CN115206752A - A high-efficiency and lightweight Q-band space traveling wave tube - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a high-efficiency and lightweight Q-band space traveling wave tube, an ultra-fine electron injection gun, a slow-wave structure and a multi-stage depressurization collector, and the ultra-fine electron injection gun, the slow-wave structure and the multi-stage depressurization collector in sequence connection; the invention adopts an ultra-fine electron injection gun to solve the problem of low dynamic electron injection flow rate; the high-frequency system uses small-sized strips to wind the helix, and combines CAD technology to optimize the phase speed jump and gradual change of the helix to reduce the phase speed. It adopts four-stage depressurization collector, and improves the recycling efficiency by optimizing the electronic optical structure of each electrode; through the weight reduction design and structural mechanics test of each component, the total efficiency is finally ≥45%, and the quality of the whole tube is ≤ 560g high-efficiency, lightweight Q-band space traveling wave tube product application requirements.

Description

A high-efficiency and lightweight Q-band space traveling wave tube

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of electric vacuum devices, and more particularly relates to a high-efficiency and lightweight Q-band space traveling wave tube.

Background technique

my country's existing communication system lacks effective means of ensuring disaster relief for major natural disasters, and has no communication capabilities for distant seas and high latitudes. There is no my country-led communication for activities such as peacekeeping and rights protection, rescue and scientific investigation, and resource transportation on a global scale. There are major hidden dangers in network and information security and confidentiality, and it is urgent to establish an autonomous and controllable satellite mobile communication system in my country. Communication satellites working in low earth orbits have the advantages of light weight, short development cycle, low cost and easy launch due to the use of various components miniaturization and lightening technologies. Therefore, the use of low-orbit satellite communication to solve the problem of covering all the land area of my country is a better feasible solution at present. It is very necessary to strengthen the research on low-orbit satellite communication technology and establish my country's own low-orbit satellite communication constellation system as soon as possible.

At present, the localized products of the Q-band space traveling wave tube are in the development and finalization stage, and there are no publicly reported products that meet the requirements of my country's low-orbit constellation satellite Internet construction project.

Therefore, in view of this, the existing structure and defects are studied and improved to provide a high-efficiency and lightweight Q-band space traveling wave tube, in order to achieve a more practical purpose.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention is to solve the vacancy problem of the existing domestic Q-band space traveling wave tube, and provides a high-efficiency, light-weight and high-reliability Q-band 52W continuous wave space traveling wave tube suitable for low-orbit satellite communication systems. .

The purpose and effect of the high-efficiency and lightweight Q-band space traveling wave tube of the present invention are achieved by the following specific technical means:

A high-efficiency and lightweight Q-band space traveling wave tube, comprising an ultra-fine electron injection gun, a slow-wave structure and a multi-stage depressurized collector, the ultra-fine electron injection gun, the slow-wave structure and the multi-stage depressurized collector in sequence connect;

The ultra-fine electron injection gun is a double-anode electron gun, and the double-anode electron gun includes an electron gun shell, an integrated porcelain is installed inside the electron gun shell, and a gun core assembly is installed inside the integrated porcelain, and is close to the gun core. One end of the assembly is installed with a cathode sealing ring, the inside of the cathode sealing ring is installed with a cathode, the one-piece porcelain is installed with a focusing electrode at one end close to the cathode, and the one-piece porcelain is also installed at one end close to the focusing electrode There are two groups of anode sealing rings, and a first anode and a second anode are respectively installed inside the two groups of said anode sealing rings;

The slow-wave structure includes a tube shell, a spiral wire is installed inside the tube shell, and an input coupling device and an output coupling device are respectively connected to the left and right ends of the tube shell.

Further, the multi-stage depressurization collector includes a collector cylinder, a ceramic plate is installed inside the collector cylinder, and a first collector core, a second collector core, and a third collector are sequentially installed inside the ceramic plate. core and fourth collector core.

Further, the diameter of the cathode emitting surface of which a lead porcelain column is installed at one end of the collector cylinder is ≤1.5 mm.

Further, the input coupling device and the output coupling device use K2.4 coaxial connectors and BJ400 connectors respectively.

Further, the structures of the input coupling device and the output coupling device are determined through simulation design, specifically, the use of CAD technology to further optimize the internal optical dimensions, mainly the inner conductor diameter of the coaxial coupling device and the inner diameter of the box-shaped window of the waveguide coupling device. With the thickness of the sapphire window, the voltage standing wave ratio of the coupling device is less than 1.4, which is conducive to signal transmission.

Further, the helical phase speed jumping mode is first positive jumping, and then negative jumping; in the second half of the helical line, there are four stages of phase speed gradual change, the first stage of the phase speed gradual change is the most gentle, and the second stage is the most gentle. , The slope of the phase velocity gradient of the third segment is larger than that of the first segment, and the gradient of the phase velocity gradient of the last segment is the largest.

Further, the strip of the helical wire is made of rhenium tungsten alloy, and the main pitch is 0.3 mm and the inner radius is 0.22 mm.

