CN117903407A - A hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane and its preparation method and application - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane and a preparation method and application thereof. The hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane comprises the following raw material components: a hyperbranched zwitterionic polyurethane prepolymer; a hydroxyl-containing polysiloxane, wherein the hydroxyl-containing polysiloxane contains at least two hydroxyl groups; a nonionic hydrophilic chain extender; a polyisocyanate; and optionally a macromolecular polyol. The hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane can be used alone as a precursor of a hydrogel, or can be mixed with an aqueous resin or an oily resin to form a unique zwitterionic hydrogel coating. The hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane has zwitterionic hydrophilic groups and silicone segments. The silicone segments can quickly migrate to the surface and can achieve a dual anti-sticking effect with the zwitterionic hydrophilic groups, which can give the coating an excellent anti-fouling effect. In addition, the coating has good water absorption and can be applied to personal care products.

Description

A hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane and its preparation method and application

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of amphoteric polyurethane, and specifically relates to a hydrophilic amphoteric ion silicone modified polyurethane and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background technique

Polyurethane is a copolymer formed by the polymerization of polyols, small molecule chain extenders and isocyanates. Its molecular chain consists of soft segments and hard segments, in which polyols constitute the soft segments, and isocyanates and small molecule chain extenders constitute the hard segments. Polymers whose polyurethane molecular chains contain both positive and negative charged groups are called amphoteric polyurethanes. Zwitterionic polymers have strong hydrophilicity due to the presence of a large number of ion pairs and the resulting hydration layer. The strong interaction between ion pairs and water forms a hydrated film. This structure has excellent anti-biological adhesion and pollution properties. Hydrogels are a class of polymers with hydrophilic groups that can be swollen by water but are insoluble in water. They can absorb a large amount of water to swell, and after swelling, they can continue to maintain their original structure without being dissolved. Due to their unique structure, the amphoteric hydrogels obtained using amphoteric polyurethanes have better biocompatibility than single-charged polyurethane hydrogels, so they have broader application prospects in drug sustained release, facial masks, anti-biological adhesion and other applications.

Chinese patent CN105906781A discloses a method for preparing a zwitterionic polyurethane hydrogel. The zwitterionic polyurethane hydrogel introduces anionic and cationic groups through anionic group chain extenders and cationic group chain extenders to obtain a zwitterionic polyurethane hydrogel, further expanding its application value and scope of use.

However, the anionic and cationic groups of the zwitterionic polyurethane hydrogel are evenly dispersed on the molecular chain and can only be dissolved in organic solvents or melt-processed, but cannot be dissolved or dispersed in water, and cannot be used in aqueous systems. Not only is the scope of application limited, but it also does not conform to the current trend of green environmental protection.

Summary of the invention

In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane. The hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane provided by the present invention introduces amphoteric groups by adopting a hyperbranched structure, so that the amphoteric groups are more concentrated, forming a structure with an unbalanced hydrophilic distribution, so that the obtained hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane can be water-emulsified, and the formed hydrogel can be used as a main resin, and can also be mixed with a water-based resin or an oily resin for use, greatly expanding the scope of application.

At the same time, on the one hand, the hydrophilic groups of the hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane provided by the present invention can absorb water to form a water film when used, and the non-ionic chain extender can assist the movement of water, allowing the water film to be constructed faster, thereby producing an anti-sticking effect. On the other hand, the silicone chain segments of the hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane provided by the present invention can quickly migrate to the surface to achieve a double anti-sticking effect.

To achieve this object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

In a first aspect, the present invention provides a hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane, wherein the hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane comprises the following raw material components:

(A) a hyperbranched amphoteric polyurethane prepolymer, wherein the hyperbranched amphoteric polyurethane prepolymer has at least two hydroxyl groups, four carboxyl groups and three tertiary amine groups in its molecular chain;

(B) a hydroxyl-containing polysiloxane containing at least two hydroxyl groups;

(C) nonionic hydrophilic chain extender;

(D) a polyisocyanate (I); the polyisocyanate having at least two isocyanate groups (I);

(E) Optionally a macromolecular polyol.

The invention introduces anionic groups and cationic groups into a hyperbranched amphoteric polyurethane prepolymer, and the anionic groups and cationic groups are concentratedly distributed to form a structure with unbalanced hydrophilic distribution, so that the hydrophilic amphoteric ionic silicone-modified polyurethane can be water-emulsified and can be mixed with water-based resin for use.

