CN116784432A - A plant essential oil product for relieving diarrhea in weaned piglets and its preparation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a plant essential oil product for relieving diarrhea of weaned pigs, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 15-20% of evening primrose oil, 10-15% of clove oil, 5-10% of tea tree oil, 3-5% of thyme essential oil, 1-3% of rose oil, 1-3% of basil oil, 1-3% of surfactant and the balance of carrier. The invention takes natural 6 kinds of plant essential oil as main active components, and adds proper amount of emulsifying agent to promote the absorption of the essential oil, and prepares the solid feed additive through zinc-containing carrier. The plant essential oil product prepared by the invention can be added into feed, and can improve the growth performance of piglets, reduce diarrhea rate and improve immune function.

Description

A plant essential oil product for relieving diarrhea in weaned piglets and its preparation method

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of feed additives, and specifically relates to a plant essential oil product for relieving diarrhea in weaned piglets and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

As an important feed additive in animal husbandry, antibiotics have effectively promoted the prosperity and development of animal husbandry. However, the widespread use of antibiotics has also caused a decline in animal immunity, an increase in bacterial resistance, food safety and drug residues, etc. series of questions. Since July 1, 2020, my country has stopped producing commercial feed containing growth-promoting drugs. After that, the feed side will face many problems, such as changes in feed conversion rate, research and development costs, production costs, etc.; the breeding side will also follow suit. It faces many problems, the most significant of which is that there will be some new changes in the diarrhea types and diarrhea rates of suckling piglets. Our country is in the early stages of banning antibiotics, which means that the feed raw materials will undergo certain changes, and the conversion rate and digestibility of feed nutrients will also change accordingly. The body functions of suckling piglets have not yet fully adapted to the new feeding environment, which will cause problems for suckling piglets. Allergic diarrhea, nutritional diarrhea, peptic diarrhea and other problems. Therefore, the diarrhea rate of suckling piglets will continue to increase for a period of time within the range of 30%.

The biologically active substances in plant extracts include plant essential oils, polysaccharides, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, resveratrol and plant tannins. They are effective as alternative antibiotic feed additives in pig production and in animal husbandry. The application is becoming more and more widespread. Among them, plant essential oils are the most commonly used plant extracts. Plants such as oregano, thyme, honeysuckle, cloves, astragalus, cinnamon, tea tree and garlic have all been proven to have good effects on inhibiting and killing bacteria and improving intestinal health. In studies on the properties of various plant essential oils, olive oil and evening primrose oil were found to be relatively stable through high-temperature heating tests, in vitro DPPH and tyrosinase inhibition tests, and human skin moisturizing tests; evening primrose oil and grape seed The in vitro antioxidant activity of oil is good (IC50=281.53, 277.27 mg/m L). Tea tree oil and evening primrose oil have good moisturizing properties on human skin. They can significantly increase skin moisture content under different oil contents and environmental humidity. . The order of comprehensive evaluation scores is: evening primrose oil > olive oil > grape seed oil > tea tree oil > camellia oil > hemp oil. Clove of the genus Syzygium of the Myrtaceae family is a tropical plant with both medicinal and food origins. It is mainly produced in Tanzania, Indonesia and other places. Clove volatile oil is extracted from dried flower buds. The main component of clove oil is eugenol, which has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, Analgesic and digestive system protection. Eugenol mainly achieves antibacterial effects by inhibiting the migration, adhesion, virulence factor expression and biofilm formation of pathogenic bacteria. Tea tree oil can promote the development of pancreas in weaned piglets and promote the antioxidant function of pancreatic tissue. 100 mg/kg tea tree oil can increase the antioxidant enzyme activities in the serum, liver and intestinal mucosa of weaned piglets, reduce the hydrogen peroxide content in serum and jejunal mucosa, thereby improving the antioxidant function of the weaned piglets. The overall effect is better than antibiotics. Adding tea tree oil to piglet feed can significantly increase the lysozyme content in piglet serum. Tea tree oil can reduce the number of early apoptotic and late apoptotic cells in piglet ileal epithelial cells IPI-2I cells under immune stress, increase the number of viable cells, and reduce interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor- in the cell supernatant. α secretion, thereby reducing the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA in cells, thereby alleviating the immune stress caused by lipopolysaccharide stimulation of IPI-2I cells. Among them, 0.03% dose of tea tree oil has the best effect in alleviating the immune stress of IPI-2I cells. . Basil is an annual herbaceous plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. The whole plant can be used as medicine. It has aroma, pungent taste and warm nature. It can dispel wind and relieve external symptoms, remove dampness and neutralize the central nervous system, promote qi and blood circulation, detoxify and reduce swelling. It is mainly used to treat headaches, colds and colds. , gastric distension, indigestion, bruises, etc. It is also often used as a topical medicine for insect bites, eczema, skin diseases and other diseases. Basil volatile oil and palmarosa oil have antioxidant, antibacterial, blood pressure lowering, anti-thrombotic, prolonging sleep time, mosquito repellent, anti-tumor and other effects. Thyme oil is a very antibacterial essential oil, and its carvacrol and thymol are used on a large scale in meat and poultry breeding as feed additives.

