CN116865900A - An all-optical simultaneous multi-band multi-beam phased array transmitter and method thereof - Google Patents
An all-optical simultaneous multi-band multi-beam phased array transmitter and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种全光同时多频段多波束相控阵发射机及其方法。属于射频无线通信及雷达探测技术领域。N个波长连续可调激光器输出的光信号经第一波分复用器合束后，经光功分器功分为两束。其中一束光信号经第二波分复用器解复用为N个光信号，并输入到对应的N个载波抑制单边带调制器中，被N个不同频率的电信号调制以及光放大器放大；然后再经第三波分复用器合束以及光功分器功分为M+1束后输入到对应的(M+1)个光电探测器中。另一束光信号经1×(M+1)光相移网络相移后，被对应的(M+1)个光移相器调相，然后输入到对应的(M+1)个光电探测器中。光电探测器拍频得到的N个不同射频信号耦合到阵列天线中，通过调控N个激光器的波长，可以独立调控N个波束的连续扫描。
The invention discloses an all-optical simultaneous multi-band multi-beam phased array transmitter and a method thereof. It belongs to the field of radio frequency wireless communication and radar detection technology. After the optical signals output by the N wavelength continuously adjustable laser are combined by the first wavelength division multiplexer, they are divided into two beams by the optical power splitter. One of the optical signals is demultiplexed into N optical signals by the second wavelength division multiplexer and input into the corresponding N carrier suppressed single sideband modulators. It is modulated by N electrical signals of different frequencies and optical amplifiers. Amplified; then combined by the third wavelength division multiplexer and optical power splitter, the power is divided into M+1 beams and then input into the corresponding (M+1) photodetectors. After the other optical signal is phase-shifted by the 1×(M+1) optical phase shift network, it is phase-modulated by the corresponding (M+1) optical phase shifters, and then input to the corresponding (M+1) photoelectric detection in the vessel. N different radio frequency signals obtained by the beat frequency of the photodetector are coupled to the array antenna. By adjusting the wavelengths of N lasers, the continuous scanning of N beams can be independently controlled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radio frequency wireless communication, and relates to an all-optical simultaneous multi-band multi-beam phased array transmitter and a method thereof.
Background
The phased array technology is widely applied to radars, electronic reconnaissance, 5G/6G wireless communication systems, satellite communication systems, internet of things and the like. Compared with the traditional aperture antenna technology and the mechanical scanning technology, the method has the advantages that the beam pointing flexibility can be realized by adjusting the phase and the amplitude of the radio frequency signals emitted by each array element in the phased array system, and the rapid scanning without inertia can be realized. Meanwhile, one phased array system can form a plurality of independent beams simultaneously, and the functions of identification, reconnaissance, tracking, communication and the like are respectively realized. In the electronic reconnaissance application, a plurality of independent beams emitted by the phased array system can track a plurality of targets at the same time, so that the efficiency of the reconnaissance system is greatly improved; in wireless communication applications, multiple independent beams generated by the phased array system can be simultaneously communicated with multiple targets, so that the frequency spectrum efficiency and the communication capacity are greatly improved. In addition, compared with the traditional aperture antenna, the phased array system has directionality on the transmitted signal, greatly reduces the antenna aperture of the receiver under the condition of the same sensitivity, further reduces the size and volume of the receiver system, and has important significance on system miniaturization. In terms of reliability and stability, since the phased array system comprises a plurality of array elements, when one or more of the array elements fail, other array elements can still continue to work, so that the stability and reliability of the system are greatly enhanced.
The most important of phased array systems is the beamforming network, which directly determines the bandwidth, power consumption, loss, reliability, electromagnetic interference immunity, and control complexity of phased array beam transmissions. The traditional phased array system adopts a pure electric framework and mainly comprises an electric power division network, an analog electric phase shifting network, an electric amplifier and the like. The scheme has the advantages of small bandwidth, high power consumption, large loss, complex structure, weak electromagnetic interference resistance, multiple beams, which are formed by a plurality of electric phase-shifting sub-networks, electric power sub-networks and multi-stage electric amplifiers, the number of beams is severely limited by the number of sub-arrays and the number of antenna units in an array antenna, and the expandability is weak.
