CN117903245A - 用于检测去酰基化和/或去甲基化酶活性的荧光探针及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
用于检测去酰基化和/或去甲基化酶活性的荧光探针及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种用于检测去酰基化和/或去甲基化酶活性的荧光探针及其制备方法与应用。本发明首先提供一种化合物,所述化合物包括式(I)所示的结构,其中,R1与R2各自独立地选自H、酰基化修饰基团或甲基化修饰基团,R1与R2不同时为H,且R1与R2不同时为酰基化修饰基团;R3为N端保护基团;R4为羧基或酰胺基;S1为氨基酸或多肽;S2为氨基酸或多肽;n为2、3或4。本发明公开了基于硝基苯并呋咱(NBD)的长距离分子内反应检测去酰基化酶和/或去甲基酶活性的荧光探针的通用设计策略。基于上述设计策略,可以开发酶活性以及赖氨酸去修饰酶功能鉴定的检测探针,并用于相关酶在表观遗传控制和调节中的作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于检测去酰基化和/或去甲基化酶活性的荧光探针及其制备方法与应用,属于生物检测技术领域。
背景技术
蛋白质中赖氨酸残基的ε-氨基的翻译后修饰(PTM)在调节活细胞的生物过程中发挥着不同的作用。迄今为止,已发现多种赖氨酸PTM,其中许多已被确定在调节细胞过程中发挥关键作用。例如,赖氨酸乙酰化(Kac)是参与DNA复制、修复和基因转录的关键PTM。赖氨酸琥珀酰化(Ksucc)可调节线粒体中的多种代谢途径。包括癌症和心血管疾病在内的多种疾病均与Ksucc失调有关。赖氨酸巴豆酰化(Kcro)高度富集在活性启动子和增强子区域。最近,赖氨酸乳酸化已被确定为与炎症和癌症相关的新组蛋白PTM。与通常和基因激活有关的赖氨酸乙酰化不同,赖氨酸甲基化可以根据组蛋白中甲基化的位点和状态激活或抑制基因。赖氨酸甲基化与转录调控、异染色质组装以及细胞周期进程密切相关。鉴于组蛋白酰化和甲基化的动态变化会影响多种细胞功能,对其写入器、擦除器和读取器(writer,eraser,and reader)进行分析是必不可少的,并且可以满足了解表观遗传调控及其对疾病进展的影响的迫切需求。
组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDAC)是表观遗传擦除器,可从组蛋白和非组蛋白中的赖氨酸残基上去除乙酰基。新出现的证据表明,HDAC能够通过酶催化消除各种赖氨酸酰化。例如,发现去乙酰化酶Sirt3可以去除赖氨酸巴豆酰化。去乙酰化酶Sirt5已被鉴定为去丙二酸化/去琥珀酰化酶,可去除赖氨酸残基的丙二酰化/琥珀酰化,从而调节细胞代谢。最近,HDACs1-3被鉴定为HeLa细胞中的去乳酸化酶。同时,在癌症和神经系统疾病中经常发现HDAC活性功能障碍,这使得HDAC成为治疗这些病理的药物靶标。另一方面,赖氨酸甲基化通过赖氨酸去甲基化酶(KDM)的催化作用被去除。例如,Jumonji C(JmjC)赖氨酸去甲基化酶是Fe(II)依赖性羟化酶,可催化蛋白质中甲基赖氨酸残基的氧化去甲基化。KDM的失调与发育障碍和各种癌症有关。因此,KDM已成为药物开发的热门靶标。开发可靠的分析方法来检测赖氨酸去酰基酶和去甲基酶的酶活性将是了解这些表观遗传擦除器如何影响细胞活动的关键。
迄今为止,已经开发了多种检测HDAC和KDM活性的方法,例如质谱法、高效液相色谱法、放射性同位素法和基于抗体的方法。然而,这些方法具有各种缺点,例如需要昂贵的仪器、复杂的实验程序或多步反应,耗时且缺乏高通量能力。基于荧光的方法由于其简便、高灵敏度和高通量的特性,已成为检测酶活性的一种流行策略。因此,研究人员对开发用于测量HDAC和KDM活性的荧光探针表现出浓厚的兴趣。由于HDAC和KDM在疾病中的重要性以及检测它们的荧光探针的缺少,迫切需要开发新一代的荧光探针来检测它们的活性并研究它们在生物学中的复杂作用。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提出用于检测去酰基化和/或去甲基化酶活性的荧光探针及其制备方法与应用。
