CN117063784A - Arid and semiarid grassland ecological five-division method recovery process - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a arid and semiarid grassland ecological five-way method recovery process which comprises five working procedures, namely, cutting and deep loosening grasslands, paving infiltrating irrigation pipelines, covering and blending water-retaining fertilizer-retaining agent soil, sowing pasture seeds in a mixed mode, covering oil sand layers and compacting seed furrows. The five procedures are completed once by a special no-tillage pasture combined seeder with a no-wall subsoiling plow, a disc seed manure furrow opener, a sand oil sowing device and a compacting mechanism. The process has the advantages that: the water and fertilizer utilization rate is high, and the water is supplied to the root of the crops according to the needs of the crops, so that superior conditions are created for the growth of the crops. The soil water-retaining agent receives fertilization in soil, so that the fertilizer utilization rate is improved by more than 30%. The oil sand covered on the ground surface can effectively inhibit water evaporation and prevent water and soil loss. The oil sand, water and fertilizer retaining agent used in the process is nontoxic and odorless, does not pollute plants, soil and underground water, and has the service life of more than 6 years in production. The technology can be used for constructing artificial grasslands.

Description

Ecological five-point restoration technology of arid and semi-arid grasslands

Technical field

The invention belongs to crop cultivation technology, and particularly refers to an ecological five-point restoration process of arid and semi-arid grasslands.

Background technique

The arid and semi-arid grassland areas have a dry climate and scarce precipitation. The annual precipitation is less than 300mm, but the evaporation is between 800 and 3000mm. Drought is a major bottleneck restricting the improvement of grassland and the development of grassland industry. However, how to increase the grass production of artificial grassland forage bases, improve the ecological environment of arid and semi-arid grassland areas, and provide a large amount of high-quality forage for the development of grassland animal husbandry is still a major issue faced by the current grassland production department. As mentioned before, drought is the biggest obstacle to the construction of grassland ecological environment, especially when grassland has been heavily used and neglected for a long time, the underground grass roots are staggered, and the soil is compacted. Not only does natural precipitation easily form runoff and is difficult to penetrate, but also groundwater water easily passes through capillary action. Evaporate to the ground. Therefore, to achieve sustainable development of the grass industry, we must start by changing the basic conditions of production and work hard on the word water. On the one hand, we must absorb the dryland water-saving rain-fed agricultural production method, and on the other hand, we must take comprehensive measures based on the characteristics of arid grasslands. First, establish a farming system centered on water storage and soil conservation, take the path of efficient utilization of water resources, and on the basis of promoting and implementing the protective farming technology system, take engineering measures to regularly deep loosen the soil, loosen the soil, and store runoff. , combine micro-sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation to establish a "soil reservoir", control water and fertilizer, replenish water sources, and achieve local and efficient use of precipitation and active drought relief technology; second, vigorously research and promote improved cover cultivation technology to prevent large-scale evaporation of groundwater and effectively retain it Groundwater can achieve the purpose of preserving moisture and suppressing evaporation and reducing consumption. Use less land to develop precision grass industry, so that most of the land can realize the ecological function of grassland, thus fundamentally changing the development mode of grassland animal husbandry.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a five-point ecological restoration process for arid and semi-arid grasslands. In response to the above problems, this process integrates multiple technical achievements and proposes protective tillage, water-saving irrigation, increased water and fertilizer conservation, sowing of drought-tolerant grass seeds, and oil sand covering to achieve adversity seedling growth, moisture conservation, steam suppression and consumption reduction, and improve Crop water use efficiency. By adopting protective tillage technology, loosening underground soil structure and crop seedling root infiltration irrigation technology, water can be saved to the maximum extent. Multi-functional compound drought-resistant sowing and adversity seedling-growing technology using water-retaining agent as the matrix, spraying on the ground and covering oil sand to achieve moisture conservation and structural improvement of the soil, reducing soil water evaporation, and creating good conditions for crop growth.