Among them, the macromolecular polyol can be used to improve the mechanical properties of the hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane and can be added to the reaction system according to actual applications.

Preferably, the hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight:

(A) 15 to 50 parts by weight of a hyperbranched amphoteric polyurethane prepolymer;

(B) 1 to 15 parts by weight of a hydroxyl-containing polysiloxane, wherein the hydroxyl-containing polysiloxane contains at least two hydroxyl groups;

(C) 1 to 10 parts by weight of a hydrophilic chain extender;

(D) 10 to 50 parts of polyisocyanate (Ⅰ);

(E) 0-50 parts of macromolecular polyol.

Preferably, the raw materials for preparing the hyperbranched amphoteric polyurethane include: polyhydroxy-terminated hyperbranched polyurethane HPBU and acid anhydride.

Preferably, the acid anhydride includes maleic anhydride, maleic anhydride, succinic anhydride, phthalic anhydride and glutaric anhydride.

Preferably, the monoamino polyhydroxy monomer comprises diethanolamine and/or diisopropanolamine.

The raw materials for preparing the polyhydroxy-terminated HPBU include: polyol, polyisocyanate (II) and monoamino polyhydroxy monomer; the hydroxyl number of the polyol is ≥3.

Preferably, the hyperbranched amphoteric polyurethane prepolymer comprises a structure represented by formula (I):

;

Wherein, each R ₃ is independently selected from the following structural formula:

;

* represents the junction site;

Each of R ₁ , R ₂ and R ₄ is independently selected from any one of a substituted or unsubstituted saturated straight or branched alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted unsaturated straight or branched alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group, and a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene group.

The substituents in R ₁ , R ₂ and R ₄ include any one of halogen, unsubstituted or halogenated saturated straight or branched alkyl, unsubstituted or halogenated unsaturated straight or branched alkyl, unsubstituted or halogenated cycloalkyl, hydroxyl and ester.

Preferably, the HPBU has a structure shown in formula (II):

(II);

Wherein, R ₅ is independently selected from any one of a substituted or unsubstituted straight chain or branched chain alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group, and a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene group.

_R6 is independently selected from any one of a substituted or unsubstituted straight chain or branched chain alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted ester group, and a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.

The substituents in R ₅ and R ₆ include any one of halogen, unsubstituted or halogenated saturated straight or branched alkyl, unsubstituted or halogenated unsaturated straight or branched alkyl, unsubstituted or halogenated cycloalkyl, hydroxyl, and ester;

* indicates the attachment site.

Preferably, the nonionic hydrophilic chain extender includes trimethylolpropane polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, difunctional polyethoxy ether, polyethylene glycol methyl ether, polyethylene glycol, and polyoxyethylene ether.

Wherein, the number average molecular weight of the trimethylolpropane polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether is 1000-2500.

Preferably, the macromolecular polyol includes one or more of polytetramethylene glycol, polyneopentyl adipate, and polycarbonate diol.

Preferably, the molecular weight of the macromolecular polyol is 1000-2000.

Preferably, the polyisocyanate (I) and the polyisocyanate (II) can be selected from one or more of aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic and aromatic aliphatic polyisocyanates with a functionality of ≥2.

More preferably, the polyisocyanate (I) and the polyisocyanate (II) can be selected from any one or more of toluene diisocyanate (TDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), naphthalene-1,5-diisocyanate (NDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), 2,6-diisocyanate hexanoic acid methyl ester (LDI), 4,4'-methylene-dicyclohexyl diisocyanate (HMDI), xylylene diisocyanate (XDI) or 1,12-dodecyl diisocyanate.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane, comprising the following steps:

S1. reacting a hyperbranched amphoteric polyurethane prepolymer, a hydroxyl-containing polysiloxane, optionally a macromolecular polyol and a polyisocyanate (Ⅰ) to obtain a prepolymer;

S2. The prepolymer is subjected to a chain extension reaction with a nonionic hydrophilic chain extender to obtain a hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane.

Preferably, in step S1, the reaction temperature is 70-80° C., and the reaction time is 2-3 h.

Preferably, in step S2, the reaction temperature is 50-55° C., and the reaction time is 3-4 h.