本发明第一方面提供一种化合物,其中,所述化合物包括式(I)所示的结构,其中
R1与R2各自独立地选自H、酰基化修饰基团或甲基化修饰基团,R1与R2不同时为H,且R1与R2不同时为酰基化修饰基团;
R3为氨基酸的N端保护基团;
R4为羧基或酰胺基;
S1为氨基酸或多肽;
S2为氨基酸或多肽;
n为2、3或4。
根据本发明的具体实施方案,其中,S2的长度1-7个氨基酸;最优选为1个氨基酸;
优选地,所述S1的长度为1-10个氨基酸;最优选为4个氨基酸。
可以知道,大多数赖氨酸去修饰酶的活性取决于对长而多样的赖氨酸相邻多肽序列的识别。在本发明中,确定目标赖氨酸和O-NBD基团之间长而不同的氨基酸间隔区也可以诱导有效的分子内反应。改变不同多肽底物的长度和序列可以使其适用于进行多种赖氨酸去修饰酶活性检测。
优选地,所述酰基化修饰包括乙酰化(Kac)、丙酰化(Kpr)、丁酰化(Kbu)、巴豆酰化(Kcro)、丙二酰化(Kmal)、琥珀酰化(Ksucc)、戊二酰化(Kglu)、2-羟基异丁酰化(Khib)、β-羟基丁酰化(Kbhb)、肉豆蔻酰化(Kmys)、乳酸化(Klac)、苯甲酰化(Kbz)、硫辛酸化(Klip)和异烟碱化(Kinic)中的一种或两种以上的组合;优选地,所述酰基化修饰为乙酰化(Kac)或琥珀酰化(Ksucc);
所述甲基化修饰为单甲基化(Kme1)、二甲基化(Kme2)和三甲基化(Kme3)中的一种或两种以上的组合;优选地,所述甲基化修饰为二甲基化(Kme2)。
所述化合物包括式(I-1)、式(I-2)或式(I-3)所示的结构,其中
式(I-1):S1为QTAR;S2为STG;R1与R2其中一个为H,另一个为Ac,R3为Ac,R4为CONH2;本发明中式(I-1)所示的化合物又称为Pac-NBD;
式(I-2):S1为QTAR;S2为STG;R1与R2其中一个为H,另一个为COCH2CH2COOH,R3为Ac,R4为CONH2;本发明中式(I-2)所示的化合物又称为Psucc-NBD;
式(I-3):S1为QTAR;S2为STGGK(ac)AP;R1为甲基,R2为甲基,R3为Ac,R4为CONH2,本发明中式(I-3)所示的化合物又称为Pme-NBD;
式(I-1)、式(I-2)和式(I-3)是在式(I)的基础上限定的。
可以知道,本发明可以采用任何合适的氨基酸N端保护基团,包括但不限于乙酰化保护、Fmoc保护、Boc保护、Biotin保护、Z-Glycine(CAS 1138-80-3)保护等;优选地,所述保护基团为乙酰化保护基团。本发明采用乙酰化保护氨基酸的N端,具有体积小、合成简单、不产生其他生物作用的优点。
本发明第二方面提供一种化合物前体,其中,所述化合物前体包括式(II)所示的结构,其中
S1、S2、R1、R2、R3、R4与前面的描述相同。
本发明第三方面提供所述的化合物作为荧光探针在检测去酰基化酶活性和/或去甲基化酶活性中的应用。
本发明第四方面提供所述的化合物的制备方法,所述方法包括:
设计合成所述化合物前体;和
将O-NBD基团偶联到所述前体。
优选地,化合物前体的合成方法为固相合成。
优选地,偶联O-NBD与化合物前体的方法为点击化学反应;
优选地,偶联O-NBD与化合物前体的方法包括铜催化的叠氮-炔基Husigen环加成反应和/或无铜点击化学反应。
根据本发明的具体实施方案,其中,所述方法还包括:
设计合成化合物前体,将所述前体和O-NBD叠氮化物混合在一起;优选地,化合物前体与O-NBD叠氮化物的摩尔比为1:0.4-2.5;进一步优选地,化合物前体与O-NBD叠氮化物的摩尔比为1:2;
