CN116499577A - A method for identifying the resonance frequency of an electromagnetically driven high-frequency fatigue testing machine - Google Patents
A method for identifying the resonance frequency of an electromagnetically driven high-frequency fatigue testing machine Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于疲劳试验领域，具体涉及一种电磁驱动式高频疲劳试验机共振频率的识别方法；包括将试件安装在电磁驱动式高频疲劳试验机上，施加静载；根据电磁驱动式高频疲劳试验机的谐振部分的属性值预估固有频率；根据固有频率预估值对扫频范围进行预判断，得到预判共振频率；根据预判共振频率设置扫描频率初始值，并输入激励信号；采用相位差计监测谐振信号与激励信号的相位差，根据相位差识别出电磁驱动式高频疲劳试验机的共振频率；本发明对谐振系统的固有频率进行了预判断，缩减了扫频范围，提高了试验效率；并提出了量化的指标判断谐振系统的共振频率，提高了共振频率识别的精准度。
The invention belongs to the field of fatigue testing, and specifically relates to a method for identifying the resonance frequency of an electromagnetic-driven high-frequency fatigue testing machine; including installing a test piece on the electromagnetic-driven high-frequency fatigue testing machine and applying a static load; according to the electromagnetic-driven high-frequency Estimate the natural frequency of the attribute value of the resonant part of the fatigue testing machine; pre-judge the sweep frequency range according to the estimated natural frequency, and obtain the predicted resonance frequency; set the initial value of the scanning frequency according to the predicted resonance frequency, and input the excitation signal; The phase difference meter is used to monitor the phase difference between the resonance signal and the excitation signal, and the resonance frequency of the electromagnetic-driven high-frequency fatigue testing machine is identified according to the phase difference; the invention pre-judges the natural frequency of the resonance system and reduces the sweeping range. The test efficiency is improved; and a quantitative index is proposed to judge the resonance frequency of the resonance system, which improves the accuracy of resonance frequency identification.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于疲劳试验领域，具体涉及一种电磁驱动式高频疲劳试验机共振频率的识别方法。The invention belongs to the field of fatigue testing, and in particular relates to a method for identifying the resonance frequency of an electromagnetically driven high-frequency fatigue testing machine.
背景技术Background technique
疲劳破坏是指零部件或某种材料所受载荷在低于其应力极限的情况下，经过数次循环载荷后突然发生断裂的破坏。在航空航天、土木建筑、汽车以及医疗等领域，由疲劳破坏的形式造成零部件失效的占比很高。疲劳破坏发生前一般没有任何征兆，当零部件达到疲劳寿命极限时，零部件会突然断裂失效。根据零部件的关键程度，轻则造成财产损失，重则威胁到人的生命安全。所以在零部件发生疲劳破坏之前将其更换为新的零部件就可以较大程度地保持机器的正常运转，保护人们的人身与财产安全。因此，我们需要得知零部件或是材料的疲劳特性，但是目前通过数值计算零部件或是材料疲劳寿命的理论并不完善。所以，利用疲劳试验机对零部件或是材料进行疲劳试验以获得其精准的疲劳寿命是十分有必要的。Fatigue damage refers to the failure of a component or a certain material to break suddenly after several cyclic loads when the load is lower than its stress limit. In the fields of aerospace, civil engineering, automobile and medical, the proportion of component failure caused by fatigue failure is very high. There is generally no sign before fatigue damage occurs. When the component reaches the fatigue life limit, the component will suddenly break and fail. Depending on the criticality of the components, it may cause property damage in the slightest, and threaten the safety of human life in the severest case. Therefore, replacing the parts with new parts before fatigue damage occurs can maintain the normal operation of the machine to a greater extent and protect people's personal and property safety. Therefore, we need to know the fatigue characteristics of parts or materials, but the current theory of numerically calculating the fatigue life of parts or materials is not perfect. Therefore, it is very necessary to use a fatigue testing machine to perform fatigue tests on parts or materials to obtain accurate fatigue life.
