CN117966722A

CN117966722A - Anchor pile and pile forming process for sea construction ship

Info

Publication number: CN117966722A
Application number: CN202410082988.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨建标; 王万里; 花长俊; 杨跃; 万友; 武小强
Original assignee: Jiangsu Provincial Institute Of Hydrogeology And Engineering Geology
Current assignee: Jiangsu Provincial Institute Of Hydrogeology And Engineering Geology
Priority date: 2024-01-19
Filing date: 2024-01-19
Publication date: 2024-05-03

Abstract

The invention discloses an anchor pile of a sea construction ship and a pile forming process, wherein the anchor pile comprises a pile body, the bottom end of the pile body is connected with a pile tip, the top end of the pile body is connected with a loop bar, and a reserved groove a is formed in the loop bar; two lug seats are connected above the pile body, and two counterforce retaining plates are connected below the pile body; the heavy hammer comprises a hammer body, the top end of the hammer body is connected with a joint, and the outer wall of the hammer body is connected with a counterweight rod; the guide rod penetrates into the hammer body through the guide hole, and the top end of the guide rod is connected with a piston; the bottom end of the guide rod is connected with a sleeve pipe matched with the sleeve rod, and a reserved groove b is arranged on the sleeve pipe; the two ends of the recovery cable are respectively connected to the two retaining plates after penetrating through the reserved groove a and the reserved groove b, then extending into the pile body and penetrating out of the reserved hole; two ends of the mooring rope are respectively connected to the two ear seats. The anchor pile type ship exploration device effectively solves the problem that an exploration ship cannot be fixed by adopting an anchor pile mode, and has the advantages of low cost, strong operability, wider application range, recyclability and the like.

Description

Sea area construction ship anchoring pile and pile forming process

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of marine exploration, in particular to an anchor pile of a sea construction ship and a pile forming process.

Background

In general, the stability of an offshore survey construction vessel is a prerequisite for offshore drilling construction operations, while the stability of the construction vessel is affected by weather, tides, storms, waves, underwater formations and the subsea environment within the construction sea.

The anchoring of construction vessels in most sea areas is achieved by means of vessel anchors. In most sea areas, the anchor can be anchored in various modes as long as the anchor holding power allows. However, in special sea areas (such as the side convolution area of the inland river entering the sea), the tide is complex, the wind wave is large, the water is rapid, the underwater suspended garbage is thick, the main garbage is plastic products, knitting, chemical fiber old clothes and the like, the anchor teeth of the grab anchor cannot completely enter the seabed substrate soil layer, the anchor can be moved along with the increasing amount of garbage wound on the anchor teeth, the fixing time of a construction platform cannot ensure a drilling operation period, and the gravity anchor is also. If larger and heavier anchor operation areas are adopted, enough anchor lifting ships and lifting equipment cannot be provided, such as the second-generation wharf extension project of the Francisco of the Seria, the weight of the anchors is increased for a plurality of times during the early investigation, one operation drilling hole cannot be completed by increasing the number of the anchors, and the drilling operation and the construction period are seriously affected.

Therefore, in the case where the conventional anchor fixing method is not applicable, it is necessary to search for a method of fixing a construction vessel in a specific sea area.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an anchor pile of a sea construction ship and a pile forming process, which effectively solve the problem that an exploration ship cannot be fixed by adopting an anchor pile mode, and have the advantages of low cost, strong operability, wider application range, recycling and the like, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

An anchor pile of a sea construction ship comprises an anchor pile, a heavy hammer, a recovery cable and a mooring cable;

The anchor pile comprises a pile body, wherein the pile body is of a hollow steel pipe structure, the bottom end of the pile body is connected with a spike-shaped pile tip, the top end of the pile body is connected with a sleeve rod, and a reserved groove a is formed in the sleeve rod; two lug seats are connected above the pile body, two counterforce retaining plates are connected below the pile body, and two preformed holes are formed in the pile body above the counterforce retaining plates;

the heavy hammer comprises a hammer body which is of a hollow steel pipe structure, the top end of the hammer body is connected with a joint, and the outer wall of the hammer body is connected with a counterweight rod; the bottom of the hammer body is provided with a guide hole, a guide rod penetrates into the hammer body through the guide hole, and the top end of the guide rod is connected with a piston; the bottom end of the guide rod is connected with a sleeve pipe matched with the sleeve rod, and a reserved groove b is arranged on the sleeve pipe;

the two ends of the recovery cable are respectively connected to the two retaining plates after penetrating through the reserved groove a and the reserved groove b, then extending into the pile body and penetrating out of the reserved hole;

Two ends of the mooring rope are respectively connected to the two ear seats.