然后将上述混合物加入到含有硫酸铜、三(3-羟丙基三氮基甲基)胺和抗坏血酸钠的水溶液中;优选地,硫酸铜、三(3-羟丙基三氮基甲基)胺和抗坏血酸钠摩尔比为1:1-5:1-20,更优选为1:5:2;进一步优选地,多肽与硫酸铜的摩尔比为1:0.2-5,更优选为1:5。将反应溶液在室温搅拌4-12小时。最终产物通过HPLC纯化并通过质谱确认。
优选地,所述O-NBD叠氮化物的制备方法包括:
将4-氟-7-硝基苯并-2-氧杂-1,3-二唑,2-叠氮基乙醇和N,N-二异丙基乙胺溶于二氯甲烷中,室温下搅拌过夜,柱层析分离。
本发明第五方面提供一种检测组蛋白去酰基酶和/或去甲基酶活性的方法,包括以下步骤:
利用所述的化合物作为荧光探针对去酰基酶和/或去甲基酶活性进行检测,评价酶活性;
优选地,所述检测包括将化合物与待测去酰基酶和/或去甲基酶在HEPES缓冲液中孵育,所述HEPES缓冲液包含pH=8.0的20mM HEPES缓冲液;优选地,所述缓冲液还包含辅酶NAD+;优选地,所述缓冲液还包含硫酸亚铁铵(II)、2-氧戊二酸和抗坏血酸;
优选地,孵育温度为37℃,孵育时长为60-180分钟。
根据本发明的具体实施方案,其中,所述评价酶活性的方法包括比色法、高效液相色谱法、质谱法、紫外可见光谱分析和荧光光谱分析;
优选地,所述评价酶活性的方法是通过荧光探针的荧光光谱的变化实现的。
本发明提供的检测赖氨酸去乙酰化酶、去琥珀酰化酶或去甲基化酶活性的荧光探针具有高选择性和灵敏度。本发明制备的这种化合物作为荧光探针为促进表观遗传学中的药物发现提供了有用的工具。
本发明第六方面提供一种用于检测去酰基化和/或去甲基化酶活性的试剂盒,其中,所述试剂盒包括所述的化合物;和pH=8.0的HEPES缓冲液;优选地,HEPES的浓度为20mM;
优选地,所述试剂盒还包括辅酶NAD+;包括辅酶NAD+的试剂盒尤其适用于检测第三大类去酰基化酶(Sirt1-7)活性;
优选地,所述试剂盒还包括硫酸亚铁铵(II)、2-氧戊二酸和抗坏血酸;所述包括硫酸亚铁铵(II)、2-氧戊二酸和抗坏血酸的试剂盒尤其适用于检测JmjC家族去甲基化酶活性。
从另一方面来讲,本发明提出了一种基于硝基苯并呋咱(NBD)的长距离分子内反应检测去酰基化酶和去甲基酶活性的荧光探针的通用设计策略。本设计策略中的荧光探针包含赖氨酸残基ε-氨基翻译后修饰的多肽序列和通过点击化学反应偶联的O-NBD荧光团部分。基于上述设计策略,可以开发酶活性以及赖氨酸去修饰酶功能鉴定的检测探针,并用于相关酶在表观遗传控制和调节中的作用。本发明的有益效果:
本发明中使用的NBD结构的一个主要优点是O-NBD基团不发荧光,而N-NBD基团在更长波长下表现出强荧光。在温和的水性条件下,O-NBD基团和未修饰的赖氨酸残基之间的长氨基酸间隔可以有效地发生长距离分子内反应,产生N-NBD、发出荧光。因此,这是一种“开启”荧光的检测方法。区别于常规使用的荧光淬灭的检测方法。另一个优点是NBD基团的小尺寸有助于最大限度地减少探针与靶标蛋白酶结合时的干扰。在酶促反应去除赖氨酸残基中的酰基后,释放的游离胺与O-NBD部分发生分子内反应,导致荧光开启。
本发明的提出,可以提供强大的工具来有效分析赖氨酸去酰基酶和/或去甲基酶的活性,并有利于在未来加速表观遗传药物的开发。
另外,本发明的基于NBD平台,适用范围大,例如可以很容易地扩展到研究表观遗传擦除器的酶活性方面,这些擦除器可去除其他新型赖氨酸PTM,例如赖氨酸乳酸化、赖氨酸异烟碱化等。本发明的提出将有助于进一步阐明它们的生物学作用。
附图说明
图1本发明所述基于组蛋白去酰基酶和去甲基酶的荧光探针的通用设计方法。
图2本发明所述荧光探针Pac-NBD通过长距离分子内反应检测酶促去乙酰化反应的机理图、HPLC、质谱以及颜色变化图。
图3本发明所述荧光探针Pac-NBD与去乙酰化酶的酶促反应的紫外吸收光谱、荧光光谱、选择性以及时间变化图。
图4本发明所述荧光探针Psucc-NBD通过长距离分子内反应检测酶促去琥珀酰化反应的机理图、HPLC、质谱以及颜色变化图。