Another electrical phased array technology employs a transceiver assembly, i.e., each phased array antenna is connected to a set of radio frequency transceiver assemblies. Each transceiver component can independently control the phase and amplitude of the radio frequency signals transmitted by the corresponding antenna, so that the flexibility is very high. However, the radio frequency transceiver component has small bandwidth, complex structure and extremely high cost. In terms of simultaneous multi-beam forming, it is still necessary to divide the transceiver components into a plurality of sub-arrays, each of which independently controls one beam. Thus, the number of beams of this scheme is still limited by the number of phased array antenna elements. When the number of beams is required to be higher than hundreds of orders of magnitude, thousands of phased array antenna elements are required, which greatly increases the system volume, power consumption and cost.
Compared with a phased array antenna system formed by electrical devices, the radio frequency phased array system constructed by adopting the optical scheme design has the characteristics of large bandwidth, small transmission loss, strong electromagnetic interference resistance and the like. Currently, the beam forming network constructed based on the optical device is mainly a true delay line network, namely, a single-path beam forming network is constructed by utilizing an optical switch and a delay waveguide. The scheme has the advantages of large bandwidth, no beam deflection and strong electromagnetic interference resistance. However, for multi-beam phased array schemes, the system is extremely complex and requires multiple phased array sub-arrays to implement. Therefore, the multi-beam phased array system based on the scheme is still limited by the number of subarrays and the number of phased array antennas, which is disadvantageous for system expansion and multi-beam implementation.
Another optical rf phased array scheme employs optical transceiver components, i.e., one antenna element for each optical transceiver component. In this arrangement, a transceiver module includes a modulator, an optical true delay line, a photodetector, and the like. The advantages of this solution are large bandwidth and strong electromagnetic interference resistance, but there is still a need for sub-array means to provide multiple beams. In a large-scale beam forming system, the scheme has a complex structure, and a large number of sub-arrays are required to provide multiple beams, so that the large-scale expansion of the system is not facilitated.
In summary, the conventional electrical phased array scheme has small bandwidth, large loss and large system power consumption, and although the optical radio frequency phased array method can effectively improve the system bandwidth, reduce the transmission loss and the like, a plurality of antenna units and a subarray construction are still needed to realize a simultaneous multi-beam system. Thus, when the number of beams in a phased array system reaches hundreds of orders of magnitude or more, the complexity, power consumption and cost of the system will be greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the bottleneck of the prior art and provides an all-optical simultaneous multi-band multi-beam phased array transmitter and a method thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
in one aspect, the present invention provides an all-optical simultaneous multi-band multi-beam phased array transmitter comprising:
n wavelength continuously tunable lasers of different wavebands;
the first wavelength division multiplexer is used for combining optical signals output by the N continuous adjustable lasers;
the first optical power divider equally divides the optical signals after the beam combination of the first wavelength division multiplexer into two paths;
the modulation network module loads radio frequency signals with different frequencies to one path of optical signals after power division of the first optical power divider;
the second optical power divider divides the optical signals output by the modulation network module into M+1 paths;
the phase shifting network module is used for carrying out optical phase shifting and optical phase calibration on the other path of optical signals after the power division of the first optical power divider and outputting M+1 paths of optical signals;
m+1 photoelectric detectors, wherein a first input port of each photoelectric detector receives the optical signals of the corresponding path after the second optical power divider is equally divided, a second input port receives the optical signals of the corresponding path of the phase-shifting network module, and each photoelectric detector beats to obtain N radio frequency signals with different frequencies;
m+1 antenna units, and transmitting N different radio frequency signals obtained by beat frequency of the photoelectric detector.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the modulation network module comprises:
the second wavelength division multiplexer is used for dividing one path of optical signal wave after the power division of the first optical power divider into N paths;
n carrier suppression single sideband modulators respectively receiving N paths of optical signals subjected to wavelength division by the second wavelength division multiplexer and modulating each path of optical signals by utilizing radio frequency signals with different frequencies;
n optical amplifiers respectively amplifying the signals modulated by the N carrier suppression single sideband modulators to compensate the coupling loss in the link and the insertion loss of the device;
and the third wavelength division multiplexer is used for combining the optical signals amplified by the N optical amplifiers.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the phase shift network module includes:
the optical phase shift network receives the other path of optical signal after the power division of the first optical power divider, performs optical phase shift, outputs M+1 paths of optical signals, and has equal phase difference between any two adjacent paths of output optical signals, wherein the phase difference is that
And the M optical phase shifters are used for carrying out optical phase calibration on the 2 nd to the (M+1) th optical signals output by the optical phase shifting network.
