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CN118508575B - Lithium battery safety protection method and lithium battery device - Google Patents

Lithium battery safety protection method and lithium battery device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN118508575B
CN118508575B CN202410963243.9A CN202410963243A CN118508575B CN 118508575 B CN118508575 B CN 118508575B CN 202410963243 A CN202410963243 A CN 202410963243A CN 118508575 B CN118508575 B CN 118508575B
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Prior art keywords
battery
self
real
parameter data
battery pack
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CN118508575A (en
Inventor
赵天寿
贺常相
孙静
魏磊
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Southern University of Science and Technology
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Southern University of Science and Technology
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Priority to CN202411491917.6A priority Critical patent/CN119093554B/en
Priority to CN202410963243.9A priority patent/CN118508575B/en
Publication of CN118508575A publication Critical patent/CN118508575A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
    • H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
    • H02J7/007194—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature of the battery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The application discloses a lithium battery safety protection method and a lithium battery device, wherein the lithium battery device comprises a battery pack, a battery management system and a self-discharging circuit; judging whether the real-time parameter data meet preset conditions or not; if the real-time parameter data does not meet the preset condition, acquiring the failure state of the battery pack according to the real-time parameter data; acquiring a target load value of the self-discharge circuit according to the failure state of the battery pack and preset target parameter data; adjusting an initial load value of the self-discharge circuit according to the target load value; and controlling the self-discharging circuit to be started according to the failure state of the battery pack, so that the battery pack can realize quick discharging through the self-discharging circuit. The application provides a lithium battery safety protection method and a lithium battery device, which aim to prevent thermal runaway and thermal spread of a lithium battery.

Description

Lithium battery safety protection method and lithium battery device
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a lithium battery safety protection method and a lithium battery device.
Background
With the rapid development of new energy automobiles and battery energy storage industry, lithium ion batteries with high integration rate, large capacity and other advantages are widely used. However, in a lithium ion battery system, once a certain battery is out of control due to electric, mechanical, thermal abuse and other reasons, a large amount of heat can be rapidly released due to a severe chained oxidation-reduction reaction, and the thermal runaway of surrounding batteries can be caused by the energy, so that the thermal runaway is triggered, and the safety of the battery system and users is seriously threatened.
The prior art prevents occurrence of thermal runaway and thermal spread by external cooling or isolating an abnormal battery, but has poor effect.
Therefore, how to prevent the occurrence of thermal runaway and thermal spread phenomenon of lithium batteries is a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a lithium battery safety protection method and a lithium battery device, and aims to prevent thermal runaway and thermal spread of a lithium battery.
In one aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a lithium battery safety protection method, which is applied to a lithium battery device, wherein the lithium battery includes a battery pack, a battery management system and a self-discharge circuit, and the lithium battery safety protection method includes: acquiring real-time parameter data of the battery pack; judging whether the real-time parameter data meet preset conditions or not; if the real-time parameter data does not meet the preset condition, acquiring the failure state of the battery pack according to the real-time parameter data; acquiring a target load value of the self-discharge circuit according to the failure state of the battery pack and preset target parameter data; adjusting an initial load value of the self-discharge circuit according to the target load value; and controlling the self-discharge circuit to be started according to the failure state of the battery pack so that the battery pack can realize quick discharge through the self-discharge circuit.
Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells, and the real-time parameter data includes sub-time parameter data corresponding to each of the battery cells; the step of obtaining the real-time parameter data of the battery pack comprises the following steps: acquiring the sub-time parameter data of each battery cell, wherein the type and the number of parameter values included in the real-time parameter data are the same as the type and the number of sub-parameter values included in the sub-time parameter data; the step of judging whether the real-time parameter data meets the preset condition comprises the following steps: and the battery management system judges whether each sub-parameter value is smaller than or equal to a corresponding preset threshold value.
Optionally, in some embodiments of the application, the sub-time parameter data includes at least part of a voltage across the cell, a current flowing through the cell, a temperature of the cell, a pressure of the cell, and a gas concentration.
Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the step of acquiring the failure state of the battery pack according to the real-time parameter data if the real-time parameter data does not meet the preset condition includes: if at least one sub-parameter value in any sub-time parameter data is larger than the corresponding preset threshold value, judging the sub-parameter value larger than the corresponding preset threshold value as an abnormal sub-parameter value, and judging the battery cell corresponding to the abnormal sub-parameter value as a failure battery cell; and acquiring the position and failure type of the failed battery cell according to the abnormal subparameter value.
Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the self-discharge circuit includes at least one resistor, and the step of acquiring a target load value of the self-discharge circuit according to the failure state of the battery pack and preset target parameter data includes: and the battery management system calculates a target resistance value corresponding to the resistor according to the number of the failed battery cells, the abnormal subparameter value corresponding to each failed battery cell and a target subparameter value corresponding to the abnormal subparameter value in the target real-time parameter data.
Optionally, in some embodiments of the application, the target load value R of the self-discharge circuit is calculated by the following formula:
；
wherein, The maximum set value of the self-discharge duration time of the battery cell is smaller than or equal to the total time required from the temperature of the battery cell exceeding an abnormal value to the triggering of thermal runaway; In the battery cell In the time, the average voltage of the battery cells is recorded in real time in the process from full-charge state discharge to cut-off discharge; For the amount of electricity of the battery cell, Is the ohmic internal resistance of the battery cell.
Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the plurality of battery cells are sequentially arranged along a direction away from the battery management system, the self-discharging circuit further includes a plurality of control switches, the control switches are disposed corresponding to the battery cells and between the battery cells and the resistor, and the step of controlling the self-discharging circuit to be turned on according to the failure state of the battery pack so that the battery pack realizes rapid discharging through the self-discharging circuit includes: the battery management system adjusts initial resistance values corresponding to at least part of the resistors to corresponding target resistance values; the battery management system controls the control switch connected with the failed battery cell to be closed according to the failure type of the failed battery cell so that the failed battery cell is connected into the self-discharge circuit and realizes quick discharge through the self-discharge circuit; or the battery management system controls the control switch connected with at least one battery cell positioned around the failed battery cell to be closed according to the failure type of the failed battery cell, so that the at least one battery cell is connected into the self-discharge circuit and realizes quick discharge through the self-discharge circuit.
Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the lithium battery safety protection method further includes: and if the real-time parameter data meets the preset condition, the battery management system controls the self-discharging circuit to be in a closed state.
Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the battery management system controls the self-discharging circuit to be turned on according to the failure state of the battery pack, and acquires a load feedback signal of the self-discharging circuit in real time; the battery management system estimates the real-time state of the battery pack according to the load feedback signal; and the battery management system adjusts the real-time load value of the self-discharging circuit according to the real-time state of the battery pack until the self-discharging of the battery pack is finished.
In another aspect, the present application provides a lithium battery device, including a battery pack, a battery management system, and a self-discharge circuit; the battery pack is used for supplying power; the battery management system is used for acquiring real-time parameter data of the battery pack, judging whether the real-time parameter data meet preset conditions, acquiring a failure state of the battery pack according to the real-time parameter data if the real-time parameter data do not meet the preset conditions, acquiring a target load value of the self-discharge circuit according to the failure state of the battery pack and preset target parameter data, adjusting an initial load value of the self-discharge circuit according to the target load value, and controlling the self-discharge circuit to be started according to the failure state of the battery pack; the self-discharge circuit is used for rapidly discharging the battery pack.
In the lithium battery safety protection method and the lithium battery device provided by the application, the real-time parameter data of the battery pack is obtained through the battery management system; judging whether the real-time parameter data meet preset conditions or not; if the real-time parameter data does not meet the preset condition, acquiring the failure state of the battery pack according to the real-time parameter data; acquiring a target load value of the self-discharge circuit according to the failure state of the battery pack and preset target parameter data; adjusting an initial load value of the self-discharge circuit according to the target load value; and controlling the self-discharge circuit to be started according to the failure state of the battery pack so that the battery pack can realize quick discharge through the self-discharge circuit. The battery management system is used for acquiring real-time parameter data of the battery pack, and when the real-time parameter data of the battery pack does not meet the preset conditions, the self-discharge circuit is started, so that the battery pack can realize rapid discharge through the self-discharge circuit, and the internal energy of the battery pack is transferred before the battery pack is subjected to thermal runaway, so that the chemical reaction rate of the battery pack and the total energy released by the battery pack are reduced, and further the thermal runaway and the thermal spread phenomenon of a lithium battery are prevented.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a lithium battery provided by the present application;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for protecting the safety of a lithium battery provided by the application;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of substeps of step S30 in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of substeps of step S60 in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of parameters of a lithium battery without the lithium battery safety protection method;
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of parameters of a lithium battery after the lithium battery safety protection method provided by the application is adopted.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. The described technical solutions are only used for explaining and explaining the idea of the present application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present application.
The various embodiments provided by the application are similar in that features of different embodiments may be combined with each other.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a lithium battery device 100 including a battery pack 10, a battery management system 20, and a self-discharge circuit 30.
In an embodiment of the present application, the battery pack 10 is used for power supply. Specifically, the battery pack 10 includes a plurality of battery cells 101. It should be noted that the battery pack 10 may also include any one or more of a battery cell, a battery module, a battery pack, and a battery cluster.
In the embodiment of the present application, the battery management system 20 is configured to determine whether the real-time parameter data meets the preset condition, and if the real-time parameter data does not meet the preset condition, acquire the failure state of the battery pack 10 according to the real-time parameter data.
In the embodiment of the present application, the battery management system 20 is further configured to obtain a target load value of the self-discharge circuit 30 according to the failure state of the battery pack 10 and preset target parameter data, adjust an initial load value of the self-discharge circuit 30 according to the target load value, and control the self-discharge circuit 30 to be turned on according to the failure state of the battery pack 10.
In the embodiment of the present application, the self-discharge circuit 30 is used to rapidly discharge the battery pack 10.
In the embodiment of the present application, the battery pack 10 includes a plurality of battery cells 101, and the real-time parameter data includes sub-time parameter data corresponding to each battery cell 101. The real-time parameter data of the battery pack 10 includes sub-time parameter data of each battery cell 101, and the type and the number of parameter values included in the real-time parameter data are the same as the type and the number of sub-parameter values included in the sub-time parameter data.
In the embodiment of the present application, the battery management system 20 is configured to determine whether each of the sub-parameter values is less than or equal to a corresponding preset threshold value.
In an embodiment of the present application, the sub-time parameter data includes at least part of a voltage across the battery cell 101, a current flowing through the battery cell 101, a temperature of the battery cell 101, a pressure of the battery cell 101, and a gas concentration.