The invention further adopts the scheme that the counterforce baffle is symmetrically arranged on the outer wall of the pile body, the bottom end of the counterforce baffle is connected with the pile body through a steel loose-leaf, the outer side of the pile body is connected with a triangular wedge body for limiting the counterforce baffle, and the upper end of the counterforce baffle and the axis of the pile body rotate up and down within the range of 0-60 degrees.

According to the invention, the top end of the counter-force baffle is connected with the pull lugs, and two ends of the recovery cable are respectively connected to the two pull lugs.

The invention further adopts the scheme that the counterweight rods are solid steel pipes, and each counterweight rod is provided with three groups which are arranged up and down at equal intervals, and each group is provided with four counterweight rods.

According to the invention, each group of four weight rods are distributed in an annular array along the axis of the hammer body.

According to the invention, the number of the pistons is two, the pistons are arranged up and down, the steel pistons are in sliding fit with the inner wall of the guide hole, and the bottom end of the hammer body is connected with a baffle for preventing the pistons from falling off.

The invention further adopts the scheme that the hammer bodies at the upper end and the lower end of the counterweight rod are provided with drainage grooves.

According to a further scheme, the recovery cable and the mooring cable are both steel wire ropes.

A pile forming process, which uses the sea construction ship anchoring pile, comprises the following steps:

s1: before piling, a recovery cable and a mooring cable are installed, and the recovery cable and the mooring cable are required to be marked so as to be convenient for operators to distinguish; two ends of the recovery cable penetrate through the top ends of the anchor piles and are respectively fixedly connected to the two pull lugs after penetrating out of the two reserved holes; two ends of the mooring rope are fixedly connected to the two ear seats.

S2: and closing the counterforce baffle on the anchor pile, and wrapping the counterforce baffle on the outer wall of the anchor pile by using an adhesive tape to prevent the counterforce baffle from opening when the anchor pile is launched.

S3: the construction ship is driven to a preset anchor position by utilizing a GPS positioning system, after the construction ship is temporarily fixed, a sleeve rod at the top end of an anchor pile is inserted into a sleeve pipe at the bottom end of a heavy hammer, and is wrapped by an adhesive tape to prevent the anchor pile from falling off from the bottom end of the heavy hammer, and a reserved groove a is flush with a reserved groove b during connection and is used for a recovery cable to pass through, and the recovery cable is tied on a buoy and thrown into the sea; the joint at the top end of the heavy hammer is in threaded fit with a 42mm drill rod, and the anchor pile and the heavy hammer are sequentially lowered by a drilling machine, and the drill rod is 3m above a platform.

S4: and continuously dragging the heavy hammer up and down by using a winch of the drilling machine to knock the anchor pile, and driving the anchor pile into the soil until the whole pile body is completely immersed into the seabed soil layer.

S5: after the anchor pile is formed, the drilling machine recovers the drill rod, the sleeve at the bottom end of the heavy hammer is separated from the sleeve rod at the top end of the anchor pile, and the heavy hammer is recovered; the mooring rope and the construction ship anchor winch are connected through a steel wire rope, the anchor winch is utilized to drag the anchor pile, a soil retaining plate on the anchor pile is automatically opened under the action of external force, and a counterforce system is formed by the anchor pile and the pile body, so that enough counterforce is provided for a mooring rope of the construction ship; and after the towing anchor pile is finished, connecting the mooring rope with the buoy where the retrieving rope is positioned.

S6: and piling the anchor piles in the other three directions in turn in the same manner.

