CN116067337A - Subsidence Observation Standard and Subsidence Monitoring Method for Layered Layers - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a rock stratum layered settlement observation mark, which comprises a magnetic ring installation foundation, wherein the magnetic ring installation foundation comprises an inner cavity which is axially communicated with each other and a clamping groove with an opening direction deviating from the inner cavity, and a limiting hole which is communicated with the inner cavity is formed in the bottom of the clamping groove; the expansion body comprises an elastic membrane, and a first expansion agent and a second expansion agent which can be expanded after being mixed, wherein the first expansion agent and the second expansion agent are filled in the elastic membrane and are isolated by an isolating membrane; the trigger device has one end penetrating the limit hole and protruding from the inner cavity and the other end extending into the elastic membrane, and comprises a puncturing head capable of puncturing the isolation membrane; and the magnetic ring is arranged on the magnetic ring installation foundation. The invention sets the observation mark into ring shape, and sets the expansion body on the periphery, fixes the observation mark on the inner wall of the drilling hole through expansion. The stratum layered settlement observation mark is simple to manufacture and low in cost, and has a better fixing effect relative to an anchoring type observation mark.

Description

Subsidence Observation Standard and Subsidence Monitoring Method

technical field

The invention relates to the field of settlement monitoring, in particular to a stable rock layer settlement observation target and a corresponding settlement monitoring method.

Background technique

Buildings may settle during the initial stage of construction and within a period of time after completion. In order to avoid safety accidents caused by large-scale settlement of buildings, it is usually necessary to measure the settlement information of buildings during construction and within a period of time after completion. , the settlement information is usually represented by settlement displacement or settlement velocity. The stratified settlement observation mark is an important tool for measuring the settlement information of buildings.

At the same time, in the field of exploration, especially the coal-measure strata are mostly sedimentary rocks, and the thickness and strength of the overlying rocks in coal mining face are greatly different due to different depositional time and depositional environment. When the working face is recovered, the roof will bend, sink, break and collapse due to the loss of support. At this time, due to the difference in physical properties of the rock layers, uncoordinated deformation will occur in the adjacent rock layers, and a separation space will be generated between the rock layers. Overlying strata detachment layer grouting for subsidence reduction, gas drainage, detachment layer water disaster prevention, mine earthquake prevention technology, etc. all involve detection of the detachment layer position and scale.

At present, the separation layer is mainly monitored by means of drilling TV, multi-point displacement meter, distributed optical fiber, and soil layer settlement instrument. There is a huge risk of getting stuck in the hole TV instrument; 2. The most advanced multi-point displacement gauge in the industry has only 6 monitoring base points, which cannot accurately locate the separation layer; 3. The cost of distributed optical fibers is high and the range is extremely small, so it cannot monitor coverage The scale-level displacement of the rock detachment layer (the value of a single detachment layer is generally 0.002-0.4m, and the average value is less than 0.15m) (according to Xuan Dayang, Xu Jialin, Wang Binglong, Green Mining Technology of Overlying Rock Isolation Grouting and Filling [J/OL ].Journal of Coal Science: 1-13[2023-01-12].); 4. At present, the layered settlement instruments mainly used in the industry are mostly suitable for soil settlement monitoring, for example (①Stable embedded settlement ring and soil classification Layer settlement monitoring system [P], Tianjin: CN105136110B, 2018-06-05; ②A kind of optical fiber induction measuring ring for soil layer settlement [P], Guangdong Province: CN115247413A, 2022-10-28; ③One Sedimentation instrument [P]. Shanghai: CN213067533U, 2021-04-27.). The main problem with the use of the soil layered subsidence instrument in the observation of rock formation settlement is that the anchor steel claw cannot be inserted into the drilled rock wall, and the slippage of the settlement magnetic ring makes it unable to accurately reflect the deformation of the rock formation.

Existing instruments and equipment cannot meet the observation requirements of mining overlying strata separation, so there is an urgent need in this field for a monitoring device and equipment with a large range, strong anchoring force, suitable for rock settlement monitoring, low cost, and simple installation and operation .