In the embodiment of the present application, if at least one sub-parameter value in the parameter data at any sub-time is greater than the corresponding preset threshold, the sub-parameter value greater than the corresponding preset threshold is determined as an abnormal sub-parameter value, and the battery cell 101 corresponding to the abnormal sub-parameter value is determined as a failed battery cell 101. The position and failure type of the failed battery cell 101 are obtained from the abnormal subparameter value.
In the embodiment of the present application, the self-discharging circuit 30 includes at least one resistor R1, and the battery management system 20 calculates a target resistance value corresponding to the resistor according to the number of the failed battery cells 101, the abnormal subparameter value corresponding to each failed battery cell 101, and the target subparameter value corresponding to the abnormal subparameter value in the target real-time parameter data.
In the embodiment of the present application, the plurality of battery cells 101 are sequentially arranged along a direction away from the battery management system 20, and the self-discharge circuit 30 further includes a plurality of control switches 301, where the control switches 301 are disposed corresponding to the battery cells 101 and between the battery cells 101 and the resistor R1. The control switches 301 include a first control switch 301a and a second control switch 301b, where the number of the first control switches 301a is equal to the number of the battery cells 101 and the number of the second control switches 301 b.
Specifically, the positive electrode of each battery cell 101 is electrically connected to one end of a first control switch 301a, and the other end of each first control switch 301a is electrically connected to a first connection terminal Q located on the line of the self-discharge circuit 30. The negative electrode of the battery cell 101 is electrically connected to one end of the second control switch 301b, and the other end of each second control switch 301b is electrically connected to the second connection terminal S located on the line of the self-discharge circuit 30.
In the embodiment of the application, the control switch 301 can at least bear the discharge current of the single battery with the discharge multiplying power of 6C, and ensures that the temperature rising rate does not exceed 12 ℃/min. Wherein, the single battery with the discharge multiplying power of 6C can be reduced from 100% SOC to 0% SOC in 10 min.
In an embodiment of the present application, the battery management system 20 is also configured to obtain in real time the voltage across the resistor, the current flowing through the resistor, the temperature of the resistor, etc. from the discharge circuit 30.
In the embodiment of the present application, the self-discharge circuit 30 includes 6 to 10 resistors R1. The plurality of resistors R1 includes at least one resistor R1 with an adjustable resistance value, and if only 1 resistor R1 is included, the resistance value of the resistor R1 is adjustable. Specifically, the number of resistors R1 included in the self-discharge circuit 30 may be 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. Preferably, the self-discharge circuit 30 includes 8 resistors R1. Wherein, the first ends of the 4 resistors R1 are all electrically connected with the first connection terminal Q, the second ends of the 4 resistors R1 are electrically connected with the first ends of the other 4 resistors R1, and the second ends of the other 4 resistors R1 are all electrically connected with the second connection terminal S.
In the embodiment of the present application, the battery management system 20 adjusts the initial resistance value corresponding to at least part of the resistors R1 to a corresponding target resistance value, or adjusts the number of resistors R1 in the self-discharge circuit 30, etc. so that the total resistance value of the self-discharge circuit 30 is a target load value.
In the embodiment of the present application, the target load value R of the self-discharge circuit 30 is calculated by the following formula:
；
wherein, For the duration of self-discharge of the battery cell 101, its maximum set point is less than or equal to the total time required for the temperature of the battery cell 101 to exceed an abnormal value to trigger thermal runaway; At the position of the battery cell 101 In time, the average voltage of the battery cells 101 is recorded in real time in the process of discharging from the full-charge state to the cut-off voltage; As the amount of electricity of the battery cell 101, Is the ohmic internal resistance of the battery cell 101. In particular, the method comprises the steps of,The maximum setting value of (2) can refer to the fact that the temperature of the lithium ion battery exceeds an abnormal value under the heating mode described by the safety requirements of the power storage battery for the electric automobile in GB-38031-2020 or newer versionsThe total time required to trigger thermal runaway, but must be less than or equal to this total time. In the heating mode described in GB-38031-2020 or the newer version of the safety requirement of the power storage battery for the electric automobile, the abnormal value Tab of the battery temperature should not be less than 50 ℃.
In the embodiment of the present application, the battery management system 20 controls the control switch 301 connected to the failed battery cell 101 to be closed according to the failure type of the failed battery cell 101, so that the failed battery cell 101 is connected to the self-discharge circuit 30 and realizes rapid discharge through the self-discharge circuit 30.
Specifically, if the battery management system 20 determines that the failed battery cell 101 is in the non-intervention state, it will pass throughAfter time, thermal runaway is triggered, and the failure mode of the failed battery cell 101 is thermal failure or internal micro-short circuit failure, the failed battery cell 101 is connected to the self-discharge circuit 30, so that rapid discharge is realized through the self-discharge circuit 30.
As another embodiment, the battery management system 20 controls the control switch 301 connected to at least one battery cell 101 located around the failed battery cell 101 to be closed according to the failure type of the failed battery cell 101 so that the at least one battery cell 101 is connected to the self-discharge circuit 30 and rapid discharge is achieved through the self-discharge circuit 30.
Specifically, if the battery management system 20 determines that the failed battery cell 101 is in the non-intervention state, it will pass throughAfter time, thermal runaway is triggered, and the failed battery cell 101 fails due to other reasons (such as extrusion, needling, overcharging, etc.), the battery cells 101 around the failed battery cell 101 are connected to the self-discharge circuit 30, so as to realize rapid discharge through the self-discharge circuit 30.