S7: the construction ship is connected with the front anchor pile, the rear anchor pile, the left anchor pile and the right anchor pile, the lengths of the four azimuth cables are adjusted through the front anchor machine, the rear anchor machine, the left anchor machine and the right anchor machine on the ship, the construction ship is moved to a construction hole site, the four azimuth cables are respectively connected with the four mooring cables, and the construction can be started after the cables are tightly twisted and fixed.

S8: after the drilling construction is finished, the mooring ropes in four directions are unwound from the mooring ropes; and (3) driving the construction ship to the upper part of the anchor pile, connecting a recovery cable by using a reamed anchor machine, pulling the anchor pile upwards to recover, closing the retaining plate under the action of the recovery cable, reducing the reaction action of the anchor pile, and pulling out the anchor pile under the dragging of the reamed anchor machine to recover smoothly.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

The anchor pile and the piling process of the sea construction ship effectively solve the problem that an exploration ship cannot be fixed by adopting an anchor pile mode, have the advantages of low cost, strong operability, recycling and the like, have wider application range, have obvious superiority in the sea areas with more soil, soft clay and seabed garbage and river and lake water areas of similar environments, have the maximum water depth of 40m, are particularly suitable for continuous slow anchor water area walking of a traditional anchor operation platform, especially for pier investigation construction, and can continuously operate four piles to form multiple holes.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a front cross-sectional view of an anchor pile of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a partial view of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a side view of the anchor pile of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a top view of the soil guard plate of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a front sectional view of the weight according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a side view of the weight according to the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the working state of the anchor pile according to the present invention.

In the figure: 1-anchor pile, 101-pile body, 102-pile tip, 103-loop bar, 104-reserved groove a, 105-ear seat, 106-counter force retaining plate, 107-reserved hole, 108-steel loose-leaf, 109-triangular wedge, 110-pull lug, 2-heavy hammer, 201-hammer body, 202-joint, 203-counterweight rod, 204-guide hole, 205-guide rod, 206-piston, 207-sleeve, 208-reserved groove b, 209-baffle, 210-drainage groove, 3-recovery cable and 4-mooring cable.

Detailed Description

The invention is further elucidated below in connection with the drawings and the specific embodiments.

Example 1: as shown in fig. 1 to 7, an anchor pile for a marine construction ship comprises an anchor pile 1, a weight 2, a recovery cable 3 and a mooring cable 4.

The total length of the anchor pile 1 is 3400mm, the anchor pile comprises a pile body 101, the pile body 101 is of a hollow thick-wall steel pipe structure with the diameter of 110mm, the bottom end of the pile body 101 is connected with a spike-shaped pile tip 102, the top end of the pile body 101 is connected with a sleeve rod 103 with the length of 200mm and the diameter of 70mm, and a reserved groove a104 is formed in the sleeve rod 103; two lugs 105 are connected to 1/3 of the position below the top end of the pile body 101, two ends of the mooring rope 4 are respectively connected to the two lugs 105, two reaction soil retaining plates 106 with the width of 90mm are connected to the position, which is 101650mm, of the pile body above the pile tip 102, and two reserved holes 107 are formed in the pile body 101 above the reaction soil retaining plates 106.

The counter-force baffle 209 sets up at pile body 101 outer wall symmetry, and counter-force baffle 209 bottom passes through steel loose-leaf 108 with pile body 101 to be connected, and the pile body 101 outside is connected with the triangle wedge 109 that is used for spacing counter-force baffle 209, and counter-force baffle 209 upper end and pile body 101 axis are at 0 ~ 60 within range rotation from top to bottom.

The top end of the reaction force baffle 209 is connected with the pull lugs 110, and both ends of the recovery cable 3 are respectively connected to the two pull lugs 110.

The heavy hammer 2 comprises a hammer body 201, wherein the hammer body 201 is a hollow thick-wall steel pipe with the diameter of 146mm and the length of 4000mm, the top end of the hammer body 201 is connected with a joint 202, and the outer wall of the hammer body 201 is connected with a counterweight rod 203; the bottom of the hammer body 201 is provided with a guide hole 204, a guide rod 205 penetrates into the hammer body 201 through the guide hole 204, and the top end of the guide rod 205 is connected with a piston 206; the bottom end of the guide rod 205 is connected with a sleeve 207 with the diameter of 75mm and the length of 220mm which is matched with the loop bar 103, and a reserved groove b208 is arranged on the sleeve 207.