图5本发明所述荧光探针Psucc-NBD与去琥珀酰化酶的酶促反应的紫外吸收光谱、荧光光谱、选择性以及时间变化图。
图6本发明所述荧光探针Pme-NBD通过长距离分子内反应检测酶促去甲基化反应的机理图、HPLC、质谱以及紫外吸收和荧光光谱图。
图7为本发明所述荧光探针前体Pac、Psucc和Pme的HPLC图谱。
图8为本发明所述荧光探针前体Pac、Psucc和Pme的ESI-MS图谱。
具体实施方式
由于这些表观遗传擦除酶对底物多肽序列具有识别特异性,设计检测其活性的通用策略存在很大困难。在这里,本发明报告了一种构建荧光探针的通用策略,该探针可以通过基于NBD的长距离分子内反应检测表观遗传“橡皮擦”的酶活性。通过点击化学在特定肽底物的C末端残基上安装O-NBD基团,可以轻松制备荧光探针。并且,本发明提供的荧光探针为单步荧光探针。基于此策略,通过荧光探针开发成功实现了对赖氨酸去乙酰化酶、去琥珀酰化酶或去甲基化酶活性的检测,具有优异的灵敏度和选择性。本发明的荧光探针将提供强大的工具,以促进未来表观遗传学中的药物发现。
本发明通过基于NBD的长距离分子内反应检测去酰基酶和去甲基酶活性的荧光探针制备的通用策略如图1所示。本发明的策略简述如下:
①荧光探针的前体的C末端残基上安装O-NBD基团:基于NBD的用于检测去酰基酶和去甲基酶活性的荧光探针是通过铜催化的点击化学反应(Click chemistry)在前体的多肽的C末端残基上安装O-NBD基团;通过改变多肽底物的长度和序列可以设计相应的荧光探针检测不同的赖氨酸去修饰酶活性;
②酶催化的去酰基或去甲基化反应:当探针与相应的去酰基酶或去甲基酶相互作用时,会发生酶催化的去酰基或去甲基化反应,从而释放赖氨酸残基侧链的伯胺或仲胺基团;
③形成N-NBD:O-NBD会与伯胺或仲胺基团发生自发的长距离分子内交换,形成N-NBD,导致荧光开启。
所述荧光“开启”的发光物质为硝基苯并氧化呋咱(O-NBD)。
为使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合具体实施方式,进一步阐述本发明。但本发明的保护范围并不局限于以下实施例所述。
实施例1
本实施例提供合成O-NBD叠氮化物的方法。制备步骤如下:
将Fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole(40mg,0.218mmol)溶解在DCM中。然后加入2-叠氮乙醇(20μL,0.262mmol)和76μL DIEA。混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。减压除去溶剂后,粗产物经硅胶柱层析(DCM:PE=1:1)。产物通过在DCM/己烷中重结晶进一步纯化,在真空干燥后得到O-NBD叠氮化物,为黄色固体(31.0mg,56.9%产率)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.55(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),6.75(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),4.58(t,J=4.9Hz,2H),3.86(t,J=4.9Hz,2H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ153.9,145.1,144.0,133.7,130.4,105.3,69.8,49.6。
实施例2
本实施例提供荧光探针前体Pac、Psucc和Pme的制备方法。制备步骤如下:
荧光探针前体QTARK(ac)STG-Pra(Pac)、QTARK(succ)STG-Pra(Psucc)和QTARK(me2)STGGK(ac)AP-Pra(Pme)是使用固相肽合成(SPPS)方法的标准Fmoc方案合成的。