Further, the shape of the focusing electrode and the first anode is funnel-shaped; the shape of the second anode is a flat plate; the relative position of the focusing electrode and the cathode adopts a negative tolerance to strictly prevent the electron injection compression caused by the relatively large relative position of the focusing electrode and the cathode. Too large, resulting in poor laminar flow of electron injection.

Further, it also includes a magnetic focusing system, the magnetic focusing system adopts a periodic permanent magnet focusing system, and uses CAD technology to optimize the design, focusing on optimizing the magnetic field value of the first 5 cycles of the ultra-fine electron injection gun end, so that the electron injection just enters the slow speed. The wave structure can have a better shape retention; the subsequent magnetic field value is designed to rise in steps, and the difference is optimized within 50Gs, so that the actual configuration magnetic field is more uniform and stable, and the magnetic field value outside the axis can also be more in line with the design value; for In some areas that require a larger longitudinal magnetic induction intensity, larger size samarium cobalt magnets are used to meet the design requirements.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

The Q-band 52W continuous wave space traveling wave tube provided by the invention adopts an ultra-fine electron injection gun to solve the problem of low dynamic electron injection flow rate; the high-frequency system uses small-sized strips to wind the spiral, and combines the CAD technology to optimize the spiral. The phase speed jump and gradual change method can reduce the phase shift and improve the electron efficiency; adopt the four-stage step-down collector, and improve the recovery efficiency by optimizing the electron optical structure of each electrode; through the weight reduction design of each component and the structural mechanics test, the final realization The application requirements of high-efficiency and lightweight Q-band space traveling wave tube products with total efficiency ≥45% and whole tube mass ≤560g.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the high-efficiency and lightweight Q-band space traveling wave tube of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the ultrafine electron injection gun of the high-efficiency and lightweight Q-band space traveling wave tube of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the slow wave structure of the high-efficiency and lightweight Q-band space traveling wave tube of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-stage step-down collector of the high-efficiency and lightweight Q-band space traveling wave tube of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is the phase velocity jump, gradual change distribution diagram.

Figure 6 shows the distribution of output power at the intermediate frequency (left) and the gain distribution at the intermediate frequency (right) in the saturated state.

Figure 7 shows the phase shift distribution of the fallback state (left) and the AM phase modulation distribution (right).

Fig. 8 is a simulation result diagram of the magnetic focusing system.

In the figure, the corresponding relationship between component names and drawing numbers is:

1. Ultrafine electron injection gun; 101, electron gun shell; 102, first anode; 103, second anode; 104, focusing electrode; 105, cathode;

2. Slow wave structure; 201, tube shell; 202, helix; 203, input coupling device; 204, output coupling device;

3. Multi-stage depressurization collector; 301, collector cylinder; 302, porcelain plate; 303, first collector core; 304, second collector core; 305, third collector core; 306, fourth collector Core; 307, lead porcelain column.

Detailed ways

The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise stated, "plurality" means two or more; the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer" The orientation or positional relationship indicated by , "front end", "rear end", "head", "tail", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, not An indication or implication that the referred device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operate in a particular orientation, is not to be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed to indicate or imply relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. Ground connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific situations.

Example:

As shown in accompanying drawings 1 to 4:

The present invention provides a high-efficiency and lightweight Q-band space traveling wave tube, comprising an ultra-fine electron injection gun 1, a slow-wave structure 2 and a multi-stage depressurized collector 3, the ultra-fine electron injection gun 1, the slow-wave structure 2 Connect to the multi-stage step-down collector 3 in turn;

The ultra-fine electron injection gun 1 is a double-anode electron gun, and the double-anode electron gun includes an electron gun casing 101. An integrated porcelain is installed inside the electron gun casing 101, and a gun core assembly is installed inside the integrated porcelain. A cathode sealing ring is installed at one end close to the gun core assembly, a cathode 105 is installed inside the cathode sealing ring, and a focusing electrode 104 is installed at the end close to the cathode 105 of the integrated porcelain. One end of the focusing electrode 104 is also installed with two groups of anode sealing rings, and the insides of the two groups of anode sealing rings are respectively installed with a first anode 102 and a second anode 103;

The slow wave structure 2 includes a tube shell 201 , a spiral wire 202 is installed inside the tube shell 201 , and an input coupling device 203 and an output coupling device 204 are respectively connected to the left and right ends of the tube shell 201 .

The multi-stage depressurization collector 3 includes a collector cylinder 301, a ceramic plate 302 is installed inside the collector cylinder 301, and a first collector core 303 and a second collector core are sequentially installed inside the ceramic plate 302. 304 , a third collector core 305 and a fourth collector core 306 , one end of the collector cylinder 301 is installed with a lead porcelain post 307 .

Wherein, the diameter of the emission surface of the cathode 105 of the ultrafine electron injection gun 1 is less than or equal to 1.5 mm.

Wherein, the input coupling device 203 and the output coupling device 204 use K2.4 coaxial connectors and BJ400 connectors respectively.