In another aspect, the present invention provides an all-optical simultaneous multi-band multi-beam forming method based on the phased array transmitter, which includes the following steps:
the optical signals of the outputs of the N continuous-wave tunable lasers with different wave bands are denoted as lambda 1 ，λ 2 ，…，λ N The optical signals are input into a first optical power divider after being combined by a first wavelength division multiplexer, and are equally divided into two paths of optical signal groups by the first optical power divider;
one of the optical signal groups is input into a second wavelength division multiplexer, and is divided into N paths of single carrier signals by the second wavelength division multiplexer, wherein the wavelengths of the N paths of single carrier signals are respectively lambda 1 ，λ 2 ，…，λ N The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The N paths of single-carrier optical signals are respectively input into N corresponding carrier suppression single-sideband modulators, and simultaneously, N radio frequency signals f with different frequencies are input m1 ，f m2 ，…，f mN Respectively and simultaneously modulate corresponding carrier-suppressed single sideband modulators,the output carrier suppression single-sideband optical signal is amplified by an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier;
the N paths of carrier suppression single sideband signals are combined into one path of optical signals through a third wavelength division multiplexer, and M+1 paths of optical signals are equally divided through a second optical power divider; the M+1 paths of optical signals after the equipartition are respectively input to the first input ports of the corresponding M+1 photoelectric detectors;
the other path of optical signals equally divided by the first optical power divider are input into a phase shifting network module, optical phase shifting and optical phase calibration are carried out on the other path of optical signals after the power division of the first optical power divider, M+1 paths of optical signals are output to the second input port of the corresponding photoelectric detector, and the phase difference of the two adjacent paths of output optical signals is that
M+1 paths of radio frequency signals generated by the M+1 photoelectric detectors are respectively coupled to M+1 antenna units through cables; by regulating and controlling the working wavelength lambda of the N-wavelength continuously adjustable laser 1 ，λ 2 ，…，λ N I.e. the frequency is f m1 ，f m2 ，…，f mN The directives of the N wave beams are independently regulated and controlled.
The invention also provides an integration method of the phased array transmitter, which is to integrate partial components of the phased array transmitter on an InP-based optical chip and an SOI-based optical chip;
the first optical power divider, the second wavelength division multiplexer, the third wavelength division multiplexer, the N carrier suppression single sideband modulators, the second optical power divider, the phase shift network module and the M+1 photoelectric detectors are integrated on the SOI base optical chip; the SOI optical chip reserves an optical input interface and an optical output interface which are used for coupling with the InP-based optical chip;
an array chip consisting of N semiconductor optical amplifiers SOA is designed and prepared on an InP-based optical chip;
and finally, integrating the InP base optical chip with the heterogeneous on the base optical chip in a flip-chip or lens space coupling mode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can simultaneously transmit a plurality of microwave phased array beams, and the frequencies of each beam are different. In the aspect of electronic reconnaissance application, the invention can track a plurality of targets simultaneously; in broadband wireless communication, the invention can communicate with a plurality of users at the same time and does not interfere with each other. The invention is based on a new design architecture, breaks through the limitation that the number of wave beams of the traditional electrical phased array is limited by the number of array elements, the scale of subarrays and the like, realizes a novel simultaneous multi-wave beam phased array transmitter, and has strong expandability. Meanwhile, the invention is based on optical equipment and devices, and has the advantages of large bandwidth, strong electromagnetic interference resistance and the like. In addition, the invention provides an integration method of the system, which is based on an SOI and InP photon integration platform. Compared with a system built by optical discrete devices, the integrated method has the advantages of small volume, low power consumption, high stability and the like, and the practicability of the system is further promoted.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an all-optical simultaneous multi-band multi-beam phased array transmitter according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an all-optical simultaneous multi-band multi-beam phased array transmitter after selecting a specific modulation network module and a phase shift network module in the embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a WDM spectral channel of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of four 1× (M+1) OPSN structures of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of another N× (M+1) OPSN structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the frequency spectrum of points a-F of the link of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a silicon-based CS-SSB Mod structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the germanium PD structure of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a SOI photo chip fabrication process.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an InP SOA optical chip.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated and described below in connection with specific embodiments. The described embodiments are merely exemplary of the present disclosure and do not limit the scope. The technical features of the embodiments of the invention can be combined correspondingly on the premise of no mutual conflict.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an all-optical simultaneous multi-band multi-beam phased array transmitter according to the present invention. It comprises the following steps: n wavelength-continuously-tunable lasers (CWL) of different wavebands, a first wavelength division multiplexer (Wavelength Demultiplexer,1×n WDM), a first Optical Splitter (OS), a modulation network module, a second Optical Splitter, a phase shift network module, m+1 Photodetectors (PD), m+1 Antenna Elements (AE); n, M are positive integers and are independent of each other. The first wavelength division multiplexer combines optical signals output by the N continuous adjustable lasers with the wavelengths; the first optical power divider equally divides the optical signals after the beam combination of the first wavelength division multiplexer into two paths; the modulation network module loads radio frequency signals with different frequencies to one path of optical signals after power division of the first optical power divider; the second optical power divider equally divides the optical signals output by the modulation network module into M+1 paths; the phase shifting network module performs optical phase shifting and optical phase calibration on the other path of optical signals after the power division of the first optical power divider, and outputs M+1 paths of optical signals; the first input port of each photoelectric detector receives the optical signals of the corresponding path after the second optical power divider is equally divided, the second input port receives the optical signals of the corresponding path of the phase-shifting network module, and each photoelectric detector beats frequency to obtain N radio frequency signals with different frequencies; and M+1 antenna units transmit N different radio frequency signals obtained by beat frequency of the photoelectric detector.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a specific all-optical simultaneous multi-band multi-beam phased array transmitter, where the modulation network module in this embodiment includes: a second wavelength division multiplexer, N Carrier-suppressed single sideband modulators (Carrier-suppressed Single Sideband Modulator, CS-SSB Mod), N optical amplifiers, and a third wavelength division multiplexer.