Preferably, the method for preparing the hyperbranched amphoteric polyurethane prepolymer comprises the following steps:

S11. reacting the polyol with the polyisocyanate (II) to obtain an NCO-terminated prepolymer;

S12. The NCO-terminated prepolymer is then reacted with a monoamino polyol to obtain a polyhydroxy-terminated HPBU;

S13. Adding polyhydroxy-terminated HPBU and acid anhydride into a reaction kettle, and reacting to obtain a hydroxyl- and carboxyl-terminated hyperbranched amphoteric polyurethane prepolymer.

Preferably, in step S11, the reaction temperature is 75-85° C. and the reaction time is 1.5-3 h;

In step S12, the reaction temperature is 0-10°C and the reaction time is 5-7h;

In step S13, the reaction temperature is 80-90° C., and the reaction time is 2-4 hours.

In a third aspect, the present invention provides the use of the above-mentioned hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane or the hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane prepared according to the above-mentioned preparation method in hydrogel or antifouling coating.

In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides the use of the above-mentioned hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane or the hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane prepared according to the above-mentioned preparation method in personal care products.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane provided by the present invention is prepared by using hyperbranched zwitterionic polyurethane prepolymer, hydroxyl-containing polysiloxane, nonionic hydrophilic chain extender, polyisocyanate and optionally macromolecular polyol as raw materials. The hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane introduces anionic groups and cationic groups through the hyperbranched zwitterionic polyurethane prepolymer. The anionic groups and cationic groups are concentratedly distributed to form a structure with unbalanced hydrophilic distribution, so that the hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane can be water-emulsified and can be mixed with water-based resin for use. It can be used alone as a precursor of hydrogel, or it can be mixed with water-based resin or oily resin to form a unique zwitterionic hydrogel coating.

2. The hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane provided by the present invention has zwitterionic hydrophilic groups and silicone segments, wherein the zwitterionic hydrophilic groups can absorb water to form a water film when in use, and the nonionic chain extender can assist the movement of water, allowing the water film to be constructed faster, thereby producing an anti-sticking effect. On the other hand, the silicone segment can quickly migrate to the surface and achieve a dual anti-sticking effect with the zwitterionic hydrophilic groups, which can give the coating an excellent anti-fouling effect and prevent the attachment of polluting organisms such as microorganisms, bacteria, proteins and marine organisms, and has excellent application prospects.

3. After the hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane provided by the present invention is cross-linked to form a network cross-linked structure, the hydrophilic groups can combine with water molecules to connect the water molecules inside the network cross-linked structure and maintain a certain shape. It can be applied to personal care products such as facial masks, medical cold compress materials and other products.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an infrared spectrum of the hyperbranched amphoteric polyurethane prepolymer obtained in the synthesis example.

FIG. 2 is an H-NMR spectrum of the hyperbranched amphoteric polyurethane prepolymer obtained in the synthesis example.

Detailed ways

The technical scheme of the present invention is further described below by specific embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments are only to help understand the present invention and should not be regarded as specific limitations of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents, methods and equipment used in the present invention are conventional reagents, methods and equipment in the art. In addition, about "parts" and "%" in this specification, unless otherwise specified, represent "parts by mass" and "mass %" respectively.

Synthesis Example

The hyperbranched amphoteric polyurethane prepolymer provided in this synthesis example has a structure as shown in formula (I-1).

The preparation method of the above-mentioned hyperbranched amphoteric polyurethane prepolymer comprises the following steps:

(1) Add 13.4 g of TMP and 60 g of N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) into a three-necked flask and stir at room temperature. After trimethylolpropane (TMP) is dissolved, add 99.9 g of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and heat to 80°C while stirring. After reacting for 2 hours, take a sample to determine the NCO group content; when the specified value is reached, cool to 35°C to obtain an NCO-terminated prepolymer;

(2) Place 94.5 g of diethanolamine (DEOA) and 60 g of acetone (AC) in a three-necked flask, stir and mix evenly, cool the flask to 0-10°C in an ice water bath, slowly dropwise add NCO-terminated prepolymer, add it over 2 hours, maintain the temperature at 0-10°C and continue stirring for 6 hours to obtain a HBPU mixed solution;

(3) Pour the HBPU mixture into distilled water, wash away the solvent and by-products by precipitation method, repeat the washing 7 times, and vacuum dry to obtain colorless, transparent, crystalline solid HBPU;

(4) In a three-necked round-bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a thermometer, a condenser and a nitrogen inlet, the HBPU obtained in step (3), maleic anhydride and an appropriate amount of N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) are added and stirred at room temperature for 30 min. After the solid matter is completely dissolved, the mixture is heated to 85° C. and kept warm for 3 h. The acid value is tested to reach the theoretical value, and the temperature is lowered to obtain a hyperbranched amphoteric polyurethane prepolymer; wherein the molar ratio of HBPU to maleic anhydride is 1:4.

