CN118310074B - Compressed gas energy storage system coupled with heat supply and waste heat utilization and operation method thereof - Google Patents
Compressed gas energy storage system coupled with heat supply and waste heat utilization and operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN118310074B CN118310074B CN202410405077.0A CN202410405077A CN118310074B CN 118310074 B CN118310074 B CN 118310074B CN 202410405077 A CN202410405077 A CN 202410405077A CN 118310074 B CN118310074 B CN 118310074B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D18/00—Small-scale combined heat and power [CHP] generation systems specially adapted for domestic heating, space heating or domestic hot-water supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
- F28D2020/0082—Multiple tanks arrangements, e.g. adjacent tanks, tank in tank
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Abstract
The invention provides a compressed air energy storage system with heat supply and waste heat utilization coupled and an operation method thereof, wherein the operation method comprises the following steps: and (3) heat supply and energy storage steps: the high-temperature high-pressure working medium at the outlet of the compressor unit exchanges heat with fluid provided by the fluid supply unit in the first heat exchanger unit, the temperature of the fluid after heat exchange rises, the high-temperature high-pressure working medium after heat exchange is converted into a high-pressure low-temperature working medium, and the high-pressure low-temperature working medium enters the working medium storage device for storage; and energy release and waste heat utilization steps: the high-pressure low-temperature working medium at the outlet of the working medium storage device exchanges heat in the second heat exchanger group with the waste heat provided by the waste heat supply unit, the temperature of the high-pressure low-temperature working medium after heat exchange is increased to be changed into high-temperature high-pressure working medium, the high-temperature high-pressure working medium enters the expansion generator set to expand and generate electricity, and the waste heat after heat exchange is discharged. The invention can realize high-grade heat supply, realize the utilization of waste heat, convert electric energy into working medium to be stored, and expand to do work to generate electricity for participating in peak shaving of the power grid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of heat supply and waste heat utilization, in particular to a compressed air energy storage system with coupled heat supply and waste heat utilization and an operation method thereof.
Background
The temperature of the unutilized heat generated in the industrial production process is high, and a large amount of waste heat needs to be absorbed by bottom circulation. For example, the smoke exhaust temperature of a thermal power generating unit is generally 110-150 ℃, the temperature of the exhaust gas of a coking furnace is generally 700-1100 ℃, the smoke exhaust temperature of a gas boiler is generally 120-180 ℃, and the like. The waste heat carries a large amount of heat, and the heat loss caused by direct discharge is large.
Meanwhile, many industrial processes require thermal energy for processing, production, and heating. High temperatures are required to melt raw materials or change their physical properties during metal smelting, glass manufacturing, ceramic production, and the like. The heat energy carrier commonly used in industry is steam, and a boiler is generally adopted to heat water to generate steam, so that various mechanical equipment, power generation and heating can be driven. Many materials require heat to dry during production, such as paper, wood, food, and the like. Heating is another important aspect of the thermal energy requirements in the industry. In summary, the need for heat is versatile, it involves many different processes and applications, and has a significant impact on both the efficiency and cost of industrial production.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a compressed air energy storage system with heat supply and waste heat utilization coupled and an operation method thereof, wherein the compression heat carried by high-temperature high-pressure working medium at the outlet of a compressor unit is subjected to heat exchange with fluid provided by a fluid supply unit through a first heat exchanger group, so that high-grade heat supply is realized; the high-pressure low-temperature working medium after heat exchange can be stored, so that electric energy is converted into the working medium to be stored; the stored working medium exchanges heat with the waste heat provided by the waste heat supply unit in the second heat exchanger group, so that the utilization of the waste heat is realized, and the high-pressure low-temperature working medium after heat exchange can expand to do work to generate electricity to participate in power grid peak regulation.
The invention provides a compressed air energy storage system with heat supply and waste heat utilization coupling, which comprises:
the compressor unit is used for compressing working media;
the first heat exchanger group comprises a first working medium heat exchange flow channel and a first fluid heat exchange flow channel, and an inlet of the first working medium heat exchange flow channel is communicated with an outlet of the compressor group;
the fluid supply unit is communicated with the inlet of the first fluid heat exchange flow channel, and compression heat generated by compressing working media by the compressor unit is used for heating fluid provided by the fluid supply unit;
The inlet of the working medium storage device is communicated with the outlet of the first working medium heat exchange flow channel and is used for storing working medium at the outlet of the first working medium heat exchange flow channel;
The second heat exchanger group comprises a second working medium heat exchange flow channel and a second fluid heat exchange flow channel, and an inlet of the second working medium heat exchange flow channel is communicated with an outlet of the working medium storage device;
The waste heat supply unit is used for providing waste heat to heat working media entering the second working medium heat exchange flow channel;
And an inlet of the expansion generating set is communicated with an outlet of the second working medium heat exchange flow passage.