荧光探针前体中,除Pra(炔丙基甘氨酸)外的多肽的序列编号为:
SEQ ID NO.1:QTARK(ac)STG;
SEQ ID NO.2:QTARK(succ)STG;
SEQ ID NO.3:QTARK(me2)STGGK(ac)AP。
每个步骤中的偶联使用Fmoc氨基酸(4.0equiv.)、HATU(4.0equiv.)和DIEA(8.0equiv.)在Rink-amide MBHA树脂(负载量0.868mmol/g)上进行。在用DMF、DCM和DMF洗涤反应混合物后,使用20%哌啶/DMF除去Fmoc保护基。偶联后,将溶液吡啶:乙酸酐:二氯甲烷(1:1:2)与树脂一起加入30分钟,得到N端乙酰化肽。肽合成完成后,树脂用TFA/TIS/H2O(95:2.5:2.5)处理2小时以释放肽。通过用冰冷的乙醚沉淀来收获肽。在重新悬浮在冰冷的乙醚中并离心后收集粗产物。在C18柱上使用反相HPLC纯化肽,并通过HPLC和ESI-MS验证,结果如图7和图8所示。图7中:A为Pac的HPLC图谱;B为Psucc的HPLC图谱;C为Pme的HPLC图谱。图8中:A为Pac的ESI-MS图谱,LCMS m/z=1026.9[M+H]+,B为Psucc的ESI-MS图谱,LCMSm/z=1084.7[M+H]+,C为Pme的ESI-MS图谱,LCMS m/z=1408.1[M+H]+。在这些肽合成中,使用的Fmoc-氨基酸为:Fmoc-Gln(Trt)-OH、Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Ala-OH、Fmoc-Arg(Pbf)-OH、Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-Gly-OH、Fmoc-Pro-OH、Fmoc-Lys(Ac)-OH、Fmoc-Lys(Dde)-OH、Fmoc-Lys(Me)2-OH·HCl和Fmoc-Pra-OH。
实施例3
本实施例提供荧光探针Pac-NBD、Psucc-NBD和Pme-NBD的制备方法。制备步骤如下:
将实施例2中得到的荧光探针前体(Pac、Psucc或Pme)(0.2mM)与O-NBD叠氮化物(0.4mM)溶液混合在一起。然后将混合物加入到CuSO4(1mM)、THPTA(5mM)和抗坏血酸钠(2mM)的水溶液中。将反应溶液在室温搅拌4小时。最终产物Pac-NBD、Psucc-NBD和Pme-NBD通过HPLC纯化并通过质谱确认。荧光探针Pac-NBD的LCMS m/z=1276.51[M+H]+;Psucc-NBD的LCMS m/z=1334.66[M+H]+;Pme-NBD的LCMS m/z=829.87[M+2H]2+。
实施例4
本实施例提供荧光探针Pac-NBD通过长距离分子内反应检测酶促去乙酰化反应的方法。步骤如下:
Pac-NBD与sirtuins和辅酶NAD+在HEPES缓冲液(pH=8.0、20mM HEPES)中在37℃下孵育95分钟。
图2中A为Pac-NBD探针通过长距离分子内反应检测酶促去乙酰化反应的机制。使用的多肽序列是组蛋白H3肽(氨基酸5-12),在第9位为乙酰化赖氨酸残基。
接下来对Pac-NBD荧光探针是否可以被Sirt1识别和去乙酰化进行研究,研究方法为HPLC、质谱和比色法,结果分别如图2中B、图2中C和图2中D所示。结果表明该反应溶液的颜色在95分钟反应后变为黄色并在紫外光下显示出强烈的绿色荧光,它产生了预期的去乙酰基/交换产物。
这些数据表明:①基于NBD的H3K9(ac)多肽探针可以被已知的Kac“橡皮擦”Sirt1识别;②O-NBD和NH2基团之间发生了长距离分子内反应,尽管中间含有三个不同的氨基酸。
实施例5
本实施例提供Pac-NBD与去乙酰化酶酶促反应的吸收光谱和荧光光谱的测量方法。
测量步骤为:将反应设定为总反应体积为200μL。在300至600nm范围内收集吸收光谱。使用480nm的激发波长在520和700nm之间收集使用Pac-NBD的酶促反应的荧光光谱。