The structure of the obtained product was characterized by infrared spectrometer and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (H-NMR), and the results are shown in Figures 1 and 2, respectively.

Example 1

This embodiment provides a hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane, the raw materials for its preparation include the following components:

30g hyperbranched amphoteric polyurethane prepolymer (synthesis example), 5g double-terminal hydroxyl polysiloxane (Silok 8812, Guangzhou City, hydroxyl content 3.7%), 15g polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG2000), 5g non-ionic hydrophilic chain extender (Perstorp N120, number average molecular weight 1000, dihydroxy), 20g IPDI, 0.02g dibutyltin dilaurate.

The preparation method of the hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane comprises the following steps:

(1) adding a hyperbranched amphoteric polyurethane prepolymer, a double-terminated hydroxyl polysiloxane, PTMG2000 and dibutyltin dilaurate into a reaction kettle, adding IPDI after dehydration treatment, heating to 70°C and reacting for 3 hours to obtain a prepolymer;

(2) A nonionic hydrophilic chain extender and 30 mL of dimethylformamide were added to the prepolymer in step (1), and the mixture was reacted at 50° C. for 4 h, and then the solvent was removed to obtain a hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane.

Example 2

This embodiment provides a hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane, the raw materials for its preparation include the following components:

40g hyperbranched amphoteric polyurethane prepolymer (synthesis example), 15g dihydroxyl polysiloxane (Silok 8812, Guangzhou, 3.7% hydroxyl content), 50g polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG1000), 1g nonionic hydrophilic chain extender (Perstorp N120, number average molecular weight 1000, dihydroxy), 50g HMDI, 0.1g dibutyltin dilaurate.

The preparation method of the hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane comprises the following steps:

(1) adding a hyperbranched amphoteric polyurethane prepolymer, a double-terminated hydroxyl polysiloxane, PTMG1000 and dibutyltin dilaurate into a reaction kettle, adding HMDI after dehydration treatment, heating to 75°C and reacting for 2 hours to obtain a prepolymer;

(2) A nonionic hydrophilic chain extender and 30 mL of dimethylformamide were added to the prepolymer in step (1), and the mixture was reacted at 55° C. for 3 h, and then the solvent was removed to obtain a hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane.

Example 3

This embodiment provides a hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane, the raw materials for its preparation include the following components:

15g hyperbranched amphoteric polyurethane prepolymer (synthesis example), 2g double-terminal hydroxyl polysiloxane (Silok 8812, Guangzhou City, hydroxyl content 3.7%), 25g polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG1000), 10g non-ionic hydrophilic chain extender (Perstorp N120, number average molecular weight 1000, dihydroxy), 25g IPDI, 0.05g dibutyltin dilaurate.

The preparation method of the hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane comprises the following steps:

(1) adding a hyperbranched amphoteric polyurethane prepolymer, a double-terminated hydroxyl polysiloxane, PTMG1000 and dibutyltin dilaurate into a reaction kettle, adding IPDI after dehydration treatment, heating to 80°C and reacting for 2 hours to obtain a prepolymer;

(2) A nonionic hydrophilic chain extender and 25 mL of dimethylformamide were added to the prepolymer in step (1), and the mixture was reacted at 50° C. for 3.5 h. The solvent was then removed to obtain a hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane.

Example 4

This embodiment provides a hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane, the raw materials for its preparation include the following components:

50g hyperbranched amphoteric polyurethane prepolymer (synthesis example), 6g dihydroxyl polysiloxane (Silok 8812, Guangzhou, China, hydroxyl content 3.7%), 8g nonionic hydrophilic chain extender (Perstorp N120, number average molecular weight 1000, dihydroxy), 28g HMDI, 0.05g dibutyltin dilaurate.