According to the technical scheme, the compressor unit compresses the working medium to generate compression heat, the working medium carrying the compression heat at the outlet of the compressor exchanges heat with fluid provided by the fluid supply unit in the first heat exchanger unit, the temperature of the fluid rises after absorbing the compression heat carried by the working medium, high-grade heat supply is realized, the temperature of the working medium after heat exchange is reduced, the density of the working medium is increased, the working medium enters the working medium storage device for storage, the heat storage temperature is reduced, the performance requirement on the working medium storage device is lowered, and the heat dissipation loss is reduced. The working medium at the outlet of the working medium storage device exchanges heat with the waste heat from the waste heat supply unit in the second heat exchanger group, the temperature of the working medium after heat exchange rises and enters the expansion generator set for expansion power generation, the utilization rate of the waste heat is improved, and meanwhile, the working capacity of the working medium is improved.
The scheme utilizes the compression working medium energy storage system consisting of the compressor unit, the first heat exchanger unit, the working medium storage device, the second heat exchanger unit and the expansion generator unit, and uses compression heat generated in the compression stage to heat fluid, so that high-grade heat supply is realized, and heat dissipation loss of the compression heat is reduced. And the working medium before expansion work is heated by utilizing the waste heat, so that the working capacity of the working medium is improved, the reutilization of the waste heat is realized, and the energy waste is reduced.
The scheme not only realizes high-grade heat supply and waste heat utilization, but also can generate electricity. The generated electric energy can participate in peak regulation of the power grid, and particularly, when electricity is used in a valley, redundant electric energy can be stored in a working medium storage device by driving a compressor unit to compress working medium and then enter a first heat exchanger group to exchange heat and then be converted into high-pressure internal energy of the working medium; during peak electricity consumption, the stored high-pressure working medium can be used for expansion power generation to meet the power demand.
In an alternative technical scheme of the invention, the heat exchanger further comprises a third heat exchanger, wherein the third heat exchanger comprises:
The inlet of the third working medium heat exchange flow channel is communicated with the outlet of the first working medium heat exchange flow channel, and the outlet of the third working medium heat exchange flow channel is communicated with the inlet of the working medium storage device;
And the outlet of the third fluid heat exchange flow passage is communicated with the inlet of the first fluid heat exchange flow passage, and the inlet of the third fluid heat exchange flow passage is communicated with the outlet of the fluid supply unit.
According to the technical scheme, the working medium at the outlet of the first working medium heat exchange flow channel enters the third working medium heat exchange flow channel, exchanges heat with the fluid entering the third fluid heat exchange flow channel, then the temperature is reduced, and the working medium enters the working medium storage device for storage, so that the density of the working medium is increased, and the volume of the working medium storage device is reduced. The temperature of the fluid provided by the fluid supply unit rises after entering the third fluid heat exchange flow channel for heat exchange, and the fluid enters the first fluid heat exchange flow channel for heat exchange with the high-temperature working medium in the first working medium heat exchange flow channel, so that efficient heat supply is realized. The system provided by the scheme has simple structure and is beneficial to reducing the cost.
In an optional technical scheme of the invention, the method further comprises the following steps:
The first medium storage tank is used for storing high-temperature heat storage medium;
the second medium storage tank is used for storing low-temperature heat storage medium;
a third heat exchanger comprising:
One end of the third working medium heat exchange flow passage is communicated with the outlet of the first working medium heat exchange flow passage, the other end is communicated with the working medium storage device; the third working medium heat exchange flow channel is communicated with the inlet of the second working medium heat exchange flow channel;
And two ends of the third fluid heat exchange flow passage are respectively communicated with the first medium storage tank and the second medium storage tank.
According to the technical scheme, in the heat supply and energy storage process, the working medium at the outlet of the first working medium heat exchange flow channel enters the third working medium heat exchange flow channel, exchanges heat with the low-temperature heat storage medium at the outlet of the second medium storage tank, and then the temperature is reduced to enter the working medium storage device for storage; the temperature of the low-temperature heat storage medium at the outlet of the second medium storage tank rises after heat exchange and enters the first medium storage tank for storage. In the energy release and waste heat utilization processes, the working medium at the outlet of the working medium storage device enters a third working medium heat exchange flow channel, exchanges heat with the high-temperature heat storage medium at the outlet of the first medium storage tank, increases in temperature, and enters a second working medium heat exchange flow channel of the second heat exchanger group. The first medium storage tank and the second medium storage tank are arranged, so that heat exchange can be conveniently performed on working media entering or exiting the working medium storage device, the working media are stored after being cooled, the storage density is increased, the volume of the working medium storage device is saved, or the working media enter the second heat exchanger group after being heated after exiting, the recycling of energy is realized, and the working quality is also facilitated to be improved. In addition, the fluid provided by the fluid supply unit directly enters the first heat exchanger group to exchange heat with the compression heat, so that a heat supply path is shortened, and a heat supply pipeline is simplified.