The second wavelength division multiplexer divides one path of optical signal wave after the power division of the first optical power divider into N paths; n carrier suppression single sideband modulators (CS-SSB Mod) respectively receive N paths of optical signals subjected to wavelength division by the second wavelength division multiplexer and modulate each path of optical signals by utilizing radio frequency signals with different frequencies; the N optical amplifiers amplify the signals modulated by the N carrier suppression single sideband modulators respectively, and compensate the coupling loss in a link and the insertion loss of a device; the N optical amplifiers of the present embodiment are N Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifier, EDFA); and the third wavelength division multiplexer combines the optical signals amplified by the N optical amplifiers.
The phase shift network module comprises: a 1× (m+1) Optical Phase-shifting Network (OPSN) and M Optical Phase shifters. The Optical Phase Shift Network (OPSN) receives the other path of optical signal after the power division of the first optical power divider and performs optical phase shift to output M+1 paths of optical signals, and the phase difference of any two adjacent paths of output optical signals is equal and is equal to the phase difference Can be positive, zero and negative; the M optical phase shifters perform optical phase calibration on the 2 nd to M+1 th optical signals output by the optical phase shifting network.
The number of channels of the first wavelength division multiplexer, the second wavelength division multiplexer, and the third wavelength division multiplexer, the bandwidth of each channel, and the center wavelength are the same, and are all 1×n wavelength division multiplexers (1× N Wavelength Demultiplexer,1×n WDM) in this embodiment.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the main body of the structure of this embodiment includes one 1×2OS, one 1× (m+1) OS, N continuously tunable CWL of wavelengths of different bands, three identical 1×n WDM, N CS-SSB Mod, N EDFAs, one 1× (m+1) OPSN, M OPS, and (m+1) PD, (m+1) AE.
The 1 x 2OS comprises one optical input port, two optical output ports; the 1× (m+1) OS contains one optical input port, (m+1) optical output ports. The 1 x (m+1) OS may be a 1 x (m+1) multimode interferometer (Multimode Interferometer, MMI) structure or a tree structure based on a multi-level 1 x 2OS cascade; three 1 xn WDM structures are identical, with N number of optical input ports and 1 number of optical output ports in WDM-1 due to the reversibility of the optical paths (optical input ports and optical output ports can be interchanged); in WDM-2, the number of the optical input ports is 1, and the number of the optical output ports is N; in WDM-3, the number of the optical input ports is N, and the number of the optical output ports is 1; the CS-SSB Mod comprises an optical input port and an optical output port; the EDFA comprises an optical input port and an optical output port; 1× (m+1) OPSN contains 1 optical input port and (m+1) optical output ports; the OPS comprises an optical input port and an optical output port; the PD comprises two optical input ports and a radio frequency signal output port; AE includes a radio frequency input port.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the output wavelengths are λ, respectively 1 ，λ 2 ，…，λ N The laser wavelengths output by the N CWLs are input into the corresponding N optical input ports of the WDM-1, and are output after being combined by the WDM-1. The optical output end of WDM-1 is connected with the optical input end of 1X 2OS, the optical signal after WDM-1 beam combination is equally divided into two paths, one path is input to the optical input port of WDM-2, and the other path is input to the optical input port of 1X (M+1) OPSN. WDM-2 divides the optical signal input into N paths and outputs from N optical output ports thereof, the wavelengths output corresponding to the N optical output ports being lambda 1 ，λ 2 ，…，λ N 。
The optical carrier signals output by N optical output ports of WDM-2 are respectively input into N CS-SSB Mods corresponding to each other, i.e. the output wavelength of WDM-2 is lambda N Is connected to the optical input port of CS-SSB Mod-N.