The ecological five-point restoration process of arid and semi-arid grasslands of the present invention includes five steps: cutting deep loosening in the grassland, laying seepage irrigation pipes, covering soil mixed with water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining agent, mixed sowing of pasture seeds, covering oil sand layer, and suppressing seed trenches. All processes are completed at one time using a special no-till grass combine seeder. The machine is equipped with a wallless deep pine plow, a disc seed fertilizer furrower, an oil sand spreading device, and a suppression mechanism.

The first step: cutting deep loose grass and laying irrigation pipes

(1) The grassland is divided into deep looses, that is, according to the ridge direction requirements of crop cultivation, generally the spacing between seepage irrigation pipes is the same as the crop row spacing, and the length is the same as the ridge length. After determining the spacing between the seepage irrigation pipes, draw a line, and use the wallless deep plow to loosen the trench according to the placed line, with a depth of 300 to 350mm.

(2) For pipe laying and irrigation pipes, thick-walled porous pipes with an outer diameter of 18mm should be selected; there are many small holes (pore diameter 1 to 2mm) on the pipe wall; the microporous irrigation pipe used for microporous irrigation is Pipes made of special materials (rubber, plastic, etc. recycled from used tires) have countless foam-like micropores on the pipe wall. When the pipe is filled with water, it will gradually seep out like sweating, and the microporous pipes are buried. In the soil, water can be supplied to the root layer of crops through soil capillary action.

The pipe-laying mechanism of the wall-less deep loosening plow lays the seepage irrigation pipe (capillary pipe) in the dug soil trench. Pay attention to the water outlet hole on it facing upwards, the pipe should be straight and level, and the horizontal and vertical positions must be found. ; After adjusting the direction and position, it should be fixed first to prevent the position of the seepage irrigation pipe from moving or the seepage irrigation pipe itself from being twisted during the backfilling process, causing the water outlet to turn downward. After laying the pipe, connect the seepage irrigation pipe (capillary pipe) and the water delivery branch pipe with a special joint.

(3) Anti-blocking treatment. Since the seepage irrigation pipe is buried underground and directly contacts the soil, during the irrigation process, especially when the irrigation is completed, the water in the soil flows back to the seepage irrigation pipe, which will remove soil particles and other debris. Brought into the water outlet or seepage irrigation pipe, causing blockage, thereby reducing the quality of irrigation. For this reason, after the seepage irrigation pipe is laid, protective layer nozzles should spray protective sawdust or wheat husks as a protective layer at the water outlet, covering a thickness of 20 to 30 mm.

The second process: covering with soil mixed with water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining agent

The soil is first covered with a scraper board, and after the protective layer is covered, the covering soil can be backfilled. When starting to cover with soil, care should be taken to prevent displacement and deformation of the seepage irrigation pipe, and the movement should be gentle and try not to use large soil clods.

Use the water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining mixture trencher to spread the water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining mixture in the seed trench. Its function is to take advantage of the water-retaining agent's strong ability to absorb water and fertilizer. It can absorb water and release water repeatedly many times, slowly release fertilizer, and promote microorganisms inside the soil. The growth slowly releases the water in the soil and supplies it to the roots of the crops. The sowing rate is: water retaining agent 5kg~5.5kg/mu, sesbania gum 5kg~5.5kg/mu, flax oil residue 10kg~10.5kg/mu, attapulgite powder 30kg~30.5kg/mu; the thickness is 200~300mm.

The third step: mixed sowing of pasture seeds

Select drought-tolerant pasture suitable for local growth, and use a disc seeding trencher to sow mixed pasture. The seeding rate is: Elymus 1kg/mu, Mongolian icegrass 1kg/mu, sand icegrass 1kg/mu, sand grass. The growth rate is 1kg/mu, and the vegetation growth rate is 0.5kg/mu.

