CN117562619A - A kind of grinding blade and orthopedic scalpel - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a polishing blade and an orthopedic scalpel, belonging to the technical field of medical instruments. The orthopedic scalpel includes a handle and a grinding head. The grinding head includes a main body, a mandrel and a transmission component located in the main body. The input end of the transmission component is used to be drivingly connected to the motor of the handle and the output end is drivingly connected to the mandrel; the transmission component The transmission ratio of the component is less than 1, and the core shaft can rotate around its own axis and reciprocate along the axial direction, so that the rotation speed of the core shaft is greater than the rotation speed of the input end and can apply axial impact load. The transmission assembly of the grinding cutter head and orthopedic scalpel provided by the present invention can increase the rotation speed of the mandrel. While rotating at high speed, the head of the mandrel can apply an axial impact load. The two cooperate with each other to effectively improve the grinding efficiency. , shorten the treatment time and improve the success rate of surgery.

Description

A kind of grinding blade and orthopedic scalpel

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of medical devices, and specifically relates to a polishing blade and an orthopedic scalpel.

Background technique

The orthopedic scalpel is used for grinding human bones. The orthopedic scalpel includes a grinding head and a handle. The handle is connected to the main unit of the surgical power device. The orthopedic scalpel has a wide range of applications depending on the department in which it is used. Common application areas include: 1. Grinding the bone of the lesion tissue, such as grinding of hyperplasia bone for nerve decompression: 2. It is to establish a working channel for surgery. For example, the establishment of cochlear implant channel requires grinding of bone, and transnasal skull base surgery requires Grinding skull base bone: 3. Grinding bone in the field of medical beauty, such as grinding and reshaping the mandible.

The ultrasonic osteotome has been used clinically for many years. Its working principle is to use a transducer to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, causing the cutter head to vibrate at high frequencies. It mainly uses longitudinal vibration to impact and destroy bone. At the same time, due to its small amplitude, It is usually only 0.1-0.2mm, and soft tissues such as nerves and blood vessels can flexibly avoid contact with it, achieving the effect of "eating hard but not soft" without damaging soft tissues. Due to the high vibration frequency of the ultrasonic osteotome, it can achieve high-frequency impact on hard bone tissue, and its cutting or grinding hard bone efficiency is extremely high. However, its cutting or grinding efficiency on cartilage tissue is significantly reduced, and the expected effect cannot be achieved.

Most of the existing medical grinding heads have a single structure and are used in conjunction with conventional handles. Their rotation speed is low and the grinding efficiency is low, which prolongs the bone grinding time and delays the treatment effect.

Contents of the invention

In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a grinding blade and an orthopedic scalpel. The transmission assembly can increase the rotation speed of the mandrel. While rotating at a high speed, the head of the mandrel can apply an axial impact load, and the two cooperate with each other. , which can effectively improve grinding efficiency, shorten treatment time, and improve surgical success rate.

The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

The invention provides a grinding cutter head, which includes a main body, a mandrel and a transmission assembly located in the main body. The input end of the transmission assembly is used for transmission connection with the motor of the handle and the output end is transmission connection with the mandrel. ; The transmission ratio of the transmission component is less than 1, and the core shaft can rotate around its own axis and can reciprocate along the axial direction, so that the rotation speed of the core shaft is greater than the rotation speed of the input end and can apply axial impact load.

As an alternative to the above technical solution, the main body is provided with balls, a closed-loop cam groove is provided on the circumference of the mandrel, and a part of the balls is rollably embedded in the cam groove.

As an optional solution to the above technical solution, the main body is provided with a radial through hole, and the balls are embedded in the radial through hole.

As an alternative to the above technical solution, the cam groove has a high point and a low point. In the axial direction along the mandrel, the high point is closer to the front end of the mandrel than the low point. .

As an alternative to the above technical solution, the mandrel is provided with a cylindrical and coaxial cam portion, and the cam groove is provided in the cam portion.

As an optional solution to the above technical solution, the output end is provided with a transmission groove, the rear end of the mandrel is provided with a transmission head, and the transmission head is slidably inserted into the transmission groove.

As an optional solution to the above technical solution, the transmission groove adopts a straight-shaped groove, the transmission head is a flat square socket, and the flat square socket is plug-fitted with the straight-shaped groove.

As an optional solution to the above technical solution, the input end includes an input gear, the output end includes an output gear, the input gear meshes with the output gear, and the number of teeth of the input gear is greater than the number of teeth of the output gear.

As an optional solution to the above technical solution, the gear ratio of the input gear and the output gear is 2:1.

As an optional solution to the above technical solution, the main body includes an outer casing, the outer casing includes an eccentrically arranged first cavity and a second cavity, the input end is rotatably disposed in the first cavity, and the The output end is rotatably disposed in the second cavity.

As an optional solution to the above technical solution, a slope is provided on the lower side of the front half of the outer shell.