高频疲劳试验机的共振原理为：通过电磁铁激励使谐振系统发生共振进而快速进行疲劳试验。按照高频疲劳试验机行业标准，其共振频率为80～300Hz。谐振部分的固有频率会随着试件的改变而改变，所以在进行疲劳试验之前，通过扫频找到特定谐振部分的固有频率是十分关键的。传统的扫频是从80Hz开始，直至300Hz停止，或是通过谐振部分的振幅-频率曲线，人为识别到达共振频率时终止扫频。此过程存在扫频时间长、共振频率识别不精准等不足之处。因此，若能对扫频范围进行预判断以及用量化的指标完成共振频率点的识别将缩短扫频的时间并提高共振频率点的识别精度。The resonance principle of the high-frequency fatigue testing machine is: through the excitation of the electromagnet, the resonance system is resonated, and then the fatigue test is carried out quickly. According to the industry standard of high frequency fatigue testing machine, its resonance frequency is 80~300Hz. The natural frequency of the resonant part will change with the change of the specimen, so it is very critical to find the natural frequency of a specific resonant part by sweeping the frequency before performing the fatigue test. The traditional frequency sweep starts from 80Hz and stops at 300Hz, or through the amplitude-frequency curve of the resonant part, artificially recognizes that the frequency sweep is terminated when the resonant frequency is reached. This process has disadvantages such as long sweep time and inaccurate identification of resonance frequency. Therefore, if the frequency sweep range can be pre-judged and the identification of the resonant frequency point can be completed with quantitative indicators, the time of frequency sweep can be shortened and the recognition accuracy of the resonant frequency point can be improved.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种电磁驱动式高频疲劳试验机共振频率的识别方法，包括以下步骤：In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for identifying the resonance frequency of an electromagnetically driven high-frequency fatigue testing machine, comprising the following steps:
S1.将试件安装在电磁驱动式高频疲劳试验机上，施加静载；S1. Install the test piece on the electromagnetic-driven high-frequency fatigue testing machine, and apply a static load;
S2.根据电磁驱动式高频疲劳试验机的谐振部分的属性值预估固有频率；S2. Estimate the natural frequency according to the attribute value of the resonant part of the electromagnetically driven high frequency fatigue testing machine;
S3.根据固有频率预估值对扫频范围进行预判断，得到预判共振频率；S3. Perform pre-judgment on the frequency sweep range according to the estimated value of the natural frequency to obtain the pre-judged resonance frequency;
S4.根据预判共振频率设置扫描频率初始值，并输入激励信号；S4. Set the initial value of the scanning frequency according to the predicted resonance frequency, and input the excitation signal;
S5.采用相位差计监测谐振信号与激励信号的相位差，根据相位差识别出电磁驱动式高频疲劳试验机的共振频率。S5. Use a phase difference meter to monitor the phase difference between the resonance signal and the excitation signal, and identify the resonance frequency of the electromagnetic-driven high-frequency fatigue testing machine according to the phase difference.
进一步的，步骤S2所述谐振部分的属性值包括谐振部分的总质量和总刚度；其中，忽略试件质量对谐振部分谐振部分的总质量的影响，谐振部分的总质量在其出厂时测量得到，后续通过砝码质量块进行调节。Further, the attribute value of the resonant part in step S2 includes the total mass and total stiffness of the resonant part; wherein, ignoring the influence of the test piece mass on the total mass of the resonant part, the total mass of the resonant part is measured when it leaves the factory , followed by adjustment through the weight mass block.
进一步的，没有施加静载力时，通过弓形环与试件的刚度计算谐振部分的总刚度，计算公式为：Furthermore, when no static load is applied, the total stiffness of the resonant part is calculated by the stiffness of the bow ring and the specimen, and the calculation formula is:
k＝2×k1+k2 k=2×k 1 +k 2
其中，k1为一个弓形环的刚度；k2为试件的刚度，其计算公式为：Among them, k 1 is the stiffness of a bow-shaped ring; k 2 is the stiffness of the specimen, and its calculation formula is:
其中，E为试件的杨氏模量；A为试件的有效截面积；l为试件的有效长度。Among them, E is the Young's modulus of the specimen; A is the effective cross-sectional area of the specimen; l is the effective length of the specimen.
进一步的，施加静载力时，获取力传感器与位移传感器的测量数据并计算谐振部分的总刚度，计算公式为：Further, when the static load is applied, the measurement data of the force sensor and the displacement sensor are obtained and the total stiffness of the resonant part is calculated. The calculation formula is:
其中，F静为静载力；x为施加静载力时谐振部分的变形量。Among them, F static is the static load; x is the deformation of the resonant part when the static load is applied.
进一步的，根据谐振部分的属性值预估固有频率，预估公式为：Further, the natural frequency is estimated according to the attribute value of the resonant part, and the estimation formula is:
其中，ωn表示谐振系统的固有频率；k表示谐振系统的总刚度；m表示谐振系统的总质量。Among them, ω n represents the natural frequency of the resonant system; k represents the total stiffness of the resonant system; m represents the total mass of the resonant system.
