CN116883215B - Lake wetland ecological hydrologic regulation and control method considering dynamic requirements of waiting bird habitat - Google Patents
Lake wetland ecological hydrologic regulation and control method considering dynamic requirements of waiting bird habitat Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lake wetland ecological hydrologic regulation method considering the dynamic demand of a waiting bird habitat, which comprises the following steps of (1) selecting typical emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants as important habitat factors of the waiting bird through investigation and analysis of waiting bird habitat types, (2) determining habitat suitability curves of the typical emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants, and (3) simulating and evaluating the waiting bird habitat suitability and calculating an annual average suitability index. According to the method, a bird waiting habitat suitability evaluation model based on hydrodynamic force simulation is constructed, the potential bird waiting habitat area and spatial distribution characteristics are analyzed, the influence degree of the hydrologic process on the bird waiting habitat suitability is quantized, and finally a lake wetland bird waiting habitat simulation and regulation method considering dynamic matching of habitat factors is provided. The invention enriches the system of the method for regulating and controlling the ecological hydrology of the shallow lake wetland, and is helpful for providing references for the operation management and ecological protection restoration of the regulation type lake in the heavy water diversion project.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ecological protection and restoration of water, in particular to a lake wetland ecological hydrologic regulation method considering the dynamic demand of a waiting bird habitat, which is suitable for restoring a shallow lake wetland ecosystem with larger hydrologic rhythm change under the influence of a water regulation project.
Background
The hydrologic process is an important driving force for the evolution of the wetland ecosystem, and the spatial distribution pattern of wetland plants can be changed by influencing physicochemical environments such as soil moisture, nutrient substances and the like, so that the habitat suitability of wetland waiting birds is further influenced. In the global extreme hydrologic event increasing background, the wetland hydrologic situation changes abnormally. Meanwhile, in order to relieve the scarce water quantity and balance the needs of human flood control, water storage, irrigation and the like, the artificial regulation and control interference intensity of water regulating engineering, water conservancy facilities and the like is further enhanced, the trend of the change of the hydrologic situation of the lake wetland is aggravated, and the phenomena of the reverse-season water level, the rise of the lowest water level of the lake and the like are caused. The abnormal hydrologic situation forms water stress on wetland plants, directly influences the growth vigor, morphological characteristics, biomass and other indexes of the plants, and finally influences the habitat quality of the waiting birds. Developing scientific and effective wetland ecological hydrologic regulation measures is beneficial to improving the birthday of a waiting bird, improving the biological diversity and the stability of an ecological system and promoting the sustainable development of the ecological system.
The regulation and control based on the ecological hydrologic process simulation is one of the more common methods for regulating and controlling the ecological hydrologic process of the wetland. Aquatic plants are an important component of a waiting habitat, each aquatic plant has a water depth range for normal growth and reproduction, and different growth stages have different requirements on the water depth range, so that the regulation of the water depth is a main means for ecology and hydrologic regulation of the wetland. At present, most of ecological hydrologic regulation and control researches are based on empirical data, a wetland ecological hydrologic model means is adopted, field test research data support is lacked, and seasonal variation of habitat factors is not considered sufficiently. Meanwhile, in the development of the study of the suitability of the habitat, only single habitat factors such as water depth, submerged plants and the like are considered, single types are considered in the aspect of waiting birds, the consideration of feeding behaviors and feeding capacity is lacking, and the dynamic matching of the wetland hydrological process and the ecological process cannot be realized. In addition, the research on the ecological hydrologic regulation of the regulation and storage type lake in the surrounding water regulation engineering is less. Based on the analysis, a lake wetland ecological hydrologic regulation method considering the dynamic requirements of the waiting birthday needs to be provided, and a regulation mechanism for dynamically matching the three processes of hydrologic rhythm change rule, wetland plant natural growth rhythm and waiting birthday feeding characteristics in different resident seasons is constructed. The evaluation of the habitat suitability mainly considers the habitat suitability of different wetland plants and the feeding suitability of different waiting birds, the requirements of concealment, nesting, feeding and the like are mainly considered in the aspect of the wetland plant suitability, the analysis is performed by combining typical emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants, and the feeding suitability of the waiting birds in different resident seasons mainly considers the feeding requirements of the typical summer waiting birds and the winter waiting birds in different seasons.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the ecological hydrologic regulation method of the lake wetland, which considers the dynamic requirements of the waiting bird habitat, and can aim at the abnormal hydrologic rhythm of the shallow lake wetland with the important water regulation engineering regulation function, and mainly consider the dynamic matching of the hydrologic process and the ecological process.