In an optional technical scheme of the invention, the method further comprises the following steps:
the third medium storage tank is used for storing low-temperature heat storage medium;
a fourth medium storage tank for storing medium-temperature heat storage medium;
The fourth heat exchanger comprises a fourth working medium heat exchange flow passage and a fourth fluid heat exchange flow passage, and two ends of the fourth working medium heat exchange flow passage are respectively communicated with an outlet of the working medium storage device and an inlet of the compressor unit; two ends of the fourth fluid heat exchange flow channel are respectively communicated with the third medium storage tank and the fourth medium storage tank;
The fifth heat exchanger comprises a fifth working medium heat exchange flow passage and a fifth fluid heat exchange flow passage, two ends of the fifth working medium heat exchange flow passage are respectively communicated with an outlet of the expansion generator set and an inlet of the working medium storage device, an inlet of the fifth fluid heat exchange flow passage is communicated with an outlet of the third medium storage tank, and an outlet of the fifth fluid heat exchange flow passage is communicated with an inlet of the fourth medium storage tank.
According to the technical scheme, in the heat supply and energy storage process, the high-pressure low-temperature working medium at the outlet of the working medium storage device enters the fourth working medium heat exchange flow channel, exchanges heat with the medium-temperature heat storage medium from the outlet of the fourth medium storage tank, then increases the temperature, and the working medium after the temperature increase enters the compression unit for compression, the first heat exchanger for cooling and the third heat exchanger for heat exchange and then enters the working medium storage device for storage. In the energy release and waste heat utilization processes, the working medium at the outlet of the working medium storage device exchanges heat and then enters the second heat exchanger group to exchange heat, the expansion generator group expands and then enters the fifth heat exchanger to exchange heat with the low-temperature heat storage medium at the outlet of the third medium storage tank (the temperature is reduced), and the temperature of the low-temperature heat storage medium after heat exchange is increased and enters the fourth medium storage tank to be stored. In the scheme, the working medium at the outlet of the expansion generating set enters the fifth heat exchanger, exchanges heat with the low-temperature heat storage medium at the outlet of the third medium storage tank, enters the working medium storage device, is discharged by the working medium storage device, enters the compressor set, and then participates in the heat supply and energy storage process again, so that closed circulation is formed, the pollution of the working medium to the environment is reduced, and the working medium cost is saved.
In an alternative technical scheme of the invention, the waste heat provided by the waste heat supply unit is the waste heat of flue gas discharged by boiler combustion.
According to the technical scheme, the waste heat provided by the waste heat supply unit improves the working quality of the working medium in the energy release stage, and improves the utilization rate of the waste heat.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the fluid provided by the fluid supply unit is water.
According to the technical scheme, compression heat compressed by working media can be used for heating water to generate water vapor and the like, and the generated water vapor can drive various mechanical equipment, generate power and heat, so that the efficient utilization of the compression heat is realized.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the compressor unit includes a plurality of compressors, the first heat exchanger unit includes a plurality of first heat exchangers, and the compressors and the first heat exchangers are alternately arranged.
According to the technical scheme, after the working medium is compressed, the working medium is cooled, and then the working medium is further compressed and cooled, so that the compression efficiency can be improved, and the work consumption is greatly reduced; compression heat generated by compression is used for heating fluid, and efficient utilization of the compression heat is achieved. In addition, when the cooled working medium enters the working medium storage device for storage, the storage temperature is reduced, the heat dissipation loss is reduced, the performance requirement on equipment is reduced, and the system cost is saved. The quantity of the compressors and the first heat exchangers can be flexibly adjusted according to requirements by technicians.
In an alternative solution of the present invention, the second heat exchanger group includes a plurality of second heat exchangers, and the expansion power generator group includes a plurality of expansion power generators, and the second heat exchangers and the expansion power generators are alternately arranged.
According to the technical scheme, the multi-stage expansion and interstage heating modes can fully utilize waste heat, low-grade waste heat is converted into high-grade electric energy, and the utilization rate of the waste heat is improved.
