Bilateral multichannel fiber endoscope lumbar decompression operation device and regulation and control method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of medical equipment, and particularly relates to a bilateral multichannel fiber endoscope lumbar decompression operation device and a regulation and control method.
Background
The incidence of lumbar spinal stenosis increases with age, moderate stenosis incidence is 23.6% -77.9% and severe stenosis is 8.4% -30.4% in people over 40 years old. Patients with lumbar spinal stenosis often suffer from severe pain and weakness, affecting the quality of daily life and social productivity. Therefore, lumbar spinal stenosis is one of the main indications of lumbar surgery. In 2007, there were 37500 spinal stenosis surgeries in the united states alone, with a total cost approaching $16.5 billion.
In recent years, the lumbar disc excision and the vertebral canal decompression under the endoscope rapidly develop due to small tissue damage, short hospitalization time, few complications and rapid postoperative rehabilitation. The lumbar minimally invasive posterior decompression operation comprises microscopic assisted posterior decompression under a posterior small incision channel, laminoscope posterior decompression, unilateral double-channel (unilateral biportal endoscope, UBE) decompression and the like. Endoscopic laminectomy passes through the lamina and ligamentum flavum space, posteriorly to the disc. However, the operation requires pulling the dura mater sac, which may cause complications such as the rupture of the dura mater sac. In addition, the intervertebral approach requires general anesthesia or epidural anesthesia, and pure local anesthesia cannot meet the requirements of the operation. Endoscopic trans-foraminal discectomy can be performed under local anesthesia. However, the restriction of the transforaminal access field does not effectively address central sclerosis, and nerve roots may be irritated to create postoperative sensory impairment. The stenosis of the intervertebral foramen, the high iliac crest and the hypertrophic articular process can prevent the operation of the approach of the intervertebral foramen. Although the foramen mirror is gradually popularized in lumbar decompression operation, the current foramen mirror, foramen mirror and unilateral double-channel UBE still have the limitation that nerve roots can not be seen and the bleeding part in the vertebral canal can not be seen when the superior articular processes are resected or partially resected. Because the lumbar 5/sacral 1 intervertebral disc is shielded by the ilium wings, the difficulty of the operation of the foramen mirror and UBE is increased, and the risk of operation is increased. For patients with severe lumbar spinal stenosis, or slightly higher iliac wings, the foramen mirror and UBE cannot perform the decompression procedure.
Through the analysis, the problems and defects existing in the prior art are single visual angles, the relation between the upper articular process and the pressed nerve root cannot be clarified, the nerve root cannot be observed under direct vision, and the nerve root cannot be prevented from being damaged under the high-frequency vibration of a grinding drill and the cutting of rongeur when the upper articular process is cut.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the related art, the disclosed embodiments of the invention provide a bilateral multi-channel fiber endoscope lumbar decompression surgical device and a regulation method.
The technical scheme is as follows: a bilateral multichannel fiber endoscope lumbar decompression surgical device comprising: the light source structure, the first soft mirror, the hard mirror and the second soft mirror are integrated;
the light source structure is externally connected with a light source and provides brightness for the first soft mirror, the hard mirror and the second soft mirror;
the first soft mirror and the second soft mirror are integrated on different sides of the hard mirror.
The first soft mirror) and the second soft mirror are used for acquiring visual field information of nerve roots and also used for guaranteeing the safety of the nerve roots; the hard mirror is used for obtaining visual field information of the articular process in a direct view mode and is also used for providing a light source in an auxiliary mode in the operation of the articular process.
In one embodiment, the first soft mirror uses soft light input to be placed into the soft mirror's view direction channel A by either the rostral or caudal segment on the same side of the target disc.
In one embodiment, the second soft mirror uses soft light input to place the soft mirror's view direction channel B from either the cephalad or caudal segment on the contralateral side of the target disc.
In one embodiment, the hard scope uses soft light input to manipulate channel C to resect the superior articular process from the dorsal, lateral side of the spine.
In one embodiment, the first soft mirror provides a articular process ventral view using soft optical input from a cephalad segment on the same side of the target disc to the path E of the soft mirror.
