CN1179667C - A method and device for ultra-low temperature quick-freezing preservation and freeze-sublimation drying of Chinese medicinal materials and food - Google Patents
A method and device for ultra-low temperature quick-freezing preservation and freeze-sublimation drying of Chinese medicinal materials and food Download PDFInfo
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- CN1179667C CN1179667C CNB031052657A CN03105265A CN1179667C CN 1179667 C CN1179667 C CN 1179667C CN B031052657 A CNB031052657 A CN B031052657A CN 03105265 A CN03105265 A CN 03105265A CN 1179667 C CN1179667 C CN 1179667C
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D2400/00—General features of, or devices for refrigerators, cold rooms, ice-boxes, or for cooling or freezing apparatus not covered by any other subclass
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种对中药材、食品进行超低温速冻保鲜和冷冻升华干燥的方法，属于加工保鲜技术领域。其方案为采用带回冷的空气涡轮膨胀制冷对中药材、食品进行保鲜、干燥处理。该冷冻干燥方法将物品中的水分在不破坏细胞膜的情况下升华去除，达到保鲜的目的。对中药材、食品进行速冻保鲜是在超低温条件下进行，对其进行干燥是在冷冻条件下冰晶直接升华。避免了高温常压蒸发对被干燥物质产生的氧化、分解现象，保持了物品原来特有的营养成分，有效成分含量高。干燥后的物品含水量极低，可长期贮存，同时便于再加工、也便于运输。
The invention discloses a method for ultra-low temperature quick-freezing preservation and freeze-sublimation drying of Chinese medicinal materials and food, belonging to the technical field of processing and preservation. Its scheme is to use the air turbine expansion refrigeration with return cooling to keep fresh and dry the Chinese medicinal materials and food. The freeze-drying method sublimates and removes the moisture in the article without destroying the cell membrane, so as to achieve the purpose of keeping fresh. The quick-freezing and fresh-keeping of Chinese herbal medicines and food is carried out under ultra-low temperature conditions, and the drying of them is directly sublimated by ice crystals under freezing conditions. It avoids the phenomenon of oxidation and decomposition of the dried material caused by evaporation under high temperature and normal pressure, and maintains the original unique nutritional content of the item, with high content of active ingredients. The dried items have extremely low water content, can be stored for a long time, and are convenient for reprocessing and transportation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Chinese medicine, food be carried out fresh-keeping, dry processing method, be meant that more particularly a kind of employing takes back cold air turbine swell refrigeration technology, Chinese medicine, food carried out the method and the device thereof of the fresh-keeping and drying bu sublimation of super low temperature quick frozen.
Background technology
Freeze Drying Technique is with after the moisture object snap frozen, makes the ice distillation make a kind of method of this object drying under vacuum state.Institutional framework with products such as the medicine of Freeze Drying Technique processing, food is not damaged, and nutrition can not run off, change, and without any the pollution of chemical preservative, after the sealing, can preserve at normal temperatures more than 1 year yet.For cryodesiccated food, before edible, will can keep original composition and activity in this product immersion water, its tissue characteristics approaches fresh state.Therefore, Freeze Drying Technique is a kind of method best in the present preservation technique.For cryodesiccated Chinese medicine, after freeze drying, be convenient to pulverize and make various pulvis, capsule etc., former natural component is maximized the retention, improved the pharmacology of Chinese medicine.
But because the freeze-drying method that uses mainly is to adopt liquid nitrogen flash freezer and vacuum drying at present, its device structure complexity, cost height, consumes energy is more, and process time is longer, feasible higher with Chinese medicine, food price after this method processing, be unfavorable for extensive utilization.For simplified apparatus, reduce cost, keep its natural components, remove its moisture, former natural component is maximized the retention, the inventor has proposed a kind of air turbine refrigeration that adopts Chinese medicine, food has been carried out method and the device thereof that super low temperature quick frozen is fresh-keeping, freeze drying is handled.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to adopt and take back cold air turbine Refrigeration Technique, provide a kind of and under ultra-low temperature surroundings, Chinese medicine, food are carried out quick-frozen, under low temperature environment, its lyophilization is reached fresh-keeping method and device thereof so that it removes moisture under the situation that cell membrane is not destroyed.
