CN116581531A - A wide-beam dual-polarized dielectric resonator antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a wide-beam dual-polarized dielectric resonator antenna, which is characterized in that a square metal patch with a metallized via hole is arranged at the near-vertex position of a square back cavity substrate integrated dielectric resonator, so that a non-radiation mode can be restrained, an electric field opposite to the resonator is provided, the E-plane beam width of the antenna is improved and expanded, and finally the wide-beam dielectric resonator antenna is obtained.

Description

A wide-beam dual-polarized dielectric resonator antenna

technical field

The invention relates to an antenna, in particular to a wide-beam dual-polarization dielectric resonator antenna.

Background technique

In wireless applications, the half-power beamwidth of an antenna is widely concerned as an important indicator. Due to its large coverage area, the wide-beam antenna can obtain high gain at low elevation angles, and is suitable for satellite communications, intelligent transportation and other fields. When used as a phased array unit, the wide beam antenna can increase the scanning range and is suitable for related applications that require wide-angle scanning. In base station applications, wide beam antennas are beneficial for reducing the number of sectors. At the same time, in the fields of satellite antennas, base station antennas, and aperture synthetic radars, while antennas obtain wider beams, they also need dual-polarization work to expand system capacity. Among the dual-polarized wide-beam antennas, metal dipole antennas are often used in low-frequency microwave bands. When operating at high frequencies, their high conductor loss will reduce radiation efficiency and gain; the conductor loss of dielectric resonator antennas will be It is greatly reduced and the radiation efficiency is increased, which can ensure higher efficiency and gain when working at a higher frequency. Therefore, the wide-beam dual-polarization dielectric resonator antenna has certain research significance and engineering value.

The main design method of the current wide-beam dielectric resonator antenna is to bend the rectangular dielectric resonator, stack multi-layer cylindrical ceramic dielectric sheets, and place comb-shaped metal structures or ring-shaped metal structures around or on both sides of the rectangular dielectric resonator. Irregular-shaped dielectric resonators to integrate multiple modes, short column structures or mushroom-shaped structures embedded in rectangular dielectric resonators with eight-shaped radiation, irregular rectangular dielectric resonators or vertical metal plates loaded with folded ground Cylindrical dielectric resonators, etc. On the one hand, the above design methods do not consider the influence of the medium environment and the treatment measures when the printed circuit board is implemented; Process to achieve substrate integration, resulting in low integration. At the same time, the above-mentioned antenna structure is in a non-centrosymmetric form, and can only realize a single-polarized working state, but cannot realize a dual-polarized working state.

Contents of the invention

Purpose of the invention: Aiming at the above-mentioned prior art, a wide-beam radiation dielectric resonator antenna with dual polarization and planar integration characteristics is proposed.

Technical solution: a wide-beam dual-polarized dielectric resonator antenna, the structure of which is symmetrical to the center, including a top-layer metal structure, an upper-layer high-permittivity substrate, a metal ground, and a lower-layer low-permittivity Substrate and underlying metal structure;

The top metal structure is composed of a square ring metal structure and four square metal patches. The four square metal patches are respectively located at the four inner vertices of the square ring metal structure, and are set between the square ring metal structure. There is a gap; a ring of metallized via holes is provided along the inner edge of the square ring metal structure, and a pair of metallized via holes are provided on each square metal patch. The ring of metallized via holes and the metallized via holes connecting the top metal structure and the metal ground;

The metal floor is provided with four rectangular slots arranged symmetrically about the center and arranged in a square; the underlying metal structure is four metal strip lines arranged in a cross shape, which are respectively located directly below the rectangular slots.

Further, on each square metal patch, the pairs of metallized vias are respectively located at the edges of the square metal patch and the square ring metal structure on both sides, and four pairs of metallized vias are symmetrical about the center of the antenna. .

Further, the side lengths of the four square metal patches are between 0.13λ ₀ and 0.16λ ₀ , and the gap between the edges and the inner side of the square ring metal structure is between 0.01λ ₀ and 0.02λ ₀ .

Beneficial effects: the existing wide-beam dielectric resonator antenna cannot realize the substrate-integrated wide-beam dielectric resonator antenna because the influence of the medium environment and the processing measures when the printed circuit board is implemented are not considered, and the antenna structure is complex; Dual polarization cannot be achieved due to the non-centrosymmetric structure. Aiming at the shortcomings of the prior art, the structure and method of the wide-beam dielectric resonator antenna proposed by the present invention can realize substrate integration with the printed circuit board process, thereby reducing installation errors and improving yield, and solves the problem of existing problems in terms of performance. Competitive designs cannot achieve dual polarization operation and cannot achieve beam broadening in both polarizations.

Specifically, the present invention places a square metal patch with a metallized via hole near the apex of a square cavity-backed substrate integrated dielectric resonator, which can suppress non-radiative modes and provide an electric field opposite to the resonator, thereby improving Match and expand the E-plane beam width of the antenna, and finally obtain a wide-beam dielectric resonator antenna, which has structural characteristics such as simple structure, planarization, processable printed circuit board technology, and integrated substrate, as well as dual-polarized work and two Both polarizations can broaden the beam and other performance characteristics.