The fourth process: covering the oil sand layer

Spray and cover the oil sand layer on the seed fertilizer, with a thickness of 3 to 10 mm and a width of 250 to 300 mm. Its function is to use the surface covering of the oil sand layer to help prevent underground water from evaporating upward due to capillary action, even if the water still passes through the soil. It goes upstream, but is basically "blocked" by sand, preventing surface water from evaporating.

The production method of oil sand in the oil sand cover layer is to select fine sand from the local sandy ground and first screen it to ensure that it is clean, grass-free, free of stones and impurities, and the average diameter of the sand particles is 0.5 _to 5.0 mm; and then use organic compound oil to Substances, such as soybean oil, cottonseed oil, rapeseed oil, grass seed oil and other waste oils generated by animals and plants, mix fine sand and oily substances in a weight ratio of 1:1 _to 2, and stir evenly in a blender to form an oil film. Apply evenly on the surface of the sand to enhance the bonding and water-holding capacity of the sand. Put the evenly mixed oil sand into an iron pot and stir-fry, and finally dry it for later use.

The fifth process: suppressing the seed ditch

Use a wide V-shaped suppressor to suppress the V-shaped ditch along the ditch. Its function is to prevent wind erosion and accumulate surface water.

The advantages of this arid and semi-arid grassland ecological five-point restoration process are:

1. Irrigate scientifically and rationally to achieve the purpose of water saving and high yield. Infiltration irrigation is a form of underground micro-irrigation. Under low-pressure conditions, through microporous irrigation pipes buried in the active layer of crop roots, water is infiltrated into the soil regularly and quantitatively to supply crops according to the growth water needs of crops. Infiltration irrigation is beneficial to field management because it saves water, increases yield and maintains the soil structure of the cultivated layer, and improves the water, fertilizer, air and heat conditions of the root soil. Compared with surface irrigation, it has less irrigation volume, shorter irrigation interval, and smaller soil moisture variation. Due to small evaporation and leakage losses, it saves 30% and 75% of water respectively compared with sprinkler irrigation and ground flood irrigation. The irrigation water utilization rate can reach more than 95%.

2. The water and fertilizer utilization rate is high. The water source seeped out from the seepage irrigation pipe forms a "small reservoir" underground, which supplies water to the roots of the crops according to the needs of the crops. The soil water-retaining agent releases fertilizer to the roots in the soil, increasing the fertilizer utilization rate by more than 30%. Protect the environment. When drought occurs again, the water-retaining agent that absorbs enough water will keep the surrounding soil moist to supply plant roots with moisture. Even in desert areas and extreme arid climates, when annual rainfall reaches 200mm, grass and trees can be planted.

3. Preserve moisture and save water. Covering the surface with oil sand can effectively inhibit water evaporation and prevent soil erosion. Even under irrigation conditions, more than 50% of water can still be saved.

4. This process is safe and environmentally friendly. The oil sand and water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining agent used are non-toxic and odorless, and do not pollute plants, soil and groundwater. The final decomposition products of the soil water-retaining agent and waterproof soil erosion agent are carbon dioxide, water, ammonia nitrogen and sodium. or potassium ions without any residue.

5. Long service life. Oil sand and microporous irrigation pipes made of special materials and water-retaining agents made of a variety of polymers can be used repeatedly. They expand and contract when absorbing water, and their service life can reach up to 6 to 8 years.

6. Save labor and electricity, increase production and efficiency. Infiltration irrigation helps maintain the soil aggregate structure and effectively solves the soil compaction problem caused by traditional irrigation. Compared with border irrigation, the yield is increased by 30% to 50%, the operating pressure is only 1 to 3m water head, high efficiency and low energy consumption, easy to operate, and significant water and energy saving effects.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the underground soil layer of the present invention.

Explanation of reference signs

C – Drought-tolerant pasture L – Seed bed underground soil profile 300~350mm S – Infiltration irrigation pipe G – Compound soil layer B – Water and fertilizer retaining agent soil layer Y – Oil sand covering layer

Detailed ways

In order to explain the technical solution of the present invention more clearly, the arid and semi-arid grassland ecological five-point restoration process will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so that its advantages and characteristics can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby protecting the present invention. The scope is more clearly defined.

