CN116058122B - Multi-purpose seed drill and distribution device thereof with guide grooves of lotus leaf vein structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and specifically relates to a multi-purpose seed drill and a distribution device with a lotus leaf vein structure guide groove, including a seeding top cover and a seeding device body, the bottom of the seeding device body is connected to a seed inlet pipe, and the outer periphery of the seeding device body is provided with a seed outlet pipe, and the seeding top cover as a whole is a central conical sunken structure, including a step-type mounting portion, an arc-shaped guide portion and a drainage cone portion; the seeding device body includes a vertical connecting pipe, a transition side wall and a horizontal seeding pipe, and the inner wall of the transition side wall is distributed with a lotus leaf vein structure guide groove in a ring-like manner, the bottom end of the guide groove is connected to the vertical connecting pipe, and the upper end of the guide groove is smoothly connected to the horizontal seeding pipe; the guide groove is processed according to the central busbar. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: by setting a booster pipe, a stable premise is provided for the uniform distribution of the distribution device; the seeding pipeline is optimized, and the seeds are effectively distributed with a secondary stable pressure; the uniformity of sowing in each row is improved, and it is convenient for agricultural researchers to conduct various field tests.

Description

Multi-purpose seed drill and distribution device thereof with guide grooves of lotus leaf vein structure

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to a multi-purpose seed drill and a distribution device thereof with a guide groove having a lotus leaf vein structure.

Background Art

The core of the seeder is the seed meter, which is an important factor in determining the working quality and performance of the seeder. In the process of field trials such as new variety breeding, improved variety breeding, variety comparison, and cultivation, agricultural researchers have high requirements for the uniformity of precise sowing in order to ensure the accuracy of the test results. The pneumatic seed meter adopts a method of quantitative seed supply by the seed supply device and uniform distribution in rows by the distribution device for sowing. The performance of the distribution device determines the seeding performance of the pneumatic seed meter. The patent document with application number 2015109573709 discloses an oil-wheat dual-purpose air-collecting and air-pneumatic distribution mechanism, including a seed delivery pipeline, a distribution device shell, a distribution device cover plate, and a distribution seeding pipe. The distribution device shell includes an inclined shell wall, a boss, a groove, and a vertical shell wall. The vertical shell wall is connected to one end of the distribution seeding pipe. The groove is processed according to the center line of the groove. The center line of the groove is streamlined. The two ends of the center line of the groove are respectively A end (diameter 25mm ) and B end (with a diameter of 16 mm), the groove is processed circumferentially along the center line of the groove, and the diameter of the A end is larger than that of the B end, so that the groove cavity forms a feature of a large entrance and a small exit, which is conducive to the accelerated passage of seeds; a conical surface is provided on the upper surface of the distribution modification, and the cone angle α of the conical surface is 120°. The cavity forms a spatial constraint on the seed flow, and the seed flow is converted from axial motion to radial motion under the action of the conical surface. Under the joint action of air pressure and space constraints, the seed flow enters the groove evenly, is distributed through the distribution seed discharge pipe, and then enters the seed transport pipe to be connected to the soil working part to complete the subsequent sowing process; the coefficient of variation of the consistency of the displacement of each row reaches about 4.0, but it still needs to be further strengthened; in this document, the seed flow of each row is improved and the air flow loss is reduced by adjusting the internal structure of the distribution device, but when the seed feed pipe is transmitting the gas-solid coupled seed flow, there may be insufficient air pressure, and the stable transmission of the gas-solid coupled flow cannot be guaranteed, thereby affecting the distribution effect of the distribution device.