测量结果为:开始时,Pac-NBD在380nm处观察到一个明显的吸收峰,对应于O-NBD结构的吸收峰。在与Sirt1和NAD+发生酶促反应后,在480nm处检测到一个新的吸收峰(图3中A),表明形成了N-NBD。随后,进行了更详细的荧光研究。
结果表明,仅Pac-NBD、Pac-NBD在存在变性Sirt1和没有Sirt1或NAD+的情况下显示可忽略不计的荧光(λex=480nm)。然而,在添加Sirt1和NAD+后,在相同的激发波长下观察到了一个强发射峰(图3中B)。
研究Pac-NBD探针对其他去HDAC的反应的结果表明,Pac-NBD探针对Sirt1、Sirt2、Sirt3和HDAC3显示出良好的活性(图3中C)。
通过使用Pac-NBD探针监测Sirt1的活性(图3中D),结果显示:最初反应液的荧光强度较弱,但是在孵育过程中迅速增加,并在一小时后趋于平稳。通过将荧光数据拟合到指数方程,Sirt1的一阶速率常数k确定为0.033min-1。值得一提的是,Pac-NBD探针在缓冲溶液中相当稳定,探针的背景信号可以忽略不计。
所有实验共同证实了本发明基于NBD的荧光探针进行长距离分子内反应的可行性。验证了本发明所提供的策略的通用性,即通过使用不同的翻译后修饰多肽底物,合成稳定且灵敏的探针用于单步检测其他赖氨酸PTM“擦除器”是一种潜在的通用策略。
实施例6
本实施例提供Pcucc-NBD通过长距离分子内反应检测酶促去琥珀酰化反应的方法。
图4中A为Psucc-NBD探针通过长距离分子内反应检测酶促去琥珀酰化反应的机制。使用的多肽序列是组蛋白H3肽(氨基酸5-12),在第9位为琥珀酰化修饰的赖氨酸残基。
接下来验证Psucc-NBD多肽探针是否可以被去琥珀酰化酶Sirt5识别与擦除。Pcucc-NBD与sirtuins和辅酶NAD+在HEPES缓冲液(pH=8.0、20mM HEPES)中在37℃下孵育115分钟。
HPLC、质谱和比色发法研究结果分别如图4中B、图4中C和图4中D所示,结果表明该反应溶液的颜色在2小时反应后变为黄色并在紫外光下显示出强烈的绿色荧光,它产生了预期的去琥珀酰化/交换产物。
实施例7
本实施例提供Psucc-NBD与去琥珀酰化酶酶促反应的吸收光谱和荧光光谱的测量方法。
测量步骤为:将反应设定为总反应体积为200μL。在300至600nm范围内收集吸收光谱。使用480nm的激发波长在520和700nm之间收集使用Psucc-NBD的酶促反应的荧光光谱。
测量结果为:开始时,Psucc-NBD在380nm处观察到一个明显的吸收峰(图5中A),对应于O-NBD单元的吸收峰。在与Sirt5和NAD+发生酶促反应后,在480nm处检测到一个新的吸收峰,表明形成了N-NBD。
随后,进行了更详细的荧光研究。结果表明,仅Psucc-NBD、Psucc-NBD在存在变性Sirt5和没有Sirt5或NAD+的情况下显示可忽略不计的荧光(λex=480nm)。然而,在添加Sirt5和NAD+后,在相同的激发波长下观察到了一个强发射峰(图5中B)。
研究Psucc-NBD探针对其他HDAC的反应的结果表明,Psucc-NBD探针对Sirt5显示出良好的活性(图5中C)。通过使用Psucc-NBD探针监测Sirt5的活性,最初荧光强度较弱,并在孵育过程中迅速增加,于一小时后趋于平稳(图5中D)。通过将荧光数据拟合到指数方程,Sirt5的一阶速率常数k确定为0.025min-1。值得一提的是,Psucc-NBD探针在缓冲溶液中相当稳定,探针的背景信号可以忽略不计。
这些数据表明探针Psucc-NBD可以提供一种有用的工具来筛选潜在的去琥珀酰化酶抑制剂。Psucc-NBD探针将为表观遗传学研究和发现用于治疗乳腺癌的Sirt5靶向药物提供强大的工具。
实施例8
本实施例提供Pme-NBD通过长距离分子内反应检测酶促去甲基化反应的实验方法。