The technical scheme is that the lake wetland ecological hydrologic regulation method considering the dynamic requirements of the waiting bird habitat comprises the following steps of:
(1) Through investigation and analysis of the habitat types of the waiting birds, typical emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants are selected as important habitat factors of the waiting birds;
(2) Determining a habitat suitability curve of the typical emergent aquatic plant and the submerged plant;
(3) Simulating and evaluating the suitability of the waiting bird, calculating an annual average suitability index S through a habitat suitability curve, and calculating the annual average suitability index S through a formula I or a formula II, wherein the formula I is suitable for the lake wetland which does not contain a national level or provincial level natural protection area;
The formula one is specifically as follows:
Wherein S j represents a j-th month average fitness index, the range is 0-1, n represents the number of grids, and the grid number is determined by a research area when a hydrodynamic model is built, A i represents the area of an i-th grid unit, km 2;S plants and methods of making the same ,i,j represents a plant habitat fitness value corresponding to the j-th month average water depth of the i-th grid unit, the range is 0-1, S Feeding food ,i,j represents a waiting bird feeding habitat fitness value corresponding to the j-th month average water depth of the i-th grid unit, the range is 0-1, S represents an annual average fitness index, the range is 0-1, k j represents the influence degree of the j-th month habitat fitness on the annual average fitness index, and the range is 0-1;
The formula II is specifically as follows:
Wherein S j represents a j-th month average fitness index, the range is 0-1, n represents the number of grids, which is determined by a research area when a hydrodynamic model is built, A i represents the area of an i-th grid cell, km 2;αl represents the distribution weight of the habitat fitness index of the grid cell in the functional partition considering food richness, the range is 0-1, beta l represents the distribution weight of the habitat fitness index of the grid cell in the functional partition considering food accessibility, the range is 0-1, S plants and methods of making the same ,i,j represents the plant habitat fitness value corresponding to the j-th month average water depth of the i-th grid cell, the range is 0-1, S Feeding food ,i,j represents the candidate habitat fitness value corresponding to the j-th month average water depth of the i-th grid cell, the range is 0-1, S represents the annual average fitness index, the range is 0-1, k j represents the influence degree of the j-th month habitat fitness index on the annual average fitness index, and the range is 0-1.
As a further improvement of the scheme, the lake wetland ecological hydrologic regulation method also comprises the following steps of
(4) And (3) carrying out water level process optimization scenario setting and evaluation according to the annual average suitability index calculated in the step (3), simultaneously analyzing the hydrologic situation by adopting a hydrologic change index method and an application change range method, further clarifying the influence of indexes such as high and low water levels, submerged duration and the like on the suitable habitat of the waiting bird, and providing an ecological hydrologic regulation scheme facing the restoration of the waiting bird habitat.
As a still further improvement of the above, in step (4), the water level process optimization scenario setting and evaluation includes
And combining experimental observation and model simulation to obtain key water depth in the annual process, taking relevant requirements of flood control and regulation functions of the regulation and storage lake on water level into consideration, providing different water level process optimization scenes, and inputting a hydrodynamic numerical model to evaluate the suitability of the habitat.
As a further improvement of the scheme, in the step (1), investigation and analysis are carried out on important summer and winter bird habitat species and habitat type requirements of the lake wetland in a research area through literature investigation, field investigation and other modes, requirements of foraging, habitat and the like are comprehensively considered, and typical emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants are selected as important habitat factors of the bird waiting.
As a further improvement of the above-mentioned scheme, in the step (2), determining the habitat suitability curves of the above-mentioned typical emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants includes the steps of experimental scheme formulation, experimental data monitoring, experimental data analysis, and habitat suitability curve drawing.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, the experimental scheme formulation includes
Aiming at different growth stages of emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants, determining plant sampling zones according to the characteristics of terrain and water level changes, and carrying out field observation experiments on plant traits under different water depth gradient conditions, wherein the growth stages comprise a germination stage, a growth initial stage, a growth vigorous stage, a flower and fruit stage, a decay stage and a seed dormancy stage.