In the embodiment of the present application, if the real-time parameter data meets the preset condition, the battery management system 20 controls the self-discharging circuit 30 to be in the off state. Specifically, if the battery management system 20 determines that the failed battery cell 101 is in the non-intervention state, it will pass throughAnd after the time, the thermal runaway is not triggered, and the self-discharge protection is not started.
In the lithium battery device 100 provided by the application, the real-time parameter data of the battery pack 10 is obtained through the battery management system 20, whether the real-time parameter data meets the preset condition is judged, and if the real-time parameter data does not meet the preset condition, the failure state of the battery pack 10 is obtained according to the real-time parameter data. The target load value of the self-discharge circuit 30 is obtained according to the failure state of the battery pack 10 and preset target parameter data. The initial load value of the self-discharge circuit 30 is adjusted according to the target load value. The self-discharge circuit 30 is controlled to be turned on according to the failure state of the battery pack 10 so that the battery pack 10 is rapidly discharged through the self-discharge circuit 30. That is, the real-time parameter data of the battery pack 10 is acquired through the battery management system 20, and the self-discharge circuit 30 is turned on when the real-time parameter data of the battery pack 10 does not meet a preset condition, so that the battery pack 10 is rapidly discharged through the self-discharge circuit 30, thereby transferring the internal energy of the battery pack 10 before the thermal runaway of the battery pack 10 occurs, so as to reduce the chemical reaction rate of the battery pack 10 and the total energy released, and further prevent the thermal runaway and the thermal spread phenomenon of the lithium battery device 100.
As shown in fig. 2, an embodiment of the present application provides a lithium battery safety control method applied to the lithium battery device 100 shown in fig. 1, including a battery pack 10, a battery management system 20, and a self-discharge circuit 30. The lithium battery safety control method comprises the following steps:
s10, acquiring real-time parameter data of the battery pack.
In an embodiment of the present application, the battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells, and the real-time parameter data includes sub-time parameter data corresponding to each battery cell.
In an embodiment of the present application, sub-time parameter data of each battery cell is acquired. The type and the number of the parameter values included in the real-time parameter data are the same as the type and the number of the sub-parameter values included in the sub-time parameter data. The sub-time parameter data of each battery monomer is obtained in real time, so that the safety state of each battery pack is accurately monitored.
In an embodiment of the application, the sub-time parameter data comprises at least part of a voltage across the cell, a current flowing through the cell, a temperature of the cell, a pressure of the cell, and a gas concentration. For example, the real-time parameter data and the sub-time parameter data each include a voltage across the battery cell, a current flowing through the battery cell, and a temperature of the battery cell. Specifically, the parameter value and the sub-parameter value may be any one of a voltage across the battery cell, a current flowing through the battery cell, a temperature of the battery cell, a pressure of the battery cell, and a gas concentration.
S20, judging whether the real-time parameter data meet preset conditions.
In the embodiment of the application, the battery management system judges whether each sub-parameter value is smaller than or equal to a corresponding preset threshold value. For example, the battery management system determines whether the temperature of each battery cell is less than or equal to 50 ℃.
S30, if the real-time parameter data does not meet the preset conditions, acquiring the failure state of the battery pack according to the real-time parameter data.
In an embodiment of the application, the failure state of the battery pack includes at least mechanical abuse failure, electrical abuse failure, thermal abuse failure.
As shown in fig. 3, step S30 specifically includes the following sub-steps:
S301, if at least one sub-parameter value in the parameter data is larger than a corresponding preset threshold value in any sub-time, judging the sub-parameter value larger than the corresponding preset threshold value as an abnormal sub-parameter value, and judging the battery cell corresponding to the abnormal sub-parameter value as a dead battery cell.
S302, acquiring the position and failure type of the failed battery cell according to the abnormal subparameter value.
In the application, if the failure state of the battery pack is judged to be the thermal abuse failure, the self-discharge protection process is started. For example, if the battery temperature is detected to be greater than the preset threshold temperature of 50 ℃ and no other parameters are present to make the battery in a mechanically abusive or electrically abusive state, the battery can be considered to be in a thermally abusive failure state, and the self-discharge protection process should be started.
In the example of the present application, before starting the self-discharge protection, the rate of temperature rise of the battery during self-discharge is estimated according to the following formula:
Formula one;
wherein, the first formula contains a plurality of variables, Is the electric quantity of the battery monomer; Ohmic internal resistance of the battery cell; the expected time required for the current battery to be fully discharged through the self-discharge protection system (this value is the initial set value, one possible set is 10 min); specific heat capacity of the battery cell; is the mass energy density of the cell (the value is a known quantity, for example a 2.5Ah, 45g weight of 18650 ternary cell NMC622, the mass energy density of which is 202.8 Wh kg -1).
And (3) withThe total energy released during the reaction of SEI decomposition and regeneration reactions during thermal runaway of lithium ion battery cells in full charge state, respectively (its value can be obtained by differential scanning calorimeter measurement, is a known quantity.taking a certain 2.5ah 18650 ternary battery NMC622 as an example, = 2362.5 J，7796.3 J), SOC represents the current state of charge of the battery (this value can be obtained by the charge estimation system of the BMS),Is the mass of the battery cell and is equal to the mass of the battery cell,AndRespectively calculating reaction rates of reaction processes of SEI decomposition and regeneration reaction of the lithium ion battery monomer in the thermal runaway process through a formula II and a formula III; is the initial dimensionless concentration of the SEI decomposition reaction, and may be, but is not limited to, 0.15. Is the initial dimensionless concentration of the SEI regeneration reaction, and may be, but is not limited to, 1.