As an optional solution to the above technical solution, the main body further includes a positioning sleeve, the positioning sleeve is inserted into the outer shell and the two are threadedly engaged, and the input gear is rotatably supported on the positioning sleeve.

As an alternative to the above technical solution, the front end of the mandrel is provided with a grinding head, the grinding head is cylindrical, and the front end surface of the grinding head is provided with several grinding protrusions.

As an optional solution to the above technical solution, the main body includes an outer cutter tube and a tapered tube, and the tapered tube is provided at the front end of the main body.

As an alternative to the above technical solution, the main body also includes a middle casing and an inner casing, the middle casing is provided with axial slits, and the front and rear ends of the inner casing are respectively provided with There are drainage holes corresponding to the axial slits, and the mandrel is inserted into the inner casing.

The invention also provides an orthopedic scalpel, which includes a handle and the above-mentioned grinding head. The handle includes a motor, and the motor is drivingly connected to the input end of the transmission assembly.

As an optional solution to the above technical solution, the front end of the handle is provided with an elastic sleeve, the elastic sleeve has several elastic teeth, the outer side of the elastic teeth is provided with a limiting protrusion, and the inner side of the rear end of the grinding head An annular protrusion is provided, and when the handle is inserted into the rear end of the grinding head, the limiting protrusion is blocked by the annular protrusion.

As an optional solution to the above technical solution, the back end of the grinding head is provided with a limiting portion, the limiting portion is provided with several anti-rotation grooves in the circumferential direction, and the front end of the handle is provided with an anti-rotation pin, so The anti-rotation pin is selectively inserted into one of the anti-rotation grooves.

As an optional solution to the above technical solution, the handle also includes an adapter and a front cylinder. The elastic sleeve and the front cylinder are both sleeved on the adapter. The adapter is threaded with the adapter. Connect and press the elastic sleeve tightly.

As an optional solution to the above technical solution, the elastic sleeve further includes a collar, the elastic teeth are distributed on the collar, the adapter is provided with a limiting ring, the front cylinder and the limiting ring The collar is clamped and fixed.

As an optional solution to the above technical solution, the handle is provided with a first water cooling channel, the grinding head is provided with a second water cooling channel, the first water cooling channel and the second water cooling channel are connected and connected by the The rear end of the handle extends to the front end of the grinding head.

As an optional solution to the above technical solution, the handle also includes an outer cylinder. The outer cylinder is provided with a front annular groove, a rear annular groove and a spiral water groove. The spiral water groove extends along the spiral direction and is used to communicate with the The front annular groove and the rear annular groove are provided with several front water outlets, and the rear annular groove is provided with several rear water outlets.

As an optional solution to the above technical solution, the handle also includes a tail sleeve. The tail sleeve is provided with a water injection pipe, a water flow channel and a water flow ring that are connected in sequence. The water injection pipe is inserted into the water flow channel, so The water passing ring is adjacent to and connected with the rear water outlet hole.

As an optional solution to the above technical solution, the tail sleeve is hollow and includes a first part and a second part. The second half of the first part is detachably connected to the second part and forms a cylinder. Shape, the rear end of the first part and the rear end of the second part form a wire hole for fixing the cable.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The orthopedic scalpel provided by the invention includes a handle and a grinding head. The transmission ratio of the transmission component of the grinding head is less than 1, which can increase the rotation speed of the mandrel so that the rotation speed of the mandrel is greater than the motor speed of the handle. The mandrel rotates at high speed. At the same time, its head can exert axial impact load on the grinding part. The high-speed rotational grinding of the mandrel and the application of axial impact load complement each other and can effectively improve the bone grinding efficiency, shorten the treatment time, and improve the success rate of the operation. The grinding head provided by the present invention can grind both cartilage and hard bone. It can not only overcome the defect of low rotational grinding efficiency of the traditional grinding head, but also overcome the defect of the ultrasonic bone knife being unable to polish cartilage.

Description of the drawings

In order to explain the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some of the drawings of the present invention. Embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without exerting creative efforts. The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become clearer as shown in the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers refer to the same parts throughout the drawings. The drawings are not intentionally scaled to actual size, and the emphasis is on illustrating the gist of the present invention.

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an orthopedic scalpel provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the handle of an orthopedic scalpel provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 3 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the handle of an orthopedic scalpel provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the outer cylinder of the handle of an orthopedic scalpel provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the tail cover of the handle of an orthopedic scalpel provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the transmission fork of the handle of the orthopedic scalpel provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the elastic sleeve of the handle of an orthopedic scalpel provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the grinding head of an orthopedic scalpel provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of the polished blade of an orthopedic scalpel provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the positioning sleeve of the polishing blade of an orthopedic scalpel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 11 is a schematic structural diagram of the grinding head of the orthopedic scalpel provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 12 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of part A of Figure 9;

Figure 13 is a schematic structural diagram of the mandrel of the grinding head of an orthopedic scalpel provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 14 is a schematic structural diagram of the outer shell of the polishing head of an orthopedic scalpel provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 15 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of part B of Figure 9;

Figure 16 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of part C in Figure 9;

Figure 17 is a schematic structural diagram of the middle sleeve of the polishing head of an orthopedic scalpel provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view along line A-A of Figure 9;

Fig. 19 is a B-B cross-sectional view of Fig. 9 .

