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CN116725126A - 溶血磷脂酸在防治猪感染性腹泻中的应用 - Google Patents

溶血磷脂酸在防治猪感染性腹泻中的应用 Download PDF

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CN116725126A
CN116725126A CN202310830639.1A CN202310830639A CN116725126A CN 116725126 A CN116725126 A CN 116725126A CN 202310830639 A CN202310830639 A CN 202310830639A CN 116725126 A CN116725126 A CN 116725126A
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lysophosphatidic acid
piglets
feed
diarrhea
infectious diarrhea
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虞洁
杜雯婷
陈代文
阎辉
余冰
何军
郑萍
毛湘冰
伍爱民
轩玥琪
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Sichuan Agricultural University
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Priority to PCT/CN2023/123562 priority patent/WO2025010846A1/zh
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    • A23K—FODDER
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Abstract

本发明公开了溶血磷脂酸作为饲料添加剂在防治猪感染性腹泻中的应用，属于饲料营养技术领域。溶血磷脂酸是在机体体内能内源性产生一类脂质物质，其可以通过抑制CFTR依赖的碘外流减少仔猪因感染大肠杆菌造成的小肠肠液大量分泌，预防断奶仔猪对大肠杆菌的易感性，有效维护仔猪肠道健康。溶血磷脂酸作为机体内源性的物质，本发明首次发现饲料添加溶血磷脂酸对仔猪大肠杆菌感染性腹泻有防治效果。