Frequency f mN The radio frequency electric signal of (2) modulates the corresponding optical carrier lambda through the radio frequency input port of CS-SSB Mod-N N The frequency of the output carrier-suppressed single sideband signal is lambda N +f mN . The modulated optical signal is amplified by EDFA-N to compensate the coupling loss in the link and the insertion loss of the device, namely, the optical output port of CS-SSB Mod-N is connected with the optical input port of EDFA-N.
The N paths of carrier suppression single sideband signals are combined into one path of optical signals through the WDM-3, namely, the optical output port of CS-SSB Mod-N is connected with the Nth optical input port of the WDM-3.
The optical carrier signal combined by the WDM-3 is equally divided into (M+1) paths by 1× (M+1) OS power, namely, the optical output port of the WDM-3 is connected with the optical input port of the 1× (M+1) OS.
The optical signal output from the first optical output port of the 1× (m+1) OS is input to one optical input terminal of the PD-0, and the optical signals output from the second to (m+1) th optical output ports of the 1× (m+1) OS are correspondingly input to one optical input terminal of the PD-1 to PD-M.
The optical signal input to the 1× (m+1) OPSN is output from its corresponding (m+1) optical output ports, and the (m+1) th optical signal and the mth optical signal have a phase difference
To compensate for process induced phase errors in the link and calibrate the link phase, a tunable optical phase shifter is introduced at each optical output port of the 1 x (m+1) OPSN, i.e. the (m+1) th optical output port of the 1 x (m+1) OPSN is connected to the optical input port of the OPS-M.
The first optical output port of the 1× (m+1) OPSN is directly input to the other optical input port of the PD-0 without the need for an OPS. The (m+1) th optical output port of the 1× (m+1) OPSN is connected to the other optical input port of the PD-M.
The radio frequency signals output by the M+1 PDs and the corresponding M+1 AEs are transmitted through cables, and the radio frequency signals are transmitted through the AEs.
As shown in fig. 3, the WDM N channels has a bandwidth greater than the wavelength tunable range Δλ of CWL. Typically, the PD bandwidth is 50GHz, and then the WDM adjacent channel spacing needs to be greater than the PD bandwidth, i.e., greater than 50GHz.
As shown in fig. 4, we give a schematic of the structure of four 1× (m+1) OPSNs. As shown in fig. 4 (a), the first 1× (m+1) OPSN is composed of one 1× (m+1) MMI and (m+1) group delay waveguide. The waveguide length difference between two adjacent channels is DeltaL, so that a phase difference is introduced to the optical signals of the adjacent channelsAs shown in (b) of fig. 4, the second 1× (m+1) OPSN is composed of a tree structure composed of multilevel 1×2MMI and (m+1) group delay waveguides. Phase with the first 1× (M+1) OPSNSimilarly, the waveguide length difference between two adjacent channels is ΔL, so that a phase difference of +.>As shown in (c) of fig. 4, the third 1× (m+1) OPSN is composed of a tree structure of multistage directional couplers (Directional Coupler, DC) and (m+1) group delay waveguides. The waveguide length difference between adjacent channels is DeltaL, as in the first 1× (M+1) OPSN, so that a phase difference will be introduced for the optical signals of the adjacent channels>As shown in fig. 4 (d), the fourth 1× (sm+1) OPSN is composed of multistage directional couplers (Directional Coupler, DC) cascaded in the same waveguide. Since the waveguide length difference between two adjacent channels is DeltaL, a phase difference is introduced for the optical signals of the adjacent channels>
In addition, the 1× (m+1) OPSN used in the present invention can be implemented based on an arrayed waveguide grating structure, as shown in fig. 5, which includes N input ports (I 1 -I N ) M output ports (O 1 -O M )。
To simplify the operation of the present invention, the transmission and processing of the optical signal by one of the lasers CWL-N is described, and the transmission and processing of the optical signal by the other laser is the same as that of CWL-N.