Icon: 10-orthopedic scalpel; 11-handle; 14-polishing head; 110-outer cylinder; 111-outer sleeve; 112-tail sleeve; 113-rubber sleeve; 114-motor; 120-adapter; 121- Transmission fork; 122-front cylinder; 123-elastic sleeve; 124-anti-rotation pin; 125-cable; 130-front annular groove; 131-rear annular groove; 132-spiral sink; 133-front water outlet; 134- Rear water outlet hole; 135-water injection pipe; 136-water passage; 137-water ring passage; 140-mandrel; 141-input end; 142-output end; 143-outer shell; 144-positioning sleeve; 145-outer Knife tube; 146-middle casing; 147-inner casing; 148-tapered tube; 149-transition shaft; 150-transition tube; 151-sheath; 160-grinding head; 161-ball; 162-cam part; 163-cam groove; 164-limiting part; 165-anti-rotation groove; 166-annular protrusion; 170-axial slit; 171-drainage hole; 172-first gap; 173-second gap; 174- Internal water tank; 175-axial water channel; 176-radial water channel; 177-plug.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments These are some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations.

Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the appended drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but rather to represent selected embodiments of the invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following figures, therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need further definition and explanation in subsequent figures.

In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to differentiate descriptions and are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

Referring to Figure 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides an orthopedic scalpel 10 for polishing human bones. The orthopedic scalpel 10 can be used in different departments for polishing different bones. Grinding, for example, grinding of bone hyperplasia used for nerve decompression, grinding of cranial bone, grinding of mandible, etc.

Among them, the orthopedic scalpel 10 is mainly composed of a handle 11 and a grinding head 14. The handle 11 is connected and driven with the grinding head 14. The connection method between the handle 11 and the grinding head 14 is not limited. It should be noted that both the handle 11 and the grinding head 14 can be independently manufactured, used, and sold.

For the convenience of description, the following definition is first made: the orthopedic scalpel 10 has front and rear directions, where "front" refers to the position close to the part to be ground, and "rear" refers to the position far away from the part to be ground. The following is for the handle. 11 and the structure of the grinding head 14 are described in detail.

The main function of the handle 11 is to provide power for the grinding head 14 to drive some components of the grinding head 14 to rotate at high speed. As shown in FIG. 2 , the handle 11 includes a first body and a motor 114 , and the motor 114 is located in the first body.

The structure of the first body is not limited. The first body is provided with an accommodation cavity, and the motor 114 is located in the accommodation cavity. The shape of the motor 114 is not limited, and it matches the receiving cavity. In some embodiments, the motor 114 can be cylindrical, prism-shaped, etc.

In this embodiment, the structure of the first body can adopt but is not limited to the following solution: Please refer to Figures 2 to 4. The first body includes an outer cylinder 110 and a tail sleeve 112. The tail sleeve 112 is arranged on the outer cylinder. 110 backend.

In some embodiments, an outer sleeve 111 can also be set on the outside of the outer cylinder 110. The outer sleeve 111 can be made of rubber material, metal material, etc., to facilitate the grasp of workers.

The shape of the outer cylinder 110 is not limited. For example, the outer cylinder 110 may be in a cylindrical shape, a prism shape, an irregular shape, etc. The outer cylinder 110 has a cylindrical structure, and its rear end can be opened so that the motor 114 can be put in from the rear.

The tail sleeve 112 is used to seal the rear end of the outer cylinder 110 to prevent the motor 114 from being separated from the rear end of the outer cylinder 110 . The connection method between the tail boot 112 and the outer cylinder 110 is not limited, for example, they can be welded, clamped, or fixed by bolts. In this embodiment, the following solutions may be adopted but are not limited to: the front end of the tail sleeve 112 and the outer cylinder 110 are connected through threads to achieve fixation. For example, the inner surface of the rear end of the outer cylinder 110 is provided with internal threads, part or all of the tail sleeve 112 is inserted into the outer cylinder 110, and the outer surface of the front end of the tail sleeve 112 is provided with external threads, and the external threads match the internal threads.

The style of the tail boot 112 can adopt but is not limited to the following solutions: Please refer to Figure 5, the tail boot 112 can be hollow, the tail boot 112 includes a first part and a second part, the first part includes a connecting part and a threading part, where, The connecting part can be cylindrical, and the connecting part is used to connect with the outer cylinder 110. The external thread can be provided on the outer surface of the connecting part. The second half of the first part, that is, the threading part and the second part can be roughly semicircular. Cylindrical, the two are detachably connected, and the connection method is not limited. In this embodiment, the two can be fixed with several screws. The threading part and the second part form a cylindrical shape. The rear end of the first part and the second part A cable hole is formed at the rear end, and the cable hole is used to fix cables. The cable contains several strands inside. The head of the cable needs to be removed from the outer sheath in order to facilitate connection with the motor 114. Therefore, the tail sleeve 112 is hollow inside to facilitate the installation of the cable. In addition, the wire hole can be used to connect the cable without removing the sheath. Cable fixation can prevent cables from loosening and shifting.