The invention also provides an operation method of the compressed air energy storage system for coupling heat supply and waste heat utilization, which comprises the following steps:
And (3) heat supply and energy storage steps: the high-temperature high-pressure working medium at the outlet of the compressor unit exchanges heat with the fluid provided by the fluid supply unit in the first heat exchanger unit, the temperature of the fluid after heat exchange rises, the high-temperature high-pressure working medium after heat exchange is converted into a high-pressure low-temperature working medium, and the high-pressure low-temperature working medium enters the working medium storage device for storage;
And energy release and waste heat utilization steps: the high-pressure low-temperature working medium at the outlet of the working medium storage device exchanges heat in the second heat exchanger group with the waste heat provided by the waste heat supply unit, the temperature of the high-pressure low-temperature working medium after heat exchange is increased to be changed into high-temperature high-pressure working medium, the high-temperature high-pressure working medium enters the expansion generator set to expand and generate electricity, and the waste heat after heat exchange is discharged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a compressed air energy storage system coupled with heat supply and waste heat utilization in a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a compressed air energy storage system coupled with heat supply and waste heat utilization in a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a compressed air energy storage system coupled with heat supply and waste heat utilization in a third embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
A compressor unit 1; a compressor 11; a first heat exchanger 21; a working medium storage device 3; a second heat exchanger 41; an expansion generator 51; a third heat exchanger 6; a first medium reservoir 71; a second medium reservoir 72; a third medium reservoir 81; a fourth media storage tank 82; a fourth heat exchanger 83; a fifth heat exchanger 84.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
< First embodiment >
As shown in fig. 1, a first embodiment of the present invention provides a compressed air energy storage system for coupling heat supply and waste heat utilization, comprising: a compressor unit (including a plurality of compressors 11), a first heat exchanger unit (including a plurality of first heat exchangers 21), a fluid supply unit (not shown in the drawing), a working medium storage device 3, a second heat exchanger unit (including a plurality of second heat exchangers 41), and an expansion generator unit (including a plurality of expansion generators 51). Wherein,
The compressor unit is used for compressing working media; the first heat exchanger group comprises a first working medium heat exchange flow channel and a first fluid heat exchange flow channel, and an inlet of the first working medium heat exchange flow channel is communicated with an outlet of the compressor group; the outlet of the fluid supply unit is communicated with the inlet of the first fluid heat exchange flow channel, and compression heat generated by compressing working media by the compressor unit is used for heating fluid provided by the fluid supply unit; the inlet of the working medium storage device 3 is communicated with the outlet of the first working medium heat exchange flow channel, and the working medium storage device 3 is used for storing working medium at the outlet of the first working medium heat exchange flow channel; the second heat exchanger group comprises a second working medium heat exchange flow channel and a second fluid heat exchange flow channel, and an inlet of the second working medium heat exchange flow channel is communicated with an outlet of the working medium storage device 3; the outlet of the waste heat supply unit is communicated with the inlet of the second fluid heat exchange flow channel, and the waste heat supply unit is used for providing waste heat to heat the working medium entering the second working medium heat exchange flow channel; and the inlet of the expansion generating set is communicated with the outlet of the second working medium heat exchange flow passage.
In this embodiment, the compressor unit compresses the working medium to generate compression heat, the working medium carrying the compression heat at the outlet of the compressor unit exchanges heat with the fluid provided by the fluid supply unit in the first heat exchanger unit, the temperature of the fluid rises after absorbing the compression heat carried by the working medium, high-grade heat supply is realized, the temperature of the working medium after heat exchange falls, the density increases, and the working medium enters the working medium storage device 3 for storage, so that the heat storage temperature is reduced, the performance requirement on the working medium storage device 3 is reduced, and the heat dissipation loss is reduced. The working medium at the outlet of the working medium storage device 3 exchanges heat with the waste heat from the waste heat supply unit in the second heat exchanger group, the temperature of the working medium after heat exchange rises and enters the expansion generator set for expansion power generation, and the utilization rate of the waste heat is improved.
In the embodiment, the compression working medium energy storage system consisting of the compressor unit, the first heat exchanger unit, the working medium storage device 3, the second heat exchanger unit and the expansion generator unit is utilized, and the compression heat generated in the compression stage is used for heating fluid, so that high-grade heat supply is realized, and the heat dissipation loss of the compression heat is reduced. And the working medium before expansion work is heated by utilizing the waste heat, so that the working capacity of the working medium is improved, the reutilization of the waste heat is realized, and the energy waste is reduced.
The embodiment not only realizes high-grade heat supply and waste heat utilization, but also can generate electricity. The generated electric energy can participate in power grid peak regulation, in particular, when electricity is used in low-peak, redundant electric energy can be stored in the working medium storage device 3 by driving the compressor unit to compress working medium and then enter the first heat exchanger group for heat exchange and then be converted into high-pressure internal energy of the working medium; during peak electricity consumption, the stored high-pressure working medium can be used for expansion power generation to meet the power demand.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the compressors 11 are alternately arranged with the first heat exchangers 21, and the number of the first heat exchangers 21 is the same as the number of the compressors 11. After the working medium is compressed, the working medium is cooled and then compressed, so that the compression efficiency can be improved, and the work consumption is greatly reduced; compression heat generated by compression is used for heating fluid, and efficient utilization of the compression heat is achieved. In addition, when the cooled working medium enters the working medium storage device 3 for storage, the storage temperature is reduced, the heat dissipation loss is reduced, the performance requirement on equipment is reduced, and the system cost is saved. The number of the compressors 11 and the first heat exchangers 21 can be flexibly adjusted by a technician according to the requirement of the fluid working medium or the low-valley electricity and the waste electricity, and the embodiment is not limited to this.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the second heat exchangers 41 are alternately arranged with the expansion generators 51. Further, the number of second heat exchangers 41 is the same as the number of expansion generators 51. The waste heat can be fully utilized in the mode of multistage expansion and interstage heating, the low-grade waste heat is converted into high-grade electric energy, and the utilization rate of the waste heat is improved. The technician can flexibly adjust the quantity of the expansion machine 2 and the second heat exchanger 7 according to the peak shaving requirement of the power grid and the residual heat displacement, thereby being beneficial to improving the flexibility, the residual heat utilization rate and the peak shaving capacity of the power grid of the system.