进一步的，步骤S5的具体过程为：Further, the specific process of step S5 is:
S51.实时获取谐振信号，计算谐振信号与激励信号的相位差；S51. Obtain the resonance signal in real time, and calculate the phase difference between the resonance signal and the excitation signal;
S52.判断相位差是否等于90°，若是，则执行步骤S53；若不是，则执行步骤S54；S52. Determine whether the phase difference is equal to 90°, if so, execute step S53; if not, execute step S54;
S53.识别出当前的激励信号的频率作为共振频率，并以当前的激励信号进行加载，设置目标动载荷开始疲劳试验；S53. Identify the frequency of the current excitation signal as the resonance frequency, and load with the current excitation signal, set the target dynamic load and start the fatigue test;
S54.若相位差小于90°，则提高激励信号的频率并返回步骤S51；若相位差大于90°，则降低激励信号的频率并返回步骤S51。S54. If the phase difference is less than 90°, increase the frequency of the excitation signal and return to step S51; if the phase difference is greater than 90°, decrease the frequency of the excitation signal and return to step S51.
本发明的有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:
本发明设计的电磁驱动式高频疲劳试验机共振频率的识别方法在不改变高频疲劳试验机基本结构的前提下，对谐振系统的固有频率进行了预判断，缩减了扫频范围，提高了试验效率；并提出了量化的指标判断谐振系统的共振频率，提高了共振频率识别的精准度。The method for identifying the resonant frequency of the electromagnetically driven high-frequency fatigue testing machine designed by the present invention pre-judges the natural frequency of the resonant system without changing the basic structure of the high-frequency fatigue testing machine, reduces the frequency sweep range, and improves the Test efficiency; and put forward quantitative indicators to judge the resonant frequency of the resonant system, which improves the accuracy of resonant frequency identification.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明中疲劳试验机共振频率识别方法的流程图；Fig. 1 is the flow chart of fatigue testing machine resonance frequency identification method among the present invention;
图2为本发明中预判断共振频率识别过程相位差-频率图Fig. 2 is phase difference-frequency figure of pre-judgment resonance frequency identification process in the present invention
图3为本发明中4种工况扫频过程振幅-时间对比图Fig. 3 is the amplitude-time comparison chart of frequency sweep process of 4 kinds of working conditions in the present invention
图4为本发明中4种工况扫频时间对比图。Fig. 4 is a comparison diagram of frequency sweep time of four working conditions in the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
本发明提供了一种电磁驱动式高频疲劳试验机共振频率的识别方法，如图1所示，包括以下步骤：The present invention provides a method for identifying the resonance frequency of an electromagnetically driven high-frequency fatigue testing machine, as shown in Figure 1, comprising the following steps:
S1.将试件安装在电磁驱动式高频疲劳试验机上，施加静载。S1. Install the test piece on an electromagnetically driven high-frequency fatigue testing machine and apply a static load.
S2.根据电磁驱动式高频疲劳试验机的谐振部分的属性值预估固有频率。S2. Estimate the natural frequency according to the attribute value of the resonant part of the electromagnetically driven high-frequency fatigue testing machine.
具体地，步骤S2所述谐振部分的属性值包括谐振部分的总质量和总刚度；其中，试件质量对于谐振部分总质量的占比很小，故可以忽略试件质量对谐振部分的总质量的影响，谐振部分的总质量可在其出厂时测量得到。根据理论定理可知，谐振系统的固有频率由系统总质量、刚度和阻尼共同决定，不过阻尼的影响很小，可以忽略不计。Specifically, the attribute value of the resonant part described in step S2 includes the total mass and total stiffness of the resonant part; wherein, the mass of the test piece accounts for a very small proportion of the total mass of the resonant part, so the weight of the test piece to the total mass of the resonant part can be ignored The total mass of the resonant part can be measured when it leaves the factory. According to the theoretical theorem, the natural frequency of the resonant system is determined by the total mass, stiffness and damping of the system, but the influence of damping is very small and can be ignored.
具体地，谐振部分的总刚度取决于电磁驱动式高频疲劳试验机中的弓形环与试件，两个弓形环与试件并联组成一个弹性系统。故在没有施加静载力时，可以通过弓形环与试件的刚度计算谐振部分的总刚度，计算公式为：Specifically, the total stiffness of the resonant part depends on the bow-shaped ring and the specimen in the electromagnetically driven high-frequency fatigue testing machine, and two bow-shaped rings and the specimen are connected in parallel to form an elastic system. Therefore, when no static load is applied, the total stiffness of the resonant part can be calculated by the stiffness of the bow ring and the specimen, and the calculation formula is:
k＝2×k1+k2 k=2×k 1 +k 2
其中，k1为一个弓形环的刚度(可在机器出厂时测得)；k2为试件的刚度，其计算公式为：Among them, k 1 is the stiffness of a bow ring (can be measured when the machine leaves the factory); k 2 is the stiffness of the test piece, and its calculation formula is:
其中，E为试件的杨氏模量；A为试件的有效截面积；l为试件的有效长度。Among them, E is the Young's modulus of the specimen; A is the effective cross-sectional area of the specimen; l is the effective length of the specimen.