In some embodiments, a rubber sleeve 113 may be provided on the outside of the tail sleeve 112 , wherein the outer surface of the tail sleeve 112 may be provided with anti-slip patterns. The rubber sleeve 113 is set on the tail sleeve 112 , and the rubber sleeve 113 secures the tail sleeve 113 to the tail sleeve 112 . Part of the outer surface of 112 and the rear end surface are covered. Of course, it is also possible that the outer surface of the rubber sleeve 113 is not provided with anti-skid patterns.

The motor 114 is embedded in the outer cylinder 110. The inner surface of the front end of the outer cylinder 110 is provided with a limiting structure. The style of the limiting structure is not limited. The limiting structure can be an annular limiting step or a limiting protrusion. The front end of the motor 114 is in contact with the limiting structure, the front end of the motor 114 is limited by the limiting structure, and the rear end of the motor 114 is limited by the tail sleeve 112 . In order to prevent the motor 114 from rotating abnormally, screws or bolts can also be used to fix the outer cylinder 110 and the motor 114 .

The front end of the motor 114 has an output shaft, and the rear end is connected to a cable 125. The cable 125 is used for electrical connection with an external power source. Of course, in other embodiments, the output terminal 142 and the cable 125 can also be arranged in other positions.

In order to facilitate the transmission connection between the output shaft of the motor 114 and the grinding head 14, the following solutions can also be adopted, but are not limited to: As shown in Figure 6, a transmission fork 121 can be provided on the output shaft of the motor 114, and the transmission fork 121 The rear end is provided with a jack, and the output shaft is inserted into the jack and both are fixed by radial pins. The front end of the transmission fork 121 can be provided with a slot, a cross slot, etc. for transmission connection with the grinding head 14 . The transmission fork 121 needs to be used in conjunction with the grinding head 14.

The grinding head 14 is powered by the handle 11 and is used to grind the parts to be polished. As shown in Figures 8 and 9, the grinding head 14 is mainly composed of a second body, a mandrel 140 and a transmission assembly. The core The shaft 140 and the transmission assembly are both located in the second body. Of course, the front end of the core shaft 140 can extend from the second body, and the motor 114 can drive the core shaft 140 to rotate through the transmission assembly.

The rear end of the second body can be connected to the handle 11, and the connection method between the two is not limited. In this embodiment, the connection method between the second body and the handle 11 can adopt but is not limited to the following solution: Please refer to Figure 2, The handle 11 includes an adapter 120, an elastic sleeve 123 and a front barrel 122. The adapter 120 is hollow, and the adapter 120 is connected to the outer cylinder 110. The connection method between the two is not limited. For example, the rear end of the adapter 120 is threadedly connected to the outer cylinder 110, and the transmission fork 121 can be located in the adapter 120. The output shaft of the motor 114 can extend into the adapter 120 and be connected with the transmission fork 121 .

The elastic sleeve 123 is set on the adapter 120. As shown in Figure 7, the elastic sleeve 123 includes a sleeve and several elastic teeth. The elastic teeth are distributed at the rear end of the sleeve. The plurality of elastic teeth are along the circumferential direction of the sleeve. Evenly spaced. The elastic teeth are elastic and can undergo elastic deformation. There is a certain gap between the inner side of the elastic teeth and the outer surface of the adapter 120 so that the elastic teeth can bend and deform inwardly. A limiting protrusion is provided on the outside of the elastic tooth. The limiting protrusion can be arranged on the outside of the end of the elastic tooth away from the collar. The shape of the limiting protrusion is not limited. For example, both front and rear sides of the limiting protrusion can be slopes. In some other embodiments, the elastic teeth can also be provided at the front end of the collar, or the limiting protrusion can be provided at the middle outer side of the elastic teeth, etc.

Correspondingly, an annular protrusion 166 is provided on the inner side of the rear end of the grinding head 14 (please refer to FIGS. 9 and 10 ), and the annular protrusion 166 is circular. When the handle 11 is inserted into the rear end of the grinding head 14, the limiting protrusion gradually approaches the annular protrusion 166 from the rear of the annular protrusion 166. When the two are in contact, the handle 11 continues to be inserted. At this time, the annular protrusion 166 squeezes the limit protrusion, and the elastic teeth undergo elastic deformation until part or all of the limit protrusion is located in front of the annular protrusion 166. At this time, the elastic teeth can be fully or partially reset, and the limit protrusion is surrounded by the ring. When there is no external force or the external force is small, the limiting protrusion cannot cross the annular protrusion 166 and the handle 11 cannot be pulled out backward. When it is necessary to separate the handle 11 from the grinding head 14, it is only necessary to apply a pulling force exceeding the preset threshold to the handle 11, so that the annular protrusion 166 squeezes the limiting protrusion, causing the elastic teeth to deform, and the limiting protrusion to cross the annular shape. The bulge is 166.