The wheat and grain planting area in northern my country is relatively large, and the grain drill is the main product of the seed drill. The grain drill sows the seeds into the soil in strips according to the required row spacing, sowing amount and sowing depth, and then covers the soil and compacts it. It is mainly used for grain sowing: including wheat, millet, sorghum, rapeseed, etc. The ridger completes the soil scraping and ridge forming, the fertilization device applies chemical fertilizers to the furrow opened by the fertilizer furrow opener, the film laying device covers the ground film on the ridge surface, and the film pressing wheel presses the ground film, and then the covering disc covers the soil on the edge of the film, the sowing device sows the seeds in the furrows on both sides of the ridge, and then the compaction device compacts and retains moisture; among them, the seed discharger of the sowing device is the main component affecting the sowing performance.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-purpose seed drill and a distribution device thereof with a lotus leaf vein structure guide groove to solve the problem that the distribution device of the pneumatic seed metering device of the existing multi-purpose seed drill affects the consistency of the discharge amount.

The present invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a distribution device with a guide groove of a lotus leaf vein structure, comprising a seeding top cover and a seeding device body, wherein the bottom of the seeding device body is connected to a seeding pipe, and the outer periphery of the seeding device body horizontally extends out a seeding pipe distributed in a ring pattern, and the seeding top cover as a whole is a central conical sunken structure, comprising a step-type mounting portion, an arc-shaped guide portion and a drainage cone portion; the seeding device body comprises a vertical connecting pipe, a transition side wall and a horizontal seeding pipe, and the inner wall of the transition side wall is distributed with a guide groove of a lotus leaf vein structure in a ring pattern, the bottom end of the guide groove is connected to the vertical connecting pipe, and the upper end of the guide groove is smoothly connected to the horizontal seeding pipe; the guide groove is obtained by processing according to the central busbar, and the central busbar is divided into three sections from the horizontal seeding pipe to the vertical connecting pipe section, and the three-section equations are as shown in formula (1), and the unit is mm:

After the seeding cover and the seeding device body are fixedly installed by fastening screws, the guide groove and the bottom of the seeding top cover form a seeding channel, and the lower part of the seeding channel is a seeding chamber; the cone angle α of the drainage cone is 120°, and the equation of the arc-shaped guide part is as shown in formula (2), and the unit is mm;

Combined with the lotus leaf vein structure guide groove, it can effectively improve the vortex phenomenon of seed flow in the seed separation chamber under the action of the air flow field, increase the blowing speed of the air flow, improve the seed stagnation phenomenon, and improve the flow performance of the seeds. It has been proven that it can improve the uniformity of seed separation.

Specifically, the lower part of the guide groove is an inclined U-shaped wedge surface, the angle between the U-shaped wedge surface and the vertical surface is 20°-25°, and the center line of the U-shaped wedge surface satisfies equation (4), in units of mm:

Specifically, a boost pipe is arranged between the vertical connecting pipe and the seed inlet pipe, the seed inlet pipe is a cylindrical straight pipe, and a mounting plate is arranged on the outer periphery of the upper part of the seed inlet pipe; the interior of the boost pipe is a longitudinally extending sawtooth corrugated structure, the circle diameter corresponding to the wave crest of the sawtooth corrugated structure is 55mm, the circle diameter corresponding to the wave trough is 71mm, and the distance between adjacent wave crests is 10mm; by arranging the sawtooth corrugated structure in the boost pipe, when the fluid passes over the wave crest, the wave crest has a certain turbulent effect on the fluid, causing boundary layer separation, and weakening the thickness of the thin boundary layer, that is, the airflow velocity in the pipeline close to the pipe wall is reduced, and the airflow velocity close to the center of the pipeline is increased, which is conducive to achieving the pressurization and deceleration effect on the gas-solid coupled flow, so that the airflow and seeds are evenly mixed, the population gravity is overcome during the conduction process, the transportation stability of the seed flow is improved, and it is helpful to the subsequent uniform distribution of the seed flow.

