CN115236911A - 一种制备电致变色可见光红外调控智能材料的方法及材料 - Google Patents
一种制备电致变色可见光红外调控智能材料的方法及材料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种制备电致变色可见光红外调控智能材料的方法及材料,涉及电致变色材料改性技术领域,本发明是用电致变色材料和二维导电材料一步法原位聚合制备具有电致变色可见光/红外调控的双功能智能材料,这种智能材料可同时进行可见光和红外智能热调控。该智能材料的制备步骤分为电化学沉积前驱液制备、ITO/FTO/PET导电玻璃预处理、电化学沉积三步。本发明采用一步法原位聚合,在ITO/FTO/PET导电玻璃表面通过电化学沉积制备具有电致变色可见光/红外调控智能材料,制备工艺简单。材料可以对电致变色可见光/红外调控双波段信号进行智能调控,具有良好的循环稳定性、调制范围广、响应速率快。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电致变色材料改性技术领域,具体涉及一种制备电致变色可见光红外调控智能材料的方法及材料。
背景技术
电致变色自20世纪60年代提出至今在很多领域已经应用,其中应用最为广泛的是电致变色智能窗、飞机舷窗、防眩晕汽车后视镜、军事伪装等。
传统电致变色器件为三明治夹心结构,夹心结构主要包括电致变色层、离子存储层(或互补电致变色层)和电解质层。其中电致变色层为电致变色材料发生离子的掺杂和去掺杂实现材料的颜色变化;离子存储层的作用是存储和提供电致变色材料所需要的离子;电解质层提供离子传输条件。目前的电致变色材料只能单一地进行可见光调控或红外调控,为了扩大光波调节范围,同一器件实现可见光和红外调控,现有技术通常采用的方式是在同一电致变色器件设置分别进行可见光调控和红外调控的两层电致变色膜层,比如授权公告号为CN111596496B的专利文件就公开了一种可见-红外独立调控电致变色器件;也有采用将进行可见光调控和红外调控的多重材料混用的做法,比如授权公告号为CN102030983B的专利文件就公开了一种电致变色和红外变发射材料的制备方法,不管是那种方法,要扩大光波调节范围,都是让不同电致变色材料实现各自的功能,且制备工艺复杂、响应速率慢、电致变色材料结构复杂。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种制备电致变色可见光红外调控智能材料的方法及材料,以解决现有单一电致变色材料变色范围过窄的技术问题,进一步提高单一电致变色材料的变色范围。且本发明电致变色可见光/红外调控的双功能智能材料制备工艺简单,只需电致变色层和电解质层即可实现电致变色功能,其中电致变色层为电致变色材料发生离子的掺杂和去掺杂实现材料的颜色变化,电解质层提供离子传输条件和电致变色材料所需离子。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种制备电致变色可见光红外调控智能材料的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)配制电化学沉积前驱液:将电致变色材料和二维导电材料分散至酸溶液、碱溶液以及有机溶剂中的一种液体中,通过磁力搅拌或超声分散的方式使前驱液充分混合;
(2)导电玻璃预处理:将导电玻璃清洗、烘干、紫外臭氧清洗,并在步骤(1)制备的电化学沉积前驱液中浸泡12~72h;
(3)电化学沉积:以步骤(1)中制备的前驱液为电解液,铂电极为对电极、银/氯化银为参比电极、步骤(2)预处理的导电玻璃为工作电极,在电化学工作站进行循环伏安沉积和恒电压沉积相结合的方式进行电化学沉积,即可得到电致变色/二维导电材料复配电致变色可见光/红外调控智能材料。
作为优选地,所述二维导电材料的制备方法为自上而下的机械剥离法、插层剥离法、直接超声剥离法、剪切剥离法以及选择性刻蚀法中的一种,或是自下而上的化学合成法。
作为优选地,所述电致变色材料为聚苯胺、WO3、TiO2、MoO3、Nb2O5、3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩中的一种。
作为优选地,所述二维导电材料为Mxene、石墨烯、石墨炔、黑磷中的一种。
作为优选地,所述步骤(1)中所述前驱液配制温度不超过材料失效温度,配制后的溶液保存温度也不超过溶液失效温度。