The method of fixing the elastic sleeve 123 and the adapter 120 is not limited. In this embodiment, the following solutions can be used but are not limited to: As shown in Figure 2, the front cylinder 122 is sleeved on the adapter 120, and the adapter 120 has limited settings. The position ring and the limit ring are arranged along the circumferential direction of the adapter 120. The front cylinder 122 presses the sleeve of the elastic sleeve 123 on the limit ring. The front cylinder 122 and the limit ring clamp and fix the collar. The front cylinder 122 and the adapter 120 can be fixed by threaded connection. Of course, they can also be fixed by screws or clamped. In some other embodiments, the front cylinder 122 may not be provided, and the elastic sleeve 123 and the adapter 120 may be directly fixed. The fixing method is not limited. For example, the elastic sleeve 123 and the adapter 120 may be fixed by screws, or the elastic sleeve 123 may be fixed to the adapter 120 by screws. The adapter 120 is threadedly connected and fixed.

In addition, in order to prevent the handle 11 and the grinding head 14 from rotating relative to each other, this embodiment provides the following solution: as shown in FIG. Anti-rotation grooves 165 are distributed along the circumferential direction of the limiting portion 164 . The limiting grooves can extend along the axial direction of the limiting portion 164 . An anti-rotation pin 124 is provided at the front end of the handle 11 . When the handle 11 When the front end of the grinding head 14 is inserted, the anti-rotation pin 124 can be inserted into one of the anti-rotation grooves 165 . The number of anti-rotation grooves 165 is not limited and can be one, two or more. When the number of anti-rotation grooves 165 is multiple, no matter at what angle the handle 11 is inserted into the grinding head 14, the anti-rotation pin 124 will It can be inserted into one of the anti-rotation grooves 165 so that the anti-rotation pin 124 can only escape from the anti-rotation groove 165 along the axial direction of the limiting portion 164 and cannot rotate relative to the circumferential direction of the limiting portion 164 . In some other embodiments, other structures can also be used to limit the relative rotation of the handle 11 and the grinding head 14, or the two can rotate relative to each other, and the staff can manually limit them during use.

In addition, the outer side of the rear end of the second body can also be arranged in the shape of a stepped shaft, and the front end of the handle 11 is sleeved on the stepped shaft, so that the contact area between the two is wider and the sealing effect is better.

Driven by the transmission assembly, the mandrel 140 can rotate around its own axis, and a grinding head 160 is provided at its front end. The style of the grinding head 160 is not limited. For example, the spherical structure in the prior art can be used. In this embodiment, The following solutions may be adopted but are not limited to: As shown in Figure 11, the grinding head 160 is cylindrical, and the front end surface of the grinding head 160 is provided with several grinding protrusions. The peripheral surface of the grinding head 160 is a smooth surface, which makes it less likely to damage peripheral nerves and blood vessels during rotation, and is less likely to cause adhesion and entanglement. The front end surface of the grinding head 160 is a working surface, and its surface is uneven, so that the parts to be polished are polished. The shape and number of the grinding protrusions are not limited. In some embodiments, the grinding protrusions can be pyramid-shaped, etc.

The transmission assembly is used to transmit the power of the motor 114 to the spindle 140. The transmission assembly has an input end 141 and an output end 142. Both the input end 141 and the output end 142 are rotatably disposed in the second body. The input end 141 and The second bodies and the output end 142 and the second body can be rotated through bearings.

The input end 141 of the transmission assembly is used for transmission connection with the motor 114, and the connection method between the two is not limited. For example, it is used with the transmission fork 121. The rear end of the input end 141 is provided with a straight-shaped plug, and the plug can be inserted into the transmission fork 121. In a straight slot. In other embodiments, the input end 141 of the transmission assembly and the output shaft of the motor 114 may also be connected by keying, spline, etc.

The output end 142 of the transmission assembly is drivingly connected to the mandrel 140. The connection method between the two is not limited. In this embodiment, the output end 142 is provided with a transmission groove, and the rear end of the mandrel 140 is provided with a transmission head, the transmission groove and the transmission head. The shape of the head matches, and the transmission head is slidably inserted into the transmission groove. For example, the transmission groove adopts a straight-shaped groove, the transmission head is a flat square socket, and the flat square socket is plug-fitted with the straight-shaped groove. Such an arrangement enables the core shaft 140 to rotate under the drive of the output end 142 and to slide relative to the output end 142 along its own axial direction.

The input end 141 and the output end 142 are driven together, and the transmission ratio of the transmission assembly is less than 1. This setting makes the rotation speed of the output end 142 greater than the rotation speed of the output shaft, that is, the rotation speed of the core shaft 140 is greater than the rotation speed of the output shaft of the motor 114. The rotation speed of the core shaft 140 The higher the rotation speed, the faster the grinding speed.