The side lengths of the four square metal patches are between 0.13λ ₀ and 0.16λ ₀ , located at the four vertices of the dielectric resonator, and there is a gap between the edges and the inner side of the square ring metal structure, and the metallized via holes are located in the square At the edge of the non-adjacent sides of the metal patch and the square ring metal structure, the combination of the square metal patch and the metalized via hole can suppress the On the other hand, an electric field opposite to that in the dielectric resonator is generated in the gap, which effectively widens the beam width of the two polarized E-plane radiation.

A pair of vertical rectangular slots and a pair of horizontal rectangular slots are center- _{symmetrically} distributed _{on the} metal ground _. When the line is differentially excited, the electric field in the same direction is formed, and under the action of the dielectric resonator, a resonance point supporting edge radiation can be provided to widen the working bandwidth.

A pair of microstrip feeders in the horizontal direction and a pair of microstrip feeders in the vertical direction can differentially excite the vertical rectangular slot and the horizontal rectangular slot respectively to form a dual-polarized differential feeding structure, combined with the orthogonal mode of the dielectric resonator being excited, it can The antenna achieves high port isolation and low cross-polarization levels.

Arrange a circle of metallized via holes inside the square ring metal structure to form an equivalent metal back cavity structure, which is used to isolate the internal and external structures of the dielectric resonator, and avoid the working characteristics of the external structure to the internal main part in the substrate integration environment have an impact, and at the same time can increase the gain to a certain extent.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the sectional structure schematic diagram of wide-beam dual-polarization dielectric resonator antenna of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a top view structural schematic diagram of the wide-beam dual-polarization dielectric resonator antenna of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the metal structure of the middle layer of the wide-beam dual-polarization dielectric resonator antenna of the present invention;

4 is a schematic diagram of the underlying metal structure of the wide-beam dual-polarization dielectric resonator antenna of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the matching and isolation simulation results of the wide-beam dual-polarized dielectric resonator antenna of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the simulated gain of the wide-beam dual-polarized dielectric resonator antenna of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is the E-plane half-power beam width of the wide-beam dual-polarized dielectric resonator antenna of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is the simulated pattern at 18.8 GHz when the wide-beam dual-polarized dielectric resonator antenna of the present invention works with horizontal polarization;

Fig. 9 is a simulation pattern at 19.6 GHz when the wide-beam dual-polarization dielectric resonator antenna of the present invention is working with horizontal polarization;

Fig. 10 is a simulation pattern at 20.4 GHz when the wide-beam dual-polarized dielectric resonator antenna of the present invention works with horizontal polarization.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figures 1 to 4, a wide-beam dual-polarization dielectric resonator antenna, the antenna structure is centrosymmetric, consisting of a top layer metal structure 1, an upper layer high dielectric constant substrate 2, a metal ground 3, a lower layer low dielectric The electrical constant substrate 4, the bottom metal structure 5, and a ring of metallized via holes 6 and four pairs of metallized via holes 7 connecting the top layer metal structure 1 and the metal ground 3 are composed.

The top metal structure 1 is composed of a square ring metal structure 11 and four square metal patches 12. The side length of the inner opening of the square ring metal structure 11 is between 0.62λ ₀ and 0.68λ ₀ , and λ ₀ is the center frequency corresponding to Free space wavelength, the side lengths of the four square metal patches 12 are between 0.13λ ₀ ~ 0.16λ ₀ , and they are respectively located at the four inner vertices of the square ring metal structure 11. The margin is between 0.01λ ₀ and 0.02λ ₀ . The metallized via holes 6 are arranged at the inner edge of the square ring metal structure 11 , and divide the upper high dielectric constant substrate 2 into an inner dielectric radiator part 21 and an outer dielectric structure 22 . Each pair of metallized via holes 7 has two metallized via holes, which are respectively located at the edges of the square metal patch 12 and the square ring metal structure 11. symmetry.

Four rectangular grooves 31 to ₃₄ between _0.15λ0 and 0.17λ0 are etched on the metal ground 3, two vertical rectangular grooves 31, 32 and two parallel rectangular grooves 33, 34 are symmetrical about the center and the spacing between 0.22λ ₀ and 0.26λ ₀ . The underlying metal structure 5 is four metal strip lines 51-54 with a length ranging from 0.38λ ₀ to 0.41λ ₀ , all of which are located directly below the corresponding rectangular slots and are respectively orthogonal to the corresponding rectangular slots.

The top metal structure 1, the upper high dielectric constant substrate 2, the metal ground 3, a circle of metallized via holes 6, and four pairs of metallized via holes 6, 7 form a square cavity-backed substrate integrated dielectric resonator as an antenna radiator part. The underlying metal structure 5 , the lower low dielectric constant substrate 4 and the metal ground 3 form a pair of horizontal microstrip feeders and a pair of vertical microstrip feeders, which respectively correspond to two pairs of differential ports.