The recovery cable 3 passes through the reserved groove a104 and the reserved groove b208, then stretches into the pile body 101 and passes out of the reserved hole 107, and two ends of the recovery cable 3 are respectively connected to the two retaining plates.

The weight rods 203 are solid steel pipes with the diameter of 60mm and the length of 800mm, the weight rods 203 are three groups which are arranged at equal intervals up and down, four weight rods 203 are arranged in an annular array along the axis of the hammer body 201, and the hammer body 201 at the upper end and the lower end of the weight rods 203 is provided with 40 multiplied by 350mm drainage grooves 210.

The number of the pistons 206 is two, the diameter of the pistons 206 is 135mm, the distance between the pistons 206 is 250mm, the steel pistons 206 are in sliding fit with the inner wall of the guide holes 204, and the bottom end of the hammer body 201 is connected with a baffle 209 for preventing the pistons 206 from falling off.

Both the recovery cable 3 and the mooring cable 4 are steel wires of 28 mm.

S1: before piling, the recovery cable 3 and the mooring cable 4 are installed, and the recovery cable 3 and the mooring cable 4 need to be marked so as to be convenient for operators to distinguish; two ends of the recovery cable 3 penetrate through the top end of the anchor pile 1 and respectively penetrate out of the two reserved holes 107, and then the two ends of the recovery cable 3 are respectively fixedly connected to the two pull lugs 110; the two ends of the mooring rope 4 are fixedly connected to the two lugs 105.

S2: the counterforce baffle 209 on the anchor pile 1 is closed, and the counterforce baffle is wrapped on the outer wall of the anchor pile 1 by using adhesive tape to prevent the anchor pile from opening when the anchor pile is launched.

S3: the construction ship is driven to a preset anchor position by a GPS positioning system, after the construction ship is temporarily fixed, a sleeve rod 103 at the top end of an anchor pile 1 is inserted into a sleeve 207 at the bottom end of a heavy hammer 2, and is wrapped by an adhesive tape to prevent the anchor pile 1 from falling off from the bottom end of the heavy hammer 2, and a reserved groove a104 is flush with a reserved groove b208 when the construction ship is connected, so that a recovery cable 3 passes through, and a buoy on the recovery cable 3 is thrown into the sea; the joint 202 at the top end of the heavy hammer 2 is in threaded fit with a 42mm drill rod, the anchor pile 1 and the heavy hammer 2 are sequentially lowered by a drilling machine, and the drill rod is 3m above a platform.

S4: the windlass of the drilling machine is utilized to continuously drag the heavy hammer 2 up and down back and forth to strike the anchor pile 1, and the anchor pile 1 is driven into the soil until the whole pile body 101 is completely immersed into the seabed layer.

S5: after the anchor pile 1 is formed, the drilling machine recovers the drill rod, the sleeve 207 at the bottom end of the heavy hammer 2 is separated from the sleeve rod 103 at the top end of the anchor pile 1, and the heavy hammer 2 is recovered; the mooring rope 4 and the construction ship anchor winch are connected through a steel wire rope, the anchor winch is utilized to drag the anchor pile 1, a soil retaining plate on the anchor pile 1 is automatically opened under the action of external force, and a counterforce system is formed by the soil retaining plate and the pile body 101, so that enough counterforce is provided for a mooring rope of the construction ship; after the end of the tie-back anchor pile 1, the mooring line 4 is connected with the buoy where the recovery line 3 is located.

S6: the anchor piles 1 of the other three orientations are piled in turn in the same manner as described above.

S7: the construction ship is connected with the front anchor pile 1, the rear anchor pile 1, the left anchor pile 1 and the right anchor pile 1, the lengths of the four cables in the directions are adjusted through the front anchor winch, the rear anchor winch, the left anchor winch and the right anchor winch on the ship, the construction ship is moved to a construction hole site, the cables in the directions are respectively connected with the four mooring cables 4, and the construction can be started after the cables are tightly twisted and fixed.

