CN117127139A - 一种短流程耐腐蚀复合钢板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种短流程耐腐蚀复合钢板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种短流程耐腐蚀复合钢板及其制备方法，在钢板上利用更高效的冷喷涂、超音速火焰喷涂、大气等离子喷涂方法中的一种或多种在钢板单面或双面喷涂防腐涂层后，经过先轧制后热处理得到复合钢板。本发明可以大规模连续化制备耐腐蚀复合钢板，精准控制复合层厚度，最大限度节约材料成本，而且不受复合层材料性质的影响，扩宽成品的种类。
Description
技术领域
本发明提供一种短流程耐腐蚀复合钢板及其制备方法，属于金属防腐技术领域。
背景技术
船舶、石油化工等领域工艺设备都在一定温度和压力的工况下使用，碳钢由于资源丰富和价格便宜而被广泛应用。随着对设备性能和寿命要求进一步提高，对工艺设备的防腐蚀提出了更高的要求，普通碳钢已经无法满足实际需求，设备材料逐步向Cu、Ti、Zn、Ni和Co等有色金属材料。由于有色金属和其合金资源稀缺且制备工繁琐，导致材料成本大幅上升，交货周期延长。复合钢板成本较低，同时具有优异的耐腐蚀性能，能够满足船舶、石油化工等领域工艺设备对原材料的要求，具有重大的应用价值和经济价值。
所谓耐腐蚀复合钢板是指在碳素钢或低合金钢板(母材)的一面或双面复合一层耐腐蚀材料的新型复合材料。这种高性能钢板综合了复层材料的功能性和基层材料的结构性，既有母材的力学性能，又有复合层的耐腐蚀性。复合钢板可用于船舶、化工、能源等领域。复合板按照其生产工艺的不同主要分为轧制复合、焊接复合和爆炸复合三种。近年来，由于对复合板耐腐蚀性能和制造成本的要求提高，亟需开发一种经济性良好的高性能复合钢板。
复合钢板的常用制造方法有轧制复合法、爆炸复合法。
传统的轧制复合法、爆炸轧制复合法存在成本，质量，成材率，规模化和环境污染等问题。爆炸轧制复合法加工耗时较长，覆板层厚度较难控制且不易大规模连续化生产，一般适合较大面积、厚度较厚的复合板材，不适合薄板，轧制复合法弥补了爆炸复合不能复合薄板的缺点，但轧制复合法生产工艺较为复杂，成本高，成品种类单一。热轧复合容易造成复合板界面氧化，冷轧复合首次轧制量较大容易造成复合板边裂现象，对于难变形的复合金属材料不易实现复合。
中国专利CN101574861B介绍了一种钛包铝层状复合板及其制备方法，包括采用电弧喷涂、喷射沉积、复合轧制、熔融覆镀等工艺的一种或多种在钛板表面单面涂覆铝层，得到钛/铝复合板，再将两块钛/铝复合板冷轧，包边焊接，最终得到以铝为内芯，外层由钛板包覆的钛铝层状复合板。上述方案中公开了钛包铝层状复合板制备方法，产品种类单一，一些高熔点物质(例如Mo，W,Nb，Ta等)对生产设备的要求相对较高，电弧喷涂、喷射沉积、熔融覆镀等不易实现涂覆，且喷射沉积、熔融覆镀技术不易连续化生产，在覆层厚度方面也难控制。
发明内容
针对上述技术问题，本发明提供一种短流程耐腐蚀复合钢板及其制备方法，本发明目的在于解决以下技术问题：
1.克服了传统方法在制备复合钢板时对厚度的局限性。爆炸轧制复合法一般适合较大面积、厚度较厚的复合板材，不适合薄板。喷射沉积、熔融覆镀等方法在覆层厚度方面难以精确控制。本发明采用的短流程耐腐蚀复合钢板的制备方法在覆层厚度控制方面更加容易实现。
2.解决了传统的方法制备复合钢板存在生产成本高、生产效率底、工艺复杂、投资大、设备要求高、污染等问题。采用本发明所述的方法制备金属复合板制备流程短，复合板性能优异。
3扩宽了耐腐蚀复合钢板产品种类，实现多种耐腐蚀金属/陶瓷材料的复合，大幅度提高了复合钢板的耐腐蚀性能。