具体地，谐振部分的总刚度还能采用其他方式获取，即在施加静载力时，获取力传感器与位移传感器的测量数据并计算谐振部分的总刚度，计算公式为：Specifically, the total stiffness of the resonant part can also be obtained in other ways, that is, when the static load is applied, the measurement data of the force sensor and the displacement sensor are obtained and the total stiffness of the resonant part is calculated. The calculation formula is:
其中，F静为静载力；x为施加静载力时谐振部分的变形量。Among them, F static is the static load; x is the deformation of the resonant part when the static load is applied.
具体地，根据谐振部分的属性值预估固有频率，预估公式为：Specifically, the natural frequency is estimated according to the attribute value of the resonant part, and the estimation formula is:
其中，ωn表示谐振系统的固有频率；k表示谐振系统的总刚度；m表示谐振系统的总质量。Among them, ω n represents the natural frequency of the resonant system; k represents the total stiffness of the resonant system; m represents the total mass of the resonant system.
S3.根据固有频率预估值对扫频范围进行预判断，得到预判共振频率。S3. Perform pre-judgment on the frequency sweep range according to the estimated value of the natural frequency to obtain a pre-judged resonance frequency.
S4.将预判共振频率设置为谐振系统的扫描频率初始值，并向该谐振系统输入激励信号。S4. Set the predicted resonant frequency as the initial value of the scanning frequency of the resonant system, and input an excitation signal to the resonant system.
具体地，谐振系统的扫描频率初始值是基于固有频率预估值决定的，可以将扫描频率初始值由原有的80Hz改为一定百分比的固有频率预估值，比如90％，在保证谐振系统的固有频率在扫频范围内的同时，减小扫频的范围，降低扫频的时间，提高效率。Specifically, the initial value of the scanning frequency of the resonant system is determined based on the estimated value of the natural frequency, and the initial value of the scanning frequency can be changed from the original 80 Hz to a certain percentage of the estimated value of the natural frequency, such as 90%, to ensure that the resonant system While the natural frequency is within the sweeping range, the sweeping range is reduced, the sweeping time is reduced, and the efficiency is improved.
S5.采用相位差计监测谐振信号与激励信号的相位差，根据相位差识别出电磁驱动式高频疲劳试验机的共振频率。S5. Use a phase difference meter to monitor the phase difference between the resonance signal and the excitation signal, and identify the resonance frequency of the electromagnetic-driven high-frequency fatigue testing machine according to the phase difference.
具体地，步骤S5的具体过程为：Specifically, the specific process of step S5 is:
S51.实时获取谐振信号(即响应信号)，计算谐振信号与激励信号的相位差；S51. Obtain the resonance signal (ie, the response signal) in real time, and calculate the phase difference between the resonance signal and the excitation signal;
S52.判断相位差是否等于90°，若是，则执行步骤S53；若不是，则执行步骤S54；S52. Determine whether the phase difference is equal to 90°, if so, execute step S53; if not, execute step S54;
S53.识别出当前的激励信号的频率作为共振频率，并以当前的激励信号进行加载，设置目标动载荷开始疲劳试验；S53. Identify the frequency of the current excitation signal as the resonance frequency, and load with the current excitation signal, set the target dynamic load and start the fatigue test;
S54.若相位差小于90°，则提高激励信号的频率并返回步骤S51；若相位差大于90°，则降低激励信号的频率并返回步骤S51。S54. If the phase difference is less than 90°, increase the frequency of the excitation signal and return to step S51; if the phase difference is greater than 90°, decrease the frequency of the excitation signal and return to step S51.
具体地，步骤S5识别出共振频率后，在进行疲劳试验前，可以通过砝码质量块对谐振部分的总质量进行调整以达到调整谐振部分固有频率的目的。Specifically, after the resonant frequency is identified in step S5, before the fatigue test is performed, the total mass of the resonant part can be adjusted through the weight mass to achieve the purpose of adjusting the natural frequency of the resonant part.