In this embodiment, the input end 141 includes an input gear, the output end 142 includes an output gear, and the input gear meshes with the output gear. The number of teeth of the input gear is greater than the number of teeth of the output gear. The gear ratio of the input gear to the output gear is not limited, for example, it can be 3:2, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, etc. Preferably, the input gear and the output gear are The gear ratio is 2:1, that is, for every one rotation of the input end 141, the output end 142 rotates for two weeks, so that the output shaft of the motor 114 rotates for one rotation, and the core shaft 140 rotates for two weeks, which can greatly increase the speed of the core shaft 140. , improve grinding efficiency and shorten operation time.

In addition, the input end 141 may also include a first shaft, and the output end 142 may also include a second shaft. The first shaft is rotatably provided on the second body through a bearing, and the second shaft is rotatably provided on the second body through a bearing. The input gear is arranged on one end of the first shaft, and the output gear is arranged on one end of the second shaft.

While the output end 142 of the transmission assembly drives the mandrel 140 to rotate around its own axis, it can also drive the mandrel 140 to reciprocate in the axial direction, so that the grinding head 160 of the mandrel 140 can apply an axial impact load, that is, the grinding head 160 can It can rotate and grind the part to be polished, and can repeatedly impact the part to be polished, which can effectively improve the bone grinding efficiency and can grind both cartilage and hard bone.

The structure that can realize the above functions is not limited, and the structure of the impact drill in the prior art can be referred to. In this embodiment, the following technical solutions may be adopted but are not limited to: As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 , the second body is provided with a ball 161 , the ball 161 is spherical, and the ball 161 can rotate around its own spherical center.

A cam groove 163 is provided on the peripheral surface of the core shaft 140. The cam groove 163 forms a closed-loop structure along the circumferential direction of the core shaft 140. The cam groove 163 has a high point and a low point. In the axial direction of the core shaft 140, the high point is closer to the front end of the mandrel 140 than the low point. The cam grooves 163 are interconnected from a high point to a low point and then to a high point. The cam groove 163 can be divided into a first section and a second section. The first section is from a high point to a low point, and the second section is from a low point to a high point. point. Of course, the number of high points and low points of the cam groove 163 is not limited, and the high points and low points are relative. For example, the three adjacent inflection points are the first point, the second point and the third point respectively. , the second point is a high point relative to the first point, and the second point is a low point relative to the third point.

A part of the ball 161 is rollably embedded in the cam groove 163. The ball 161 is limited by the second body and cannot rotate with the mandrel 140. However, as the mandrel 140 rotates relative to the second body, the ball 161 can move along the cam groove 163. scroll. When the ball 161 rolls in the first section, the mandrel 140 moves forward; when the ball 161 rolls in the second section, the mandrel 140 moves backward.

The matching method between the ball 161 and the second body is not limited. In this embodiment, the second body is provided with a radial through hole, the ball 161 is embedded in the radial through hole, and the ball 161 can only roll in the radial through hole. , the outer end of the radial through hole can be closed by other structures to limit the range of movement of the ball 161.

In addition, the core shaft 140 is provided with a cam portion 162. The cam portion 162 is cylindrical. The diameter of the cam portion 162 is larger than the diameter of the core shaft 140. The cam portion 162 is coaxially arranged with the core shaft 140. The cam groove 163 is provided on the cam portion 162. on the circumference. The connection method between the cam and the core shaft 140 is not limited, for example, the two are integrally formed, interference fit, etc. In some other embodiments, the cam portion 162 may not be provided, and the cam groove 163 is provided on the outer surface of the core shaft 140 .

The structure of the second body is not limited, and you can refer to the existing technology. In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15 , the second body includes an outer shell 143 and a positioning sleeve 144 . The outer housing 143 includes a transmission cavity, which is divided into a first cavity and a second cavity. The first cavity and the second cavity are connected, and the first cavity and the second cavity are arranged eccentrically. The input end 141 is rotatably arranged in the first cavity. Inside, the output end 142 is rotatably disposed in the second cavity. The eccentric arrangement means that the center lines of the first cavity and the second cavity are parallel, the center line of the first cavity can coincide with the center line of the input end 141 , and the center line of the second cavity can coincide with the center line of the output end 142 . The positioning sleeve 144 is inserted into the outer housing 143, the front end of the positioning sleeve 144 engages with the inner thread of the outer housing 143, and the input gear is rotatably supported on the positioning sleeve 144. With this arrangement, the installation of transmission components is more convenient. In some other embodiments, the positioning sleeve 144 is not provided, and the input shaft is connected to the inside of the outer housing 143 through a bearing.

Since the first cavity and the second cavity are eccentrically arranged, and since the transmission ratio of the transmission assembly is less than 1, the diameter of the first cavity is usually larger than the diameter of the second cavity. In this embodiment, a slope is provided on the lower side of the front half of the outer shell 143, which can not only reduce the weight of the outer shell 143, but also make it easier to grasp.

