CN118565201B - 一种采用氢气直接还原金属氧化物装置还原金属氧化物的方法 - Google Patents
一种采用氢气直接还原金属氧化物装置还原金属氧化物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
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- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
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- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/04—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
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- F27B9/12—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity with special arrangements for preheating or cooling the charge
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
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- F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
- F27B9/142—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving along a vertical axis
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- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
- F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path
- F27B9/24—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path being carried by a conveyor
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- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/30—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of these types
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/12—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity with special arrangements for preheating or cooling the charge
- F27B2009/122—Preheating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
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- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/12—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity with special arrangements for preheating or cooling the charge
- F27B2009/124—Cooling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
- F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path
- F27B9/24—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path being carried by a conveyor
- F27B2009/2484—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path being carried by a conveyor the conveyor being a helical device
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Abstract
本发明涉及金属氧化物还原技术领域，一种氢气直接还原金属氧化物的装置及方法，包括炉体、预热段、还原段、水冷段、原料入口、废气出口、产物出口，炉体内沿其轴线方向设置中空的旋转轴，旋转轴上设置有多层搅拌叶组；还原段安装有第一氢气管路、辅助气体管路；第一氢气管路和辅助气体管路均包括多层气管组；第一氢气管路的气管组、辅助气体管路的气管组在搅拌叶组层隙间交错设置；水冷段安装有第二氢气管路、冷却水夹套；第二氢气管路包括多层气管组；第二氢气管路的气管组设置在搅拌叶组层隙之间；冷却水夹套套设在水冷段炉体外侧。本发明设备合理简单、低能量消耗、低环境污染；反应充分、还原率高、产物无污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及金属氧化物还原技术领域，具体涉及一种采用氢气直接还原金属氧化物装置还原金属氧化物的方法。
背景技术
现有的金属氧化物还原设备一般采用高温炉膛结构，采用高温燃烧通入过量的氢气及还原物质达到还原目的，设备成本和维修成本都很高，而且热量很容易流失，反应区的温度不能精确控制，导致反应炉内的反应温度出现过高或过低的情况，影响金属氧化物还原效果。原料进入反应炉中后在炉膛内容易产生堆积，导致氢气与原料接触面积减小，炉膛内的氢气管一般设置在还原区底部，导致原料反应不充分，使反应效率低，还原比例不高。而且高温炉膛结构高能耗、高污染的工序，给当今的气候变化带来很大的压力。现需要一种能够控制反应区温度，反应充分，还原比例高的低碳排放、低能量消耗的金属氧化物还原装置及方法。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中氢气还原金属氧化物过程中热量容易流失，温度不能精确控制，原料容易堆积，反应不充分，还原比例不高，污染高等问题，现提出一种采用氢气直接还原金属氧化物装置还原金属氧化物的方法，以解决上述问题。
为了解决现有技术中的问题，本发明提供了一种氢气直接还原金属氧化物的装置，包括炉体、预热段、还原段、水冷段、原料入口、废气出口、产物出口，炉体内沿其轴线方向设置中空的旋转轴，旋转轴上设置有多层搅拌叶组；
所述还原段安装有第一氢气管路、辅助气体管路；第一氢气管路和辅助气体管路均包括多层气管组；
所述第一氢气管路的气管组、辅助气体管路的气管组在搅拌叶组层隙间交错设置；
所述水冷段安装有第二氢气管路、冷却水夹套；
所述第二氢气管路包括多层气管组；
所述第二氢气管路的气管组设置在搅拌叶组层隙之间；
所述冷却水夹套套设在水冷段炉体外侧。
优选的，所述原料入口和废气出口设置在炉体上端口处；
所述产物出口设置在炉体的下端口处，产物出口设置为两个；
所述原料入口和产物出口处均设置两道密闭切断阀。
优选的，每层搅拌叶组包括以旋转轴为中心均匀设置的四个搅拌叶；
所述第一氢气管路、第二氢气管路、辅助气体管路的气管组均包括四个气管，每层气管组的气管和搅拌叶组的搅拌叶交替设置。
优选的，所述搅拌叶倾斜设置，其与旋转轴之间的倾斜角度为25°-30°。
优选的，位于水冷段的旋转轴外侧设置保温夹层，保温夹层外设置搅拌叶组。
优选的，所述炉体外整体用保温层覆盖；炉体外侧安装有测温套管和测压套管。
一种采用氢气直接还原金属氧化物的装置还原金属氧化物的方法，所述辅助气体管路向炉体内通入辅助气体，辅助气体为惰性气体或氧气。
优选的，当炉体内还原金属氧化物的反应剧烈时，为减缓反应速率，向炉体内通入惰性气体；
当炉体内还原金属氧化物的反应缓慢或温度不够时，为提高反应速率，向炉体内通入氧气。
本发明的有益效果有：
1.本发明中在炉体内沿其纵向中轴线方向设置旋转轴，旋转轴为中空结构，通过烟气通入旋转轴进行间接加热，去除了竖炉采用的高温炉膛结构，维修方便，降低了设备成本和维修成本。
2.炉体采用竖向布置，将炉体从上到下分为三段结构，炉体外部设置保温层覆盖，减少了热量的损耗；水冷段设置保温夹层和第二氢气管路，使冷却水夹套在对产物降温的同时 ，保温夹层降低了水冷段旋转轴的热量消耗；加氢气对反应后产物进行升温，保证了还原段的温度，减少还原段的热量损耗。在充分利用热量减少热量损失的同时，炉体外安装测温套管和测压套管，能够更加准确的控制反应区域和反应温度。