As shown in Figure 1, the technical problem of the present invention is solved by five processes: cutting deep loose grass and laying irrigation pipes, covering soil mixed with water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining agent, mixed sowing of pasture seeds, covering oil sand layer, and suppressing seeds. All five processes are completed in one go using a dedicated no-till forage combined seeder. The machine is equipped with a wallless deep pine plow, a disc seed fertilizer furrower, an oil sand spreading device, and a suppression mechanism.

The first step: cutting deep loose grass and laying irrigation pipes

(1) The grassland is divided into deep looses, that is, according to the ridge direction requirements of crop cultivation, generally the spacing between seepage irrigation pipes is the same as the crop row spacing, and the length is the same as the ridge length. After determining the spacing between the seepage irrigation pipes, draw a line, and use the wallless deep plow to loosen the trench according to the placed line, with a depth of 300~350mm (L);

(2) For pipe laying, the seepage irrigation pipe (S) should be a thick-walled porous pipe with an outer diameter of 18mm. The pipe-laying mechanism of the wall-less deep loosening plow lays the seepage irrigation pipe (capillary pipe) in the dug soil trench. Pay attention to the water outlet hole on it facing upwards, the pipe should be straight and level, and the horizontal and vertical positions must be found. . After adjusting the direction and position, it should be fixed first to prevent the position of the seepage irrigation pipe from moving or the seepage irrigation pipe itself from being twisted during the backfilling process, causing the water outlet to turn downward. After laying the pipe, connect the seepage irrigation pipe (capillary pipe) and the water delivery branch pipe with a special joint;

(3) Anti-blocking treatment. Since the seepage irrigation pipe is buried underground and directly contacts the soil, during the irrigation process, especially when the irrigation is completed, the water in the soil flows back to the seepage irrigation pipe, which will remove soil particles and other debris. Brought into the water outlet or seepage irrigation pipe, causing blockage, thereby reducing the quality of irrigation. For this reason, after the seepage irrigation pipe is laid, protective layer nozzles should spray protective sawdust or wheat husks as a protective layer at the water outlet, covering a thickness of 20 to 30 mm.

The second process: covering with soil mixed with water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining agent

(1) First, cover the soil with a scraper board. After covering the protective layer, you can backfill the covering soil (G). When starting to cover with soil, attention should be paid to preventing displacement and deformation of the seepage irrigation, and the movement should be gentle and try not to use large soil clods;

(2) Sow the water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining mixture. Use the water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining mixture trencher to sow the water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining mixture (B) in the seed trench. The sowing rate is: 5kg~5.5kg of water-retaining agent/acre, field Cyanine gum 5kg~5.5kg/mu, flax oil residue 10kg~10.5kg/mu, attapulgite powder 30kg~30.5kg/mu; the thickness is 20~30mm.

The third step: mixed sowing of pasture seeds

Select drought-tolerant pasture (C) suitable for local growth, and use a disc seeding trencher to sow the pasture in a mixed manner. The seeding rate is: Elymus 1kg/acre, Mongolian icegrass 1kg/acre, and sand icegrass 1kg/acre. , Shadawang 1kg/mu, vegetation ridge 0.5kg/mu.

The fourth process: covering the oil sand layer

Spray and cover the oil sand layer (Y) on the seed fertilizer, with a thickness of 3 to 10 mm and a width of 250 to 300 mm; the oil sand in the oil sand layer is made by selecting fine sand on the local sand and screening it first to ensure that it is clean and No grass, stones and impurities, the average diameter of sand particles is 0.5 _~ 5.0mm; then use organic compound oils, such as soybean oil, cottonseed oil, rapeseed oil, grass seed oil and other waste oils generated by animals and plants, to Mix fine sand and oily substances at a weight ratio of 1:1 _to 2, and stir evenly in a mixer so that the oil film is evenly coated on the surface of the sand to enhance the bonding and water-holding capacity of the sand. Mix the evenly mixed oil sand Fry in an iron pot and finally dry and set aside;

The fifth process: suppressing the seed ditch

Use a wide V-shaped suppressor to suppress the V-shaped ditch along the ditch.