The rear end of the mandrel 140 can be inserted into the outer housing 143. In addition, the second body can also include the following structure: Please refer to Figure 12 and Figure 16. The second body includes an outer knife tube 145, a middle casing 146, and an inner sleeve. tube 147 and tapered tube 148.

The outer knife tube 145, the middle casing 146, and the inner casing 147 are sleeved in sequence from the outer knife. The mandrel 140 is inserted into the inner casing 147, and the mandrel 140 can rotate in the inner casing 147. The tapered tube 148 is disposed at the front end of the outer knife tube 145, and the tapered tube 148 is connected to the front end of the outer knife tube 145. The connection method between the two is not limited, such as welding, threaded connection, etc.

In other embodiments, it is also possible that the second body does not include the middle sleeve 146 and the inner sleeve 147 . Or the second body may also include a sheath 151, the rear end of the sheath 151 is inserted into the tapered tube 148, and the grinding head 160 protrudes from the front end of the sheath 151. The connection method between the grinding head 160 and the mandrel 140 is not limited, for example Welding, integrated molding, etc., in this embodiment, the rear end of the grinding head 160 is provided with a connecting shaft, and the rear end of the connecting shaft is connected to the mandrel 140. The two can be fixedly connected, detachably connected, etc.

In some embodiments, a transition shaft 149 and a transition barrel 150 can also be provided between the rear end of the outer cutter tube 145 and the outer shell 143. A part of the transition shaft 149 is inserted into the outer shell 143, and a part of the transition barrel 150 is sleeved on the transition. The shaft 149 and another part are sleeved on the rear end of the outer cutter tube 145. The rear end of the transition tube 150 is inserted into the outer shell 143. The connection between the transition tube 150 and the outer shell 143, and between the transition tube 150 and the outer cutter tube 145 The method is not limited and can be welding, interference fit, etc. The radial through hole for installing the ball 161 can be provided on the transition shaft 149, and the outer end of the radial through hole is blocked by the transition barrel 150, which can prevent the ball 161 from going out of the radial through hole.

Please refer to Figure 17, the middle casing 146 is provided with an axial slit 170, the axial slit 170 extends along the axial direction of the middle casing 146, and the front and rear ends of the inner casing 147 are respectively provided with drainage holes 171. , the drainage hole 171 corresponds to the axial slit 170, and the physiological saline can enter the inner sleeve 147 through the axial slit 170 and the drainage hole 171, thereby cooling the rotating mandrel 140, and the physiological saline can flow from the first The front end of the two main bodies, that is, the grinding head 160, flows out, thereby flushing the grinding part, keeping the field of vision clear, and cooling the tissue to protect the tissue from being easily carbonized by heat.

In addition, in order to cool various parts of the orthopedic scalpel 10 and rinse and cool the polished parts, in this embodiment, the handle 11 is provided with a first water-cooling channel, and the polishing head 14 is provided with a second water-cooling channel. The first water cooling channel and the second water cooling channel are connected. The first water cooling channel extends from the rear end of the handle 11 to the front end of the handle 11 . The second water cooling channel extends from the rear end of the grinding head 14 to the front end of the grinding head 14 . Physiological saline can enter from the rear end of the first water-cooling channel, pass through the first water-cooling channel and the second water-cooling channel, and flow out from the front end of the second water-cooling channel, that is, the grinding head 160. The first water-cooling channel can cool the motor 114. , the second water-cooling channel can cool down the mandrel 140, and after the physiological saline flows out from the grinding head 160, it can flush the grinding part to maintain a clear field of vision, and can cool the tissue to protect the tissue from being easily carbonized by heat. .

Combined with the structures of the handle 11 and the grinding head 14, the structures of the first water cooling channel and the second water cooling channel can adopt but are not limited to the following solutions.

The first water-cooling channel can be divided into several sections, and some or all of the following sections can be selected for the first water-cooling channel.

Please refer to FIG. 2 and FIG. 5 . The tail sleeve 112 is provided with a water injection pipe 135 , a water passage 136 and a water circulation ring 137 that are connected in sequence. The water injection pipe 135 is inserted into the water passage 136 .

As shown in Figure 4, the outer surface of the outer cylinder 110 is provided with a front annular groove 130, a rear annular groove 131 and a spiral water tank 132. The front annular groove 130 is provided with several front water outlets 133, and the rear annular groove 131 is provided with several There is a rear water outlet hole 134, which is adjacent to and connected with the water passage 137. The spiral water groove 132 extends along the spiral direction and is used to communicate with the front annular groove 130 and the rear annular groove 131.

The number and shape of the rear water outlet 134 and the front water outlet 133 are not limited. For example, the rear water outlet 134 extends along the radial direction of the outer cylinder 110, and the front water outlet 133 is L-shaped. The front water outlet 133 includes a section of radial holes and A section of axial hole, the front water outlet hole 133 is led out from the front end surface of the handle 11. In other embodiments, the rear water outlet hole 134 may be L-shaped, or the front water outlet hole 133 may extend along the radial direction of the outer cylinder 110 .