In one embodiment, the second soft mirror provides a articular process ventral view using soft optical input from a path D of the soft mirror placed by a rostral segment on the opposite side of the target disc.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling the lumbar decompression surgical device of a double-sided multichannel fiber endoscope, comprising:
1-2 access ways are established again by utilizing opposite side access ways of the disc or opposite side or same side of the tail end of the disc head between the responsibility of the operation section to assist endoscopic instruments of the operation part to acquire image information of the pressed nerve root below the articular process.
In one embodiment, 1-2 access surgical field images are displayed on the same screen using a computer display.
In one embodiment, 1-2 access surgical field images are synthesized using Metlab software and monitored for reduced pressure information under nerve root conditions.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a surgical device for lumbar 5 sacral 1 disc operation, which is mounted with the double-sided multichannel fiber endoscope lumbar decompression surgical device and is connected with a rotating shaft biopsy forceps and a hemostatic electrotome, which are accompanied by optical fibers, through soft light.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
first, aiming at the technical problems existing in the prior art and the difficulty of solving the problems, the technical problems solved by the technical scheme of the invention to be protected, results and data in the research and development process and the like are closely combined, the technical problems solved by the technical scheme of the invention are analyzed in detail and deeply, and some technical effects with creativity brought after the problems are solved are specifically described as follows:
provides theoretical basis and experimental basis for further improving the operation safety, reducing the technical complexity, reducing postoperative complications and accelerating postoperative rehabilitation.
The invention provides a double-side multichannel idea for the first time, and is different from the existing lumbar minimally invasive surgery in terms of surgical approach, surgical field exposure, instrument use and matching and the like, the existing single optical cable is added into multiple optical cable multichannel (2-3), the existing single optical cable single channel focuses on the excision of the articular process, the ventral nerve root of the articular process is in blind vision, and the existing multiple optical cable multiple vision is adopted, so that the problem is solved, the nerve root can be prevented from being injured by mistake under direct vision, and the safety of the nerve root is ensured. In the prior operation, because the blind view of the nerve root is needed to be duplicated careful when the articular process is resected, a high-annual capital doctor must judge the resection degree of the articular process by virtue of years of operation experience and hand feeling, the doctor can easily grasp inaccuracy, the nerve root is injured, the multi-view multichannel can resect the herniated disk on the ventral side of the nerve root first, the nerve root can be far away from the articular process, and the nerve root is prevented from being accidentally injured when the articular process is resected, so that the operation difficulty is reduced. The invention provides theoretical basis and experimental basis for further improving the operation safety, reducing the technical complexity, reducing postoperative complications and accelerating postoperative rehabilitation.
The invention provides a pair of side access ways of the intervertebral disc and a pair of head and tail side access ways of the intervertebral disc, which assist endoscopic instruments on the same side, so that the situation of the pressed nerve root positioned below the articular process can be observed while the pathological structure of the intervertebral foramen mirror and UBE, which is a key result of cutting off the upper articular process, is observed, the nerve root is prevented from being damaged, bleeding parts can be observed, the hemostatic difficulty is reduced, the bleeding amount is reduced, and complications caused by filling saline are prevented.
The invention can insert the rotating shaft biopsy forceps and the hemostatic electrotome which are accompanied by soft light and optical fibers through the head and tail side sections of the protruding intervertebral disc or the intervertebral foramen at the opposite side. The computer display is used for displaying the bilateral operation fields on the same screen, and the Metlab software can also be used for synthesizing the two operation fields. The decompression under the nerve root condition can be monitored, the bleeding point can be observed and controlled, and the method can be applied to cases of lumbar 5/sacral 1 intervertebral discs.
Secondly, the technical proposal is regarded as a whole or from the perspective of products, and the technical proposal to be protected has the technical effects and advantages as follows:
the invention utilizes the intervertebral disc to the side approach or the intervertebral disc head and tail side approach to assist the endoscopic instrument on the same side to observe the condition of the pressed nerve root below the articular process, overcomes the technical bottleneck of the key link of the prior foramen centralis and UBE in the excision of the upper articular process, and avoids damaging the nerve root. Meanwhile, bleeding parts can be observed, the hemostatic difficulty is reduced, the bleeding amount is reduced, and complications caused by filling saline are prevented. In operation, the rotating shaft biopsy forceps and the hemostatic electrotome with soft light and optical fiber are placed through the head and tail side sections of the protruding disc or the intervertebral foramen at the opposite side. The computer display can be used for displaying the two sides of the operation fields on the same screen, and the Metlab and other software can be used for synthesizing the two operation fields. The aim of monitoring the decompression under the condition of nerve roots, observing and controlling bleeding points and smoothly aiming at lumbar 5 sacral 1 intervertebral disc operation is fulfilled. The invention can be operated on experimental animals and general specimens in advance, proves the advantages from the approach mode to the operation mode completion, finds potential problems and perfects the problems, and summarizes experience in practice. The invention can be widely applied in clinical practice, improves the technical defect of the current endoscope development, and has higher practical value for treating lumbar spinal stenosis.