As a further improvement of the above, the experimental data monitoring includes
And carrying out experimental data monitoring, wherein emergent aquatic plant monitoring indexes comprise water depth, plant height, chlorophyll content, coverage and biomass, and submerged plant monitoring indexes comprise water depth and biomass.
As a further improvement of the above, the experimental data analysis includes
And determining proper water depth ranges of germination period, growth initial stage, growth vigorous stage, flower and fruit stage, decay stage and seed dormancy stage by analyzing the correlation between the character parameters of emergent plants and submerged plants in different growth stages and the water depth.
As a further improvement of the above, the habitat suitability curve drawing includes
And drawing a habitat suitability curve according to the correlation between the character parameters and the water depth, wherein the curve is drawn by adopting three sections, and the suitability curve is weighted and fused by combining the emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants in the growth period to obtain the wetland plant overall suitability curves in different growth stages, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein S plants and methods of making the same ,j represents a plant habitat fitness value corresponding to the average water depth of the jth month, the range is 0-1, S submerged water ,j represents a submerged plant habitat fitness value corresponding to the average water depth of the jth month, the range is 0-1, and S Emergent aquatic products ,j represents an emergent plant habitat fitness value corresponding to the average water depth of the jth month, the range is 0-1.
As a further improvement of the scheme, in the step (3), the simulation and evaluation of the suitability of the candidate bird habitat comprise the steps of data collection, model construction and quantitative evaluation, wherein the model construction comprises the steps of carrying out space-time distribution simulation on physical habitat factors such as lake wetland water level and flow velocity by adopting a EFDC hydrodynamic model, and quantifying the influence rule of water level and flow velocity changes on the potential habitat area of the typical plant annual process.
The method has the advantages that the method combines field experiments and model simulation, considers dynamic matching of hydrologic process and ecological process from biological main body requirements and habitat factor conditions, based on the richness of food and feeding accessibility of the bird waiting, clearly shows the action mechanism of the hydrologic process on the bird waiting habitat factors in different times in the year, constructs a bird waiting habitat suitability assessment model based on hydrodynamic simulation, analyzes the potential habitat area and spatial distribution characteristics of the bird waiting, quantifies the influence degree of the hydrologic process on the bird waiting habitat suitability, and finally proposes a lake wetland bird waiting habitat simulation and regulation method considering dynamic matching of the habitat factors. The method system considers the ecological dynamic requirements of different waiting bird types of the lake wetland, realizes the effective combination of physical mechanism experiments and numerical model simulation, establishes the effective association of hydrologic process and ecological process, enriches the ecological hydrologic regulation and control method system of the shallow lake wetland, and is beneficial to providing reference for the operation management and ecological protection restoration of the regulation and storage type lake in the heavy water diversion project.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a relationship between a habitat suitability curve and a water level process in a suitable year.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a simulation and evaluation of a bird's habitat based on a hydrodynamic model.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A lake wetland ecological hydrologic regulation method considering the dynamic requirements of a waiting bird habitat. The method mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) And (5) investigation and analysis of the types of the birthdays. The method mainly comprises the steps of carrying out investigation and analysis on important summer and winter bird habitat species and habitat type requirements of a lake wetland in a research area in a literature investigation mode, a field investigation mode and the like, comprehensively considering requirements of foraging, habitat and the like, and selecting typical emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants as important habitat factors of a bird waiting mode.
(2) A habitat fitness curve of a typical wetland plant is determined. The determination of the habitat suitability curve mainly relates to the steps of experimental scheme establishment, experimental data monitoring, experimental data analysis, habitat suitability curve drawing and the like.