本发明采取的技术方案为：
一种短流程耐腐蚀复合钢板的制备方法，包括以下步骤:
S1、对基层钢板进行预处理，预处理包括对钢板进行机械磨光和喷砂处理；
S2、利用冷喷涂、超音速火焰喷涂、大气等离子喷涂方法中的一种或多种在钢板单面或双面喷涂防腐涂层，其中防腐涂层包括Cu、Ti、Zn、Ni、Co和难熔金属Mo，W,Nb，Ta中一种或多种，防腐涂层厚度200-1000μm；
所述的冷喷涂参数为：喷涂距离：10-30mm，气体温度：250℃-450℃，主气压力：2-5MPa，送粉压力：2-5MPa，喷枪移动速度：50-100mm/s；
所述的超音速火焰喷涂参数为：氧气流量：800-1000L/min；煤油流量19-22L/h；送粉速度为：50-100g/min；喷涂距离360-400mm；
所述的等离子喷涂参数为：喷涂距离：80-120mm，喷涂电流：350-500A，喷涂电压：40-50V，送粉电压：4-7V，喷枪移动速率：50-200mm/s,H2流量：1-5L/min、Ar2流量：50-70L/min。
S3、对喷涂后的复合板进行轧制处理，直至复合板轧制到规定的形变量，获得复合钢板；
所述的冷轧以慢速轧制，单次压下量10％-15％，重复轧制多次，累积压下量大于等于30％。
S4、对轧制后的复合钢板进行去应力热处理，真空热处理或气氛保护热处理，热处理温度400-1000℃，保温1小时-6小时，随炉冷却；
S5、冷却得到短流程耐腐蚀复合钢板。
本发明技术方案带来的有益效果：
1.采用本发明可以大规模连续化制备耐腐蚀复合钢板。
2.采用本发明可以精准控制复合层厚度，最大限度节约材料成本。
3.采用本发明可以不受复合层材料性质的影响，扩宽成品的种类。
附图说明
图1是本发明的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
结合实施例说明本发明的具体技术方案。
本发明采取的技术方案如图1所示，为：
实施列1
将120X400X2mm钢板表面进行机械磨光以除去表面氧化皮和污染物等杂质，利用喷砂机对钢板表面进行喷砂处理，通过冷喷涂在钢表面喷涂厚200μm的ZnAl合金层，喷涂参数为：工作气体和送粉气体采用氮气，主气压力和送粉气体压力分别为2.5MPa和3.0MPa，工作气体温度为300℃，喷涂距离为20mm，喷枪移动速率为50mm/s。将获得喷涂态复合板送至二辊实验轧机进行轧制处理，单次压下量15％，重复轧制两次板材总形变量为30％，最后将轧制后的复合钛钢板进行去应力退火得到钛钢复合板，退火温度为700℃，向加热区通入氩气，防止复合钢板高温氧化，氩气的纯度大于或等于99.99％。
对本实施例制备的ZnAl复合板进行密度,结合强度和盐雾试验检测，结果显示本实施列制备的复合板ZnAl涂层致密度为99％，复合板结合强度50MPa，耐盐雾时间为800h，说明本实施例制备的复合板具有较好地耐腐蚀能力，且没有出现脱层和开裂。
实施列2
将120X400X2mm钢板表面进行机械磨光以除去表面氧化皮和污染物等杂质，利用喷砂机对钢板表面进行喷砂处理，通过超音速喷涂在钢表面喷涂厚500μm的Cu涂层，喷涂参数为：氧气流量：811L/min；煤油流量：21.7L/h；送粉速度为：75g/min；喷涂距离370mm。将获得喷涂态复合板送至二辊实验轧机进行轧制处理，单次压下量10％，重复轧制两次板材总形变量为20％，最后将轧制后的复合钛钢板进行去应力退火得到钛钢复合板，退火温度为800℃，向加热区通入氩气，防止复合钢板高温氧化，氩气的纯度大于或等于99.99％。