Preferably, the compressed air energy storage system with heat supply and waste heat utilization coupled further comprises a third heat exchanger 6, and the third heat exchanger 6 comprises:
The inlet of the third working medium heat exchange flow channel is communicated with the outlet of the first working medium heat exchange flow channel, and the outlet is communicated with the inlet of the working medium storage device 3;
And the outlet of the third fluid heat exchange flow passage is communicated with the inlet of the first fluid heat exchange flow passage, and the inlet of the third fluid heat exchange flow passage is communicated with the outlet of the fluid supply unit.
Through the mode, the working medium at the outlet of the first working medium heat exchange flow channel enters the third working medium heat exchange flow channel, the temperature of the working medium is reduced after heat exchange with the fluid entering the third fluid heat exchange flow channel, and the working medium is stored in the working medium storage device 3, so that the density of the working medium is increased, the volume of the working medium storage device 3 is reduced, the degradation of a heat storage medium caused by overhigh heat storage temperature can be avoided or relieved, and the cost is saved. The temperature of the fluid provided by the fluid supply unit rises after entering the third fluid heat exchange flow channel for heat exchange, and the fluid enters the first fluid heat exchange flow channel for heat exchange with the high-temperature working medium in the first working medium heat exchange flow channel, so that efficient heat supply is realized. The system provided by the scheme has simple structure and is beneficial to reducing the cost.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the waste heat provided by the waste heat supply unit is the waste heat of flue gas discharged by boiler combustion. The waste heat provided by the waste heat supply unit improves the working quality of working media in the energy release stage, and improves the utilization rate of the waste heat. In some embodiments, the waste heat provided by the waste heat supply unit can be flue gas waste heat of the thermal power generating unit, waste gas waste heat of the coking furnace or other industrial waste heat, the waste heat source flexibility is strong, the waste heat source is not limited in the embodiment, technicians can utilize the waste heat according to actual conditions, the conversion rate and the utilization rate of the waste heat are improved, and energy conservation is facilitated. In some embodiments, the waste heat provided by the waste heat supply unit may be respectively communicated with the second fluid heat exchange flow passages of the plurality of second heat exchangers 41 through a plurality of pipelines.
In the embodiment of the invention, the fluid provided by the fluid supply unit is liquid or gaseous, and when the fluid provided by the fluid supply unit is liquid, the fluid can be liquid water, oil and other liquid substances needing to be heated, and the heated water can be heated to generate water vapor and can be used for driving various mechanical equipment, power generation, heating and the like. When the fluid supplied from the fluid supply unit is in a gaseous state, it may be air, and the air temperature may be adjusted by heating the air, for example, for heating. In some embodiments, the fluid provided by the fluid supply unit may also be a solid, such as thermochemical heat storage particles. The technicians can adjust the type and the phase state of the fluid according to the requirements, so that the high-efficiency utilization of the compression heat is realized, and the specific type of the fluid is not limited in the embodiment. In some embodiments, the fluid provided by the fluid supply unit may be respectively communicated with the first fluid heat exchange channels of the plurality of first heat exchangers 21 through a plurality of pipelines.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the working medium compressed by the compressor 11 is a substance with compression properties, such as air, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, etc., and the type of the working medium is not limited in the embodiment; when the compressed working medium is carbon dioxide, the working medium subjected to heat exchange by the first heat exchanger 21 is liquid carbon dioxide, and the working medium stored in the working medium storage device 3 can be liquid carbon dioxide.
Corresponding to the structure of the compressed air energy storage system with the heat supply and the waste heat utilization coupled, the first embodiment of the invention correspondingly provides an operation method of the compressed air energy storage system with the heat supply and the waste heat utilization coupled, which comprises the following steps:
And (3) heat supply and energy storage steps: the high-temperature high-pressure working medium at the outlet of the compressor unit exchanges heat with the fluid provided by the fluid supply unit in the first heat exchanger unit, the temperature of the fluid after heat exchange rises, and the high-temperature high-pressure working medium after heat exchange is converted into a high-pressure medium-temperature working medium; the high-pressure medium-temperature working medium exchanges heat with the high-temperature heat storage medium from the second medium storage tank 72 in the third heat exchanger 6, the temperature of the high-pressure medium-temperature working medium after heat exchange is reduced to be high-pressure low-temperature working medium, the high-pressure medium-temperature working medium enters the working medium storage device 3 for storage, and the temperature of the high-temperature heat storage medium after heat exchange is reduced to enter the first medium storage tank 71 for storage;
and energy release and waste heat utilization steps: the high-pressure low-temperature working medium at the outlet of the working medium storage device 3 exchanges heat with the high-temperature heat storage medium at the outlet of the first medium storage tank 72 in the third heat exchanger 6, the temperature of the high-pressure low-temperature working medium after heat exchange rises to be high-pressure medium-temperature working medium, and the temperature of the high-temperature heat storage medium after heat exchange is reduced to enter the second medium storage tank 72 for storage.