The wavelength of the laser output by CWL-N is lambda N The corresponding angular frequency is omega N ＝2πc/λ N C is the speed of light in vacuum. Thus, the light field output by CWL-N can be expressed as: a is that 1 exp[j(ω N t-k 1 x 1 +θ 1 )]J represents an imaginary unit, t represents time, and k represents time 1 Representing wave vector, x 1 Represents the optical path difference, θ 1 Representing the initial phase, A 1 Representing the amplitude. The spectrum of the point A in the link of FIG. 2 is shown in (a) of FIG. 6, and after 1X 2OS beam splitting, the spectrums of the corresponding points B and C are shown in (B) of FIG. 6 and in FIG. 6Is shown in (c).
Wavelength lambda N Is input into CS-SSB Mod, and has a frequency f mN The frequency spectrum corresponding to the D point in FIG. 1 is shown in (D) of FIG. 6, and the frequency is c/lambda N +f mN The corresponding light field may be denoted as A 2 exp[j(ω N +2πf mN )t-k 2 x 2 +θ 2 )]. j represents an imaginary unit, t represents time, and k represents time 2 Representing wave vector, x 2 Represents the optical path difference, θ 2 Representing the initial phase, A 2 Representing the amplitude. In order to compensate the coupling loss in the link and the insertion loss of the device, the optical signal output by the CS-SSB Mod-N is input into the EDFA-N for amplification, and the spectrum of the amplified optical signal, namely the optical signal at the E point is shown as (E) in fig. 6, and the optical field can be expressed as: mu A 2 exp[j(ω N +2πf mN )t-k 2 x 2 +θ 2 )]μ represents the optical power amplification factor of EDFA-N. After 1× (m+1) OS power division, the optical field signals from the first to (m+1) th output ports can be expressed as: epsilon 0 μA 2 exp[j(ω N +2πf mN )t-k 2 x 2 +θ 2 )]，ε 1 μA 2 exp[j(ω N +2πf mN )t-k 2 x 2 +θ 2 )]，…，ε M μA 2 exp[j(ω N +2πf mN )t-k 2 x 2 +θ 2 )]Epsilon represents the attenuation coefficient introduced by the phase shifting network.
Optical signal at point C-A 1 exp[j(ω N t-k 1 x 1 +θ 1 )]After 1× (m+1) OPSN phase shifting, the optical fields from the first to (m+1) th optical output ports can be expressed as: gamma ray 0 A 1 exp[j(ω N t-k 1 x 1 +θ 1 )]，
γ 0 ，γ 1 ，…，γ M Representing the loss factor of the corresponding link. The (M+1) th optical output port of the 1× (M+1) OPSN corresponds to a wavelength of lambda N The F-point optical signal spectrum of (c) is shown in fig. 6 (F).
Therefore, among PD-0 to PD-M, the (m+1) -th PD has two ends inputted with the optical signals:and epsilon M μA 2 exp[j(ω N +2πf mN )t-k 2 x 2 +θ 2 )]The radio frequency signal obtained after the beat frequency of PD-M can be expressed as: /> Therefore, the beat frequency of two adjacent PDs is f mN Is +.>The electrical signals output by PD-0 through PD-M are transmitted to equidistant AEs (AE-0, AE-1, …, AE- (M-1), AE-M) via equal length cables. By adjusting and controlling the wavelength lambda of CWL-N N I.e. the frequency f can be realized mN Is provided for the beam to scan continuously.
The above process is the operation steps of the all-optical simultaneous multi-band multi-beam phased array transmitter system, and besides, the invention provides a system integration method, which can further reduce the complexity of the system. The integration method is mainly based on an InP-based optical chip and an SOI-based optical chip.
First, 1X 2OS, WDM-2, WDM-3, N CS-SSB Mod (CS-SSB Mod-1 to CS-SSB Mod-N), 1X (M+1) OS, 1X (M+1) OPSN, OPS (OPS-1 to OPS-M) and (M+1) PD (PD-0 to PD-M) are integrated on an SOI-based optical chip;
then designing and preparing an SOA (Semiconductor Optical Amplifier ) -an SOA-1 to an SOA-N-on the InP-based optical chip;
and finally, the two substrates are heterogeneous and integrated together in a flip-chip bonding or lens space coupling mode and the like.