A formula II;
formula three;
In the second and third formulas, And (3) withRepresenting the SEI decomposition and regeneration reaction frequency constants respectively,And (3) withThe reaction activation energies respectively representing the SEI decomposition and regeneration reactions (the values of which can be obtained by differential scanning calorimeter measurement, for example=9.64106 J mol-1, =1.3508105 J mol-1，=5.321010 s-1，=2.51013 s-1），RIs a gas constant, and has a value of about 8.314J mol -1 K-1.And (3) withIn the form of a linear function or an exponential function (e.g.,=, =），And (3) withThe dimensionless SEI thickness and the dimensionless SEI initial thickness respectively (e.g.,Calculated by the method (6), = 0.033），To fail the cell temperature, the highest temperature of all cell temperature signals collected by the BMS may be used to carry the calculation if it is not available (because in practice thermocouples are not necessarily placed on the cell).
In the embodiment of the application, in order to simplify the operation and reduce the implementation difficulty of the system, in the process of acquiring the target load value of the self-discharge circuit according to the failure state of the battery pack and the preset target parameter data, a simplified or approximate means can be used for omitting part of heat generation items. For example, equation one may be reduced to equation four for the calculation:
Formula four;
after the predicted battery temperature rise rate is obtained, the self-discharge load value can be set or adjusted through a formula five and a formula six.
S40, acquiring a target load value of the self-discharging circuit according to the failure state of the battery pack and preset target parameter data. The load value setting is calculated by the formula five:
Formula five;
wherein, The maximum set value of the self-discharge duration time of the battery cell is smaller than or equal to the total time required from the temperature of the battery cell exceeding an abnormal value to the triggering of thermal runaway; In the battery cell In the time, the average voltage of the battery cells is recorded in real time in the process of discharging from the full-charge state to the cut-off voltage; Is the electric quantity of the battery cell, Is the ohmic internal resistance of the battery cell.
In particular, the method comprises the steps of,The maximum setting value of (2) can refer to the fact that the temperature of the lithium ion battery exceeds an abnormal value under the heating mode described by the safety requirements of the power storage battery for the electric automobile in GB-38031-2020 or newer versionsThe total time required to trigger thermal runaway, but must be less than or equal to this total time. Under the heating mode described by the safety requirements of the power storage battery for the electric automobile of GB-38031-2020 or newer versions, the abnormal value of the battery temperatureShould not be less than 50 ℃. In an embodiment of the application, the self-discharge circuit comprises a plurality of resistors. And the battery management system calculates a target resistance value corresponding to at least part of the resistors according to the number of the failed battery cells, the abnormal subparameter value corresponding to each failed battery cell and the target subparameter value corresponding to the abnormal subparameter value in the target real-time parameter data.
In an embodiment of the present application, a Battery Management System (BMS) determines whether to adjust an initial load value of a self-discharge circuit according to formula six:
A formula six;
Wherein the thermal runaway characteristic temperature T 2 is the thermal runaway trigger temperature of the battery in a Heat-Wait-search (Heat-Wait-Seek) test of an accelerated calorimeter (ARC). If equation six holds, the initial load value of the self-discharge circuit is kept unchanged.
In an embodiment of the present application, if equation six is not true, the discharge time is increasedUntil the formula six holds (increaseWill significantly reduce the battery temperature rise rateSo that the value on the left of the sixth less number is reduced).
When in use at this timeSetting a target load value R of the self-discharge circuit according to formula five:
In the embodiment of the application, when the electric quantity of the battery monomer for self-discharging is larger than SOC TRS, the initial load value of the self-discharging circuit is adjusted to ensure that the self-discharging multiplying power of the battery monomer is not smaller than K, wherein K E [ 0C, 6C ] is defined as the minimum discharging multiplying power of the single battery which does not trigger thermal runaway under the heating mode described by the safety requirements of the power storage battery for the electric automobile of GB-38031-2020 or an updated version. SOC TRS E [50%, 100% ], which is defined as the maximum battery charge of a single cell that does not trigger thermal runaway under the heating regime described by the power storage battery safety requirements for electric vehicles of GB-38031-2020 or newer versions.
In the embodiment of the application, when the electric quantity of the battery cell performing self-discharge is smaller than or equal to the SOC TRS, if the temperature of the battery cell is lower than the thermal runaway characteristic temperature T 1, the initial load value of the self-discharge circuit is adjusted to ensure that the self-discharge multiplying power of the battery cell is between 0 and K, wherein K is E [ 0C, 6C ]. If the temperature is greater than or equal to the thermal runaway characteristic temperature T 1, the self-discharge circuit is turned off. Wherein the thermal runaway characteristic temperature T 1 is the thermal runaway destabilization temperature of the battery in a Heat-Wait-search (Heat-Wait-Seek) test of an accelerated calorimeter (ARC). The SOC TRS E [50%, 100% ], which is defined as the maximum battery power of a single battery which does not trigger thermal runaway under the heating mode described by the power storage battery safety requirements of GB-38031-2020 or newer versions of electric automobiles.
S50, adjusting an initial load value of the self-discharge circuit according to the target load value.
In the embodiment of the application, the battery management system calculates the target resistance value corresponding to at least part of the resistors according to the number of the failed battery cells, the abnormal subparameter value corresponding to each failed battery cell and the target subparameter value corresponding to the abnormal subparameter value in the target real-time parameter data so as to adjust the initial load value of the self-discharge circuit to the target load value.