In the context of antibiotic-free breeding, traditional Chinese medicine is gradually being accepted in the field of breeding, and plant essential oils have received more and more attention as antibiotic substitute products. However, the existing literature supports that monomeric essential oils are mostly used, and the use of compound plant essential oils in There are few studies on livestock and poultry production. Therefore, in order to promote the rational application of compound plant essential oils in the pig raising industry, the present invention selects compound plant essential oils composed of evening primrose oil, clove oil, tea tree oil, thyme essential oil, palmarosa oil, and basil oil, and applies it to weaning In piglet diets to improve piglet growth performance and intestinal health, thereby alleviating the diarrhea problem of weaned piglets.

Contents of the invention

Based on the above problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a plant essential oil product for relieving diarrhea in weaned piglets. The plant essential oil products made according to the present invention can be added to feed, which can improve the growth performance of piglets, reduce diarrhea rates, and improve immune function.

In order to achieve the above objects, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.

In one aspect, the present invention provides a plant essential oil product for relieving diarrhea in weaned piglets. In terms of weight percentage, the plant essential oil product is composed of the following raw materials: evening primrose oil 15-20%, clove oil 10% -15%, tea tree oil 5-10%, thyme essential oil 3-5%, palmarosa oil 1-3%, basil oil 1-3%, surfactant 1-3%, and the balance is carrier.

Preferably, the surfactant includes hydrogenated lecithin and propylene glycol.

Preferably, the carrier includes zinc-loaded montmorillonite, zinc-loaded kaolinite, and zinc-loaded illite, wherein the zinc content in the carrier is not less than 0.5%.

On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for preparing a plant essential oil product for relieving diarrhea in weaned piglets, which method includes the following steps:

According to weight percentage, mix evening primrose oil 15-20%, clove oil 10-15%, tea tree oil 5-10%, thyme essential oil 3-5%, palmarosa oil 1-3%, basil oil 1-3% Mix evenly with 1-3% surfactant, then add the remaining amount of carrier and stir to obtain a plant essential oil product for relieving diarrhea in weaned piglets.

Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are: the present invention uses 6 natural plant essential oils as the main active ingredients, supplemented by an appropriate amount of emulsifiers to improve the absorption of essential oils, and is formulated through a zinc-containing carrier that has antibacterial and antidiarrheal properties Feed additives in solid form. The plant essential oil product prepared by the invention can be added to feed to improve the growth performance of piglets, reduce the diarrhea rate and improve immune function.

Implementation

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Example 1: In this example, the plant essential oil product used to relieve diarrhea in weaned piglets is composed of raw materials in parts by weight: 18 parts of evening primrose oil, 12 parts of clove oil, 8 parts of tea tree oil, and 4 parts of thyme essential oil. 2 parts of palmarosa oil, 2 parts of basil oil, 2 parts of hydrogenated lecithin, and 52 parts of zinc-loaded montmorillonite (zinc content not less than 0.5%).