The high-pressure medium-temperature working medium at the outlet of the third heat exchanger 6 exchanges heat with the waste heat provided by the waste heat supply unit in the second heat exchanger group, the temperature of the high-pressure medium-temperature working medium after heat exchange is increased and converted into high-temperature high-pressure working medium, the high-temperature high-pressure working medium enters the expansion generator set to be expanded for power generation, and the waste heat after heat exchange is discharged.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the high pressure, the low pressure, the high temperature, the medium temperature and the low temperature are relative concepts, which means that the pressure is increased (i.e., the high pressure) or decreased (i.e., the low pressure), and the temperature of the working medium is increased (i.e., the medium temperature or the high temperature working medium), decreased (i.e., the medium temperature working medium), and further decreased (i.e., the low temperature working medium). In some embodiments, the temperature of the working medium is increased, which can be understood as a high-temperature working medium, and the temperature of the working medium is reduced, which can be understood as a low-temperature working medium. The specific ranges of the pressure and the temperature of the working medium are not limited in this embodiment.
< Second embodiment >
As shown in fig. 2, a second embodiment of the present invention provides a compressed air energy storage system with heat supply and waste heat utilization coupled, which is different from the first embodiment in that the system further includes:
in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, further comprising:
A first medium storage tank 71 for storing a high-temperature heat storage medium;
a second medium storage tank 72 for storing a low-temperature heat storage medium;
The third heat exchanger 6 includes:
One end of the third working medium heat exchange flow channel is communicated with the outlet of the first working medium heat exchange flow channel, and the other end of the third working medium heat exchange flow channel is communicated with the working medium storage device 3; the third working medium heat exchange flow passage is communicated with an inlet of the second heat exchanger group;
the third fluid heat exchange flow passage is respectively communicated with the first medium storage tank 71 and the second medium storage tank 72 at two ends.
In the above manner, in the heating and energy storage process, the working medium at the outlet of the first working medium heat exchange flow channel enters the third working medium heat exchange flow channel, exchanges heat with the low-temperature heat storage medium at the outlet of the second medium storage tank 72, and then the temperature drops to enter the working medium storage device 3 for storage; the low-temperature heat storage medium at the outlet of the second medium storage tank 72 is heated and then enters the first medium storage tank 71 for storage. In the process of energy release and waste heat utilization, the working medium at the outlet of the working medium storage device 3 enters a third working medium heat exchange flow channel, exchanges heat with the high-temperature heat storage medium at the outlet of the first medium storage tank 71, increases in temperature, and enters a second working medium heat exchange flow channel of the second heat exchanger group. The first medium storage tank 71 and the second medium storage tank 72 are arranged, so that heat exchange can be conveniently performed on working media entering or exiting the working medium storage device 3, the working media are stored after being cooled, the storage density is increased, the volume of the working medium storage device 3 is saved, or the working media enter the second heat exchanger 41 after being heated after exiting, the recycling of energy is realized, and the working quality is also facilitated to be improved. In addition, the fluid provided by the fluid supply unit directly enters the first heat exchanger group to exchange heat with the compression heat, so that a heat supply path is shortened, and a heat supply pipeline is simplified.
In this embodiment, the type of the high-temperature heat storage medium and the low-temperature heat storage medium may be water or other fluids having heat conduction properties, and water has the advantages of low cost and strong versatility as the heat storage medium.
The following describes an operation method of the compressed air energy storage system with heat supply and waste heat utilization coupling in the second embodiment of the present invention in detail by using an example.
As shown in fig. 2, taking air as a working medium for example, in the heating and energy storage process:
The air at normal temperature and pressure enters the compressor 11 to be compressed to obtain high-temperature and high-pressure air at about 360 ℃, the high-temperature and high-pressure air at 360 ℃ exchanges heat with hot water at about 80 ℃ provided by the fluid supply unit in the first heat exchanger 21, the water after the heat exchange is converted into water vapor at 350 ℃, the temperature of the air after the heat exchange is reduced to about 90 ℃ (high-pressure medium temperature) and enters the next-stage compressor 11, and the compression and heat exchange processes are repeated. In some embodiments, the temperature of the working fluid at the outlet of the compressor 11 is limited to the outlet temperature of the compressor 11 (the current outlet temperature of the compressor 11 is 360 ℃ at the highest), and the temperature of the working fluid at the outlet of the compressor 11 is around 360 ℃.
The air with the temperature of about 90 ℃ at the outlet of the final-stage first heat exchanger 21 enters the third heat exchanger 6 and exchanges heat with the low-temperature heat storage medium at the outlet of the second medium storage tank 72, the temperature of the air after heat exchange is reduced to about 45 ℃ (high-pressure low-temperature) and enters the working medium storage device 3 for storage, and the fluid with the temperature rising after heat exchange enters the first medium storage tank 71 for storage.