S60, controlling the self-discharge circuit to be started according to the failure state of the battery pack, so that the battery pack can realize quick discharge through the self-discharge circuit.
In the embodiment of the application, a plurality of battery cells are sequentially arranged along the direction away from the battery management system, and the self-discharge circuit further comprises a plurality of control switches, wherein the control switches are arranged corresponding to the battery cells and are arranged between the battery cells and the resistor.
In an embodiment of the application, the battery management system adjusts the initial resistance value corresponding to at least part of the resistors to the corresponding target resistance value. The battery management system controls the closing of a control switch connected with the failed battery unit according to the failure type of the failed battery unit, so that the failed battery unit is connected into a self-discharging circuit and realizes quick discharging through the self-discharging circuit.
As another embodiment, the battery management system controls a control switch connected with at least one battery cell positioned around the failed battery cell to be closed according to the failure type of the failed battery cell, so that the at least one battery cell is connected into the self-discharge circuit and realizes rapid discharge through the self-discharge circuit.
As shown in fig. 4, step S60 includes the following sub-steps:
s601, the battery management system controls the self-discharging circuit to be started according to the failure state of the battery pack, and obtains a load feedback signal of the self-discharging circuit in real time.
In an embodiment of the application, the load feedback signal comprises at least one of a load current, a load voltage and a load temperature of the self-discharging circuit.
S602, the battery management system estimates the real-time state of the battery pack according to the load feedback signal.
And S603, the battery management system adjusts the real-time load value of the self-discharging circuit according to the real-time state of the battery pack until the self-discharging of the battery pack is finished.
In an embodiment of the present application, the real-time state of the battery pack includes the current power SOC of the battery cell, the Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI) decomposition reaction progress rate, the dimensionless concentration of the SEI decomposition reaction, the SEI regeneration reaction rate, the dimensionless concentration of the SEI regeneration reaction, and the temperature rise rate of the battery cell.
In an embodiment of the present application, the lithium battery safety protection method further includes: if the real-time parameter data meets the preset condition, the battery management system controls the self-discharging circuit to be in a closed state.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the thermal runaway test of the battery was performed using a square NMC532 battery having a size of 148mm×91mm×26.5mm, a capacity of 50Ah, and a heating block having a power of 600W and the same size as the battery. Wherein, T heater is the temperature of the heater, T h is the temperature of the hot face, i.e. the temperature of the contact face between the battery pack and the heater, T c is the temperature of the cold face, i.e. the temperature of the side face of the battery pack, which is far away from the heater and parallel to the heating face, and U is the voltage at two ends of the battery pack.
Specifically, fig. 5 is temperature and voltage experimental data without any discharge measures. The voltage of the battery pack does not change all the time, the battery pack triggers thermal runaway after the heating time of about 580s, at the moment, the battery pack is damaged, and the voltage of the battery pack is rapidly reduced to 0. The hot and cold side temperatures rise dramatically. The fluctuation of the temperature curve during the measurement comes from the fluctuation of the jet fire and the deformation of the battery.
Specifically, fig. 6 shows that after the lithium battery safety protection method provided by the embodiment of the application is adopted, the voltage of the battery pack is smoothly reduced to below 2.7V (almost after the electricity is discharged) when the battery pack is heated for about 580s, so that the battery energy is very low and thermal runaway is not triggered.
For example, when the hot-face temperature of the battery pack is detected to exceed 50 ℃, the resistance value of the resistor on the self-discharge circuit is adjusted to be 12 milliohms, and at this time, the battery cells connected to the self-discharge circuit start discharging at a discharge rate of 6C. The heater still maintains 600W heating power to start heating. Before the temperature of the battery reaches the critical thermal runaway temperature, the voltage has been reduced to below 2.7V, but the thermal runaway is not triggered and is successfully suppressed. In this embodiment, parameters include: 50 ℃,12 DEG CDischarge, 6C discharge rate, is just one specific example of the protection of this patent, and a person skilled in the art can set specific parameters according to actual needs.
Experiments prove that the lithium battery safety protection method provided by the embodiment of the application can timely find out the battery monomer with thermal runaway risk, discharge the failed battery monomer or the battery monomer positioned around the failed battery monomer according to a reasonable strategy before the thermal runaway is triggered, rapidly transfer the energy of the battery monomer at any position in the battery pack to a self-discharge circuit, and dissipate the energy through a thermal management design, thereby greatly preventing the lithium battery from thermal runaway and thermal spreading.
In the lithium battery safety protection method provided by the application, the real-time parameter data of the battery pack is obtained through the battery management system, whether the real-time parameter data meets the preset condition is judged, and if the real-time parameter data does not meet the preset condition, the failure state of the battery pack is obtained according to the real-time parameter data. And acquiring a target load value of the self-discharging circuit according to the failure state of the battery pack and preset target parameter data. And adjusting the initial load value of the self-discharge circuit according to the target load value. And controlling the self-discharging circuit to be started according to the failure state of the battery pack, so that the battery pack can realize quick discharging through the self-discharging circuit. The battery management system is used for acquiring real-time parameter data of the battery pack, and when the real-time parameter data of the battery pack does not meet preset conditions, the self-discharging circuit is started, so that the battery pack can realize quick discharging through the self-discharging circuit, and the internal energy of the battery pack is transferred before the thermal runaway of the battery pack occurs, so that the chemical reaction rate of the battery pack and the total energy released by the battery pack are reduced, and further, the thermal runaway and the thermal spreading phenomenon of the lithium battery are prevented.