Claims (1)

1. The arid and semiarid grassland ecological five-component method recovery process is characterized in that: comprises five working procedures of cutting grasslands, deep scarification, laying infiltrating irrigation pipelines, covering and blending water-retaining fertilizer-retaining agent soil, mixedly sowing pasture seeds, covering oil-sand layers and compacting seed furrows, wherein the five working procedures are completed at one time by a special no-tillage pasture combined planter provided with a wall-free deep scarification plow, a disc seed fertilizer furrow opener, an oil-sand sowing device and a compacting mechanism,

the first procedure: the grassland is scratched, deeply loosens and lays infiltrating irrigation pipeline

(1) Deeply scarifying the soil by scarification, namely, according to the ridge direction requirement of crop cultivation, the distance between the infiltrating irrigation pipes is the same as the row distance of crops, the length of the infiltrating irrigation pipes is the same as the length of the ridges, after the distance between the infiltrating irrigation pipes is determined, drawing lines, and deeply scarifying a soil digging groove by a wall-free deep scarification plow according to the placed lines, wherein the depth is 300-350 mm;

(2) Paving a pipe, wherein a thick-wall porous pipe is selected as the infiltrating irrigation pipe, and the outer diameter of the thick-wall porous pipe is 18mm; paving an infiltrating irrigation pipe in the excavated soil tank by a wall-free subsoiler paving pipeline mechanism, wherein water outlets on the infiltrating irrigation pipe are upward, the pipe is straight and is kept horizontal, the horizontal and vertical positions are found, after the direction and the position are adjusted, the infiltrating irrigation pipe is firstly fixed, and after the infiltrating irrigation pipe is paved, the infiltrating irrigation pipe is connected with a water delivery branch pipe by a special joint;

(3) Anti-blocking treatment, namely, in order to prevent water in soil from flowing back to the infiltrating irrigation pipe after the infiltrating irrigation pipe is paved, spraying a protective material saw dust or wheat husk as a protective layer at a water outlet on the infiltrating irrigation pipe by a protective layer nozzle, and covering the protective layer with the thickness of 20-30 mm;

and a second procedure: the covering blending water-retaining fertilizer-retaining agent soil

(1) Firstly, covering soil by a soil scraping plate, covering a protective layer, and backfilling the soil; when the soil is covered, in order to prevent the displacement and deformation of the infiltrating irrigation, the action is light, and large soil blocks are not needed as much as possible;

(2) The water-retaining fertilizer-retaining mixture is sown in seed furrows by using a water-retaining fertilizer-retaining mixture furrow opener, and the sowing amount of the water-retaining fertilizer-retaining mixture is as follows: 5 kg-5.5 kg of water-retaining agent, 5 kg-5.5 kg of sesbania gum, 10 kg-10.5 kg of sesame oil residue, 30 kg-30.5 kg of attapulgite powder; the thickness is 20-30 mm;

and a third procedure: the mixed sowing pasture seeds

Selecting drought-enduring pasture suitable for local growth, and sowing pasture in a mixed mode by using a disc seed sowing furrow opener, wherein the sowing amount is as follows: 1 kg/mu of elymus lanceolatus, 1 kg/mu of Mongolia agropyron, 1 kg/mu of sand-grown agropyron, 0.5 kg/mu of grasswood component;

and a fourth procedure: the oil sand layer is covered

Spraying an oil sand layer which is prepared by stirring and frying fine sand and oil substances and covers the seed manure, wherein the thickness of the oil sand layer is 3-10 mm, and the width of the oil sand layer is 250-300 mm;

fifth procedure: the pressing seed groove

A wide V-shaped roller is used to press the V-shaped trench along the seed trench.