CN116062687A - A high-efficiency baffled thermochemical hydrogen production reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-efficiency baffling type thermochemical hydrogen production reactor, which comprises a shell, wherein a reactant inlet is arranged at the lower end of the shell, a reactant outlet is arranged at the upper end of the shell, a baffling baffle is arranged between the upper shell and the lower shell of the shell, the baffling baffle is mechanically connected through a through hole reserved at the outer edge, an upper catalytic bed is arranged above the baffling baffle, a lower catalytic bed is arranged below the baffling baffle, reactant runners are arranged inside the upper catalytic bed and the lower catalytic bed, and a heat exchange tube is embedded inside the reactant runners. The invention fully utilizes the baffling structure to change the flow of the reactant in the reactor, increases the travel and residence time of the reactant in the catalytic bed, improves the disturbance of the reactant in the flow channel, and effectively solves the problem of poor heat and mass transfer performance in the reactor.

Description

A high-efficiency baffled thermochemical hydrogen production reactor

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of thermochemical hydrogen production, in particular to an efficient baffled thermochemical hydrogen production reactor.

Background technique

Hydrogen production reactors can be divided into tubular reactors, plate reactors, membrane reactors and microchannel reactors according to different structures. Among them, the tubular reactor has a large heat exchange area per unit volume, which is especially suitable for the hydrogen production reaction with a large thermal effect. At the same time, due to its simple structure, operation and high production efficiency, it is suitable for large-scale and continuous production occasions. Therefore, Tubular reactors are widely used in the field of thermochemical hydrogen production in industrial production. At the same time, thermochemical reactors require good internal heat and mass transfer performance, which can effectively strengthen the chemical reaction process and increase the chemical reaction rate.

However, the existing tubular reactors generally have the problem of poor heat and mass transfer performance. Taking the methanol reforming hydrogen production reaction as an example, the temperature difference inside the tubular reactor can reach 80K, and the methanol conversion rate is 20-30%. Compared with the microchannel reactor, which has a temperature difference of 10-20K and a methanol conversion rate of 70-80%. The large gap is due to the limitation of the structure of the tubular reactor on the one hand, and the poor thermal conductivity of the catalyst material on the other hand.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the above shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention proposes a high-efficiency baffled thermochemical hydrogen production reactor to solve the problems of poor heat and mass transfer performance and excessive internal temperature gradient in the reaction process of the tubular reactor. The invention makes full use of the baffle structure to change the flow path of the reactants in the reactor, increases the stroke and residence time of the reactants in the catalytic bed, improves the disturbance of the reactants in the flow channel, and effectively solves the problem of heat and mass transfer in the reactor Poor performance issue. In addition, the high thermal conductivity skeleton structure of the catalytic bed can conduct high-density heat from the heat exchange tube to the interior of the catalytic bed, effectively reducing the internal temperature gradient of the reactor. The porous structure of the catalytic bed can promote the contact between the reactant and the catalyst, and effectively improve the efficiency of the thermochemical reaction.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

A high-efficiency baffle type thermochemical hydrogen production reactor, comprising a shell, the lower end of the shell is provided with a reactant inlet, the upper end is provided with a reactant outlet, and a baffle plate is set in the middle of the upper and lower shells of the shell, and the baffle An upper catalytic bed is placed above the baffle, and a lower catalytic bed is placed below. The center of the baffle, the upper catalytic bed and the lower catalytic bed are all provided with a large through hole, which is the reactant flow channel. The baffle, Heat exchange tubes are arranged on the upper catalytic bed, the lower catalytic bed and the casing.

The baffle plate, the upper catalytic bed, the lower catalytic bed and the shell are all opened with a circle of eight small through holes, and the small through holes are arranged at equal intervals and embedded in heat exchange tubes.

Gaskets are provided between the upper catalytic bed and the shell, and between the baffles; between the lower catalytic bed and the shell, and between the baffles; the shell The lower end is provided with a reactant inlet, and the upper end is provided with a reactant outlet.

The upper catalytic bed and the lower catalytic bed have a porous structure, and the porous structure adopts a method of supporting a catalyst on a porous substrate to promote contact between reactants and the catalyst.

There are eight heat exchange tubes in total, and they are embedded in the upper catalytic bed and the lower catalytic bed in an annular array structure with a distance of 45° between them, so as to further improve the uniformity of the temperature distribution of the catalytic bed.

A high-performance heat-conducting material is filled between the heat exchange tube and the openings of the upper catalytic bed and the lower catalytic bed to reduce the contact thermal resistance between the tube wall of the heat exchange tube and the porous surface of the upper catalytic bed and the lower catalytic bed. to improve heat transfer efficiency.

The shell and the baffle plate adopt a shell-baffle-shell sandwich structure, and are connected by bolts and nuts on the outer edge, which facilitates the assembly and disassembly of the reactor.

The upper catalytic bed and the lower catalytic bed have a skeleton structure, and porous materials with high thermal conductivity are used as the matrix, so that the high-density heat in the heat exchange tube is transferred to the interior of the catalytic bed through the high thermal conductivity skeleton, and the uniformity of temperature distribution in the catalytic bed is improved.