The information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancing the understanding of the general background of the present invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art that is already known to those skilled in the art.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a rock stratum subsidence observation standard, which provides better fixing effect, and has low cost and is easy to be put into large-scale use.

In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a rock layer settlement observation target, including: a magnetic ring installation base, the magnetic ring installation base includes an axially connected inner cavity and a clamp whose opening direction is away from the inner cavity The bottom of the slot is provided with a limit hole communicating with the inner cavity; the expansion body includes an elastic film, and a first expansion agent and a second expansion agent that can expand after mixing, and the first expansion The agent and the second expansion agent are filled in the elastic membrane and separated by an isolation membrane; one end of the trigger device passes through the limiting hole and protrudes from the inner cavity, and the other end extends to the elastic membrane. In the membrane, the trigger device includes a piercing head that can pierce the isolation membrane; a magnetic ring is arranged on the installation base of the magnetic ring.

In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the isolation film is a sealed bag, the second expansion agent is filled in the sealed bag, and the first expansion agent is arranged between the sealed bag and the elastic film between.

In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the first expansion agent is a rock expansion agent, and the second expansion agent is water.

In one or more embodiments of the present invention, a toothed belt is further included, and the toothed belt is sheathed on the outside of the installation base of the magnetic ring, and restricts the expansion body in the slot.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, the toothed belt has a roughened outer surface.

In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the trigger device includes a connecting rod and a follower plate, the piercing head is arranged on the connecting rod, and one end of the connecting rod passes through the stop The hole protrudes from the inner cavity, and the other end is fixed to the follower plate, and the follower plate is clamped between the elastic membrane and the toothed belt.

In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the magnetic ring mounting base is provided with four limiting holes in a circular array, and the limiting holes are equidistantly distributed at the bottom of the slot.

In one or more embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of through holes corresponding to the limiting holes are opened on the magnetic ring, and one end of the trigger device passes through the through holes and the limiting holes in sequence and The protrusion protrudes in the inner cavity of the magnetic ring installation base.

The present invention also provides a settlement monitoring method, specifically comprising the following steps:

S1. Provide an axially connected installation conduit, and the installation conduit is provided with a plurality of positioning holes corresponding to the upper limit hole of the stratified settlement observation mark along the axial direction of the installation conduit;

S2. Sleeve the magnetic ring installation foundations of a plurality of strata layered settlement observation targets on the installation guide, and make the positioning holes correspond to the limit holes;

S3. Install the expansion body and the trigger device in the slot of the magnetic ring installation base, and make one end of the trigger device pass through the limiting hole and protrude from the inner cavity;

S4. Sleeve the toothed belt on the outside of the expansion body.

S5. Drilling holes in the target monitoring area;

S6, inserting the installation conduit assembled with a plurality of stratum subsidence observation targets into the borehole;

S7. Provide an installation guide, insert the installation guide into the installation conduit, drive the piercing head of the trigger device to move and pierce the isolation membrane, so that the first expansion agent and the second expansion agent are mixed and expanded, and the elastic The membrane is squeezed on the inner wall of the borehole;

S8. Move the installation guide head out of the installation conduit, put the induction probe into the installation conduit, and measure the positions of the subsidence observation targets in different strata layers.

In the above subsidence monitoring method, the end of the installation guide head in step S7 has a circular arc-shaped surface.

Compared with the prior art, the stratified subsidence observation target provided by the embodiment of the present invention fixes the observation target on the inner wall of the borehole by means of expansion and fixation. Compared with anchoring and fixing, the fixing method in the present invention can The fixing area is increased, the fixing effect is improved, the manufacturing method is simple, and it is easy to put into large-scale production; meanwhile, the installation conduit and installation guide used for the settlement monitoring method are also easy to obtain or produce, which reduces the cost of the entire monitoring process.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a rock layer settlement observation target according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic ring installation base according to an embodiment of the present invention;

3 is a schematic diagram of a trigger device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a rock layer settlement observation target according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is an operation flowchart of a settlement monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Explanation of main reference signs:

100-rock layer settlement observation mark, 200-installation conduit, 300-installation guide head, 400-induction probe, 10-magnetic ring installation base, 11-inner cavity, 12-card slot, 13-limiting hole, 20- Expansion body, 21-elastic membrane, 22-first expansion agent, 23-second expansion agent, 24-sealed bag, 30-trigger device, 31-piercing head, 32-connecting rod, 33-follower plate, 40 -magnetic ring, 41-through hole, 42-sealing ring, 50-toothed belt.

specific embodiment

The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments.