A multi-purpose seed drill including a distribution device with a guide groove having a lotus leaf vein structure, comprising an air-conveying seed discharge device, a rotary tillage and ridging device, a seed furrowing device, a fertilizer discharge device and a suppression device;

The pneumatic seeding device comprises a fan, a seed box, a seed supply device, a venturi tube, an air hose, a multi-row seed distributor, and a seed delivery pipe, which are arranged on a frame; the multi-row seed distributor is a distribution device with a guide groove having a lotus leaf vein structure;

The rotary tillage ridging device comprises a rotary tillage blade shaft device, a middle furrowing plow, a side furrowing plow and a shaping device; the rotary tillage blade shaft device comprises a rotary tillage blade rotating shaft symmetrically arranged on the left and right, rotary tillage blade supports are evenly distributed on the rotary tillage blade rotating shaft, and rotary tillage blades are evenly installed on the rotary tillage blade supports; the middle furrowing plow is installed at the bottom of a driving gear box fixed on a frame; the shaping device is symmetrically arranged behind the rotary tillage blade shaft device;

The seed furrow opening device comprises an arrow shovel type furrow opener, which is fixed on a frame, and a seed guide tube is connected to the top of the arrow shovel type furrow opener;

The fertilizer discharging device comprises a fertilizer box, a fertilizer discharging device, and a fertilizer guiding groove. A plurality of fertilizer discharging ports are arranged at intervals at the bottom of the fertilizer box. The fertilizer discharging ports are connected to the fertilizer discharging device, and the lower end outlet of the fertilizer discharging device is connected to the fertilizer guiding groove.

The pressing device includes a connecting plate, a pressing roller shaft, a pressing roller and a scraper plate. The pressing roller shaft is mounted on the pressing roller via a rotating pair. Both ends of the pressing roller shaft are connected between the connecting plates on both sides via bearings. The rear end of the connecting plate is connected to the frame via fastening bolts. The scraper plate is fixed above the pressing roller via the connecting plate. The pressing device is located behind the seed furrowing device.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

(1) By adding a booster pipe after the seed inlet pipe and setting a sawtooth corrugated structure in the booster pipe, the airflow is continuously compressed and stretched in the pipe, achieving the boosting and deceleration effect on the gas-solid coupling flow, making the airflow evenly mixed, improving the transportation stability of the seed flow, and providing a stable premise for the uniform distribution of the distribution device;

(2) On the basis of the existing seed separation pipeline, the structure of the seed separation cover and the seed separation device body is further improved, the seed separation pipeline is further optimized, the vortex phenomenon of the seed flow in the seed separation chamber under the action of the air flow field is improved, the air flow loss is reduced, the blowing speed of the air flow is increased, and the seeds are effectively distributed at a secondary pressure.

By setting the lotus leaf vein structure guide groove, the seed stagnation phenomenon is effectively improved, the speed distribution uniformity is optimized, it is not easy to cause blockage, the seed fluidity is improved, and the seeds are ensured to be discharged smoothly; the lotus leaf shaped seed centralized distribution device improves its seed distribution uniformity and meets the requirements of NY/T 1143-2006 "Technical Specifications for Seeder Quality Evaluation";

(3) The pneumatic seeding device, rotary tillage and ridging device, seed furrowing device, fertilizer discharging device and pressing device of the drill seed machine are reasonably set up, which can be used for grain sowing, complete sowing according to requirements and cover the soil and press down. The distribution device can improve the uniformity of sowing in each row, making it convenient for agricultural researchers to conduct various field tests.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the rear side of the seed drill in the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the front side of the seed drill in the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the air-conveying seeding device.

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the main body of the seed divider.

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the seed separation top cover.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the main body of the seed divider.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a boost pipe.

FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the curve structure of the central busbar.