The preparation method of the hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane comprises the following steps:

(1) adding a hyperbranched amphoteric polyurethane prepolymer, a double-terminated hydroxyl polysiloxane, PTMG1000 and dibutyltin dilaurate into a reaction kettle, adding IPDI after dehydration treatment, heating to 70°C and reacting for 2 hours to obtain a prepolymer;

(2) A nonionic hydrophilic chain extender and 50 mL of dimethylformamide were added to the prepolymer in step (1), and the mixture was reacted at 50° C. for 4 h, and then the solvent was removed to obtain a hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane.

Example 5

This embodiment provides a hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane, the raw materials for its preparation include the following components:

45g hyperbranched amphoteric polyurethane prepolymer (synthesis example), 1g dihydroxyl polysiloxane (Silok 8812, Guangzhou, China, hydroxyl content 3.7%), 5g polycarbonate diol (PCDL1000), 7g nonionic hydrophilic chain extender (Perstorp N120, number average molecular weight 1000, dihydroxy), 20g IPDI, 0.08g dibutyltin dilaurate.

The preparation method of the hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane comprises the following steps:

(1) adding a hyperbranched amphoteric polyurethane prepolymer, a double-terminated hydroxyl polysiloxane, PTMG2000 and dibutyltin dilaurate into a reaction kettle, adding IPDI after dehydration treatment, heating to 70°C and reacting for 3 hours to obtain a prepolymer;

(2) A nonionic hydrophilic chain extender and 40 mL of dimethylformamide were added to the prepolymer in step (1), and the mixture was reacted at 50° C. for 4 h, and then the solvent was removed to obtain a hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane.

Performance Testing

1. After adjusting the pH value of the hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane prepared in Examples 1 to 5 to 9, water was added for dispersion, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 1 hour to observe its dispersion state.

The above dispersion was mixed with a water-based resin (Dolphin 1182R3, Guangzhou), and then allowed to stand for 1 hour to observe the state of the mixture.

2. After adjusting the pH value of 30g of the hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane prepared in Examples 1 to 5 to 9, add 200g of water for dispersion, add 5g of polyethylenimine crosslinker, mix well, apply a portion of it on a tinplate test plate, cure and dry to obtain a hydrogel coating, and test the hydrophilicity and oleophobicity of the hydrogel coating; then take another portion and place it in a mold, cure and dry, continue to put it in an oven at 80°C and bake to constant weight to obtain a polyurethane hydrogel, and balance the swelling water content. The specific test method is as follows:

(1) Hydrophilicity: The static contact angle of the hydrogel coating is tested using a contact angle tester, and the size of the static contact angle is used to characterize the hydrophilicity of the hydrogel coating.

(2) Oleophobicity: The above hydrogel coating was placed in a transparent container filled with water, and a test oil droplet (n-hexadecane) was added using a microsyringe. During the test, the tip of the microsyringe needle was immersed below the water surface in the transparent container, and a 3 μl oil droplet was injected. When the oil droplet was suspended in a spherical shape at the bottom of the needle tip, the height of the sample stage was adjusted so that the sample surface was in contact with the oil droplet, and a contact angle test was performed. The test was repeated five times, and the average value was recorded.

(3) Equilibrium swelling water content: Weigh the polyurethane hydrogel sample and record the initial mass (m ₀ ). Then soak it in deionized water (pH 9) and keep it at 37°C for 48 h. Use filter paper to absorb the water brought out from the surface of the hydrogel sample and weigh it to obtain the weight of the hydrogel after swelling (m ₁ ). The equilibrium swelling water content (EWC) is calculated according to the following formula: EWC = [(m ₁ -m ₀ )/m ₀ ] × 100%.

The above test results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

According to the data in Table 1, we can see that:

The hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane provided by the present invention can be emulsified in water, can be mixed with water-based resins for use, and has good compatibility with other water-based resins. The hydrogel coating obtained by using the hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane as a resin has good hydrophilicity, can absorb water to form a water film, and has good oleophobicity, and can play a good antifouling effect.

In addition, the hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane provided by the present invention has good water absorption and swelling properties after being cross-linked to form a cross-linked network, and can be applied to personal care products such as facial masks, medical cold compress materials and the like.