A kind of Chinese medicine, food are carried out the method for the fresh-keeping and drying bu sublimation of super low temperature quick frozen, comprise the following steps:
(a), classify, screen according to the article of required quick-freezing fresh-keeping with taxonomy of goods, screening;
(b) clean surperficial natural air drying;
(c) pack in the quick-freeze low-temperature drying box;
(d) cold air turbine swell refrigeration technology, disposable expansion exhaust freeze drying are taken back in employing; Set the quick-freezing fresh-keeping temperature and be quick-frozen under-80 ℃～-90 ℃, 20～30 minutes time condition, the dew-point temperature at dry air is-40 ℃ then, and the freeze drying temperature is a drying under-5 ℃～-6 ℃, 8～10 hours time condition;
(e) take out, from quick-frozen low temperature drying case, take out article,, can reprocess, store, transport through packing.
Describedly a kind ofly Chinese medicine, food are carried out the device that the method for the fresh-keeping and drying bu sublimation of super low temperature quick frozen adopts be, comprise cold temperature source, low pressure source, dry source, quick-freeze low-temperature drying box and measuring and controlling, wherein, air compressor machine through introducing behind the water cooler, oil removing, drier, heat exchanger, turbine in the quick-freeze low-temperature drying box, is taken back cold air again through heat exchanger, with turbine coaxial compressor suction evacuation in the quick-freeze low-temperature drying box with compressed air; Described cold temperature source is produced by turbine.
Describedly a kind of Chinese medicine, food are carried out the method for the fresh-keeping and drying bu sublimation of super low temperature quick frozen, article are adopted forced convection formula heat and mass method.
The device of the fresh-keeping and drying bu sublimation of described super low temperature quick frozen, when drying bu sublimation batch article, need to strengthen the flow of low temperature drying air, can behind turbine, introduce dry compressed air, by with the direct blending of cold air after turbine expansion refrigeration, or, be introduced into household freezer again and article implemented dry by the big flow Cryogenic air of heat exchanger heat-shift mode with about-5 ℃ of formation.
The present invention adopts the mode of taking back cold air turbine refrigeration that article are carried out quick-freezing fresh-keeping, its refrigerating effect and liquid nitrogen are close, but freezing energy consumption and cost are low more than liquid nitrogen, and adopt refrigeration modes such as traditional dry ice, fluorine Lyons can't implement the cryogenic quick-freezing of article fresh-keeping at all.
The present invention adopts air turbine refrigeration to the article lyophilization, cold air be cold-producing medium be again drier, in drying box, article are adopted the mode quick-frozen and the lyophilization of forced convection, compared with low-temp vacuum method for drying efficient height, effective, equipment is simple.For example carrot is removed moisture 100% behind the method accelerated freeze-drying, and the carotenoid content of dry product reaches 86% of bright product.Moisture to American Ginseng, aloe 100% obtains removing, and is identical with the drying effect of heating, drying, but fresh-keeping effect almost reaches full composition.
Device structure used in the present invention is simple relatively, the automaticity height, and the control accuracy height be convenient to operation, and service efficiency height, the cost of equipment is low.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process structure schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an airborne saturated water capacity analysis chart under different pressures and the condition of different temperatures.
Fig. 3 is dew point and moisture graph of a relation.
Fig. 4 is the three-phase diagram of water.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
The present invention a kind ofly carries out the method for the fresh-keeping and drying bu sublimation of super low temperature quick frozen to Chinese medicine, food, adopts following order to carry out quick-freezing fresh-keeping and ultralow temperature drying:
(a), classify, screen according to the article of required quick-frozen with taxonomy of goods, screening;
(b) clean surperficial natural air drying;
(c) pack in the quick-freeze low-temperature drying box;
(d) set according to different article and select different index numbers: generally speaking, quick-freezing fresh-keeping temperature-80 ℃～-90 ℃, 20～30 minutes time, frozen drying temperature-5 ℃～-6 ℃, 8～10 hours time, the dew-point temperature of dry air-40 ℃;
(e) take out, from quick-frozen low temperature drying case, take out, can reprocess, store, transport through packing by the quick-frozen article.