The silicon-based CS-SSB Mod structure integrated on the SOI optical chip is shown in FIG. 7, and mainly comprises two sub-MZMs, and the working points of the two sub-MZMs and the working point of the whole CS-SSB Mod are regulated and controlled by a titanium nitride hot electrode (TiNTOS) on a regulating chip. Meanwhile, the silicon-based modulator needs to realize carrier suppression single-sideband modulation by means of an external wide-band 90-degree electric mixer or an on-chip integrated 90-degree electric mixer. The germanium-silicon photoelectric detector structure is shown in fig. 8 and comprises two optical input ports PD-I 1 And PD-I 2 A radio frequency output port. The radio frequency output port consists of three electrodes, namely a G-electrode, a S-signal electrode and a G-electrode. A schematic cross-sectional view of a corresponding SOI optical chip is shown in fig. 9.
The structure of the InP-based SOA optical amplifier is schematically shown in fig. 10, and mainly includes an optical input port SOA-I and an optical output port SOA-O.
Based on the steps of the invention, full-light simultaneous multi-band multi-beam phased array beam scanning can be realized, the traditional multi-beam phased array architecture constructed based on electric devices and optical devices is broken, and the number of beams is not limited by the phased array subarray scale, the number of receiving and transmitting assemblies and the number of antenna units. In radar applications, simultaneous multi-band, multi-target tracking identification may be achieved, and in wireless communications applications, simultaneous multi-user directional communications may be achieved. In addition, the method realizes multi-beam continuous scanning and breaks the bottleneck of the traditional light control phased array technology. Meanwhile, an integration method of the system is provided, and large-scale popularization and application of the scheme are greatly promoted.
The above examples illustrate several embodiments of the invention, but some of them will vary in practical applications and these details still fall within the limits of the patent of the invention. It should be noted that improvements or modifications based on the inventive concept and general framework should be made within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (13)
1. An all-optical simultaneous multi-band multi-beam phased array transmitter, comprising:
n wavelength continuously tunable lasers of different wavebands;
the first wavelength division multiplexer is used for combining optical signals output by the N continuous adjustable lasers;
the first optical power divider equally divides the optical signals after the beam combination of the first wavelength division multiplexer into two paths;
the modulation network module loads radio frequency signals with different frequencies to one path of optical signals after power division of the first optical power divider;
the second optical power divider divides the optical signals output by the modulation network module into M+1 paths;
the phase shifting network module is used for carrying out optical phase shifting and optical phase calibration on the other path of optical signals after the power division of the first optical power divider and outputting M+1 paths of optical signals;
m+1 photoelectric detectors, wherein a first input port of each photoelectric detector receives the optical signals of the corresponding path after the second optical power divider is equally divided, a second input port receives the optical signals of the corresponding path of the phase-shifting network module, and each photoelectric detector beats to obtain N radio frequency signals with different frequencies;
m+1 antenna units, and transmitting N different radio frequency signals obtained by beat frequency of the photoelectric detector.
2. The all-optical simultaneous multi-band multi-beam phased array transmitter of claim 1, wherein wavelength tunable ranges of optical signals output by the N wavelength continuously tunable lasers are Δλ; and the interval of the center wavelengths of any adjacent two optical signals is the same.
3. The all-optical simultaneous multi-band multi-beam phased array transmitter of claim 1, wherein the modulation network module comprises:
the second wavelength division multiplexer is used for dividing one path of optical signal wave after the power division of the first optical power divider into N paths;
n carrier suppression single sideband modulators respectively receiving N paths of optical signals subjected to wavelength division by the second wavelength division multiplexer and modulating each path of optical signals by utilizing radio frequency signals with different frequencies;
n optical amplifiers respectively amplifying the signals modulated by the N carrier suppression single sideband modulators to compensate the coupling loss in the link and the insertion loss of the device;
and the third wavelength division multiplexer is used for combining the optical signals amplified by the N optical amplifiers.
4. The all-optical simultaneous multi-band multi-beam phased array transmitter of claim 3, wherein the number of channels of the first wavelength division multiplexer, the second wavelength division multiplexer and the third wavelength division multiplexer, the bandwidth of each channel and the center wavelength are the same, and are all 1 xn wavelength division multiplexers.
5. The all-optical simultaneous multi-band multi-beam phased array transmitter of claim 4, wherein the channel bandwidths of the first wavelength division multiplexer, the second wavelength division multiplexer, and the third wavelength division multiplexer are greater than a wavelength tunable range Δλ of the wavelength continuously tunable laser; the adjacent channel spacing of the first wavelength division multiplexer, the second wavelength division multiplexer and the third wavelength division multiplexer is larger than the bandwidth of the photoelectric detector.
6. The all-optical simultaneous multi-band multi-beam phased array transmitter of claim 1, wherein the N optical amplifiers are N erbium-doped fiber amplifiers; or an array chip consisting of N semiconductor optical amplifiers SOA.