本发明的一实施例中，测得谐振部分的基础质量为970kg，单个弓形环的刚度为4.5×107N/m。选用直径为18mm，长度为180mm，材料为42CrMo(其杨氏模量为210GPa)的试件进行疲劳试验前的扫频分析。In an embodiment of the present invention, the measured base mass of the resonant part is 970 kg, and the stiffness of a single bow-shaped ring is 4.5×10 7 N/m. A specimen with a diameter of 18mm, a length of 180mm, and a material of 42CrMo (with a Young's modulus of 210GPa) was selected for frequency sweep analysis before the fatigue test.
具体地，在没有静载需求时，谐振部分的总刚度可由下式计算求得：Specifically, when there is no static load requirement, the total stiffness of the resonant part can be calculated by the following formula:
具体地，采用百分比为90％，扫描频率初始值可由下式计算求得：Specifically, using the percentage as 90%, the initial value of the scanning frequency can be calculated by the following formula:
具体地，用相位差计监测谐振信号与激励信号的相位差，当相位差为90°时，识别此时的信号频率即为谐振系统的共振频率，停止扫频。如图2所示为本发明中预判断共振频率识别过程的相位差-频率图。Specifically, a phase difference meter is used to monitor the phase difference between the resonance signal and the excitation signal. When the phase difference is 90°, it is recognized that the signal frequency at this time is the resonance frequency of the resonance system, and the frequency sweep is stopped. FIG. 2 is a phase difference-frequency diagram of the pre-judgment resonance frequency identification process in the present invention.
具体地，更改谐振部分再进行扫频过程的对比分析，具体的参数如下表1所示，得到的扫频结果对比如图3所示，左边四幅图为传统的扫频过程，扫频从固定的80Hz开始，其振幅达到峰值时表明达到了共振频率，通过横坐标可以读得所需的时间。右边四幅图是按照本发明的方法进行扫频的过程，通过扫频范围的预判断以及利用相位差对是否达到共振频率进行判断。当识别到共振频率时，系统自动停止了扫频，通过横坐标可以读得所需的时间。通过与左边的图进行对比，可以明显看出本发明的方法扫频所需时间更少。Specifically, change the resonance part and then conduct a comparative analysis of the frequency sweep process. The specific parameters are shown in Table 1 below. Starting from 80Hz, when the amplitude reaches the peak value, it indicates that the resonant frequency has been reached, and the required time can be read through the abscissa. The four pictures on the right are the process of frequency sweeping according to the method of the present invention, through the pre-judgment of the frequency sweep range and the use of phase difference to judge whether the resonant frequency is reached. When the resonant frequency is identified, the system automatically stops sweeping, and the required time can be read through the abscissa. By comparing with the figure on the left, it can be clearly seen that the method of the present invention requires less time for frequency sweep.
表1不同的谐振部分Table 1 Different resonant parts
具体地，按照表1所示的不同的谐振部分扫频时间对比如图4所示，对比从80Hz开始扫频，扫频时间分别缩短了至少10.45秒、34.03秒、14.14秒、7.3秒。Specifically, according to the frequency sweep time comparison of different resonant parts shown in Table 1, as shown in Figure 4, the frequency sweep time is shortened by at least 10.45 seconds, 34.03 seconds, 14.14 seconds, and 7.3 seconds compared with starting from 80 Hz.
本发明设计的电磁驱动式高频疲劳试验机共振频率的识别方法对不同工况的谐振部分进行固有频率预估计算，进而对扫频范围进行预判断；根据预判断的共振频率设置起始的扫频频率；将受迫振动相位差的特性应用于高频疲劳试验机谐振部分共振频率的识别。此方法减少了扫频过程的时间、提高了共振频率识别的准确度，从而提高了疲劳试验的效率。The method for identifying the resonant frequency of the electromagnetic-driven high-frequency fatigue testing machine designed by the present invention predicts and calculates the natural frequency of the resonant part in different working conditions, and then pre-judgments the sweeping frequency range; sets the initial frequency according to the pre-judged resonant frequency Sweep frequency; the characteristics of forced vibration phase difference are applied to the identification of the resonance frequency of the resonance part of the high-frequency fatigue testing machine. This method reduces the time of the frequency sweeping process, improves the accuracy of resonance frequency identification, and thus improves the efficiency of the fatigue test.
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“设置”、“连接”、“固定”、“旋转”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系，除非另有明确的限定，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the present invention, terms such as "installation", "installation", "connection", "fixation" and "rotation" should be interpreted in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or It is a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components, Unless otherwise clearly defined, those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to specific situations.
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art can understand that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. and modifications, the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
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