S8: after the drilling construction is finished, the mooring ropes in four directions are unwound from the mooring ropes 4; and (3) driving the construction ship to the upper part of the anchor pile 1, connecting the anchor pile 1 with a reaping cable 3 by using a reaping machine, pulling the anchor pile 1 upwards to carry out drawing back, closing the retaining plate under the action of the reaping cable 3, reducing the counterforce of the anchor pile 1, and pulling out the anchor pile 1 under the dragging of the reaping machine to carry out smooth recovery.

In the embodiment, the anchor pile 1 effectively solves the problem that the engineering survey ship cannot be fixed in the second-generation wharf extension of the Francisco of the Seildon, and ensures the smooth completion of projects. The anchor pile 1 technology has the advantages of low cost, strong operability, wide application range, recycling and the like, and particularly has obvious advantages in the sea area with complex submarine environment and thick underwater suspended garbage, especially in the exploration construction of wharfs, and four piles can be continuously operated and are porous.

The tonnage of a construction ship used in the second-generation wharf extension project of the friendship in the second republic of sorgo is about 200 tons, the construction area is located in a near-shore area of the east coast of the atlantic ocean, the maximum water depth is 32m, the four anchor piles 1 are adopted to fix the ship, the construction ship can be firmly fixed, the anchor running condition does not occur in the construction process of nearly 3 months, the reliability of the anchor piles 1 is verified, and the counterforce provided by the anchor piles 1 is also indicated to meet the anchoring requirement of the large-tonnage ship.

The recovery cable 3 and the mooring cable 4 are both made of 28mm steel wire ropes, and because the strength of the mooring cable 4 and the counterforce provided by the anchor piles 1 are relatively large, the distances between anchor positions are relatively wide, and after the four anchor piles 1 are piled, six exploration points in the surrounding area of the anchor piles 1 can be positioned and fixed only by adjusting the relative lengths of four ropes in the front, back, left and right directions on the construction ship, so that the anchoring positioning time is greatly saved, and the construction cost is effectively saved.

The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present invention and to implement the same, not to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An anchor pile for a marine construction vessel, characterized in that it comprises an anchor pile (1), a weight (2), a recovery cable (3) and a mooring cable (4);

The anchor pile (1) comprises a pile body (101), the pile body (101) is a hollow steel pipe structure, the bottom end of the pile body (101) is connected to a spike-shaped pile tip (102), the top end of the pile body (101) is connected to a sleeve rod (103), and the sleeve rod (103) is provided with a reserved groove a (104); two ear seats (105) are connected to the top of the pile body (101), two reaction retaining plates (106) are connected to the bottom of the pile body (101), and two reserved holes (107) are provided on the pile body (101) above the reaction retaining plates (106);

The heavy hammer (2) comprises a hammer body (201), the hammer body (201) is a hollow steel pipe structure, the top end of the hammer body (201) is connected to a joint (202), and the outer wall of the hammer body (201) is connected to a counterweight rod (203); a guide hole (204) is provided at the bottom of the hammer body (201), a guide rod (205) penetrates into the inside of the hammer body (201) through the guide hole (204), and a piston (206) is connected to the top end of the guide rod (205); a sleeve (207) adapted to the sleeve rod (103) is connected to the bottom end of the guide rod (205), and a reserved groove b (208) is provided on the sleeve (207);

The recovery cable (3) passes through the reserved groove a (104) and the reserved groove b (208), extends into the pile body (101), and passes through the reserved hole (107), and then the two ends of the recovery cable (3) are respectively connected to the two retaining plates;

Both ends of the mooring cable (4) are respectively connected to two ear seats (105).

2. An anchor pile for a sea construction ship as described in claim 1, characterized in that: the reaction baffle (209) is symmetrically arranged on the outer wall of the pile body (101), the bottom end of the reaction baffle (209) is connected to the pile body (101) through a steel hinge (108), and a triangular wedge (109) for limiting the reaction baffle (209) is connected to the outer side of the pile body (101), and the upper end of the reaction baffle (209) rotates up and down within the range of 0° to 60° with the axis of the pile body (101).