The above description of the embodiment of the present application is provided to assist in understanding the core idea of the present application, and the above description should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application.

Claims (6)

1.一种锂电池安全防护方法，应用于锂电池装置，其特征在于，所述锂电池装置包括电池组、电池管理系统以及自放电电路，所述锂电池安全防护方法包括：1. A lithium battery safety protection method, applied to a lithium battery device, characterized in that the lithium battery device includes a battery pack, a battery management system and a self-discharge circuit, and the lithium battery safety protection method includes: 获取所述电池组的实时参数数据；Acquiring real-time parameter data of the battery pack; 判断所述实时参数数据是否满足预设条件；Determining whether the real-time parameter data meets a preset condition; 若所述实时参数数据不满足所述预设条件，则根据所述实时参数数据获取所述电池组的失效状态；If the real-time parameter data does not meet the preset condition, obtaining the failure state of the battery pack according to the real-time parameter data; 根据所述电池组的所述失效状态和预设的目标参数数据获取所述自放电电路的目标负载值；Acquire a target load value of the self-discharge circuit according to the failure state of the battery pack and preset target parameter data; 根据所述目标负载值调整所述自放电电路的初始负载值；adjusting an initial load value of the self-discharging circuit according to the target load value; 根据所述电池组的所述失效状态控制所述自放电电路开启，以使得所述电池组通过所述自放电电路实现快速放电；Controlling the self-discharge circuit to start according to the failure state of the battery pack, so that the battery pack can be quickly discharged through the self-discharge circuit; 所述电池组包括多个电池单体，所述实时参数数据包括每一所述电池单体对应的子实时参数数据，所述获取所述电池组的实时参数数据的步骤包括：The battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells, the real-time parameter data includes sub-real-time parameter data corresponding to each of the battery cells, and the step of acquiring the real-time parameter data of the battery pack includes: 获取每一所述电池单体的所述子实时参数数据，所述实时参数数据包括的参数值的类型和数量与所述子实时参数数据包括的子参数值的类型和数量均相同；Acquire the sub-real-time parameter data of each of the battery cells, wherein the type and quantity of parameter values included in the real-time parameter data are the same as the type and quantity of sub-parameter values included in the sub-real-time parameter data; 所述判断所述实时参数数据是否满足预设条件的步骤包括：The step of determining whether the real-time parameter data meets the preset conditions comprises: 所述电池管理系统判断每一所述子参数值是否均小于或者等于对应的预设阈值；The battery management system determines whether each of the sub-parameter values is less than or equal to the corresponding preset threshold; 所述若所述实时参数数据不满足所述预设条件，则根据所述实时参数数据获取所述电池组的失效状态的步骤包括：If the real-time parameter data does not meet the preset condition, the step of obtaining the failure state of the battery pack according to the real-time parameter data includes: 若任一所述子实时参数数据中的至少一个所述子参数值大于对应的所述预设阈值，则将大于对应的所述预设阈值的所述子参数值判定为异常子参数值，并将所述异常子参数值对应的所述电池单体判定为失效电池单体；If at least one of the sub-parameter values in any of the sub-real-time parameter data is greater than the corresponding preset threshold, the sub-parameter value greater than the corresponding preset threshold is determined as an abnormal sub-parameter value, and the battery cell corresponding to the abnormal sub-parameter value is determined as a failed battery cell; 根据所述异常子参数值获取所述失效电池单体的位置和失效类型；Acquire the location and failure type of the failed battery cell according to the abnormal sub-parameter value; 所述自放电电路包括至少一个电阻器，所述根据所述电池组的所述失效状态和预设的目标参数数据获取所述自放电电路的目标负载值的步骤包括：The self-discharging circuit includes at least one resistor, and the step of obtaining a target load value of the self-discharging circuit according to the failure state of the battery pack and preset target parameter data includes: 所述电池管理系统根据所述失效电池单体的数量、每一所述失效电池单体对应的所述异常子参数值以及所述目标参数数据中与所述异常子参数值对应的目标子参数值计算所述电阻器对应的目标电阻值；The battery management system calculates a target resistance value corresponding to the resistor according to the number of the failed battery cells, the abnormal sub-parameter value corresponding to each of the failed battery cells, and the target sub-parameter value corresponding to the abnormal sub-parameter value in the target parameter data; 多个所述电池单体沿远离所述电池管理系统的方向依次排布，所述自放电电路还包括多个控制开关，所述控制开关与所述电池单体对应设置且设置于所述电池单体与所述电阻器之间，所述根据所述电池组的所述失效状态控制所述自放电电路开启，以使得所述电池组通过所述自放电电路实现快速放电的步骤包括：The plurality of battery cells are arranged in sequence in a direction away from the battery management system, the self-discharge circuit further comprises a plurality of control switches, the control switches are arranged corresponding to the battery cells and are arranged between the battery cells and the resistor, and the step of controlling the self-discharge circuit to be turned on according to the failure state of the battery pack so that the battery pack can be rapidly discharged through the self-discharge circuit comprises: 所述电池管理系统将至少部分所述电阻器对应的初始电阻值调整为对应的所述目标电阻值；The battery management system adjusts the initial resistance values corresponding to at least part of the resistors to the corresponding target resistance values; 所述电池管理系统根据所述失效电池单体的所述失效类型控制与所述失效电池单体连接的所述控制开关闭合，以使得所述失效电池单体接入所述自放电电路并通过所述自放电电路实现快速放电；The battery management system controls the control switch connected to the failed battery cell to close according to the failure type of the failed battery cell, so that the failed battery cell is connected to the self-discharge circuit and achieves rapid discharge through the self-discharge circuit; 或者，所述电池管理系统根据所述失效电池单体的所述失效类型控制与位于所述失效电池单体周围的至少一个所述电池单体连接的所述控制开关闭合，以使得至少一个所述电池单体接入所述自放电电路并通过所述自放电电路实现快速放电。