3.旋转轴上设置搅拌叶组，搅拌叶通过对物料的翻腾作用，进一步促进原料与氢气的接触面积，极大地提高反应效率和还原比例，整体设备利用气体向上、原料比重大自动下沉的同时在加以搅拌，促进原料与氢气的充分反应。
4.通过炉壁套管插入第一氢气管路和辅助气体管路，两种气管与搅拌叶组交替布置，直接将氢气和辅助气体送到原料反应区域让氢气和辅助气体与原料充分接触。氢气管和辅助气体管路路连续通入气体的同时也能对原料起到一定的“沸腾作用”。辅助气体中的惰性气体能防止还原反应速率和反应强度过大，稳定炉体内压力和温度场稳定，控制反应速度；辅助气体中的氧气，防止某些金属氧化物原料所需的反应温度过高，单独靠旋转轴热量不够时，精确控制通入氧气量，让氧气在氢气中“燃烧”提供反应所需的热量。
5.原料经过预热、还原、冷却后从下部产物出口间歇性放出的同时上部原料入口间歇式加料，间歇式加料和出料时原料入口和产物出口处两道密闭阀开关吹扫和切换，保证炉体内部的氢气不外泄的同时，原料和产物不被污染。
本发明中的氢气直接还原金属氧化物的装置合理简单、易维修、低碳排放、低能量消耗、低环境污染；还原金属氧化物的方法简单快速、反应充分、还原率高、产物无污染。
附图说明
图1为本发明整体结构示意图；
图2为本发明图1中A-A截面图。
图中：炉体1、旋转轴2、原料入口3、废气出口4、产物出口5、预热段6、还原段7、第一氢气管路7-1、辅助气体管路7-2、水冷段8、第二氢气管路8-1、保温夹层8-2、冷却水夹套8-3、冷却水入口8-4、冷却水出口8-5、搅拌叶组9。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明的技术方案做进一步详细说明。
如图1-2所示，本发明提供了一种氢气直接还原金属氧化物的装置，包括炉体1、预热段6、还原段7、水冷段8、原料入口3、废气出口4、产物出口5，在炉体1内沿其轴线方向设置中空的旋转轴2，旋转轴2上设置有多层搅拌叶组9；还原段7安装有第一氢气管路7-1、辅助气体管路7-2；第一氢气管路7-1和辅助气体管路7-2均包括多层气管组；所述第一氢气管路7-1的气管组、辅助气体管路7-2的气管组在搅拌叶组9层隙间交错设置； 水冷段8安装有第二氢气管路8-1、冷却水夹套8-3；第二氢气8-1管包括多层气管组；所述第二氢气管路8-1的气管组设置在搅拌叶组9层隙之间；冷却水夹套8-3套设在水冷段8炉体1外侧。
原料入口3和废气出口4设置在炉体1上端口处；产物出口5设置在炉体1的下端口处，产物出口5设置为两个；原料入口3和产物出口5处均设置两道密闭切断阀。
每层搅拌叶组9包括以旋转轴2为中心均匀设置的四个搅拌叶；第一氢气管路7-1、第二氢气管路8-1、辅助气体管路7-2的气管组均包括四个气管，每层气管组的气管和搅拌叶组9的搅拌叶交替设置。搅拌叶倾斜设置，其与旋转轴2之间的倾斜角度为25°-30°。
位于水冷段8的旋转轴2外侧设置保温夹层8-2，保温夹层8-2外设置搅拌叶组9。炉体1外整体用保温层覆盖；炉体1外侧安装有测温套管和测压套管。
一种采用氢气直接还原金属氧化物的装置还原金属氧化物的方法：辅助气体管路7-2向炉体1内通入辅助气体，辅助气体为惰性气体或氧气，其中惰性气体为氩气或氮气。当炉体内还原金属氧化物的反应剧烈时，为减缓反应速率，向炉体1内通入惰性气体；当炉体内还原金属氧化物的反应缓慢或温度不够时，为提高反应速率，向炉体内通入氧气，根据温度和材料比热等计算出来的氧气添加量。
本发明的工作过程：
启动电机带动旋转轴2转动，通过打开第一氢气管路7-1、辅助气体管路7-2、第二氢气管路8-1的吹扫阀，将惰性气体氩气或氮气通入炉体内，置换出炉体1内空气。原料入口3处设置两道密闭切断阀，先打开原料入口3远端切断阀，从料仓向两密闭切断阀间填料，装满后自动关闭远端密闭切断阀，然后打开近端密闭切断阀向炉体放入原料（金属氧化物），然后关闭近端密闭切断阀，循环此过程直至炉体1预热段6充满物料。反应炉需先将原料充满炉体1，至少保证预热段6有3/4以上区域有原料。
通过燃烧系统给炉体1提供高温烟气，烟气通入旋转轴2进行间接加热，加热旋转轴2使炉体1内原料升温，炉体1外侧安装有测温套管和测压套管，监测到原料升至适宜温度后，还原反应开始。
原料通过自身重力影响向下部炉体1堆积，通过旋转轴2的搅拌叶组9的翻腾作用，保证原料不在重力作用下成为料柱，影响氢气在炉体1内自然地上升过程。搅拌叶组9通过对物料的翻腾作用，进一步促进原料与氢气的接触面积，极大地提高反应效率和还原比例，整体设备利用气体向上、原料比重大自动下沉的同时在加以搅拌，促进原料与氢气的充分反应。