3. An anchor pile for a marine construction vessel as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: a pull ear (110) is connected to the top of the reaction baffle (209), and both ends of the recovery cable (3) are respectively connected to the two pull ears (110).

4. An anchor pile for a marine construction vessel as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the counterweight rod (203) is a solid steel pipe, and the counterweight rods (203) are arranged in three groups equidistantly up and down, with four rods in each group.

5. An anchor pile for a marine construction vessel as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: each group of four counterweight rods (203) are arranged in a circular array along the axis of the hammer body (201).

6. An anchor pile for a marine construction ship as described in claim 4, characterized in that: the piston (206) is provided in two pieces up and down, the steel piston (206) is slidably fitted in the inner wall of the guide hole (204), and the bottom end of the hammer body (201) is connected with a baffle (209) to prevent the piston (206) from falling off.

7. An anchor pile for a marine construction vessel as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that drainage grooves (210) are provided on the hammer body (201) at the upper and lower ends of the counterweight rod (203).

8. An anchor pile for a marine construction vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the recovery cable (3) and the mooring cable (4) are both steel wire ropes.

9. A pile-forming process, using a marine construction vessel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 to anchor piles, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

S1: Before pile construction, the recovery cable (3) and the mooring cable (4) are installed. The recovery cable (3) and the mooring cable (4) need to be marked so that the operators can distinguish them. The two ends of the recovery cable (3) are inserted from the top of the anchor pile (1) and respectively pass through the two reserved holes (107). The two ends of the recovery cable (3) are respectively fixed to the two pulling ears (110); the two ends of the mooring cable (4) are fixed to the two ear seats (105);

S2: Close the reaction baffle (209) on the anchor pile (1) and wrap it around the outer wall of the anchor pile (1) with tape to prevent it from opening when launching;

S3: Use the GPS positioning system to drive the construction vessel to the preset anchor position. After temporarily fixing it, insert the sleeve rod (103) at the top of the anchor pile (1) into the sleeve (207) at the bottom of the weight (2), and wrap it with tape to prevent the anchor pile (1) from falling off from the bottom of the weight (2). When connected, the reserved groove a (104) is flush with the reserved groove b (208) for the recovery cable (3) to pass through. The recovery cable (3) is tied to the buoy and thrown into the sea; the joint (202) at the top of the weight (2) is threaded to fit the 42 mm drill rod, and the anchor pile (1) and the weight (2) are lowered in turn by using a drilling rig, and the drill rod is about 3 m above the platform;

S4: using the winch of the drilling rig to continuously drag the heavy hammer (2) up and down to strike the anchor pile (1), thereby driving the anchor pile (1) into the soil until the entire pile body (101) is completely submerged in the seabed soil layer;

S5: After the anchor pile (1) is formed, the drilling rig recovers the drill rod, the casing (207) at the bottom end of the weight (2) is separated from the casing rod (103) at the top end of the anchor pile (1), and the weight (2) is recovered; the mooring cable (4) and the anchor winch of the construction ship are connected by a steel wire rope, and the anchor pile (1) is towed back by the anchor winch. The retaining plate on the anchor pile (1) is automatically opened under the action of external force, and together with the pile body (101), a reaction force system is formed to provide sufficient reaction force for the cable of the construction ship; after the anchor pile (1) is towed back, the mooring cable (4) is connected to the buoy where the recovery cable (3) is located;

S6: Using the same method as above, the anchor piles (1) at the other three positions are piled one by one;

S7: Connect the construction ship to the front, rear, left and right anchor piles (1), adjust the lengths of the cables in the four directions by using the front, rear, left and right anchor winches on the ship, move the construction ship to the construction hole location, connect the cables in the four directions to the four mooring cables (4) respectively, and start construction after the cables are tightened and fixed;

S8: After the drilling construction is completed, the cables in the four directions are untied from the mooring cable (4); the construction vessel is moved to the top of the anchor pile (1), and the recovery cable (3) is connected with the windlass to pull the anchor pile (1) upward and backhaul. The retaining plate is closed under the action of the recovery cable (3), and the reaction force of the anchor pile (1) becomes smaller. The anchor pile (1) is pulled out under the drag of the windlass and recovered smoothly.