The preparation method of the plant essential oil product is as follows:

Mix 18 parts of evening primrose oil, 12 parts of clove oil, 8 parts of tea tree oil, 4 parts of thyme essential oil, 2 parts of palmarosa oil, 2 parts of basil oil and 2 parts of hydrogenated lecithin, then add the remaining amount of zinc-containing mask. Stir 52 portions of destoned (zinc content not less than 0.5%) to obtain a plant essential oil product for relieving diarrhea in weaned piglets.

Example 2: The plant essential oil product used in this example to relieve diarrhea in weaned piglets has the raw material composition in parts by weight: 20 parts of evening primrose oil, 15 parts of clove oil, 5 parts of tea tree oil, and 5 parts of thyme essential oil. 1 part palmarosa oil, 1 part basil oil, 3 parts propylene glycol, and 50 parts zinc-loaded kaolinite (zinc content not less than 0.5%).

The preparation method of the plant essential oil product is as follows:

Mix 20 parts of evening primrose oil, 15 parts of clove oil, 5 parts of tea tree oil, 5 parts of thyme essential oil, 1 part of palmarosa oil, 1 part of basil oil and 3 parts of propylene glycol, then add the remaining amount of zinc-loaded kaolinite (Zinc content is not less than 0.5%) 50 parts are stirred to obtain a plant essential oil product used to relieve diarrhea in weaned piglets.

Example 3: In this example, the plant essential oil product used to relieve diarrhea in weaned piglets is composed of raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of evening primrose oil, 10 parts of clove oil, 10 parts of tea tree oil, and 3 parts of thyme essential oil. 3 parts of palmarosa oil, 3 parts of basil oil, 1 part of hydrogenated lecithin, and 55 parts of zinc-loaded illite (zinc content not less than 0.5%).

The preparation method of the plant essential oil product is as follows:

Mix 15 parts of evening primrose oil, 10 parts of clove oil, 10 parts of tea tree oil, 3 parts of thyme essential oil, 3 parts of palmarosa oil, 3 parts of basil oil and 1 part of hydrogenated lecithin, then add the remaining amount of zinc-containing Yili Stir 55 parts of stone (zinc content not less than 0.5%) to obtain a plant essential oil product for relieving diarrhea in weaned piglets.

Comparative Example 1: In this example, the plant essential oil product for relieving diarrhea in weaned piglets is composed of raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of clove oil, 8 parts of tea tree oil, 4 parts of thyme essential oil, and 2 parts of palmarosa oil. 2 parts of basil oil, 2 parts of hydrogenated lecithin, and 70 parts of zinc-containing montmorillonite (zinc content not less than 0.5%).

The preparation method of the plant essential oil product is as follows:

Mix 12 parts of clove oil, 8 parts of tea tree oil, 4 parts of thyme essential oil, 2 parts of palmarosa oil, 2 parts of basil oil and 2 parts of hydrogenated lecithin, then add the remaining amount of zinc-loaded montmorillonite (the zinc content is not less than 0.5%) 70 parts are stirred to obtain a plant essential oil product used to relieve diarrhea in weaned piglets.

Comparative Example 2: In this example, the plant essential oil product used to relieve diarrhea in weaned piglets is composed of raw materials in parts by weight: 18 parts of evening primrose oil, 8 parts of tea tree oil, 4 parts of thyme essential oil, and palmarosa. 2 parts of oil, 2 parts of basil oil, 2 parts of hydrogenated lecithin, and 64 parts of zinc-loaded montmorillonite (zinc content not less than 0.5%).

The preparation method of the plant essential oil product is as follows:

Mix 18 parts of evening primrose oil, 8 parts of tea tree oil, 4 parts of thyme essential oil, 2 parts of palmarosa oil, 2 parts of basil oil and 2 parts of hydrogenated lecithin, then add the remaining amount of zinc-loaded montmorillonite (zinc content Not less than 0.5%) 64 parts are stirred to obtain a plant essential oil product used to relieve diarrhea in weaned piglets.