In the energy release and waste heat utilization process:
the high-pressure low-temperature air with the temperature of about 45 ℃ at the outlet of the working medium storage device 3 enters the third heat exchanger 6, exchanges heat with the high-temperature heat storage medium at the outlet of the first medium storage tank 71, and then the temperature of the high-temperature heat storage medium after heat exchange is reduced to enter the second medium storage tank 72 for storage, and the temperature of the air after heat exchange is increased to about 70 ℃ (high-pressure medium temperature).
The air after temperature rising enters the second heat exchanger 41 to exchange heat with the waste heat of about 120 ℃ provided by the waste heat supply unit, the temperature of the waste heat after heat exchange is reduced to about 80 ℃, the temperature of the air after heat exchange is increased to about 110 ℃ and enters the expansion generator 51 to expand and generate electricity, the temperature of the air after expansion and generation is reduced to be converted into low-temperature low-pressure air, the air enters the next-stage second heat exchanger 41, the heat exchange and expansion working procedures are repeated, and the working medium after the final expansion working is discharged into the atmosphere.
< Third embodiment >
As shown in fig. 3, a third embodiment of the present invention provides a compressed air energy storage system with heat supply and waste heat utilization coupled, which is different from the second embodiment in that the system further includes:
a third medium storage tank 81 for storing a low-temperature heat storage medium;
a fourth medium storage tank 82 for storing medium temperature heat storage medium;
the fourth heat exchanger 83 comprises a fourth working medium heat exchange flow channel and a fourth fluid heat exchange flow channel, and two ends of the fourth working medium heat exchange flow channel are respectively communicated with an outlet of the working medium storage device 3 and an inlet of the compressor unit; two ends of the fourth fluid heat exchange flow channel are respectively communicated with a third medium storage tank 81 and a fourth medium storage tank 82;
the fifth heat exchanger 84 comprises a fifth working medium heat exchange flow passage and a fifth fluid heat exchange flow passage, wherein two ends of the fifth working medium heat exchange flow passage are respectively communicated with an outlet of the expansion generating set and an inlet of the working medium storage device 3, an inlet of the fifth fluid heat exchange flow passage is communicated with an outlet of the third medium storage tank 81, and an outlet of the fifth fluid heat exchange flow passage is communicated with an inlet of the fourth medium storage tank 82.
In the above manner, in the heating and energy storage process, the high-pressure low-temperature working medium at the outlet of the working medium storage device 3 enters the fourth working medium heat exchange flow channel, exchanges heat with the medium-temperature heat storage medium from the outlet of the fourth medium storage tank 82, then increases the temperature, and the working medium after the temperature increase enters the compression unit for compression, the first heat exchanger group for cooling and the third heat exchanger 6 for heat exchange and then enters the working medium storage device 3 for storage. In the energy release and waste heat utilization process, the working medium at the outlet of the working medium storage device 3 enters the second heat exchanger group for heat exchange after heat exchange, and enters the fifth heat exchanger 84 for heat exchange with the low-temperature heat storage medium at the outlet of the third medium storage tank 81 (temperature reduction) after expansion of the expansion generator group, and then enters the working medium storage device 3, and the temperature of the low-temperature heat storage medium after heat exchange rises and enters the fourth medium storage tank 82 for storage.
In this embodiment, the working medium at the outlet of the expansion generator set enters the fifth heat exchanger 84, exchanges heat with the low-temperature heat storage medium at the outlet of the third medium storage tank 81, then enters the working medium storage device 3, is discharged by the working medium storage device 3, enters the compressor set, and then participates in the heat supply and energy storage process again, so as to form a closed cycle, reduce the pollution of the working medium to the environment, and facilitate the saving of the working medium cost.
Corresponding to the third embodiment of the invention, there is correspondingly provided a method for operating a compressed air energy storage system with heat supply and waste heat utilization coupling, which is different from the second embodiment in that the method further comprises:
The high-pressure low-temperature working medium at the outlet of the working medium storage device 3 exchanges heat with the medium-temperature heat storage medium at the outlet of the fourth medium storage tank 82 in the fourth heat exchanger 83, and the high-pressure low-temperature working medium after heat exchange is converted into high-temperature high-pressure working medium and enters the compressor unit; the medium-temperature heat storage medium after heat exchange enters a fourth medium storage tank 82 for storage;
The low-temperature low-pressure working medium at the outlet of the expansion generator set exchanges heat with the low-temperature heat storage medium at the outlet of the third medium storage tank 82 in the fifth heat exchanger 84, the temperature of the low-temperature heat storage medium after heat exchange rises and enters the fourth medium storage tank 82, and the temperature of the low-temperature low-pressure working medium after heat exchange falls and enters the working medium storage device 3.