Alternatively, the battery management system controls the control switch connected to at least one of the battery cells located around the failed battery cell to close according to the failure type of the failed battery cell, so that at least one of the battery cells is connected to the self-discharge circuit and achieves rapid discharge through the self-discharge circuit. 2.根据权利要求1所述的锂电池安全防护方法，其特征在于，所述子实时参数数据包括所述电池单体两端的电压、流经所述电池单体的电流、所述电池单体的温度、所述电池单体的压力以及气体浓度中的至少部分。2. The lithium battery safety protection method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the sub-real-time parameter data includes at least part of the voltage across the battery cell, the current flowing through the battery cell, the temperature of the battery cell, the pressure of the battery cell and the gas concentration. 3.根据权利要求1所述的锂电池安全防护方法，其特征在于，通过如下公式计算所述自放电电路的所述目标负载值R：3. The lithium battery safety protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that the target load value R of the self-discharge circuit is calculated by the following formula: ； ; 其中，为所述电池单体自放电持续时间，其最大设定值小于或者等于所述电池单体的温度超过异常值到触发热失控所需要的总时间；为电池单体在时间内，从满电状态放电至截止放电过程中实时记录的所述电池单体的平均电压；为所述电池单体的电量，为所述电池单体的欧姆内阻。in, is the self-discharge duration of the battery cell, the maximum setting value of which is less than or equal to the total time required for the temperature of the battery cell to exceed the abnormal value and trigger thermal runaway; For battery cells The average voltage of the battery cell recorded in real time during the discharge process from the fully charged state to the end of the discharge; is the power of the battery cell, is the ohmic internal resistance of the battery cell. 4.根据权利要求1所述的锂电池安全防护方法，其特征在于，所述锂电池安全防护方法还包括：4. The lithium battery safety protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that the lithium battery safety protection method further comprises: 若所述实时参数数据满足所述预设条件，则所述电池管理系统控制所述自放电电路处于关闭状态。If the real-time parameter data meets the preset condition, the battery management system controls the self-discharge circuit to be in a closed state. 5.根据权利要求1所述的锂电池安全防护方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述电池组的所述失效状态控制所述自放电电路开启，以使得所述电池组通过所述自放电电路实现快速放电的步骤包括：5. The lithium battery safety protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that the step of controlling the self-discharge circuit to start according to the failure state of the battery pack so that the battery pack can achieve rapid discharge through the self-discharge circuit comprises: 所述电池管理系统根据所述电池组的所述失效状态控制所述自放电电路开启，并实时获取所述自放电电路的负载反馈信号；The battery management system controls the self-discharge circuit to start according to the failure state of the battery pack, and obtains a load feedback signal of the self-discharge circuit in real time; 所述电池管理系统根据所述负载反馈信号估算所述电池组的实时状态；The battery management system estimates the real-time state of the battery pack according to the load feedback signal; 所述电池管理系统根据所述电池组的所述实时状态调整所述自放电电路的实时负载值，直至所述电池组自放电结束。The battery management system adjusts the real-time load value of the self-discharging circuit according to the real-time state of the battery pack until the self-discharging of the battery pack ends. 6.一种锂电池装置，用于实现如权利要求1至5任一项所述的锂电池安全防护方法，其特征在于，包括电池组、电池管理系统以及自放电电路；6. A lithium battery device, used to implement the lithium battery safety protection method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises a battery pack, a battery management system and a self-discharge circuit; 所述电池组用于供电；The battery pack is used for power supply; 所述电池管理系统用于获取所述电池组的实时参数数据，判断所述实时参数数据是否满足预设条件，若所述实时参数数据不满足所述预设条件，则根据所述实时参数数据获取所述电池组的失效状态，所述电池管理系统还用于根据所述电池组的所述失效状态和预设的目标参数数据获取所述自放电电路的目标负载值，并根据所述目标负载值调整所述自放电电路的初始负载值，以及用于根据所述电池组的所述失效状态控制所述自放电电路开启；The battery management system is used to obtain real-time parameter data of the battery pack, determine whether the real-time parameter data meets a preset condition, and if the real-time parameter data does not meet the preset condition, obtain the failure state of the battery pack according to the real-time parameter data. The battery management system is also used to obtain a target load value of the self-discharge circuit according to the failure state of the battery pack and preset target parameter data, and adjust an initial load value of the self-discharge circuit according to the target load value, and control the self-discharge circuit to be turned on according to the failure state of the battery pack; 所述自放电电路用于使所述电池组快速放电。The self-discharge circuit is used to quickly discharge the battery pack.
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CN117613433A (en) * 2023-10-31 2024-02-27 河南科进自动化设备有限公司 Constant-current echelon rapid discharge method for waste lithium batteries

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