作为优选地,所述步骤(2)中,导电玻璃依次在加有洗洁精的蒸馏水、加有NaOH的异丙醇、蒸馏水、无水乙醇中进行超声清洗。
更优地,各超声清洗时间为10~60min。
作为优选地,所述步骤(2)中,导电玻璃超声清洗的温度为2~60℃。
作为优选地,所述步骤(2)中,紫外臭氧清洗的时间为5~50min。
一种电致变色可见光红外调控智能材料,其采用上述任意制备方法制备得到。
本发明的有益效果是:
1)本发明采用一步法原位聚合在导电玻璃上电化学沉积得到一体式电致变色可见光/红外调控智能材料,其循环稳定性好、光学性能以及电化学性能优异;
2)本发明制备智能电致变色可见光/红外调控双智能材料,可在不同电压下实现对可见光和红外发射率的智能调控;
3)本发明采用一步法原位聚合制备的电致变色可见光/红外调控双智能材料,将二维导电材料与电致变色材料有机结合,利用二维导电材料优异电化学性能与电致变色材料特性实现两种材料的功能性的相互促进;
4)本发明利用一步法原位聚合制备的电致变色可见光/红外智能材料,制备的电致变色元器件突破了传统三明治结构,得到一体式电致变色材料,提高材料光学性能和电化学性能,同时增强电致变色材料的稳定性,扩大了电致变色材料应用市场范围,提升材料的综合性能。
5)本发明制备工艺简单容易,制备的材料还具有调制范围广、响应速率快等优势。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备聚苯胺/Mxene的电致变色可见光/红外调控材料智能材料的电化学沉积示意图;
图2为实施例1制备聚苯胺/Mxene的电致变色可见光/红外调控材料的不同沉积阶段效果图;
图3为实施例1制备聚苯胺/Mxene的电致变色可见光/红外调控材料和不添加Mxene的纯聚苯胺在-0.8V~+0.8V的C-V循环对比图;
图4为实施例1制备聚苯胺/Mxene的电致变色可见光/红外调控材料在不同电压下对近红外波的不同透过率和吸收率。
图5为实施例1制备不添加Mxene的纯聚苯胺电致变色可见光/红外调控材料在不同电压下对近红外波的不同透过率和吸收率。
图6为实施例1制备聚苯胺/Mxene的电致变色可见光/红外调控材料在不同电压下的温度调控照片。
图7为实施例1制备不添加Mxene的纯聚苯胺电致变色可见光/红外调控材料在不同电压下的温度调控照片。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例,详述本发明的技术方案。
实施例1
本实施例中,二维导电材料以Mxene为例,电致变色材料以聚苯胺为例,包括电化学沉积前驱液制备、ITO/FTO/PET导电玻璃预处理、电化学沉积三步,具体操作如下:
一、化学沉积前驱液制备
1.二维导电材料制备:
以Mxene刻蚀为例:将0.2g的Ti3AIC2与0.2g的LiF溶解至40mL的9MHCI中,一定温度下进行磁力搅拌分散,磁力搅拌转速为1100r/min、刻蚀温度20~60℃,产物进行洗涤、离心(离心转速为4000r/min,离心时间为30min)得到含有Mxene沉淀,沉淀物加入50mL的蒸馏水超声分散,进行二次离心分离得到Mxene分散液。
2.前驱液配制
将步骤1制备得到的Mxene溶液5mL以及1mL的聚苯胺、10~30mL盐酸(9mol/L)分散至20mL的蒸馏水,超声分散30min,温度40~50℃,得到电化学沉积前驱液。
二、ITO导电玻璃预处理
ITO/FTO/PET玻璃依次用蒸馏水(加洗洁精)、异丙醇(加NaOH)、蒸馏水、无水乙醇中进行超声清洗30min,烘干、紫外臭氧清洗30min,在电化学沉积前驱液中浸泡24h,得到ITO导电玻璃。
三、电化学沉积
如图1所示,以步骤一中制备的前驱液为电沉积液,铂电极为对电极、银/氯化银为参比电极、步骤二预处理得到ITO导电玻璃为工作电极,利用CHI760电化学工作站先进行C-V循环沉积,C-V循环后用蒸馏水冲洗得到亮绿色薄膜,再进行0.5~1.1V恒电压沉积,0.5V~1.1V恒电压沉积后用蒸馏水冲洗得到淡蓝色薄膜,最后进行1.2~2.0V的恒电压沉积,1.2~2.0V恒电压沉积后用蒸馏水冲洗得到蓝紫色薄膜,即为聚苯胺/Mxene的电致变色可见光/红外调控材料,聚苯胺/Mxene的电致变色可见光/红外调控材料的不同沉积阶段效果如图2所示。
对比例1
在实施例1的基础上,不添加Mxene,进行相同比例的电化学沉积液制备、相同参数电化学沉,制备得到不添加Mxene的纯聚苯胺材料。