It should be noted that, although three embodiments are illustrated in this embodiment, those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiments may be combined with each other to form different structures, and the disclosure is not repeated here.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A compressed air energy storage system for coupling heat supply and waste heat utilization, comprising:
the compressor unit is used for compressing working media;
The first heat exchanger group comprises a first working medium heat exchange flow channel and a first fluid heat exchange flow channel, and an inlet of the first working medium heat exchange flow channel is communicated with an outlet of the compressor group;
The fluid supply unit is communicated with the inlet of the first fluid heat exchange flow channel, and compression heat generated by the compression of the working medium by the compressor unit is used for heating fluid provided by the fluid supply unit;
The inlet of the working medium storage device is communicated with the outlet of the first working medium heat exchange flow channel and is used for storing working medium at the outlet of the first working medium heat exchange flow channel;
The second heat exchanger group comprises a second working medium heat exchange flow channel and a second fluid heat exchange flow channel, and an inlet of the second working medium heat exchange flow channel is communicated with an outlet of the working medium storage device;
the outlet of the waste heat supply unit is communicated with the inlet of the second fluid heat exchange flow channel, and the waste heat supply unit is used for providing waste heat to heat working media entering the second working medium heat exchange flow channel;
The inlet of the expansion generator set is communicated with the outlet of the second working medium heat exchange flow channel;
the third medium storage tank is used for storing low-temperature heat storage medium;
a fourth medium storage tank for storing medium-temperature heat storage medium;
the fourth heat exchanger comprises a fourth working medium heat exchange flow passage and a fourth fluid heat exchange flow passage, and two ends of the fourth working medium heat exchange flow passage are respectively communicated with an outlet of the working medium storage device and an inlet of the compressor unit; two ends of the fourth fluid heat exchange flow channel are respectively communicated with the third medium storage tank and the fourth medium storage tank;
The fifth heat exchanger comprises a fifth working medium heat exchange flow passage and a fifth fluid heat exchange flow passage, two ends of the fifth working medium heat exchange flow passage are respectively communicated with an outlet of the expansion generator set and an inlet of the working medium storage device, an inlet of the fifth fluid heat exchange flow passage is communicated with an outlet of the third medium storage tank, and an outlet of the fifth fluid heat exchange flow passage is communicated with an inlet of the fourth medium storage tank.
2. The coupled heat and waste heat recovery compressed air energy storage system of claim 1, further comprising a third heat exchanger, the third heat exchanger comprising:
The inlet of the third working medium heat exchange flow channel is communicated with the outlet of the first working medium heat exchange flow channel, and the outlet of the third working medium heat exchange flow channel is communicated with the inlet of the working medium storage device;
and the outlet of the third fluid heat exchange flow passage is communicated with the inlet of the first fluid heat exchange flow passage, and the inlet of the third fluid heat exchange flow passage is communicated with the outlet of the fluid supply unit.
3. The coupled heat and waste heat recovery compressed air energy storage system of claim 1, further comprising:
The first medium storage tank is used for storing high-temperature heat storage medium;
the second medium storage tank is used for storing low-temperature heat storage medium;
a third heat exchanger comprising:
one end of the third working medium heat exchange flow channel is communicated with the outlet of the first working medium heat exchange flow channel, and the other end of the third working medium heat exchange flow channel is communicated with the working medium storage device; the third working medium heat exchange flow channel is communicated with the inlet of the second working medium heat exchange flow channel;
and two ends of the third fluid heat exchange flow passage are respectively communicated with the first medium storage tank and the second medium storage tank.
4. A heat supply and waste heat utilization coupled puffer energy storage system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the waste heat provided by the waste heat supply unit is industrial waste heat.
5. The coupled heat and waste heat recovery pressurized air energy storage system of claim 4, wherein the fluid provided by the fluid supply unit is in a gaseous, liquid or solid state.
6. The coupled heat and waste heat recovery system of claim 5, wherein the compressor train comprises a plurality of compressors and the first heat exchanger train comprises a plurality of first heat exchangers, the compressors alternating with the first heat exchangers.
7. The coupled heat and waste heat recovery system of claim 5, wherein the second heat exchanger set comprises a plurality of second heat exchangers, the expansion generator set comprises a plurality of expansion generators, and the second heat exchangers alternate with the expansion generators.
8. A method of operating a heat and waste heat coupled pressurized gas energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
and (3) heat supply and energy storage steps: the high-temperature high-pressure working medium at the outlet of the compressor unit exchanges heat with the fluid provided by the fluid supply unit in the first heat exchanger unit, the temperature of the fluid after heat exchange rises, the high-temperature high-pressure working medium after heat exchange is converted into a high-pressure low-temperature working medium, and the high-pressure low-temperature working medium enters the working medium storage device for storage;
And energy release and waste heat utilization steps: the high-pressure low-temperature working medium at the outlet of the working medium storage device exchanges heat with the waste heat provided by the waste heat supply unit in the second heat exchanger group, the temperature of the high-pressure low-temperature working medium after heat exchange is increased to be changed into a high-temperature high-pressure working medium, the high-temperature high-pressure working medium enters the expansion generator set to be expanded for power generation, and the waste heat after heat exchange is discharged.
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