The invention solves the problem of visual removal of the anterior articular process and the ventral articular process nerve root, and provides theoretical basis and experimental basis for further improving the operation safety, reducing the technical complexity, reducing postoperative complications and accelerating postoperative rehabilitation.
The invention provides a spinal canal opposite side access way, and 1-2 access ways are established on opposite sides or same sides of the disc head tail end between surgical segment responsibility, and an endoscopic instrument of an operation part is assisted, so that the situation of a pressed nerve root positioned below an articular process can be observed while a pathological structure which is a key result of pressing and is formed by cutting an upper articular process through an intervertebral foramen mirror and UBE, the nerve root is prevented from being damaged, a bleeding part can be observed, the hemostatic difficulty is reduced, the bleeding amount is reduced, and complications caused by saline infusion are prevented.
The invention can cut off the upper articular process under the condition of visual nerve root, and can display 360-degree anatomical adjacent relation between the nerve root and the upper articular process. If the operation device is added to the side access soft channel, the resection of the L5 and S1 discs is more facilitated.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure;
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a lumbar decompression surgical device of a double-sided multichannel fiber endoscope provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a lumbar decompression surgical device using a double-sided multi-channel fiber endoscope according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a light source structure; 2. a first soft mirror; 3. a hard mirror; 4. a second soft mirror.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The invention may be embodied in many other forms than described herein and similarly modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention, which is therefore not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a regulating and controlling method of a lumbar decompression operation device of a bilateral multichannel fiber endoscope, which comprises the following steps:
1-2 access ways are established again by utilizing opposite side access ways of the disc or opposite side or same side of the tail end of the disc head between the responsibility of the operation section to assist endoscopic instruments of the operation part to acquire image information of the pressed nerve root below the articular process.
In the embodiment of the invention, 1-2 access operation visual field images are displayed on the same screen by using a computer display.
In the embodiment of the invention, 1-2 access operation visual field images are synthesized by using Metlab software, and decompression information under the condition of nerve roots is monitored.
Example 2
The embodiment of the invention also provides a surgical device for lumbar 5 sacrum 1 intervertebral disc operation, which is provided with the bilateral multichannel fiber endoscope lumbar decompression surgical device and is connected with a rotating shaft biopsy forceps and a hemostatic electrotome which are accompanied by optical fibers through soft light.
As shown in fig. 1, the lumbar decompression surgical device with a double-sided multichannel fiber endoscope provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises: the light source structure 1, the first soft mirror 2, the hard mirror 3 and the second soft mirror 4 are integrated into a whole;
the light source structure 1 is externally connected with a light source and provides brightness for the first soft mirror 2, the hard mirror 3 and the second soft mirror 4;
the first soft mirror 2 and the second soft mirror 4 are integrated on different sides of the hard mirror 3;
the first soft mirror 2 and the second soft mirror 4 are used for acquiring visual field information of nerve roots and also used for guaranteeing the safety of the nerve roots; the hard mirror 3 is used for obtaining visual field information of the articular process in a direct view mode, and is also used for providing a light source in an auxiliary mode in the operation of the articular process.