The applicant declares that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, which does not mean that the present invention must rely on the above embodiments to be implemented. Those skilled in the art should understand that any improvement of the present invention, equivalent replacement of various raw materials of the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific methods, etc., all fall within the protection scope and disclosure scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane, characterized in that the hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane comprises the following raw material components: (A) a hyperbranched amphoteric polyurethane prepolymer, wherein the hyperbranched amphoteric polyurethane prepolymer has at least two hydroxyl groups, four carboxyl groups and three tertiary amine groups in its molecular chain; (B) a hydroxyl-containing polysiloxane, wherein the hydroxyl-containing polysiloxane contains at least two hydroxyl groups; (C) nonionic hydrophilic chain extender; (D) a polyisocyanate (I); the polyisocyanate having at least two isocyanate groups (I); (E) Optionally a macromolecular polyol. 2. The hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: (A) 15 to 50 parts by weight of a hyperbranched amphoteric polyurethane prepolymer; (B) 1 to 15 parts by weight of a hydroxyl-containing polysiloxane, wherein the hydroxyl-containing polysiloxane contains at least two hydroxyl groups; (C) 1 to 10 parts by weight of a nonionic hydrophilic chain extender; (D) 10 to 50 parts of polyisocyanate (Ⅰ); (E) 0-50 parts of macromolecular polyol. 3. The hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials for preparing the hyperbranched amphoteric polyurethane include: polyhydroxy-terminated hyperbranched polyurethane HPBU and acid anhydride; The raw materials for preparing the polyhydroxy-terminated HPBU include: polyol, polyisocyanate (II) and monoamino polyhydroxy monomer; the hydroxyl number of the polyol is ≥3. 4. The hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hyperbranched amphoteric polyurethane prepolymer has a structure shown in formula (I): ; Wherein, each R ₃ is independently selected from the following structural formula: ; * represents the attachment site; Each of R ₁ , R ₂ and R ₄ is independently selected from any one of substituted or unsubstituted saturated straight or branched alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted unsaturated straight or branched alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, and substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene; The substituents in R ₁ , R ₂ and R ₄ include any one of halogen, unsubstituted or halogenated saturated straight or branched alkyl, unsubstituted or halogenated unsaturated straight or branched alkyl, unsubstituted or halogenated cycloalkyl, hydroxyl and ester. 5. The hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane according to claim 3, characterized in that the HPBU has a structure shown in formula (II): (II); Wherein, R ₅ is independently selected from any one of substituted or unsubstituted straight or branched alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, and substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene; R ₆ is independently selected from any one of a substituted or unsubstituted straight or branched alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted ester group, and a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; The substituents in R ₅ and R ₆ include any one of halogen, unsubstituted or halogenated saturated straight or branched alkyl, unsubstituted or halogenated unsaturated straight or branched alkyl, unsubstituted or halogenated cycloalkyl, hydroxyl, and ester; * indicates the attachment site. 6. The hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane according to claim 1, characterized in that the nonionic hydrophilic chain extender comprises one or more of trimethylolpropane polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, difunctional polyethoxy ether, polyethylene glycol methyl ether, polyethylene glycol, and polyoxyethylene ether; Preferably, the macromolecular polyol includes one or more of polytetramethylene glycol, polyneopentyl adipate, and polycarbonate diol. 7. A method for preparing the hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: S1. reacting a hyperbranched amphoteric polyurethane prepolymer, a hydroxyl-containing polysiloxane, optionally a macromolecular polyol and a polyisocyanate (Ⅰ) to obtain a prepolymer; S2. The prepolymer is subjected to a chain extension reaction with a nonionic hydrophilic chain extender to obtain a hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane. 8. The method for preparing the hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane according to claim 7, characterized in that the method for preparing the hyperbranched amphoteric polyurethane prepolymer comprises the following steps: S11. reacting the polyol with the polyisocyanate (II) to obtain an NCO-terminated prepolymer; S12. The NCO-terminated prepolymer is then reacted with a monoamino polyol to obtain a polyhydroxy-terminated HPBU; S13. The polyhydroxy-terminated HPBU and anhydride are added to the reactor to obtain a hydroxyl- and carboxyl-terminated hyperbranched amphoteric polyurethane prepolymer; Preferably, in step S11, the reaction temperature is 75-85° C. and the reaction time is 1.5-3 h; In step S12, the reaction temperature is 0-10°C and the reaction time is 5-7h; In step S13, the reaction temperature is 80-90° C., and the reaction time is 2-4 hours. 9. Use of the hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane prepared by the preparation method according to claim 7 or 8 in hydrogel or antifouling coating. 10. Use of the hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the hydrophilic zwitterionic silicone-modified polyurethane prepared by the preparation method according to claim 7 or 8 in personal care products.