图6中A为Pme-NBD探针通过长距离分子内反应检测酶促去琥珀酰化反应的机制。
接下来验证Pme-NBD多肽探针是否可以被去琥珀酰化酶Sirt5识别与擦除。
将Pme-NBD多肽探针与JMJD2E酶在HEPES缓冲液(pH=8.0,20mM HEPES,100μM硫酸亚铁铵(II),500μM 2-氧戊二酸,2mM抗坏血酸)中混合。
使用495nm的激发波长在520和850nm之间测量Pme-NBD的酶促反应。HPLC和质谱结果表明Pme-NBD生成了预期的单甲基化/交换产物(图6中B、C和D)。尽管间隔基包含七个氨基酸,但在非荧光O-NBD基团和单甲基化胺基团之间发生了长距离分子内反应。
使用Pme-NBD通过详细的紫外吸收和荧光光谱进一步分析去甲基化酶的酶活性。开始时,Pme-NBD在380nm处有一个明显的吸收峰,对应于O-NBD基团。与JMJD2E酶促反应2小时后,在495nm而不是480nm处检测到新的吸收峰,表明形成N(Me)-NBD而不是N(H)-NBD探针产物(图6中E)。
此外,还进行了更详细的荧光研究(图6中F)。结果显示仅Pme-NBD探针的荧光可忽略不计,没有酶JMJD2E或辅因子Fe2+(λex=495nm)。加入JMJD2E和辅因子Fe2+后,在相同的激发波长下观察到强发射峰。荧光增加被确定为高达23倍。本发明还在JMJD2E抑制测试中使用了该探针,IOX1是一种强大且特异性的JMJD2E抑制剂。当Pme-NBD在IOX1存在下与JMJD2E一起孵育时,探针的荧光增强被显着抑制到背景水平(图6中F)。因此,探针可检测到IOX1对酶活性的抑制。
进一步检查了与Pme-NBD探针的酶促反应的动力学。如图6中G所示,在探针与JMJD2E在37℃孵育期间,探针的荧光强度最初很弱,并且在孵育过程中急剧增加。通过将荧光数据拟合到指数方程,确定JMJD2E的一阶速率常数k为0.018min-1。与去酰基酶探针Pac-NBD和Psucc-NBD类似,Pme-NBD探针在缓冲溶液中也很稳定,探针的背景信号可以忽略不计(图6中G)。
这些结果表明,Pme-NBD探针是一种稳定且灵敏的基于NBD的荧光探针,用于检测去甲基化酶活性。它为表观遗传学研究领域和开发可能具有抗癌剂能力的去甲基化酶抑制剂提供了强有力的工具。
鉴于此,本发明提供了具有高选择性和灵敏度的检测赖氨酸去乙酰化酶、去琥珀酰化酶或去甲基化酶活性的荧光探针。本发明制备的这种探针为促进表观遗传学中的药物发现提供了有用的工具。对于开发能够检测酶活性以及揭示更多赖氨酸去修饰酶,并阐明它们在表观遗传控制和调节中的作用有重要意义。
基于NBD的多肽荧光探针的长距离分子内反应有力地证明,使用点击化学将NBD荧光团连接到酶识别的不同多肽序列的C末端是开发新型荧光探针的通用且便捷的策略。尽管本发明仅列举了关于识别Kac、Ksucc和Kme2残基的HDAC和JmjC家族酶的情况,不难理解,本发明的技术方案可以扩展到识别其它的PTM,例如赖氨酸丙酰化、巴豆酰化、苯甲酰化、乳酸化、甲基丙烯酰化和其他新发现的PTM。本发明提供的这种设计策略对于开发能够检测酶活性以及揭示更多赖氨酸去修饰酶的身份非常有用,有望阐明它们在表观遗传控制和调节中的作用。
最后说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (10)
1.一种化合物,所述化合物包括式(I)所示的结构,其中
R1与R2各自独立地选自H、酰基化修饰基团或甲基化修饰基团,R1与R2不同时为H,且R1与R2不同时为酰基化修饰基团;
R3为氨基酸的N端保护基团;
R4为羧基或酰胺基;
S1为氨基酸或多肽;
S2为氨基酸或多肽;
n为2、3或4。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中,所述S2的长度为1-7个氨基酸;