Among them, 1-suppression roller, 2-scraper plate, 3-seed guide tube, 4-arrow shovel type furrow opener, 5-suppression roller shaft, 6-shaping device, 7-connecting plate, 8-rotary tiller shaft, 9-Venturi tube, 10-fertilizer box, 11-seed box, 12-seed delivery tube, 13-multi-row seed divider, 131-seed divider top cover, 1311-step type installation part, 1312-arc guide part, 1313-drainage cone part, 132-fastening screw, 133- Seeder body, 1331-seeding channel, 1332-guide groove, 1333-vertical connecting pipe, 134-seed outlet pipe, 135-boosting pipe, 136-mounting plate, 137-seed inlet pipe, 14-fan, 15-seed supply device, 16-air supply hose, 17-frame, 18-rotary tillage blade shaft device, 19-rotary tillage blade, 20-middle furrowing plow, 21-driving gear box, 22-rotary tillage blade support, 23-fertilizer guide groove, 24-fertilizer discharger.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Example 1

As shown in Fig. 1-8, a multi-purpose seed drill including a distribution device having a guide groove with a lotus leaf vein structure includes an air-conveying seed discharge device, a rotary tillage ridging device, a seed furrowing device, a fertilizer discharge device and a suppression device;

The pneumatic seeding device comprises a fan 14, a seed box 11, a seed supply device 15, a venturi tube 9, an air hose 16, a multi-row seed distributor 13, and a seed delivery pipe 12 arranged on a frame 17; the multi-row seed distributor 13 is a distribution device with a lotus leaf vein structure guide groove; the distribution device comprises a seed distributor top cover 131 and a seed distributor body 133, the lower part of the seed distributor body 133 is connected to a seed inlet pipe 137, and the outer periphery of the seed distributor body 133 extends horizontally and is distributed in a ring-like manner. Seed outlet pipes 134; as shown in FIG. 4, a boost pipe 135 is arranged between the vertical connecting pipe 1333 and the seed inlet pipe 137, the seed inlet pipe 137 is a cylindrical straight pipe, and an annular mounting plate 136 is arranged on the outer periphery of the upper part of the seed inlet pipe 137, so as to facilitate fixing the seed inlet pipe 137 on the frame 17; as shown in FIG7, the interior of the boost pipe 135 is a longitudinally extending sawtooth corrugated structure, the circle diameter corresponding to the wave crest of the sawtooth corrugated structure is 55 mm, the circle diameter corresponding to the wave trough is 71 mm, and the distance between adjacent wave crests is 10 mm;

The seeding top cover 131 is a central conical sunken structure as a whole, including a step-type mounting portion 1311, an arc-shaped guide portion 1312 and a drainage cone portion 1313; the seeding device body 133 includes a vertical connecting pipe 1333, a transition side wall and a horizontal seeding pipe, and the inner wall of the transition side wall is distributed with a lotus leaf vein structure guide groove 1332 in a ring-like manner, and the bottom end of the guide groove 1332 is connected to the vertical connecting pipe 1333, and the upper end of the guide groove 1332 is smoothly connected to the horizontal seeding pipe; the guide groove 1332 is processed according to the central busbar. As shown in Figure 8, the central busbar is divided into three sections a, b, and c from the horizontal seeding pipe to the vertical connecting pipe section. The three-section equations are as shown in formula (1), and the unit is mm:

After the seeding cover 131 and the seeding device body 133 are fixedly installed by fastening screws 132, the guide groove 1332 and the bottom of the seeding top cover 131 form a seeding channel 1331, and the lower part of the seeding channel is a seeding chamber; the cone angle α of the drainage cone 1313 is 120°, and the equation of the arc-shaped guide portion 1312 is: In combination with the lotus leaf vein structure guide groove 1332, the vortex phenomenon of the seed flow in the seed sorting chamber under the action of the air flow field is effectively improved, the blowing speed of the air flow is increased, the seed stagnation phenomenon is improved, the flow performance of the seeds is improved, and it has been verified that the seed sorting uniformity can be improved; the lower part of the guide groove is an inclined U-shaped wedge surface, the angle between the U-shaped wedge surface and the vertical surface is 20°-25°, and the center line of the U-shaped wedge surface satisfies equation (2), the unit is mm:

The rotary tillage ridging device comprises a rotary tillage blade shaft device 18, a driving gear box 21, a middle furrowing plow 20, a side furrowing plow 8 and a shaping device 6; the rotary tillage blade shaft device 18 comprises a rotary tillage blade shaft 8 symmetrically arranged on the left and right, rotary tillage blade supports 22 are evenly distributed on the rotary tillage blade shaft 8, and rotary tillage blades 19 are evenly installed on the rotary tillage blade supports 22; the middle furrowing plow 20 is installed at the bottom of the driving gear box fixed on the frame; the side furrowing plow is installed at the rear of the outer side of the rotary tillage blade shaft 8; the shaping device 6 is symmetrically arranged at the rear of the rotary tillage blade shaft 8 device;

The seed furrowing device comprises an arrow shovel type furrow opener 4, which is fixed on a frame 17, and a seed guide tube 3 is connected to the top of the arrow shovel type furrow opener 4;

The fertilizer discharging device comprises a fertilizer box 10, a fertilizer discharging device 24, and a fertilizer guiding groove 23. A plurality of fertilizer discharging ports are arranged at intervals at the bottom of the fertilizer box 10, and the fertilizer discharging ports are communicated with the fertilizer discharging device 24. The lower end outlet of the fertilizer discharging device 24 is connected to the fertilizer guiding groove 23.

The pressing device includes a connecting plate 7, a pressing roller shaft 5, a pressing roller 1 and a scraper plate 2. The pressing roller shaft 5 is installed with the pressing roller 1 through a rotating pair. Both ends of the pressing roller shaft 5 are connected between the connecting plates 7 on both sides through bearings. The rear end of the connecting plate 7 is connected to the frame 17 through fastening bolts; the scraper plate 2 is fixed above the pressing roller 1 through the connecting plate; the pressing device is located behind the seed trenching device.

The multi-purpose seed drill in the present invention is suitable for sowing different types of small-grain seeds, such as wheat, rapeseed, rice, vegetables, etc. In order to verify its sowing performance, a control group is set as an inverted truncated cone seed centralized distribution device disclosed in the patent document with application number 202011216771.6, and the following comparative tests are performed:

(1) Taking Xuke No. 1 wheat seeds as the test object, the seeding performance of the inverted truncated cone seed centralized distribution device and the lotus leaf-shaped seed centralized distribution device of the present invention under different seed supply conditions when the wind speed is 22m/s, and the statistical results of the coefficient of variation of the consistency of each row seeding are shown in Table 1;

Table 1

(2) Taking Huayouza 62 rapeseed seeds as the test object, the seeding performance of the inverted truncated cone seed centralized distribution device and the lotus leaf seed centralized distribution device of the present invention under different seed supply conditions when the wind speed is 20m/s, and the results of the coefficient of variation of the consistency of each row seeding are statistically shown in Table 2;

Table 2

It can be seen from Table 1 and Table 2 that under the same wind pressure but different seed supply conditions, the coefficient of variation of the consistency of each row displacement of the lotus leaf-shaped centralized seed distribution device of the present invention is significantly reduced compared with the inverted frustum-shaped centralized seed distribution device; the lotus leaf-shaped centralized seed distribution device improves its seed distribution uniformity and meets the requirements of NY/T 1143-2006 "Technical Specifications for Seeder Quality Evaluation".

The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention. Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present invention. Any figure mark in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims (9)

1. The distributing device with lotus leaf pulse-shaped structure guide groove comprises a seed separating top cover and a seed separating device main body, wherein the lower part of the seed separating device main body is communicated with a seed inlet pipe, the outer periphery of the seed separating device main body horizontally extends out of a seed outlet pipe distributed in a circular column, and the distributing device is characterized in that the whole seed separating top cover is of a central conical sinking structure and comprises a step-shaped mounting part, an arc-shaped flow guiding part and a flow guiding cone part; the seed divider main body comprises a vertical connecting pipe, a transition side wall and a horizontal seed dividing pipe, the inner wall of the transition side wall is provided with guide grooves with lotus leaf pulse-shaped structures distributed in a circular array, the bottom ends of the guide grooves are connected with the vertical connecting pipe, and the upper ends of the guide grooves are smoothly connected with the horizontal seed dividing pipe; the guide groove is formed by processing a central bus, the central bus is divided into three sections from a horizontal seed dividing pipe to a vertical connecting pipe section, and the three sections are shown as formula (1), wherein the unit is mm:（1）。