还原段7的第一氢气管路7-1和辅助气体管路7-2与搅拌叶组9交替布置，连续向炉体1内通入气体，直接将氢气和辅助气体送到原料反应区域使氢气和辅助气体与原料充分接触，同时也能对原料起到一定的“沸腾作用”，使原料和氢气充分反应。辅助气体中的惰性气体能防止还原反应速率和反应强度过大，稳定炉体1内压力和温度场稳定，控制反应速度；辅助气体中的氧气，防止某些金属氧化物原料所需的反应温度过高，单独靠旋转轴热量不够时，精确控制通入氧气量，让氧气在氢气中“燃烧”提供反应所需的热量。
水冷段8的冷却水夹套8-3起到对出口产物降温的作用；第二氢气管路与搅拌叶间距相等且交错布置，氢气经产物后起到对水冷段8上部产物升温的作用，保证反应炉体1内的还原温度。
原料经过预热段6预热、反应段7反应、水冷段8冷却后通过下部产物出口5的两道密闭切断阀排出。先打开产物出口5近端密闭切断阀，从炉体1向两密闭切断阀间填料，装满后自动关闭切近端密闭断阀。接着打开远端密闭切断阀向输送装置放出产物。原料入口3和产物出口5处两道密闭阀开关吹扫和切换，保证炉体1内部的氢气不外泄的同时，原料和产物不被污染。
炉体1初始运行升温和还原反应进行后的一段时间内，产物出口5排出的是水冷段8的未参与还原反应的原料，需将此部分原料继续加入到炉体1进行反应，出现产物后，循环此装卸料过程。
反应后的气体，可通过汽水分离等装置，加压通入前期供热燃烧器中燃烧，提供旋转轴2高温烟气的燃料，减少高温烟气燃料投入，氢气燃烧更能减少碳排放，进一步减少排放和能量消耗。
本发明中的氢气直接还原金属氧化物的装置合理简单、易维修、低碳排放、低能量消耗、低环境污染；还原金属氧化物的方法简单快速、反应充分、还原率高、产物无污染。
以上仅是对本发明进行了示范性描述，显然，本发明的具体实施并不受上述示范的限制，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对上述技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种采用氢气直接还原金属氧化物装置还原金属氧化物的方法，氢气直接还原金属氧化物装置包括炉体、预热段、还原段、水冷段、原料入口、废气出口、产物出口，其特征在于，炉体内沿其轴线方向设置中空的旋转轴，旋转轴上设置有多层搅拌叶组；
所述还原段安装有第一氢气管路、辅助气体管路；第一氢气管路和辅助气体管路均包括多层气管组；
所述第一氢气管路的气管组、辅助气体管路的气管组在搅拌叶组层隙间交错设置；
所述水冷段安装有第二氢气管路、冷却水夹套；
所述第二氢气管路包括多层气管组；
所述第二氢气管路的气管组设置在搅拌叶组层隙之间；
所述冷却水夹套套设在水冷段炉体外侧；
所述辅助气体管路向炉体内通入辅助气体，辅助气体为惰性气体或氧气；
当炉体内还原金属氧化物的反应剧烈时，为减缓反应速率，向炉体内通入惰性气体；
当炉体内还原金属氧化物的反应缓慢或温度不够时，为提高反应速率，向炉体内通入氧气。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种采用氢气直接还原金属氧化物装置还原金属氧化物的方法，其特征在于，所述氢气直接还原金属氧化物装置的原料入口和废气出口设置在炉体上端口处；
所述产物出口设置在炉体的下端口处，产物出口设置为两个；
所述原料入口和产物出口处均设置两道密闭切断阀。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种采用氢气直接还原金属氧化物装置还原金属氧化物的方法，其特征在于，氢气直接还原金属氧化物装置的每层搅拌叶组包括以旋转轴为中心均匀设置的四个搅拌叶；
所述第一氢气管路、第二氢气管路、辅助气体管路的气管组均包括四个气管，每层气管组的气管和搅拌叶组的搅拌叶交替设置。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种采用氢气直接还原金属氧化物装置还原金属氧化物的方法，其特征在于，所述氢气直接还原金属氧化物装置的搅拌叶倾斜设置，其与旋转轴之间的倾斜角度为25°-30°。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种采用氢气直接还原金属氧化物装置还原金属氧化物的方法，其特征在于，位于氢气直接还原金属氧化物装置水冷段的旋转轴外侧设置保温夹层，保温夹层外设置搅拌叶组。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种采用氢气直接还原金属氧化物装置还原金属氧化物的方法，其特征在于，所述直接还原金属氧化物装置的炉体外整体用保温层覆盖；炉体外侧安装有测温套管和测压套管。
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