Comparative Example 3: In this example, the plant essential oil product used to relieve diarrhea in weaned piglets is composed of raw materials in parts by weight: 18 parts of evening primrose oil, 12 parts of clove oil, 4 parts of thyme essential oil, and palmarosa. 2 parts of oil, 2 parts of basil oil, 2 parts of hydrogenated lecithin, and 60 parts of zinc-loaded montmorillonite (zinc content not less than 0.5%).

The preparation method of the plant essential oil product is as follows:

Mix 18 parts of evening primrose oil, 12 parts of clove oil, 4 parts of thyme essential oil, 2 parts of palmarosa oil, 2 parts of basil oil and 2 parts of hydrogenated lecithin, then add the remaining amount of zinc-loaded montmorillonite (zinc content Not less than 0.5%) 60 parts are stirred to obtain a plant essential oil product used to relieve diarrhea in weaned piglets.

Comparative Example 4: In this example, the plant essential oil product for relieving diarrhea in weaned piglets is composed of raw materials in parts by weight: 18 parts of evening primrose oil, 12 parts of clove oil, 8 parts of tea tree oil, and palmarosa. 2 parts of oil, 2 parts of basil oil, 2 parts of hydrogenated lecithin, and 56 parts of zinc-loaded montmorillonite (zinc content not less than 0.5%).

The preparation method of the plant essential oil product is as follows:

Mix 18 parts of evening primrose oil, 12 parts of clove oil, 8 parts of tea tree oil, 2 parts of palmarosa oil, 2 parts of basil oil and 2 parts of hydrogenated lecithin, then add the remaining amount of zinc-loaded montmorillonite (zinc content Not less than 0.5%) 56 parts are stirred to obtain a plant essential oil product used to relieve diarrhea in weaned piglets.

Application examples: Effect of plant essential oil products on growth performance, diarrhea rate and serum immune indicators of weaned piglets. Experimental method: The experiment selected 60 30-day-old (half male and half female) weaned three-yuan (Du × length × large) piglets that were healthy, disease-free, and in uniform body condition, and were randomly divided into 6 groups, which were respectively set as the control group and the experimental group I. , test group II, test group III, test group IV and test group V, each group has 3 repetitions, each repetition has 5 heads. The piglets in the control group were fed a basal diet; the test group I: the piglets were fed a basal diet + 100 mg·kg ^-1 of the plant essential oil product of Example 1; the test group II: the piglets were fed a basal diet + 100 mg·kg ^{- 1.} The plant essential oil product of Comparative Example 1; Test Group III: Piglets are fed a basal diet + 100 mg·kg ^- 1. Comparative Example 2: A plant essential oil product; Test Group IV: Piglets are fed a basal diet + 100 mg·kg ^{- 1.} The plant essential oil product of Comparative Example 3; Test Group V: Piglets were fed basal diet + 100 mg·kg ^-1 . The plant essential oil product of Comparative Example 4; The test period was 45 days, and all test piglets had free access to food and water. On the basal day The grain is based on NRC (2001), and its specific formula and nutritional level are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Basic diet formula and nutritional levels

Diet composition content(%) nutrient content level corn 61.36 Metabolizable energy/(MJ·kg ^-1 ) 13.39 soybean meal 22.03 Crude protein/% 19.74 bran 5 Lysine/% 1.3 fishmeal 4.43 Methionine + Cystine/% 0.81 salt 0.3 Threonine/% 0.65 Soybean oil 2.6 calcium/% 0.87 premix 4.28

NOTE: Premix provides per kilogram of feed: VA 10000 IU, VD ₃ 2500 IU, VE30 IU, VK ₃ 5.0 mg, VB ⁶ 3.8 mg, Mn 90 mg, Zn 85 mg, Fe 90 mg, Cu 11 mg, Se 0.115 mg, I 0.95 mg, pantothenic acid 15.0 mg, biotin 0.1 mg.