2. the distribution device with lotus leaf pulse structure guide groove according to claim 1, wherein the cone angle α of the drainage cone portion is 120 °, the arc-shaped guide portion is a section of arc, and the arc equation is as formula (2), and the unit is mm:

（2）。

3. the distribution device with the lotus leaf pulse-shaped structure guide groove as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lower part of the guide groove is an inclined U-shaped wedge surface, the included angle between the U-shaped wedge surface and a vertical surface is 20 degrees to 25 degrees, and the central line of the U-shaped wedge surface meets the equation (3) and is expressed in mm; （3）。

4. The distribution device with the lotus leaf vein structure guide groove as claimed in claim 1, wherein a pressurizing pipe is arranged between the vertical connecting pipe and the seed inlet pipe, the seed inlet pipe is a cylindrical straight pipe, and a mounting plate is arranged at the periphery of the upper part of the seed inlet pipe; the inside of the supercharging pipe is of a longitudinally extending sawtooth corrugated structure, the diameter of a circle corresponding to the wave crest of the sawtooth corrugated structure is 55mm, the diameter of a circle corresponding to the wave trough is 71mm, and the distance between adjacent wave crests is 10mm.

5. A multipurpose drill comprising a distribution device having a lotus leaf pulse structure guide slot as defined in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising an air-fed seed metering device, a rotary tillage ridging device, a seed furrow opening device, a fertilizer device, and a compacting device;

the pneumatic seed metering device comprises a fan, a seed box, a seed supply device, a venturi tube, a gas transmission hose, a plurality of rows of seed separators and a seed transmission tube which are arranged on the frame; the multi-row seed divider is a distributing device with a lotus leaf pulse-shaped structure guide groove.

6. The multipurpose drill of claim 5, wherein the rotary tillage ridging device comprises a rotary tillage cutter shaft device, a middle furrow plow, a drive gearbox, a side furrow plow, and a shaping device; the rotary blade shaft device comprises rotary blade rotating shafts which are symmetrically arranged left and right, rotary blade supports are uniformly distributed on the rotary blade rotating shafts, and rotary blades are uniformly arranged on the rotary blade supports; the middle ditching plow is arranged at the bottom of a driving gear box fixed on the frame; the shaping device is symmetrically arranged behind the rotary tillage cutter shaft device.

7. The multi-purpose drill of claim 5, wherein the seed-metering device comprises an arrow shovel type furrow opener, the arrow shovel type furrow opener is fixed on the frame, and a seed guide tube is connected above the arrow shovel type furrow opener.

8. The multipurpose drill of claim 5, wherein the fertilizer device comprises a fertilizer box, a fertilizer device and a fertilizer guiding groove, a plurality of fertilizer discharging openings are arranged at intervals at the bottom of the fertilizer box, the fertilizer discharging openings are communicated with the fertilizer device, and an outlet at the lower end of the fertilizer device is connected with the fertilizer guiding groove.

9. The multipurpose drill according to claim 5, wherein the compacting device comprises a connecting plate, a compacting roller shaft, a compacting roller and a scraping plate, the compacting roller shaft is provided with the compacting roller through a revolute pair, two ends of the compacting roller shaft are connected between the connecting plates at two sides through bearings, and the rear ends of the connecting plates are connected with the frame through fastening bolts; the scraping plate is fixed above the pressing roller through a connecting plate; the compacting device is positioned behind the seed ditching device.