The flow direction of the heat transfer fluid in the heat exchange tube is opposite to the flow direction of the reactant entering the reactant inlet.

The shell is a stainless steel shell.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

1. The baffle structure adopted in the present invention increases the residence time of reactants in the catalytic bed, makes the reactants fully diffuse in the catalytic bed, can effectively improve the problem of poor mass transfer performance inside the reactor, and facilitates the reaction.

2. The baffle structure adopted in the present invention can improve the disturbance of the reactant in the flow channel, and increase the stroke of the reactant in the catalytic bed at the same time, which can effectively promote the heat exchange between the reactant and the catalytic bed and the heat exchange tube, and improve the reaction rate. The internal heat transfer performance of the device is conducive to the thermal reaction.

3. The present invention adopts a high-thermal-conductivity catalytic bed skeleton to conduct high-density heat from the heat exchange tubes to the interior of the catalytic bed, which can effectively improve the temperature inhomogeneity of the catalytic bed and reduce the temperature gradient inside the reactor.

4. The porous structure used in this reaction, the catalyst is attached to the surface of the porous framework of the catalytic bed, can increase the effective reaction area, and at the same time make the reactant fully contact with the catalyst to improve the catalytic efficiency.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a high-efficiency baffled thermochemical hydrogen production reactor.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the baffles in the high-efficiency baffled thermochemical hydrogen production reactor.

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the upper and lower catalytic beds in a high-efficiency baffled thermochemical hydrogen production reactor.

Among them, the components and corresponding marks are:

1-reactant inlet; 2-lower catalytic bed; 3-baffle; 4-upper catalytic bed; 5-reactant outlet; 6-gasket; 7-reactant channel; 8-shell; 9-change Heat pipe.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a high-efficiency baffled thermochemical hydrogen production reactor. When the device works, the high heat flux provided by the high-temperature heat transfer fluid is used to drive the thermal reaction. The flow direction of the heat transfer fluid is opposite to the flow direction of the reactants. The baffle structure can increase the residence time of the reactants in the reactor and the disturbance in the flow channel, and effectively improve the heat and mass transfer performance of the reactor. The skeleton structure of the catalytic bed can transfer heat to the interior of the catalytic bed, improving the uniformity of the temperature distribution of the catalytic bed. At the same time, the porous structure of the catalytic bed helps the reactants to fully contact with the catalyst, all of which contribute to the occurrence of thermal reactions.

In the above scheme, catalysts are attached to the surfaces of the upper catalytic bed 4 and the lower catalytic bed 2 to increase the effective reaction area and promote the contact between the reactant and the catalyst.

The gasket 6 is made of a flexible material to effectively seal the interface and ensure that the reactants flow according to the planned route.

High-performance heat-conducting materials are filled between the heat exchange tube and the openings of the upper catalytic bed and the lower catalytic bed to reduce the contact thermal resistance between the tube wall of the heat exchange tube and the porous surfaces of the upper catalytic bed and the lower catalytic bed, effectively Improve heat transfer efficiency.

The casing 8 and the baffle 3 are connected by a casing-baffle-shell sandwich structure, which facilitates the assembly and disassembly of the reactor. The exterior of the shell is wrapped with heat insulating material to reduce the heat loss of the reactor.

The present invention considers that the traditional tubular reactor has poor heat and mass transfer performance due to factors such as structural limitations and poor heat conductivity of the catalyst, and has certain limitations in the field of thermochemical hydrogen production. Therefore, a high-efficiency baffled thermochemical The hydrogen production reactor adopts a baffle structure to improve the heat and mass transfer performance of the reactor. At the same time, it adopts the method of loading the catalyst on the framework of the high thermal conductivity catalytic bed to effectively improve the uniformity of the temperature distribution inside the catalytic bed, thereby improving the thermal reaction efficiency.

The reactant enters the reactor from the reactant inlet 1, and a thermal catalytic reaction occurs in the lower catalytic bed 2, and the reactant enters the reactant flow channel 7 under the barrier of the baffle plate 3, and the thermal chemical reaction continues in the upper catalytic bed 4, Finally, it flows out from the reactant outlet 5. The baffle form can increase the stroke and residence time of the reactant in the reactor, and at the same time enhance its disturbance in the flow channel, effectively improving the heat and mass transfer capacity of the reactor.

The upper catalytic bed 4 and the lower catalytic bed 2 adopt a high thermal conductivity catalytic bed framework, so that the high-density heat of the heat exchange tube is transferred to the interior of the catalytic bed, which can effectively improve the problem of temperature inhomogeneity in the catalytic bed, reduce the internal temperature gradient of the reactor, and ensure The thermocatalytic reaction proceeds efficiently.

The porous structure of the upper catalytic bed 4 and the lower catalytic bed 2 can increase the effective reaction area, promote the contact between the reactant and the catalyst, and further improve the catalytic efficiency.