Example: fresh-keeping American Ginseng
(a) with American Ginseng classification, screening;
(b) clean surperficial natural air drying;
(c) American Ginseng is cut into sheet, sheet thickness is 2 millimeter, and evenly is placed on the aperture plate, in the quick-freeze low-temperature drying box of packing into;
(d) set quick-freezing fresh-keeping temperature-90 ℃, 20 minutes time, frozen drying temperature-5 ℃, 8 hours time, the dew-point temperature of dry air-40 ℃;
(e) from quick-frozen low temperature drying case, take out American Ginseng, be used for storing, reprocessing through packing.
American Ginseng after the method quick-freezing fresh-keeping, low temperature drying has been removed 100% moisture, and is identical with drying effect behind the heating, drying, but fresh-keeping effect reaches near full composition.
Example: antistaling aloe
(a) with aloe classification, screening;
(b) clean surperficial natural air drying;
(c) aloe is cut into the sheet of 5 millimeters thickness, evenly is placed on the aperture plate, in the quick-freeze low-temperature drying box of packing into:
(d) set quick-freezing fresh-keeping temperature-80 ℃, 20 minutes time, frozen drying temperature-5 ℃, 9 hours time, the dew-point temperature of dry air-40 ℃;
(e) from quick-frozen low temperature drying case, take out aloe, can be used for reprocessing, store, transport through packing.
Aloe after the method quick-freezing fresh-keeping, low temperature drying has been removed 100% moisture, and is identical with drying effect behind the heating, drying, but fresh-keeping effect reaches near full composition.
The present invention a kind ofly carries out the device of the fresh-keeping and drying bu sublimation of super low temperature quick frozen to Chinese medicine, food, cold temperature source is arranged: produce by taking back cold air turbine; Low pressure source: by the generation of bleeding of compressor semi-open type; Dry source: reach-40 ℃ of dew-point temperatures with the adsorption dessicant dry air; For the quick-freeze low-temperature drying box of putting article; Measuring and controlling: regulate turbine intake air pressure by the micro computer that is located in the turbine refrigeration system according to temperature requirement, thereby control and regulate temperature, pressure in the quick-freeze low-temperature drying box case automatically.
Fig. 1 is a device schematic diagram of the present invention.Comprise cold temperature source, low pressure source, dry source, quick-freeze low-temperature drying box and measuring and controlling, air compressor machine through introducing behind the water cooler, oil removing, drier, heat exchanger, turbine in the quick-freeze low-temperature drying box, is taken back cold air again through heat exchanger, with turbine coaxial compressor suction evacuation in the quick-freeze low-temperature drying box with compressed air.1,2,3,4,5,6,7 are valve among the figure, are disposed through operations such as water-cooled, oil removing, dryings from the compressed air of air compressor machine to be clean, dry gas.After heat exchanger further reduces temperature, enter turbine expansion cooling, introduce then in the quick-freeze low-temperature drying box article are carried out quick-freezing fresh-keeping, again through the heat exchanger quilt compressor suction evacuation coaxial with turbine.Finished quick-frozen work, can behind turbine, introduce dry compressed air, by with form about-5 ℃ big flow Cryogenic air through the cold air blending behind the turbine expansion, be introduced into the accelerated freeze-drying case again and article implemented dry.
Characteristics of the present invention:
1, is different from traditional liquid nitrogen flash freezer and low-temperature vacuum drying, adopts cold air turbine refrigeration, the disposable expansion exhaust freeze drying mode taken back.Low temperature drying air after turbine once expands is to keep article to be in the cold-producing medium of freezing state, is again synchronously to its withering drier.
2, article are adopted forced convection formula quick-frozen and heat and mass method.The semi-open type compressor is bled and is quickened to get rid of the crystallization water of distillation, has formed a low temperature, low pressure and the dry quick flowing environment of air-flow around the cryodesiccated article of need.