1. Determination of piglet production performance indicators

During the test period, before morning feeding every day, the weight of each pig was weighed and recorded, and the average daily feed intake, weight gain, and feed-to-weight ratio of each pig were calculated.

Average daily feed intake/g = total feed intake/number of test days × total number of piglets

Average daily weight gain/g = (final measured weight - initial measured weight)/number of test days

Feed to weight ratio = total feed consumption/(final weight – initial weight) × 100%. The results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Piglet growth performance test results

It can be seen from Table 2 that compared with the control group I, the average daily feed intake and average daily weight gain of the experimental groups I to V were significantly higher; compared with the experimental group I, the experimental groups II to V lacking any of the essential oils The average daily feed intake and average daily weight gain decreased significantly, indicating that there is a synergistic effect between these essential oils, and simultaneous use will significantly improve the growth performance of piglets.

2. Determination of piglet diarrhea rate

During the experiment, the diarrhea and health status of each group of pigs were observed and recorded at 8:00 every day, and the diarrhea rate and mortality were calculated.

Diarrhea rate = Cumulative number of piglets with diarrhea / (Number of test piglets × Number of test days) × 100%

Mortality rate = number of dead piglets / number of test piglets × 100%. The results are shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Piglet diarrhea rate detection results

As can be seen from Table 3, compared with control group I, the diarrhea rate and death rate of test groups I~V were significantly reduced; compared with test group I, the diarrhea rate and death rate of test groups II~V lacking any of the essential oils The rate is significantly higher, indicating that there is a synergistic effect between these essential oils, and simultaneous use will significantly reduce the diarrhea rate and mortality of piglets.

3. Determination of immune function indicators of piglets

At the end of the feeding test, feeding was stopped for 12 h, and 10 test piglets were randomly selected from each test group. 10 mL of blood was collected through the anterior vena cava, left to stand for 30 min, centrifuged at 4000 r/min for 10 min, and the upper serum was separated and stored at - 20°C. Various immune indicators were measured using ELISA kits. The results are shown in Table 4.

Table 4 Test results of piglet serum immune function indicators

It can be seen from Table 4 that compared with the control group I, the IgG, IgM, IgA and IL-4 contents of the test groups I to V were significantly increased; compared with the test group I, the test group II~ which lacked any of the essential oils The IgG, IgM, IgA and IL-4 contents of V all decreased, indicating that there is a synergistic effect between these essential oils, and their simultaneous use will improve the immune level of piglets.

Everything that is not described in detail in the present invention is a well-known technology for those skilled in the art.

Finally, it should be noted that the above specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the examples, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be carried out. Modifications and equivalent substitutions, without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, shall be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A plant essential oil product for relieving diarrhea in weaned piglets, characterized in that, based on weight percentage, the plant essential oil product consists of the following raw materials: evening primrose oil 15-20%, clove oil 10-15 %, tea tree oil 5-10%, thyme essential oil 3-5%, palmarosa oil 1-3%, basil oil 1-3%, surfactant 1-3%, and the balance is the carrier. 2. The plant essential oil product for relieving diarrhea in weaned piglets according to claim 1, wherein the surfactant includes hydrogenated lecithin and propylene glycol. 3. The plant essential oil product for relieving diarrhea in weaned piglets according to claim 1, wherein the carrier includes zinc-loaded montmorillonite, zinc-loaded kaolinite, and zinc-loaded illite, wherein the zinc content in the carrier Not less than 0.5%. 4. The preparation method of plant essential oil products for relieving diarrhea in weaned piglets according to claim 1, characterized in that the method includes the following steps: According to weight percentage, mix evening primrose oil 15-20%, clove oil 10-15%, tea tree oil 5-10%, thyme essential oil 3-5%, palmarosa oil 1-3%, basil oil 1-3% Mix evenly with 1-3% surfactant, then add the remaining amount of carrier and stir to obtain a plant essential oil product for relieving diarrhea in weaned piglets.