Description

溶血磷脂酸在防治猪感染性腹泻中的应用
技术领域
本发明属于饲料营养技术领域，涉及溶血磷脂酸作为饲料添加剂在防治猪感染性腹泻中的应用。
背景技术
仔猪早期断奶是现代集约化养殖的关键技术之一，能够有效缩短母猪哺乳期，提高母猪年生产力，最大限度发挥母猪繁殖性能。然而早期断奶仔猪在一方面会失去来自母体母乳的被动免疫，会降低仔猪免疫力，使得仔猪易感外源病原致使抗病力下降。另一方面，仔猪在早期断奶时胃肠道并未发育完全，同时断奶后会造成的肠道形态结构发生改变，包括肠道绒毛缩短，隐窝深度增加，消化酶活性降低。这一胃肠道的变化将会影响仔猪对日粮中营养物质的消化吸收，未消化的营养物质在进入肠道后端发酵后易被致病菌利用繁殖，降低肠道有益菌数量，增加有害菌数量，使得肠道生物屏障受损。同时当仔猪肠道内通透性增大，肠道内外源病原可以轻易通过肠道上皮细胞侵入机体，诱发仔猪出发肠道炎症、腹泻等症状。
根据大肠杆菌在感染过程中能否产生肠毒素的能力，可将大肠杆菌分为产肠毒素大肠杆菌和非产毒素大肠杆菌两大类。产肠毒素大肠杆菌(ETEC)是一类最常见的引起畜禽肠道疾病的病原微生物，也是造成仔猪死亡的重要因素之一。ETEC依靠粘附因子定植于宿主肠上皮细胞，大量增殖后破坏肠道微生态平衡引发继发性感染，同时分泌肠毒素使得肠道上皮细胞渗透压失衡，从而损伤肠道屏障功能，引起肠道功能紊乱，导致仔猪腹泻，脱水，甚至死亡。ETEC感染仔猪肠道首先会通过黏附素与宿主肠道上皮相结合。目前，研究较多的动物源ETEC黏附素主要有K88(F4)、K99(F5)、987P(F6)等，其中以K88(F4)最受关注。K88主要包括K88ab、K88ac、K88ad三种血清型，K88ac被认为是引起仔猪腹泻的主要血清型，由ETEC K88ac感染仔猪肠上皮细胞(IPEC-J2)所导致的免疫反应最明显。ETEC在小肠定植后会大量增殖并分泌与腹泻直接相关的毒力因子肠毒素，包括不耐热肠毒素(LT)和耐热肠毒素(ST)2种。猪源ETEC分泌的耐热肠毒素(ST)可与猪肠道上皮细胞的鸟苷酸环化酶C(GC-C)的胞外域和硫脂受体相结合，导致肠内水盐代谢失衡，大量水分和电解质外渗，引起分泌性腹泻。
在生产上，当仔猪出现大肠杆菌感染性腹泻时，常会采用抗生素对仔猪进行治疗。但抗生素在治疗腹泻疾病的同时会造成畜禽免疫力的降低、细菌耐药性增加、存在药物残留以及致基因突变、引发畸形和诱发癌症等毒副作用。
溶血磷脂酸(LPA)是一种在血清中浓度较高，但在其他真核生物组织中的浓度较低的具有生物活性的甘油磷脂。LPA已知有至少六个高亲和力、同源型视紫红质样G-蛋白偶联受体，以及一个核受体及过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体C(PPARc)。LPA的生物学作用可以分为三大类：一是正常细胞功能，比如平滑肌收缩、细胞自身趋化性、Ca2+动员和神经递质释放、血小板聚集、红细胞生成、骨髓基质的造血功能、细胞正常增殖和迁移、细胞分化等；二是抑制各种病症，包括精神分裂、动脉粥样硬化、异常瘙痒、哮喘、纤维化、生殖障碍和骨代谢；三是调节很多癌细胞系恶性能力的获得，比如癌细胞的异常增殖和迁移、侵染、自噬、抗药性等能力。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供溶血磷脂酸作为饲料添加剂在防治猪感染性腹泻中的应用，溶血磷脂酸(1-油酰基-sn-甘油3-磷酸钠)，分子量510.39，结构如下：
优选地，所述猪感染性腹泻是由大肠杆菌引起的。
更优选地，所述饲料添加剂为粉剂、颗粒剂。
更优选地，所述饲料添加剂为含有有效剂量溶血磷脂酸的组合物或混合物。
更优选地，所述饲料添加剂组合物为溶血磷脂酸和载体混合制成的预混剂。
更优选地，所述溶血磷脂酸预混剂在饲料中的添加剂量为饲料总重量的0.1％～0.5％。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
溶血磷脂酸是在机体体内能内源性产生一类脂质物质，其可以通过抑制CFTR依赖的碘外流减少仔猪因感染大肠杆菌造成的小肠肠液大量分泌，同时起到预防断奶仔猪对大肠杆菌的易感性，有效维护仔猪肠道健康。溶血磷脂酸作为机体内源性的物质，本发明首次发现饲料添加溶血磷脂酸对仔猪大肠杆菌感染性腹泻有防治效果，且无毒副作用，动物排泄物对环境无污染。
具体实施方式
实施例1
1.试验材料
25日龄DLY断奶仔猪，平均体重(7.24±0.07)kg。
2.试验设计
试验选用32头仔猪，分为4组，每组8个重复，试验期为21天。ETEC+LPA组和LPA组日粮添加0.3％的溶血磷脂酸，试验第18天对照组和LPA组灌喂500ml的生理盐水，ETEC组和ETEC+LPA组仔猪灌喂500ml ETEC菌液，ETEC浓度为1×109CFU浓度。具体分组见表1。试验21天早上进行屠宰采样。
表1试验分组
3.试验结果
3.1溶血磷脂酸对仔猪大肠杆菌感染性腹泻率的影响
如表2所示，ETEC攻毒显著提高了仔猪腹泻率和腹泻指数(P＜0.05)。饲料中添加LPA的可显著改善由ETEC引起的仔猪腹泻，显著降低仔猪腹泻率(P＜0.05)和腹泻指数(P＜0.05)。
表2饲料中添加LPA对攻毒后仔猪腹泻指标的影响
注：同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P＞0.05)，不同小写字母表示差异显著(P＜0.05)。下表同。
3.2溶血磷脂酸对仔猪感染大肠杆菌肠道组织形态的影响
如表3所示，CON组与LPA组的绒毛高度、隐窝深度、绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值(V/C)无显著性(P>0.05)。ETEC攻毒降低十二指肠和回肠的绒毛高度和V/C(P<0.05)，提高了回肠的隐窝深度(P<0.05)。饲料中添加LPA显著提高ETEC攻毒仔猪十二指肠和回肠的绒毛高度和V/C(P<0.05)。此外，LPA降低ETEC攻毒仔猪回肠隐窝深度并提高绒隐比(P<0.05)。
表3饲料中添加LPA对仔猪肠道组织形态的影响
3.3溶血磷脂酸对仔猪感染大肠杆菌肠道通透性的影响
如表4所示，与CON组相比，ETEC攻毒仔猪LPS、DAO、D-乳酸、流体聚集率显著上升(P＜0.05)，饲料添加LPA显著降低ETEC攻毒仔猪的LPS、DAO、D-乳酸、流体聚集率(P＜0.05)。
表4饲料中添加LPA对攻毒后仔猪通透性的影响
4.结论
溶血磷脂酸对仔猪生长性能无显著负面影响，可显著改善ETEC造成的仔猪肠道组织形态的损伤和通透性的降低，可显著降低仔猪大肠杆菌引起的腹泻率。
实施例2
1.试验材料
21日龄DLY断奶仔猪，平均体重(6.23±0.82)kg。
2.试验设计
试验选用24头仔猪，分为3组，每组8个重复，试验期为21天。ETEC+LPA组日粮添加0.2％的溶血磷脂酸，试验第18天对照组灌喂200ml的生理盐水，ETEC组和ETEC+LPA组仔猪灌喂200mlETEC菌液，ETEC浓度为1×109CFU浓度。具体分组见表5。试验21天早上进行屠宰采样。
表5试验分组
3.试验结果
如表6所示，攻毒前添加溶血磷脂酸可显著降低腹泻率(P＜0.05)，同时攻毒后，添加溶血磷脂酸的大肠杆菌攻毒仔猪腹泻率和腹泻指数也显著下降(P＜0.05)。
表6仔猪大肠杆菌腹泻率
4.结论
饲料添加0.2％溶血磷脂酸可有效降低断奶仔猪大肠杆菌引起的腹泻率。
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选方式进行描述，并非对本发明的范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进，均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。

Claims (6)

1.溶血磷脂酸作为饲料添加剂在防治猪感染性腹泻中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，所述猪感染性腹泻是由大肠杆菌引起的。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的应用，其特征在于，所述饲料添加剂为口服粉剂或颗粒剂。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的应用，其特征在于，所述饲料添加剂为含有有效剂量溶血磷脂酸的组合物或混合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用，其特征在于，所述饲料添加剂组合物为溶血磷脂酸和载体混合制成的预混剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用，其特征在于，所述溶血磷脂酸预混剂在饲料中的添加剂量为饲料总重量的0.1％～0.5％。
CN202310830639.1A 2023-07-07 2023-07-07 溶血磷脂酸在防治猪感染性腹泻中的应用 Pending CN116725126A (zh)

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PCT/CN2023/123562 WO2025010846A1 (zh) 2023-07-07 2023-10-09 溶血磷脂酸在防治猪感染性腹泻中的应用
US18/598,622 US20250009769A1 (en) 2023-07-07 2024-03-07 Use of lysophosphatidic acid (lpa) in controlling porcine infectious diarrhea

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