3, freeze drying of the present invention is effective, reasonable energy utilization, and energy consumption is low: facility compact, automaticity height, easy operating.
To analyze the mechanism of Chinese medicine, food product refrigeration lyophilization below.
One, to the measure of Chinese medicine, food low temperature drying
Fig. 2 is an airborne saturated water capacity analysis chart under different pressures and the condition of different temperatures.
When temperature t was a certain numerical value, pressure p was high more, and d is more little for per kilogram air water component.
When pressure p was a certain numerical value, temperature t was high more, and d is high more for per kilogram air water component.
When temperature t is low more, when pressure p was low more, because of t is low more, d was more little, and p is low more, and d is but high more, so will consider the combined influence of pressure p and temperature t.We wish that the d value is high, then will make the t value high, and the p value is low.Promptly to make airborne saturated water capacity d height, allow amount of moisture at the airborne content height of per kilogram, then will adopt the way of high-temperature vacuum to make per kilogram saturation of the air amount of moisture height, it is big to allow to be evaporated to airborne moisture from the object that is dried like this, makes the easier drying of object.
But for medicinal material,, can not adopt high temperature process for fresh-keeping, must low temperature.Original dry best approach was: 2. 1. high temperature vacuumize (low pressure).But, can only take now: 1. low temperature (fresh-keeping), 2. low pressure for the Chinese medicine drying.
Therefore, the measure that can take at the Chinese medicine particular point is: the air of making the own aridity of one low temperature, low pressure and air very high (reaching-40 ℃ as dew-point temperature).This environment satisfies: 1. low temperature (Chinese medicine is fresh-keeping), 2. low pressure (drying), 3. dry (relative humidity of air own is low).
For obtaining above-mentioned condition, the means of intending taking are: 1. low temperature → air turbine swell refrigeration; 2. low pressure → compressor is bled, and is 3. dry → as to reach-40 ℃ of dew-point temperatures with the adsorption dessicant dry air: 4. highly effective drying refrigerating chamber design.
See also the three-phase diagram of Fig. 4 water again.
Pressure and temperature when OA-water and water vapour balance each other;
Pressure and temperature when OB-ice balances each other with water vapour;
Pressure and temperature when OC-water balances each other with ice;
Pressure and temperature when O point-ice, water and water vapour three-phase equilibrium.
Pure triple point of water is 0.0098 ℃, and pressure is 4.579mmHg.
The fresh-keeping low temperature drying of the super low temperature quick frozen of Chinese medicine is exactly behind quick-freezing fresh-keeping, and (about in the of 5 ℃) drying at low temperatures promptly allows moisture in the Chinese medicine at quick-frozen Cheng Binghou, directly by the solid-state steam that is sublimed into, makes its drying.The water that does not have like this to take place by cell membrane between the cell of Chinese medicine inside moves, but is the steam drying by the ice distillation directly, and reaching is the fresh-keeping purpose that dewaters again.
Two, to the rough estimate of equipment dehumidifying effect
Reach dew-point temperature for-40 ℃ the time when we choose drier, its ability that allows to absorb est steam is:
In the time of t=-5 ℃, the water capacity of per kilogram saturated moist air is: d
-5=2.598g/kg;
In the time of t=-40 ℃, the water capacity of per kilogram saturated moist air is: (40 ℃ of dew point humidity) d
-40=0.1102g/kg dry air.
Then dew-point temperature be-40 ℃ dry air in the time of-5 ℃, the per kilogram dry air can absorb the moisture content of 2.4878 grams.
As adopt refrigerating plant flow of the present invention to be: 6m
3/ min (status of criterion) is 7.32kg/min, and the dew-point temperature when reaching-40 ℃ by its aridity then can allow to absorb moisture and is: 18.2107g/min, 1 hour 1092.64g/hour that can dewater.Just dew point humidity is-40 ℃ cold dry air, if under-5 ℃ of conditions dry medicinal material, then be about 1 kilogram at the maximum outlet capacity that removes within an hour.The time of this water evaporates that does not comprise Chinese medicine in the dry air, this is the wettability power of low temperature drying air under the free convection situation.