For the proposed wide-beam dual-polarized dielectric resonator antenna, when the antenna is working, the signal is coupled to the corresponding rectangular slot through the microstrip differential feeder pair, and a wide-beam dipole is formed under the action of the square cavity-backed substrate integrated dielectric resonator Boundary radiation.

In this process, taking the horizontal polarization work as an example, the two vertical rectangular slots are fed by the horizontal differential microstrip to present the same horizontal electric field, which can support the edge-fired horizontally polarized radiation, and the same horizontal electric field can excite the square Cavity Backed Substrate Integrated Dielectric Resonator mode, which also supports edge-firing horizontally polarized radiation. The four square metal patches located at the vertices of the resonator can effectively suppress the mode, so that the vertical slots with the dielectric resonator's /> On the other hand, the four square metal patches are combined with a pair of metallized via holes at their respective edges, which can generate a gap between the square patch and the inner side of the square ring metal structure. The reverse electric field in the dielectric resonator, and the reverse electric field is present in the entire operating frequency band, so it can effectively broaden the beam width of the horizontally polarized E-plane radiation in the entire operating frequency band; where each pair of metallized vias Placing the square metal patch near the center of the two side edges facing the center of the overall antenna is conducive to increasing the strength of the reverse field, so that the beam width in the entire working frequency band is increased to more than 100°.

The proposed antenna is a center-symmetrical structure. The working principle of the vertical polarization is the same as that of the horizontal polarization, except that the direction is orthogonal. The beamwidth of the vertically polarized E-plane radiation in the entire working frequency band can also be increased to more than 100°. In addition, a pair of horizontal microstrip feedlines and a pair of vertical microstrip feedlines combined with four center-symmetrical rectangular slots form a dual-polarized differential feed, combined with the excited orthogonal mode of the dielectric resonator, it can make the antenna Get high port isolation and low cross-polarization levels.

Structurally, the antenna is center-symmetrical and plane-integrable, and can be realized by using a printed circuit board process, which can reduce assembly errors and improve yield and reliability.

A specific embodiment of the present invention is listed below, and its antenna structure diagrams are shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 . The design of this embodiment adopts the combination of RT6010 substrate and RO4003C substrate, and the overall antenna unit size is 0.9λ ₀ ×0.9λ ₀ ×0.07λ ₀ . The simulation results of the matching and isolation response of this embodiment are shown in Figure 5. It can be seen that the working frequency band of the antenna covers 18.5GHz-20.9GHz, the relative bandwidth is 12.2%, and the differential mode isolation between ports in the working frequency band is good. The simulation gain of this embodiment is shown in FIG. 6 , and the maximum gain in the working frequency band is 5.9 dBi. The simulated E-plane half-power beamwidth is shown in Figure 7, and the half-power beamwidth in the working frequency band is between 100° and 141°. Figures 8 to 10 are the simulation patterns at 18.8GHz, 19.6GHz, and 20.4GHz respectively when the antenna is horizontally polarized. The widths are 82.9°, 77.6°, 71.9°, and the cross-polarized water is all good. Due to the symmetry of the antenna structure and mode, the vertical polarization performance of the antenna corresponds to the horizontal polarization performance.

Compared with the existing design, the wide-beam dielectric resonator antenna proposed by the present invention has structural advantages such as simple structure, planarization, processable printed circuit board technology, and integrated substrate, as well as dual-polarized work and two Polarization can broaden the beam and other performance advantages.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications can also be made. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. The wide-beam dual-polarized dielectric resonator antenna is characterized in that the antenna has a central symmetry structure and sequentially comprises a top metal structure (1), an upper high-dielectric-constant substrate (2), a metal ground (3), a lower low-dielectric-constant substrate (4) and a bottom metal structure (5) from top to bottom;

the top metal structure (1) is composed of a square annular metal structure (11) and four square metal patches (12), wherein the four square metal patches (12) are respectively positioned at four inner side vertexes of the square annular metal structure (11) and are provided with gaps with the square annular metal structure (11); a circle of metallized through holes (6) are arranged on the square ring-shaped metal structure (11) along the inner side edge, a pair of metallized through hole pairs (7) are arranged on each square metal patch (12), and the circle of metallized through holes (6) and the metallized through hole pairs (7) are connected with the top metal structure (1) and the metal ground (3);

four rectangular grooves (31-34) which are symmetrical about the center and are arranged in a square shape are arranged on the metal ground (3); the bottom metal structure (5) is formed by four metal strips (51-54) which are arranged in a cross manner and are respectively and correspondingly positioned under the rectangular grooves.

2. The wide-beam dual-polarized dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that on each square metal patch (12), the pairs of metallized vias (7) are located at the edges of the square metal patch (12) and the non-adjacent sides of the square-ring metal structure (11), respectively, and four pairs of metallized via pairs (7) are symmetrical about the antenna center.

3. A wide beam dual polarized dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the four square metal patches (12) have a side length of 0.13 λ ₀ ～0.16λ ₀ The gap between the edge and the inner side of the square ring type metal structure (11) is 0.01lambda ₀ ～0.02λ ₀ Between them.