7. The all-optical simultaneous multi-band multi-beam phased array transmitter of claim 1, wherein the phase shift network module comprises:
the optical phase shift network receives the other path of optical signal after the power division of the first optical power divider, performs optical phase shift, outputs M+1 paths of optical signals, and the phase difference of two adjacent paths of output optical signals is
And the M optical phase shifters are used for carrying out optical phase calibration on the 2 nd to the (M+1) th optical signals output by the optical phase shifting network.
8. An all-optical simultaneous multi-band multi-beam phased array transmitter of claim 7, wherein the optical phase shift network comprises one optical input port and (m+1) optical output ports; the phase difference of the optical signals output by any two adjacent optical output ports is equal, and the phase difference is that
9. The all-optical simultaneous multi-band multi-beam phased array transmitter of claim 7, wherein the optical phase shift network is composed of a 1× (m+1) multi-mode coupling interferometer and m+1 groups of delay waveguides;
or the optical phase shift network is composed of a tree structure formed by multi-stage 1×2 multimode coupling interferometers and M+1 groups of delay waveguides;
or the optical phase shift network is composed of a tree structure formed by multi-stage directional couplers and (M+1) groups of delay waveguides;
or the optical phase shift network is formed by cascading multiple stages of directional couplers in the same waveguide.
10. The transmitter of claim 7, wherein the waveguide length difference between two adjacent channels of the optical phase shift network is Δl, and the optical signals of the adjacent channels introduce a phase difference
11. An all-optical simultaneous multi-band multi-beam phased array transmitter according to claim 1 wherein the electrical signals output by the m+1 photodetectors are transmitted via equal length cables to equidistant m+1 antenna elements.
12. An all-optical simultaneous multi-band multi-beam forming method based on the phased array transmitter of claim 3, comprising the steps of:
the optical signals of the outputs of the N continuous-wave tunable lasers with different wave bands are denoted as lambda 1 ，λ 2 ，…，λ N The optical signals are input into a first optical power divider after being combined by a first wavelength division multiplexer, and are equally divided into two paths of optical signal groups by the first optical power divider;
one of the optical signal groups is input into a second wavelength division multiplexer, and is divided into N paths of single carrier signals by the second wavelength division multiplexer, wherein the wavelengths of the N paths of single carrier signals are respectively lambda 1 ，λ 2 ，…，λ N The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The N paths of single-carrier optical signals are respectively input into N corresponding carrier suppression single-sideband modulators, and simultaneously, N radio frequency signals f with different frequencies are input m1 ，f m2 ，…，f mN Respectively modulating corresponding carrier suppression single sideband modulators simultaneously, and amplifying an output carrier suppression single sideband optical signal by an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier;
the N paths of carrier suppression single sideband signals are combined into one path of optical signals through a third wavelength division multiplexer, and M+1 paths of optical signals are equally divided through a second optical power divider; the M+1 paths of optical signals after the equipartition are respectively input to the first input ports of the corresponding M+1 photoelectric detectors;
the other path of optical signals equally divided by the first optical power divider are input into a phase shifting network module, optical phase shifting and optical phase calibration are carried out on the other path of optical signals after the power division of the first optical power divider, M+1 paths of optical signals are output to the second input port of the corresponding photoelectric detector, and the phase difference of the two adjacent paths of output optical signals is that
M+1 paths of radio frequency signals generated by the M+1 photoelectric detectors are respectively coupled to M+1 antenna units through cables; continuously adjustable by regulating and controlling N wavelengthsOperating wavelength lambda of laser 1 ，λ 2 ，…，λ N I.e. the frequency is f m1 ，f m2 ，…，f mN The directives of the N wave beams are independently regulated and controlled.
13. A method of integrating the phased array transmitter of claim 3, wherein: integrating a part of components of the phased array transmitter onto an InP-based optical chip and an SOI-based optical chip;
the first optical power divider, the second wavelength division multiplexer, the third wavelength division multiplexer, the N carrier suppression single sideband modulators, the second optical power divider, the phase shift network module and the M+1 photoelectric detectors are integrated on the SOI base optical chip; the SOI optical chip reserves an optical input interface and an optical output interface which are used for coupling with the InP-based optical chip;
an array chip consisting of N semiconductor optical amplifiers SOA is designed and prepared on an InP-based optical chip;
and finally, integrating the InP base optical chip with the heterogeneous on the base optical chip in a flip-chip or lens space coupling mode.
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