对本实施例制备的铜/钢复合板进行密度,结合强度和盐雾试验检测，结果显示本实施列制备的铜/钢复合板致密度为99％，复合板结合强度40MPa，耐盐雾时间为500h，说明本实施例制备的复合板具有较好地耐腐蚀能力，且没有出现脱层和开裂。
实施例3
将120X400X2mm钢板表面进行机械磨光以除去表面氧化皮和污染物等杂质，利用喷砂机对钢板表面进行喷砂处理，通过大气等离子喷涂在钢表面喷涂厚1000μm的Mo合金层，喷涂参数为，喷涂距离：120mm，喷涂电流：500A，喷涂电压：50V，送粉电压：7V，喷枪移动速率：100mm/s,H2流量：2L/min、Ar2流量：70L/min。将获得喷涂态复合板送至二辊实验轧机进行轧制处理，单次压下量10％，重复轧制三次，板材总形变量为30％，最后将轧制后的复合钢板进行去应力退火得到钢复合板，退火温度为1000℃，向加热区通入氩气，防止复合钢板高温氧化，氩气的纯度大于或等于99.99％。
对本实施例制备的钼/钢复合板进行密度,结合强度和盐雾试验检测，结果显示本实施列制备的钼/钢复合板涂层致密度为95％，复合板结合强度30MPa，耐盐雾时间为400h，说明本实施例制备的复合板具有较好地耐腐蚀能力，且没有出现脱层和开裂。
Claims (7)
1.一种短流程耐腐蚀复合钢板的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1、对基层钢板进行预处理；
S2、钢板单面或双面喷涂防腐涂层；
S3、对喷涂后的复合板进行轧制处理，直至复合板轧制到规定的形变量，获得复合钢板；
S4、对轧制后的复合钢板进行去应力热处理；
S5、冷却得到短流程耐腐蚀复合钢板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种短流程耐腐蚀复合钢板的制备方法，其特征在于，S2步骤中防腐涂层包括Cu、Ti、Zn、Ni、Co和难熔金属Mo，W，Nb，Ta中一种或多种，防腐涂层厚度200-1000μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种短流程耐腐蚀复合钢板的制备方法，其特征在于，S2步骤中，喷涂的方法为，冷喷涂、超音速火焰喷涂、大气等离子喷涂中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种短流程耐腐蚀复合钢板的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的冷喷涂参数为：喷涂距离：10-30mm，气体温度：250℃-450℃，主气压力：2-5MPa，送粉压力：2-5MPa，喷枪移动速度：50-100mm/s；
所述的超音速火焰喷涂参数为：氧气流量：800-1000L/min；煤油流量19-22L/h；送粉速度为：50-100g/min；喷涂距离360-400mm；
所述的等离子喷涂参数为：喷涂距离：80-120mm，喷涂电流：350-500A，喷涂电压：40-50V，送粉电压：4-7V，喷枪移动速率：50-200mm/s,H2流量：1-5L/min、Ar2流量：50-70L/min。
5.据权利要求1所述的一种短流程耐腐蚀复合钢板的制备方法，其特征在于，S3步骤中，所述的冷轧以慢速轧制，重复轧制多次，累计变形量20％-50％。
6.据权利要求1所述的一种短流程耐腐蚀复合钢板的制备方法，其特征在于，S4步骤中，所述的热处理为真空处理或气氛保护热处理，加热温度为400℃-1000℃，保温1小时-6小时，随炉冷却。
7.一种短流程耐腐蚀复合钢板，根据权利要求1到6任一项所述的制备方法所得。
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