The heat exchange tubes 9 are embedded in the catalytic bed in an annular array structure, which can improve the temperature uniformity of the catalytic bed, and the flow direction of the heat transfer fluid is opposite to the flow direction of the reactants.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the baffles in the high-efficiency baffled thermochemical hydrogen production reactor. The large through hole in the center corresponds to the reactant flow channel 7, and the reactant enters the upper part of the reactor from the lower part of the reactor through the through hole; the eight small through holes in the inner ring correspond to the eight heat exchange tubes 9; the eight small through holes in the outer ring correspond to the shell 8 , for the mechanical connection between the baffle 3 and the housing 8 .

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the upper and lower catalytic beds in a high-efficiency baffled thermochemical hydrogen production reactor. The central large through hole corresponds to the reactant channel 7 , and the surrounding eight small through holes correspond to the heat exchange tubes 9 .

The following takes methanol steam reforming thermochemical hydrogen production as a specific implementation case:

The device uses high-temperature heat-conducting fluid for heat supply, and the gap between the heat-exchange tube and the catalytic bed is filled with high-thermal-conductivity materials. Uniformity of temperature distribution. The reaction that takes place in the reactor is methanol steam reforming to produce hydrogen. Methanol steam enters the reactor from the reactant inlet, and passes through the lower catalytic bed, the reactant channel, and the upper catalytic bed sequentially under the action of the baffle. The porous structure of the catalytic bed can increase the effective reaction area and help the methanol water vapor to fully contact the catalyst. The heat provided by the high-temperature heat transfer fluid drives the thermal reaction, and finally produces hydrogen, which leaves the reactor through the reactant outlet.

The specific implementation cases described above have further described the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above descriptions are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a high-efficient baffling formula thermochemical hydrogen manufacturing reactor, its characterized in that, including casing (8), casing (8) divide into casing and lower casing, set up reactant entry (1) and reactant export (5) on casing (8), be provided with baffle (3) in the middle of casing about casing (8), baffle (3) top has been placed catalytic bed (4), and catalytic bed (2) have been placed down to the below, baffle (3), go up catalytic bed (4) and catalytic bed (2) center all open big through-hole down, be reactant runner (7), be provided with heat exchange tube (9) on baffle (3), last catalytic bed (4), lower catalytic bed (2) and casing (8).

2. The efficient baffled thermochemical hydrogen production reactor according to claim 1, wherein the baffled baffle plate (3), the upper catalytic bed (4), the lower catalytic bed (2) and the shell (8) are all provided with a circle of eight small through holes, the small through holes are arranged at equal intervals, and the heat exchange tubes (9) are embedded.

3. A high efficiency baffled thermochemical hydrogen production reactor according to claim 1, wherein the upper catalytic bed (4) is located between the housing (8) and the baffled baffle (3); the lower catalytic bed (2) is arranged between the shell (8) and the baffle plate (3); are provided with gaskets (6); the lower end of the shell (8) is provided with a reactant inlet (1), and the upper end of the shell is provided with a reactant outlet (5).

4. The efficient baffled thermochemical hydrogen production reactor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper catalytic bed (4) and the lower catalytic bed (2) are porous structures, and the porous structures are used for promoting the contact of reactants and the catalyst by adopting a method of loading the catalyst on a porous substrate.

5. The efficient baffled thermochemical hydrogen production reactor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total number of the heat exchange pipes (9) is eight, and the upper catalytic bed (4) and the lower catalytic bed (2) are embedded in an annular array structure with a distance of 45 degrees between every two heat exchange pipes, so as to further improve the uniformity of the temperature distribution of the catalytic beds.

6. The efficient baffled thermochemical hydrogen production reactor as claimed in claim 1, wherein high-performance heat conducting materials are filled between the heat exchange tube (9) and the through holes of the upper catalytic bed (4) and the lower catalytic bed (2) for reducing contact thermal resistance between the tube wall of the heat exchange tube (9) and the porous surfaces of the upper catalytic bed (4) and the lower catalytic bed (2), so that the heat conduction efficiency can be improved.

7. The efficient baffled thermochemical hydrogen production reactor according to claim 1, wherein the shell (8) and the baffling baffle (3) are of a shell-baffle-shell sandwich structure, and are connected at the outer edge by using bolts and nuts, so that the assembly and the disassembly of the reactor are facilitated.

8. The high-efficiency baffled thermochemical hydrogen production reactor according to claim 1, wherein the upper catalytic bed (4) and the lower catalytic bed (2) are of a framework structure, and a porous high-heat-conductivity material is adopted as a matrix, so that high-density heat in the heat exchange tube (9) is transferred into the catalytic bed through the high-heat-conductivity framework, and the uniformity of temperature distribution in the catalytic bed is improved.

9. A high efficiency baffled thermochemical hydrogen production reactor according to claim 1, wherein the heat transfer fluid in the heat exchange tube (9) flows in a direction opposite to the flow of the reactant entering at the reactant inlet (1).

10. A high efficiency baffled thermochemical hydrogen production reactor according to claim 1, wherein the housing (8) is a stainless steel housing.

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