Unless expressly stated otherwise, throughout the specification and claims, the term "comprise" or variations thereof such as "includes" or "includes" and the like will be understood to include the stated elements or constituents, and not Other elements or other components are not excluded.

Example 1

As shown in FIG. 1 , according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a layered settlement observation target 100 includes a magnetic ring installation base 10 , an expansion body 20 , a trigger device 30 and a magnetic ring 40 .

Wherein, as shown in FIG. 2 , the magnetic ring mounting base 10 is in the shape of a reel, has an axially connected inner cavity 11 and a draw-in groove 12 whose opening direction is away from the inner cavity 11 , and is provided at the bottom of the draw-in groove 12 with the inner cavity 11 Connected limiting hole 13.

The expansion body 20 includes an elastic film 21, which is filled with a first expansion agent 22 and a second expansion agent 23 that can be expanded after mixing, and the first expansion agent 22 and the second expansion agent 23 are isolated by an isolation film. open.

It should be understood that since the first expansion agent 22 and the second expansion agent 23 need to be punctured to mix, the isolation film should avoid the use of tough films, and common plastic films can be selected, such as polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP) and other materials made of film.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the trigger device 30 is generally in the shape of a rod, and is provided with a piercing head 31 for piercing the isolation membrane in the expansion body 20 . The main body of the trigger device 30 and the piercing head 31 are installed in the elastic membrane 21 , and the exposed part passes through the limiting hole 13 and protrudes from the inner cavity 11 for fixing the expansion body 20 on the magnetic ring installation base 10 .

Specifically for the arrangement of the expansion body 20 , preferably, the elastic membrane 21 may adopt an independent annular sealing rubber membrane, and the isolation membrane may adopt an annular sealing bag 24 . After the sealed bag 24 filled with the second expansion agent 23 is put into the elastic membrane 21 , then the first expansion agent 22 is filled into the elastic membrane 21 .

Preferably, the first expansion agent 22 may be a rock expansion agent whose main component is calcium oxide crystals, and water may be selected as the second expansion agent 23 . Certainly in other embodiments, alunite expansion agent (main component is alunite and anhydrite or dihydrate gypsum), CSA expansion agent (main component is anhydrous calcium sulfoaluminate), U-type expansion agent ( The main component is anhydrous calcium sulfoaluminate, alum stone, gypsum) etc. as the first expansion agent 22.

A toothed belt 50 is provided on the outside of the expansion body 20, and the toothed belt 50 is made of a flexible material, which is sheathed on the outside of the magnetic ring installation base 10, and is used to limit the expansion body 20 in the draw-in groove 12 to improve The fixing effect of the expansion body 20 and the magnetic ring installation base 10.

The toothed belt 50 has a rough outer surface, which is used to increase the frictional force with the inner wall of the borehole and improve the fixing effect. Preferably, the outer surface of the toothed belt 50 may be undulating as shown in FIG. 4 , or may be granular or other rough, which is not limited in this embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 3 , the trigger device 30 also includes a connecting rod 32 and a follower plate 33 , the piercing head 31 protrudes from the connecting rod 32 , and the connecting rod 32 passes through the expansion body 20 along the radial direction of the magnetic ring installation base 10 , the follower plate 33 is formed at the end of the connecting rod 32 and sandwiched between the elastic membrane 21 and the toothed belt 50 . In this embodiment, the follower plate 33 is a circular plate, of course, it can also be set in other shapes, which is not limited in this embodiment.

During use, after the piercing head 31 punctures the sealed bag 24, the first expansion agent 22 and the second expansion agent 23 are mixed and swelled. Due to the limitation of the slot 12, the expansion body 20 expands outwards. Due to the moving plate 33 , the trigger device 30 is driven to move outward along the radial direction of the magnetic ring installation base 10 and break away from the limiting hole 13 .