优选地,所述S1的长度为1-10个氨基酸。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的化合物,其中,所述酰基化修饰包括乙酰化(Kac)、丙酰化(Kpr)、丁酰化(Kbu)、巴豆酰化(Kcro)、丙二酰化(Kmal)、琥珀酰化(Ksucc)、戊二酰化(Kglu)、2-羟基异丁酰化(Khib)、β-羟基丁酰化(Kbhb)、肉豆蔻酰化(Kmys)、乳酸化(Klac)、苯甲酰化(Kbz)、硫辛酸化(Klip)和异烟碱化(Kinic)中的一种或两种以上的组合;优选地,所述酰基化修饰为乙酰化(Kac)或琥珀酰化(Ksucc);
所述甲基化修饰为单甲基化(Kme1)、二甲基化(Kme2)和三甲基化(Kme3)中的一种或两种以上的组合;优选地,所述甲基化修饰为二甲基化(Kme2)。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的化合物,其中,所述化合物包括式(I-1)、式(I-2)或式(I-3)所示的结构,其中
式(I-1):S1为QTAR;S2为STG;R1与R2其中一个为H,另一个为Ac,R3为Ac,R4为CONH2;
式(I-2):S1为QTAR;S2为STG;R1与R2其中一个为H,另一个为COCH2CH2COOH,R3为Ac,R4为CONH2;
式(I-3):S1为QTAR;S2为STGGK(ac)AP;R1为甲基,R2为甲基,R3为Ac,R4为CONH2。
5.一种化合物前体,其中,所述化合物前体包括式(II)所示的结构,其中
S1、S2、R1、R2、R3、R4与权利要求1-4任一项相同。
6.权利要求1-4任一项所述的化合物作为荧光探针在检测去酰基化酶活性和/或去甲基化酶活性中的应用。
7.一种制备权利要求1-4任一项所述的化合物的方法,所述方法包括:
设计合成权利要求5所述的化合物前体;和
将O-NBD基团偶联到所述前体;
优选地,偶联O-NBD与前体的方法为点击化学反应;
进一步优选地,偶联O-NBD与前体的方法包括铜催化的叠氮-炔基Husigen环加成反应和/或无铜点击化学反应。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中,所述方法还包括:
设计合成化合物前体,将所述前体和O-NBD叠氮化物混合在一起;优选地,前体与O-NBD叠氮化物的摩尔比为1:0.4-2.5;进一步优选地,前体与O-NBD叠氮化物的摩尔比为1:2;
然后将上述混合物加入到含有硫酸铜、三(3-羟丙基三氮基甲基)胺和抗坏血酸钠的水溶液中;优选地,硫酸铜、三(3-羟丙基三氮基甲基)胺和抗坏血酸钠摩尔比为1:1-5:1-20,更优选为1:5:2;进一步优选地,多肽与硫酸铜的摩尔比为1:0.2-5,更优选为1:5;
优选地,所述O-NBD叠氮化物的制备方法包括:将4-氟-7-硝基苯并-2-氧杂-1,3-二唑,2-叠氮基乙醇和N,N-二异丙基乙胺溶于二氯甲烷中,室温下搅拌过夜,柱层析分离。
9.一种检测组蛋白去酰基酶和/或去甲基酶活性的方法,包括以下步骤:
利用权利要求1-4任一项所述的化合物对去酰基酶和/或去甲基酶活性进行检测,评价酶活性;
优选地,所述检测包括将化合物与待测去酰基酶和/或去甲基酶在HEPES缓冲液中孵育,所述HEPES缓冲液包含pH=8.0的20mM HEPES缓冲液;优选地,所述缓冲液还包含辅酶NAD+;优选地,所述缓冲液还包含硫酸亚铁铵(II)、2-氧戊二酸和抗坏血酸;
优选地,所述评价酶活性的方法包括比色法、高效液相色谱法、质谱法、紫外可见光谱分析和/或荧光光谱分析。
10.一种用于检测去酰基化和/或去甲基化酶活性的试剂盒,其中,所述试剂盒包括权利要求1-4任一项所述的化合物;和pH=8.0HEPES缓冲液;
优选地,所述试剂盒还包括辅酶NAD+;优选地,所述试剂盒还包括硫酸亚铁铵(II)、2-氧戊二酸和抗坏血酸。
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