① Experimental plan formulation
Aiming at different growth stages of emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants, such as germination stage, growth initial stage, growth vigorous stage, flower and fruit stage, decay stage, seed dormancy stage and the like, a plant sampling zone is determined according to the characteristics of terrain and water level change, and field observation experiments of plant characters under different water depth gradient conditions are carried out. Emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants were sampled at study areas of 3 months, 5 months, 7 months and 9 months, respectively, with 5 representative plots each. Each submerged plant sample plot is provided with 3 sample squares in water depth areas of 0-15cm, 15-30cm, 30-60cm, 60-100cm and 100cm-150cm, and the size of each sample square is 50cm multiplied by 50cm. Each submerged plant sample plot is provided with 3 sample squares in water depth areas of 0-50cm, 50-100cm, 100-150cm, 150-200cm and 200-300cm, and each sample square is used for collecting submerged plants 1 time by using a rotary underwater sickle with the bottom area of 0.2m 2. The total number of the accumulated collected sample sides is 600. The parameters such as water depth, plant height, chlorophyll content, coverage, biomass and the like are mainly monitored.
② Experimental data monitoring
Experimental data monitoring was performed during sampling, wherein emerging plant monitoring metrics included water depth, plant height, chlorophyll content, coverage, biomass (dry weight), etc., and submerged plant monitoring metrics included water depth and biomass (fresh weight).
③ Analysis of experimental data
And determining the proper water depth range of each growth stage such as germination stage, growth initial stage, growth vigorous stage, flower and fruit stage, decay stage, seed dormancy stage and the like by analyzing the correlation between the character parameters of emergent plants and submerged plants in different growth stages and the water depth.
④ Habitat fitness curve drawing
And drawing a habitat suitability curve according to the correlation between the character parameters and the water depth, wherein the habitat suitability of the surface is higher as the plant height, chlorophyll content, coverage and biomass are larger. The curve is drawn by adopting three sections, the weighted fusion of fitness curves is carried out by combining the emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants in the growth period, and the overall fitness curves of the wetland plants in different growth stages are obtained, wherein the calculation formula is as follows.
Wherein S plants and methods of making the same ,j represents a plant habitat fitness value corresponding to the average water depth of the jth month, the range is 0-1, S submerged water ,j represents a submerged plant habitat fitness value corresponding to the average water depth of the jth month, the range is 0-1, and S Emergent aquatic products ,j represents an emergent plant habitat fitness value corresponding to the average water depth of the jth month, the range is 0-1.
The ecological environment suitability curve shown in figure 1 and the relationship diagram for determining the water level process in the suitable year are obtained through the steps.
(3) And simulating and evaluating the suitability of the bird waiting habitat. The determination of the habitat suitability curve mainly relates to the steps of data collection, model construction, quantitative evaluation and the like.
① Data collection
The model data mainly relates to grid data, water level time series data, flow time series data, measured terrain data and the like.
② Model construction
And carrying out space-time distribution simulation on physical habitat factors such as lake wetland water level and flow velocity by adopting EFDC hydrodynamic model, and quantifying the influence rule of water level and flow velocity change on the potential habitat area in the typical plant annual process.
③ Quantitative evaluation
The quantitative evaluation comprises two schemes, wherein the first scheme is suitable for the lake wetland which does not contain the national-level or provincial natural protection area, and the second scheme is suitable for the lake wetland which contains the national-level or provincial natural protection area.
The first set of scheme:
Based on the simulation results, a birthday assessment and analysis is performed in combination with a habitat suitability curve of food richness and feeding accessibility. On the basis of obtaining water depth data through simulation, firstly, analyzing spatial distribution characteristics and annual change processes of food richness according to habitat fitness curves of typical emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants in different growth stages, then obtaining spatial distribution characteristics and annual change processes of food accessibility according to food intake characteristics of different winter birds and summer birds, and finally comprehensively considering space-time matching degree of food richness and food intake accessibility, carrying out habitat fitness analysis, calculating to obtain average fitness indexes of different months, and obtaining annual average fitness indexes according to weight occupation ratios of different months. The specific calculation formula is as follows.
Wherein S j represents a j-th month average fitness index, the range is 0-1, n represents the number of grids and is determined by a research area, A i represents the area of an i-th grid unit, km 2;S plants and methods of making the same ,i,j represents a plant habitat fitness value corresponding to the j-th month water depth of the i-th grid unit, the range is 0-1, S Feeding food ,i,j represents a waiting bird feeding habitat fitness value corresponding to the j-th month water depth of the i-th grid unit, the range is 0-1, S represents an annual average fitness index, the range is 0-1, k j represents the influence degree of the j-th month habitat fitness on the annual average fitness index, and the range is 0-1.