In order to ensure the expansion effect, multiple expansion agent mixing points need to be set in the expansion body 20 , so multiple trigger devices 30 need to be set. In this embodiment, four annular arrays of limiting holes 13 are provided on the magnetic ring installation base 10 , which are equidistantly distributed on the bottom of the slot 12 , and each limiting hole 13 is equipped with a trigger device 30 .

It can be understood that the quantity of the limiting hole 13 and the triggering device 30 is not limited by the above description, and can be observed according to the size of the layered settlement of the rock formation 100, the reaction effect of the first expansion agent 22 and the second expansion agent 23, etc. The situation is determined, and this embodiment is not limited.

When the trigger device 30 does not pass through the magnetic ring 40, there is no need to deal with the magnetic ring. In this embodiment, the trigger device 30 needs to pass through the magnetic ring 40 , so it is necessary to open a corresponding number of through holes 41 on the magnetic ring 40 , and the corresponding through holes 41 are coaxial with the limiting hole 13 . The connecting rod 32 sequentially passes through the through hole 41 and the limiting hole 13 , and protrudes in the inner cavity 11 of the magnetic ring installation base 10 .

Preferably, in order to avoid leakage of expansion agent and expansion pressure, a sealing ring 42 is provided in the through hole 41 .

The subsidence monitoring method adopting above-mentioned layered subsidence observation mark 100 of above-mentioned stratum layering subsidence observation mark 100 is described in detail below, specifically comprises the following steps:

S1, providing an axially connected installation conduit 200, the installation conduit 200 is provided with a plurality of positioning holes 210 corresponding to the upper limit hole 13 of the stratum subsidence observation mark 100 along its axial direction;

S2. Set the magnetic ring installation base 10 of a plurality of layered settlement observation marks 100 on the installation guide 200, and make the positioning hole 210 correspond to the limit hole 13;

S3, install the expansion body 20 and the trigger device 30 in the slot 11 of the magnetic ring installation base 10, and make one end of the trigger device 30 pass through the limiting hole 13 and protrude into the inner cavity of the installation guide tube 200;

S4. Set the toothed belt 50 on the outside of the expansion body 20;

S5. Drilling holes in the target monitoring area;

S6, inserting the installation conduit 200 assembled with a plurality of stratum subsidence observation marks 100 into the borehole;

S7. Provide an installation guide head 300, insert the installation guide head 300 into the installation catheter 200, drive the piercing head 31 of the trigger device 30 to move and puncture the isolation membrane 24, so that the first expansion agent 22 and the second expansion agent 23 Swell after mixing, and extrude the elastic film 21 on the inner wall of the drilled hole;

S8. Remove the installation guide head 300 from the installation conduit 200, insert the induction probe 400 into the installation conduit 200, and measure the positions of the subsidence observation marks 100 in different strata layers.

Preferably, in step S2, in order to reduce friction, a lubricant may be properly applied on the outer wall of the installation conduit 200 to make the installation base 10 sleeved with magnetic rings smoother.

Steps S2 to S4 are the pre-installation of the installation conduit 200 and the stratification subsidence observation target 100, in which the expansion body 20 needs to be radially pulled and then placed in the slot 12, and the toothed belt 50 is also pulled radially to cover It is arranged on the outside of the expansion body 20 .

In the above subsidence monitoring method, in order to prevent the connecting rod 32 from obstructing the movement of the installation guide head 300, as shown in FIG. 5, the end of the installation guide head 300 is set in an arc shape.

Example 2

The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 lies in the arrangement and fixation of the expansion body 20 , so only the arrangement and fixation of the expansion body 20 will be described here, and other similar parts will not be repeated.

In Embodiment 1, the expansion body 20 is a sealed ring shape, and it needs manpower to pull it out and put it into the slot 12 during use. There is a risk of puncturing the isolation membrane 24 during the pulling process.

Therefore, in this embodiment, the expansion body 20 is set as an independent entity, the number of which is the same as the number of the limiting holes 13, and its volume is set so that when all the expansion bodies 20 are placed in the slot 12, there is no gap between each other. gap, to ensure that the expansion direction is the radial direction of the stratum subsidence observation mark 100.