As shown in fig. 2, the first soft mirror 2 is placed into the visual field direction channel a of the soft mirror by using soft light input from the rostral or caudal segment on the same side of the target disc, the second soft mirror 4 is placed into the visual field direction channel B of the soft mirror by using soft light input from the rostral or caudal segment on the opposite side of the target disc, and the hard mirror 3 is placed into the operation channel C of the superior articular process by using soft light input from the dorsal and lateral sides of the spine. The hard lens 3 is input into an endoscope hard channel such as a traditional intervertebral foramen lens by using soft light rays, and the soft light rays can be put into the endoscope channel where the soft lens is put;
in the embodiment of the present invention, the first soft mirror 2 uses soft light to input a path E for placing the soft mirror from the head side segment on the same side of the target disc, so as to provide a articular process ventral view;
the second soft mirror 4 utilizes soft light to input a path D for placing the soft mirror by a head side segment on the opposite side of the target disc, and provides a joint apophyseal side visual field;
wherein, the operation channel for cutting the upper articular process from the back and the outer side of the spine can be placed into the hard mirror 3, and the approach can not be used for directly treating the optic nerve root; if the segment is L5/S1, the segment is blocked by the iliac crest, the angle of the entrance is limited, and the view and the operation angle are limited; the first soft mirror 2 and the second soft mirror 4 are placed by the soft mirror placement of the head side segment;
in the embodiment of the present invention, the first soft lens 2 is placed at the soft lens by using soft light from the tail side segment on the same side of the target disc to input the path of the soft lens placed by the tail side segment on the same side of the target disc, so as to provide a ventral view. Wherein, the retrospective herniated disk is pressed with nerve roots pressed by hypertrophic articular processes, joint capsules and retrospective herniated disk. In the embodiment of the invention, the same light source supplies the brightness of the visual field of 3 mirrors, and the device is used for combining the soft mirror and the hard mirror which are owned at the present stage, so that the device is improved only at the original stage, the requirement of multi-visual field combination in the operation of an operator is met, and the operation is safer.
Working principle: the bilateral multichannel fiber endoscope lumbar decompression surgical device provided by the embodiment of the invention utilizes the opposite side or the same side of the opposite side access way of the intervertebral disc or the end of the head of the intervertebral disc between the responsibility of the surgical section to establish 1-2 access ways again, assists the endoscopic instrument at the surgical site to observe the situation of the compressed nerve root below the articular process, overcomes the technical bottleneck of the key link of the current foramen mirror and UBE in the excision of the upper articular process, and avoids damaging the nerve root. Meanwhile, bleeding parts can be observed, the hemostatic difficulty is reduced, the bleeding amount is reduced, and complications caused by filling saline are prevented.
In operation, the rotating shaft biopsy forceps and the hemostatic electrotome with soft light and optical fiber are placed through the head and tail side sections of the protruding disc or the intervertebral foramen at the opposite side. The computer display can be used for displaying the two sides of the operation fields on the same screen, and the Metlab and other software can be used for synthesizing the two operation fields. The aim of monitoring the decompression under the condition of nerve roots, observing and controlling bleeding points and smoothly aiming at lumbar 5 sacral 1 intervertebral disc operation is fulfilled.
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the embodiments are emphasized, and in part, not described or illustrated in any particular embodiment, reference is made to the related descriptions of other embodiments.
Example 3
The double-sided multichannel fiber endoscope lumbar decompression operation device provided by the embodiment of the invention can be applied to the processing of image information, and is similar to the display of pictures of a plurality of cameras on a computer screen or the same screen display of monitoring pictures of a plurality of dead angles.
Example 4
The lumbar decompression surgical device with the double-sided multichannel fiber endoscope can be applied to the contralateral structure of the concerned operation area and ensure the safety of surgery.
The lumbar intervertebral disc protrudes to one side and is accompanied with the patient with the hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the lateral articular process joint, the lateral nerve root is extruded by the hypertrophic articular process joint and the protruding intervertebral disc together, and the extruded nerve root is in a visual field blind area, so that the false injury of the nerve root is not easy to appear, especially the case of the lumbar 5 sacrum 1 intervertebral disc is difficult to operate due to the low position and the obstruction of the ilium wings. The device can realize multiple views, and when one side view is operated, the opposite side structure of the operation area is closely concerned, so that the operation safety is ensured.
In order to verify the application effect of the lumbar decompression surgical device with the double-sided multichannel fiber endoscope, which is provided by the embodiment of the invention, the device is operated on experimental animals and general specimens in advance, the advantages from the approach mode to the surgical completion are proved, potential problems are found and perfected, and experience is summarized in practice. The invention can be widely applied in clinical practice, improves the technical defect of the current endoscope development, and has higher practical value for treating lumbar spinal stenosis.
While the invention has been described with respect to what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.