TABLE 1 habitat suitability monthly distribution index k j
| Month of month | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| Numerical value | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
The above steps are used to obtain a flow chart for simulating and evaluating the bird waiting habitat based on the hydrodynamic model shown in figure 2.
The second set of scheme:
The lake wetland with the national or provincial natural protection area can be divided into different functional areas such as a core area, a buffer area and an experimental area, wherein the core area is used for protecting ecological resources, the public is forbidden to pass and travel activities, scientific research is generally not allowed, the buffer area is generally only allowed to enter into observation activities for scientific research, the periphery of the buffer area is divided into the experimental area, and the activities such as scientific experiments, teaching exercises, visiting investigation, travel and the like can be entered into. Considering that human activities can cause a reduction in the feeding range of a waiting bird, namely that the water area originally suitable for feeding by the waiting bird is not selected by the waiting bird due to the influence of human activities, the weight distribution of the food richness and feeding accessibility is adjusted according to different functional partitions. The human activity in the core area is basically free from human activity, so that the weight distribution of feeding accessibility can be properly reduced, and the proper growth condition of vegetation is considered. The buffer area has certain human activities, and the weight distribution of the food richness and the food accessibility can be consistent. The experimental area and the non-protection area have more human activities, and the weight distribution of feeding accessibility can be properly increased, so that the movable range of the waiting birds is mainly considered. The specific calculation is shown below.
Wherein S j represents a j-th month average fitness index, the range is 0-1, n represents the number of grids and is determined by a research area, A i represents the area of an i-th grid unit, km 2;αl represents the distribution weight of the habitat fitness index considering food richness of the grid unit in the functional partition, the range is 0-1, beta l represents the distribution weight of the habitat fitness index considering food accessibility of the grid unit in the functional partition, the range is 0-1, S plants and methods of making the same ,i,j represents the plant habitat fitness value corresponding to the j-th month water depth of the i-th grid unit, the range is 0-1, S Feeding food ,i,j represents the bird-waiting feeding habitat fitness value corresponding to the j-th month water depth of the i-th grid unit, the range is 0-1, S represents the annual average fitness index, the range is 0-1, and k j represents the influence degree of the j-th habitat fitness on the annual average fitness index, the range is 0-1. Values for α l and β l are specifically referred to in table 2. The values of k j are specifically referred to in Table 1.
Table 2 different functional partitions α l、βl take on values
| Functional partitioning | Core area | Buffer zone | Experimental zone and non-protected zone area |
| αl | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.75 |
| βl | 0.75 | 0.5 | 0.25 |
(4) Ecological hydrologic regulation scheme for suitability of waiting bird habitat
And combining experimental observation and model simulation to obtain key water depths of the annual process, providing different water level process optimization scenes, and carrying out effect evaluation. Meanwhile, the hydrologic situation is analyzed by adopting a hydrologic change index method and an application change range method, so that the influence of indexes such as high and low water levels, duration of inundation and the like on the suitable habitat of the waiting bird is further clarified. Finally, an ecological hydrologic regulation scheme for restoring the birthday of the waiting bird is provided.
① Water level process optimization scenario setting and evaluation
The key water depth of the annual process obtained by combining experimental observation and model simulation is considered, the relevant requirements of flood control and regulation functions of regulation and storage lakes on water levels are considered, different water level process optimization scenes are provided, a hydrodynamic numerical model is input for carrying out habitat suitability assessment, a scene regulation and control scheme is preferred, and the higher the average suitability index is, the better the scheme is.