As an improved embodiment, when the installation catheter 200 is pre-installed, the trigger device 30 only needs to be inserted into the corresponding limiting hole 13 during the fixing process of the expansion body 20, avoiding the pulling operation, thus avoiding improper operation during the process The risk of premature leakage of the second expansion agent 23 is caused.

The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical application, thereby enabling others skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention, as well as various Choose and change. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. A layered settlement observation marker for a rock formation, comprising:

the magnetic ring installation foundation comprises an inner cavity which is axially communicated with each other and a clamping groove with an opening direction deviating from the inner cavity, wherein a limiting hole which is communicated with the inner cavity is formed in the bottom of the clamping groove;

the expansion body comprises an elastic membrane, and a first expansion agent and a second expansion agent which can be expanded after being mixed, wherein the first expansion agent and the second expansion agent are filled in the elastic membrane and are isolated by an isolating membrane;

the trigger device has one end penetrating the limit hole and protruding from the inner cavity and the other end extending into the elastic membrane, and comprises a puncturing head capable of puncturing the isolation membrane;

and the magnetic ring is arranged on the magnetic ring installation foundation.

2. The formation delamination and sedimentation observation mark of claim 1, wherein the isolation film is a sealed bag, the second swelling agent is filled in the sealed bag, and the first swelling agent is arranged between the sealed bag and the elastic film.

3. The formation layered settlement observation marker according to claim 2, wherein the first swelling agent is a rock swelling agent and the second swelling agent is water.

4. The observation mark for layered settlement of rock stratum as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a toothed belt, wherein the toothed belt is sleeved on the outer side of the magnetic ring installation base, and the expansion body is limited in the clamping groove.

5. The formation delamination settlement observation marker according to claim 4, wherein the toothed belt has a roughened outer surface.

6. The indicator of claim 4, wherein the trigger device comprises a link and a follower plate, the piercing head is disposed on the link, one end of the link passes through the limiting hole and protrudes from the inner cavity, the other end of the link is fixed to the follower plate, and the follower plate is clamped between the elastic membrane and the toothed belt.

7. The rock stratum layered settlement observation mark according to claim 1, wherein four limit holes of an annular array are formed on the magnetic ring installation basis, and the limit holes are equidistantly distributed at the bottom of the clamping groove.

8. The observation mark for layered settlement of rock stratum as claimed in claim 7, wherein a plurality of through holes corresponding to the limiting holes are formed in the magnetic ring, and one end of the triggering device sequentially penetrates through the through holes and the limiting holes and protrudes into the inner cavity of the magnetic ring installation base.

9. A method of monitoring subsidence using the formation layered subsidence observation set forth in any one of claims 1 through 8 comprising the steps of:

s1, providing an installation catheter which is axially communicated, wherein a plurality of positioning holes corresponding to the upper limit holes of the stratum layered settlement observation marks are formed in the installation catheter along the axial direction of the installation catheter;

s2, sleeving a plurality of magnetic ring installation foundations of the stratum layered settlement observation targets on the installation guide pipe, and enabling the positioning holes to correspond to the limiting holes;

s3, installing the expansion body and the triggering device in a clamping groove of a magnetic ring installation foundation, and enabling one end of the triggering device to penetrate through the limiting hole and protrude out of the inner cavity of the installation catheter;

s4, sleeving the toothed belt on the outer side of the expansion body;

s5, drilling holes in the target monitoring area;

s6, inserting an installation catheter assembled with a plurality of stratum layered settlement observation targets into the drilling hole;

s7, providing a mounting guide head, inserting the mounting guide head into the mounting guide pipe, driving the penetrating head of the triggering device to move and puncture the isolating membrane, enabling the first expanding agent and the second expanding agent to be mixed and then expanded, and extruding the elastic membrane on the inner wall of the drilled hole;

s8, removing the installation guide head from the installation guide pipe, placing the induction probe into the installation guide pipe, and measuring the positions of different strata layered settlement observation targets.

10. A sedimentation monitoring method as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that in step S7 the end of the mounting head has a circular arc-shaped surface.

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