Be pointed out that the present invention when low temperature drying air introducing freeze drying box is carried out drying to article, adopts the heat and mass mode of forced convection, with respect to free convection, this will improve the rate of drying to article significantly.
Three, Chinese medicine is adopted the factor that super low temperature quick frozen is fresh-keeping, low temperature drying method is related:
The quantity of the dew-point temperature of quick freezing temperature, quick-frozen time, low temperature drying temperature, low temperature drying time, dry air, the pressure of dry air, dry air flow, the classification of the Chinese medicine that is dried, the Chinese medicine that is dried, the specific area of the Chinese medicine that is dried.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of Chinese medicine, food are carried out the method for the fresh-keeping and drying bu sublimation of super low temperature quick frozen, generally comprise the following step,, classify, screen according to the article of required quick-freezing fresh-keeping (a) with taxonomy of goods, screening;
(b) clean surperficial natural air drying;
(c) pack in the quick-freeze low-temperature drying box;
(d) select different index numbers according to different article, set quick-freezing fresh-keeping temperature, fresh keeping time, set freeze drying temperature, sublimation drying;
(e) from quick-frozen low temperature drying case, take out article,, can reprocess, store, transport through packing,
It is characterized in that: adopt and take back cold air turbine swell refrigeration technology, disposable expansion exhaust freeze drying; Described in (d) step, be quick-frozen under-80 ℃～-90 ℃, 20～30 minutes time condition in the quick-freezing fresh-keeping temperature earlier with Chinese medicine and food; Dew-point temperature at dry air is-40 ℃ then, and the freeze drying temperature is dry under-5 ℃～-6 ℃, 8～10 hours time condition.
2, according to claim 1ly a kind ofly Chinese medicine, food are carried out the device that the method for the fresh-keeping and drying bu sublimation of super low temperature quick frozen adopts be, comprise cold temperature source, low pressure source, dry source, quick-freeze low-temperature drying box and measuring and controlling, it is characterized in that: air compressor machine through introducing behind the water cooler, oil removing, drier, heat exchanger, turbine in the quick-freeze low-temperature drying box, is taken back cold air again through heat exchanger, with turbine coaxial compressor suction evacuation in the quick-freeze low-temperature drying box with compressed air; Described cold temperature source is produced by turbine.
3, according to claim 1ly a kind of Chinese medicine, food are carried out the method for the fresh-keeping and drying bu sublimation of super low temperature quick frozen, it is characterized in that: in quick-frozen, low temperature drying, Chinese medicine, food are adopted forced convection formula heat and mass method.
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| CNB031052657A CN1179667C (en) | 2003-02-26 | 2003-02-26 | A method and device for ultra-low temperature quick-freezing preservation and freeze-sublimation drying of Chinese medicinal materials and food |
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Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1331427C (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2007-08-15 | 量子高科（北京）研究院有限公司 | Dried product and drying process of vegetable, fruit, fresh traditional Chinese medicine except for minerals |
| CN103168826B (en) | 2013-03-26 | 2014-05-07 | 华南理工大学 | Method for improving brine salting-process frozen fish fillets through variable-power ultrasonic wave |
| CN105146596B (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2019-02-12 | 宁波大学 | A kind of soft shell crab dry powder and processing method thereof |
| CN107525176A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2017-12-29 | 深圳市兴鼎环保科技有限公司 | A kind of central air-conditioning energy-saving system |
| CN107788329B (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2020-10-02 | 诸暨市物昇农业科技有限公司 | Processing method of nostoc commune |
| CN108094508A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-01 | 天津商业大学 | A kind of fruit preservation method |
| CN108260666B (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2021-08-10 | 安徽精益诚食品有限公司 | Processing chain of quick-freeze kernel of corn |
| CN110999741A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-14 | 贵州景峰注射剂有限公司 | A kind of planting and processing method of medicinal materials of Salvia miltiorrhiza |
| CN116391753A (en) * | 2023-04-20 | 2023-07-07 | 广西大学 | A kind of deep processing technology of edible fungus |
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