② Hydrologic situational variation and impact analysis
And selecting years of long-series daily water level monitoring data, and carrying out hydrologic period division on the lake wetland by combining the water level sequence mutation and the annual water level process characteristics. By means of the hydrologic variation index method and the application variation range method, hydrologic situation variation characteristics in different periods are researched, and the potential influence of indexes such as average lake month water level, extreme water level, high-low water level occurrence time, duration time and water level variation rate on the waiting bird habitat is clear. The hydrologic variation index method comprises 5 characteristic value indexes of flow average value, extremum time, frequency, duration, inversion rate and the like. And dividing the hydrologic sequence before influence into 3 different sections of high, medium and low according to percentiles (33% and 67% of default values) by applying a change range method, and calculating corresponding hydrologic change degrees according to the change percentages of the expected frequency and the actual frequency of each hydrologic parameter to judge the change degrees of hydrologic conditions.
③ Ecological hydrologic regulation scheme
And by combining with a preferable regulation and control scenario scheme, ecological hydrologic regulation and control measures and suggestions for repairing the birthday of the waiting birds are provided aiming at the aspects of hydraulic engineering operation management, water diversion engineering optimization scheduling and the like.
According to the method, field experiments and model simulation are combined, dynamic matching of a hydrological process and an ecological process is considered from the demands of biological bodies and the conditions of habitat factors, the action mechanism of the hydrological process on the habitat factors of the birds in different periods in the year is clarified based on the richness and the feeding accessibility of the food of the birds, a habitat suitability evaluation model based on hydrodynamic simulation is constructed, the potential habitat area and the spatial distribution characteristics of the birds are analyzed, the influence degree of the hydrological process on the habitat suitability is quantized, and finally a lake wetland habitat simulation and regulation method considering dynamic matching of the habitat factors is provided. The method system considers the ecological dynamic requirements of different waiting bird types of the lake wetland, realizes the effective combination of physical mechanism experiments and numerical model simulation, establishes the effective association of hydrologic process and ecological process, enriches the ecological hydrologic regulation and control method system of the shallow lake wetland, and is beneficial to providing reference for the operation management and ecological protection restoration of the regulation and storage type lake in the heavy water diversion project.
Claims (9)
1. The lake wetland ecological hydrologic regulation method considering the dynamic requirements of the waiting bird habitat is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Through investigation and analysis of the habitat types of the waiting birds, typical emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants are selected as important habitat factors of the waiting birds;
(2) Determining the habitat suitability curves of the typical emergent aquatic plants and the submerged plants, wherein the determining the habitat suitability curves of the typical emergent aquatic plants and the submerged plants comprises a habitat suitability curve drawing step;
the habitat fitness curve drawing comprises
And drawing a habitat suitability curve according to the correlation between the character parameters and the water depth, wherein the curve is drawn by adopting three sections, and the suitability curve is weighted and fused by combining the emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants in the growth period to obtain the wetland plant overall suitability curves in different growth stages, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein S plants and methods of making the same ,j represents a plant habitat fitness value corresponding to the average water depth of the jth month, the range is 0-1, S submerged water ,j represents a submerged plant habitat fitness value corresponding to the average water depth of the jth month, the range is 0-1, and S Emergent aquatic products ,j represents an emergent plant habitat fitness value corresponding to the average water depth of the jth month, the range is 0-1;
(3) Simulating and evaluating the suitability of the waiting bird, calculating an annual average suitability index S through a habitat suitability curve, and calculating the annual average suitability index S through a formula I or a formula II, wherein the formula I is suitable for the lake wetland which does not contain a national level or provincial level natural protection area;
The formula one is specifically as follows:
Wherein S j represents a j-th month average fitness index, the range is 0-1, n represents the number of grids, and the grid number is determined by a research area when a hydrodynamic model is built, A i represents the area of an i-th grid unit, km 2;S plants and methods of making the same ,i,j represents a plant habitat fitness value corresponding to the j-th month average water depth of the i-th grid unit, the range is 0-1, S Feeding food ,i,j represents a waiting bird feeding habitat fitness value corresponding to the j-th month average water depth of the i-th grid unit, the range is 0-1, S represents an annual average fitness index, the range is 0-1, k j represents the influence degree of the j-th month habitat fitness on the annual average fitness index, and the range is 0-1;
The formula II is specifically as follows:
Wherein S j represents a j-th month average fitness index, the range is 0-1, n represents the number of grids, which is determined by a research area when a hydrodynamic model is built, A i represents the area of an i-th grid cell, km 2;αl represents the distribution weight of the habitat fitness index of the grid cell in the functional partition considering food richness, the range is 0-1, beta l represents the distribution weight of the habitat fitness index of the grid cell in the functional partition considering food accessibility, the range is 0-1, S plants and methods of making the same ,i,j represents the plant habitat fitness value corresponding to the j-th month average water depth of the i-th grid cell, the range is 0-1, S Feeding food ,i,j represents the candidate habitat fitness value corresponding to the j-th month average water depth of the i-th grid cell, the range is 0-1, S represents the annual average fitness index, the range is 0-1, k j represents the influence degree of the j-th month habitat fitness index on the annual average fitness index, and the range is 0-1.