The outer sleeve 111 is sleeved on the outer cylinder 110 to close the front annular groove 130 , the rear annular groove 131 and the spiral water groove 132 . Physiological saline can only enter the rear annular groove 131 through the rear outlet hole 134, then pass through the spiral water tank 132 and the front annular groove 130, and flow out from the front outlet hole 133.

The second water-cooling channel can be divided into several sections. The second water-cooling channel can use some or all of the following sections.

Please refer to Figures 18 and 19. The outer body 143 is provided with an inner water exchange tank 174 and an axial water channel 175. The inner water exchange channel 174 is close to the rear end of the outer body 143. The number of the axial water channels 175 is not limited. The axial water channel 175 Extending from the inner water exchange tank 174 to the front end of the outer shell 143, the axial water channel 175 is connected with the inner water exchange tank 174. In addition, the outer shell 143 may also be provided with a radial water channel 176 , the axial water channel 175 is connected with the radial water channel 176 , and the front end of the axial water channel 175 and the outer end of the radial water channel 176 are closed by a plug 177 .

In addition, the positioning sleeve 144 is inserted into the outer shell 143 , and a first gap 172 is formed between the outer shell 143 and the positioning sleeve 144 for connecting the first water cooling channel and the inner water exchange tank 174 . In some embodiments, it is also possible that the first water-cooling channel is directly connected to the internal water exchange tank 174 or is connected through other means.

The middle casing 146 is provided with an axial slit 170 that extends along the axial direction of the middle casing 146. The front and rear ends of the inner casing 147 are respectively provided with drainage holes 171, and the drainage holes 171 are connected to the axial direction. Corresponding to the slit 170, physiological saline can enter the inner sleeve 147 through the axial slit 170 and the drainage hole 171, thereby cooling the rotating mandrel 140, and the physiological saline can pass through the front end of the second body, that is, the grinding head. It flows out at 160° to flush the polished area, keep the field of vision clear, and cool the tissue to protect it from being easily carbonized by heat.

A second gap 173 is formed between the transition barrel 150 and the transition sleeve for communicating the axial slit 170 and the axial water channel 175 .

As the structures of the first body and the second body change, the structures of the first water cooling channel and the second water cooling channel can be adjusted.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A grinding cutter head, characterized in that it includes a main body and a mandrel and a transmission assembly located in the main body. The input end of the transmission assembly is used to be connected to the motor of the handle and the output end is connected to the mandrel. Transmission connection; the transmission ratio of the transmission assembly is less than 1, the mandrel can rotate around its own axis and can reciprocate along the axial direction, so that the rotation speed of the core shaft is greater than the rotation speed of the input end and can exert axial impact load. 2. The grinding cutter head according to claim 1, characterized in that, the main body is provided with balls, a closed-loop cam groove is provided in the circumferential direction of the mandrel, and a part of the balls is rollably embedded in the inside the cam groove. 3. The grinding cutter head according to claim 1, wherein the output end is provided with a transmission groove, the rear end of the mandrel is provided with a transmission head, and the transmission head is slidably inserted into the transmission groove. Inside. 4. The grinding cutter head according to claim 1, wherein the input end includes an input gear, the output end includes an output gear, the input gear meshes with the output gear and the number of teeth of the input gear greater than the number of teeth of the output gear. 5. The grinding cutter head according to claim 1, wherein the main body includes an outer shell, the outer shell includes an eccentrically arranged first cavity and a second cavity, and the input end is rotatably disposed on the In the first cavity, the output end is rotatably disposed in the second cavity. 6. The grinding cutter head according to claim 5, characterized in that the main body further includes a positioning sleeve, the positioning sleeve is inserted into the outer shell and the two are threadedly engaged, and the input gear is rotatably supported on the housing. The positioning sleeve. 7. The grinding head according to claim 1, wherein the front end of the mandrel is provided with a grinding head, the grinding head is cylindrical, and the front end surface of the grinding head is provided with several grinding protrusions. . 8. An orthopedic scalpel, characterized in that it includes a handle and the grinding head according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the handle includes a motor, and the motor is drivingly connected to the input end of the transmission assembly. 9. The orthopedic scalpel according to claim 8, wherein the handle is provided with a first water-cooling channel, the polishing head is provided with a second water-cooling channel, the first water-cooling channel and the third water-cooling channel are provided with Two water-cooling channels are connected and extend from the rear end of the handle to the front end of the grinding head. 10. The orthopedic scalpel according to claim 9, wherein the handle further includes an outer cylinder, the outer cylinder is provided with a front annular groove, a rear annular groove and a spiral water groove, and the spiral water groove extends along the spiral direction. The front annular groove extends in the direction and is used to communicate with the front annular groove and the rear annular groove. The front annular groove is provided with several front water outlets, and the rear annular groove is provided with several rear water outlets.