分别对聚苯胺/Mxene的电致变色可见光/红外调控材料与不添加Mxene的纯聚苯胺材料进行-0.8V~+0.8V的C-V循环测试,其测试结果如图3所示;
分别对聚苯胺/Mxene的电致变色可见光/红外调控材料与不添加Mxene的纯聚苯胺材料进行不同电压下对近红外波的不同透过率和吸收率测试,测试结果分别如图4、5所示。
分别将聚苯胺/Mxene的电致变色可见光/红外调控材料与纯苯胺在不同电压下进行红外成像,其温度调控照片分别如图6、图7所示。图6聚苯胺/Mxene的电致变色可见光/红外调控材料电压在-0.2V离子处于半掺杂状态红外热成像温度调控最大为3.1℃,在其他电压下温度调控也均大于2℃。图7纯苯胺电致变色材料在-0.2V离子处于半掺杂状态红外热成像温度仅为0.7℃,0.2V热成像温度调控最大也仅有1.8℃远小于聚苯胺/Mxene的电致变色可见光/红外调控材料的红外调控性能。
尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种制备电致变色可见光红外调控智能材料的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)配制电化学沉积前驱液:将电致变色材料和二维导电材料分散至酸溶液、碱溶液或者有机溶剂中,通过磁力搅拌或超声分散的方式使前驱液充分混合;
(2)导电玻璃预处理:将导电玻璃清洗、烘干、紫外臭氧清洗,并在步骤(1)制备的电化学沉积前驱液中浸泡12~72h;
(3)电化学沉积:以步骤(1)中制备的前驱液为电解液,铂电极为对电极、银/氯化银为参比电极、步骤(2)预处理的导电玻璃为工作电极,在电化学工作站以循环伏安沉积和恒电压沉积相结合的方式进行电化学沉积,即可得到电致变色/二维导电材料复配电致变色可见光/红外调控智能材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备电致变色可见光红外调控智能材料的方法,其特征在于:所述二维导电材料的制备方法为自上而下的机械剥离法、插层剥离法、直接超声剥离法、剪切剥离法以及选择性刻蚀法中的一种,或是自下而上的化学合成法等。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备电致变色可见光红外调控智能材料的方法,其特征在于:所述电致变色材料为聚苯胺、WO3、TiO2、MoO3、Nb2O5、3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备电致变色可见光红外调控智能材料的方法,其特征在于:所述二维导电材料为Mxene、石墨烯、石墨炔、黑磷等的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备电致变色可见光红外调控智能材料的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中所述前驱液配制温度不超过材料失效温度,配制后的溶液保存温度也不超过溶液失效温度。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备电致变色可见光红外调控智能材料的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中,导电玻璃依次在加有洗洁精的蒸馏水、加有NaOH的异丙醇、蒸馏水、无水乙醇中进行超声清洗。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备电致变色可见光红外调控智能材料的方法,其特征在于:各超声清洗时间为10~60min。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制备电致变色可见光红外调控智能材料的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中,导电玻璃超声清洗的温度为2~60℃。
9.根据权利要求1所述的制备电致变色可见光红外调控智能材料的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中,紫外臭氧清洗的时间为5~50min。
10.一种电致变色可见光红外调控智能材料,其特征在于:采用如权利要求1~9所述的任意制备方法制备得到。
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