2. The method for regulating ecological hydrologic level of lake wetland in consideration of dynamic requirements of birthday according to claim 1, further comprising
(4) And (3) carrying out water level process optimization scenario setting and evaluation according to the annual average suitability index calculated in the step (3), simultaneously analyzing the hydrologic situation by adopting a hydrologic change index method and an application change range method, further clarifying the influence of high and low water levels and submerged duration indexes on the suitable habitat of the waiting bird, and providing an ecological hydrologic regulation scheme facing the restoration of the waiting bird habitat.
3. The method for ecologically regulating and controlling water content in a lake in consideration of dynamic requirements of a waiting bird's habitat according to claim 2, wherein in the step (4), the water level process optimizing scenario setting and evaluation comprises
And combining experimental observation and model simulation to obtain key water depth in the annual process, taking relevant requirements of flood control and regulation functions of the regulation and storage lake on water level into consideration, providing different water level process optimization scenes, and inputting a hydrodynamic numerical model to evaluate the suitability of the habitat.
4. The lake wetland ecological hydrologic regulation method considering the dynamic requirements of the waiting bird habitat, which is characterized in that in the step (1), specifically, investigation and analysis are carried out on important summer and winter waiting bird habitat species and the habitat type requirements thereof of the lake wetland in a research area through a literature investigation and field investigation mode, the hidden, nesting and feeding requirements are comprehensively considered, and typical emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants are selected as important habitat factors of the waiting bird.
5. The method for ecologically controlling the water content of a lake wetland in consideration of dynamic demands of a waiting bird's habitat according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), determining the habitat suitability curves of the typical emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants comprises the steps of experimental scheme formulation, experimental data monitoring and experimental data analysis.
6. The method for ecologically regulating and controlling water content in lake wetland in consideration of dynamic requirements of birthday situation according to claim 5, wherein the experimental scheme formulation comprises
Aiming at different growth stages of emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants, determining plant sampling zones according to the characteristics of terrain and water level changes, and carrying out field observation experiments on plant traits under different water depth gradient conditions, wherein the growth stages comprise a germination stage, a growth initial stage, a growth vigorous stage, a flower and fruit stage, a decay stage and a seed dormancy stage.
7. The method for ecologically regulating and controlling water content in a lake in consideration of dynamic requirements of a waiting bird's habitat of claim 5, wherein the experimental data monitoring comprises
And carrying out experimental data monitoring, wherein emergent aquatic plant monitoring indexes comprise water depth, plant height, chlorophyll content, coverage and biomass, and submerged plant monitoring indexes comprise water depth and biomass.
8. The method for ecologically regulating and controlling water content in a lake in consideration of dynamic requirements of a waiting bird's habitat of claim 5, wherein the experimental data analysis comprises
And determining proper water depth ranges of germination period, growth initial stage, growth vigorous stage, flower and fruit stage, decay stage and seed dormancy stage by analyzing the correlation between the character parameters of emergent plants and submerged plants in different growth stages and the water depth.
9. The method for ecologically controlling the water content of a lake wetland in consideration of dynamic demands of a waiting bird habitat according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the simulation and evaluation of the suitability of the waiting bird habitat comprises the steps of data collection, model construction and quantitative evaluation, wherein the model construction comprises the steps of performing space-time distribution simulation on the water level and flow velocity physical habitat factors of the lake wetland by adopting a EFDC hydrodynamic model, and quantifying the rule of influence of the water level and flow velocity change on the potential habitat area of a typical plant annual process.
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