The structures of the input coupling device 203 and the output coupling device 204 are determined through simulation design, specifically, the use of CAD technology to further optimize the internal optical dimensions, mainly the diameter of the inner conductor of the coaxial coupling device and the size of the box-shaped window of the waveguide coupling device. The inner diameter and the thickness of the sapphire window make the voltage standing wave ratio of the coupling device less than 1.4, which is conducive to signal transmission.

Wherein, the phase speed jumping mode of the spiral line 202 is positive jumping first, then negative jumping; a plurality of stages of phase speed gradients are arranged in the second half of the spiral line 202 .

Wherein, the strip of the helical wire 202 is made of rhenium-tungsten alloy, and the main pitch is 0.3 mm and the inner radius is 0.22 mm.

The shape of the focusing electrode 104 and the first anode 102 is a funnel shape; the shape of the second anode 103 is a flat plate; the relative position of the focusing electrode 104 and the cathode 105 adopts a negative tolerance to strictly prevent the relative position between the focusing electrode 104 and the cathode 105 The electron injection compression caused by the larger position is too large, resulting in poor laminar flow of electron injection.

Among them, it also includes a magnetic focusing system. The magnetic focusing system adopts a periodic permanent magnet focusing system, and uses CAD technology to optimize the design. Wave structure 2 can maintain a better shape; the subsequent magnetic field value is designed to rise in steps, and the difference is optimized within 50Gs, so that the actual configuration of the magnetic field is more uniform and stable, and the magnetic field value outside the axis can also be more in line with the design value; For some areas that require larger longitudinal magnetic induction, larger size samarium cobalt magnets are used to meet the design requirements.

The ultra-fine electron injection gun 1 of the present invention adopts the focusing electrode to control the double anode electron gun, and the surface compression is obtained by using a small cathode with a diameter of the emission surface ≤ 1.5mm, combined with the electron lens convergence of the focusing electrode 104, the first anode 102 and the second anode 103. For ultrafine electron beams with a ratio of 40:1, CAD technology is used to optimize the design of the shape of the focusing electrode 104, the first anode 102, the second anode 103 and the relative position with the cathode 105 to ensure that the ultrafine electron beams have good laminar flow. , which is beneficial to the subsequent injection-wave interaction.

As shown in Figure 5-7, the slow-wave structure 2 adopts a helical slow-wave circuit. After testing and comparing the parameters such as the material, width, and thickness of the helix 202, a small-sized strip is used as the strip for winding the helix 202. Change the pitch and inner radius parameters to obtain different phase velocities, and then use CAD technology to optimize the distribution of phase velocity jumps and gradients to improve electronic efficiency, reduce phase shift, and meet overall performance requirements.

The magnetic focusing system adopts a periodic permanent magnet focusing system, and uses CAD technology to optimize the design to reduce the pulsation of the electron beam and stabilize the shape and laminar flow of the electron beam. Cobalt magnets to meet design needs. As shown in Figure 8, after several rounds of experimental improvement, the matching with the ultra-fine electron injection gun was improved, and a good magnetic focusing system design was obtained, which improved the electron injection flow rate and injection-wave interaction efficiency of the slow-wave system.

Input and output coupling device, the input adopts K2.4 (F) coaxial connector, and the output adopts BJ400 connector. The structure of the input and output coupling device is determined through the simulation design, and the CAD technology is used to further optimize the structure to reduce the insertion loss of the coupling device and ensure the high efficiency of energy transmission. At the same time, the structure considers strengthening heat dissipation, miniaturization and high reliability to ensure reliability.

The multi-stage step-down collector 3 adopts a four-stage step-down collector structure, and uses CAD technology to further optimize the size of the electron optics, improve the collector efficiency and further reduce the impact of reflux on high-frequency characteristics. At the same time, the structure considers the weight reduction design of the electrode core and the ceramic plate, and the thermal stress release of the welding, so as to realize the miniaturization, light weight and high reliability of the collector.

The Q-band 52W continuous wave space traveling wave tube provided by the invention adopts an ultra-fine electron injection gun to solve the problem of low dynamic electron injection flow rate; the high-frequency system uses small-sized strips to wind the spiral, and combines the CAD technology to optimize the spiral. The phase speed jump and gradual change method can reduce the phase shift and improve the electron efficiency; adopt the four-stage step-down collector, and improve the recovery efficiency by optimizing the electron optical structure of each electrode; through the weight reduction design of each component and the structural mechanics test, the final realization The application requirements of high-efficiency and lightweight Q-band space traveling wave tube products with total efficiency ≥45% and whole tube mass ≤560g.

The embodiments of the present invention are presented for purposes of illustration and description, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to better explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use.

Claims (9)

1. A high-efficiency and lightweight Q-band space traveling wave tube, comprising an ultra-fine electron injection gun (1), a slow-wave structure (2) and a multi-stage depressurization collector (3), characterized in that: the ultra-fine electron injection gun (1) The electron injection gun (1), the slow-wave structure (2) and the multi-stage step-down collector (3) are connected in sequence; The ultra-fine electron injection gun (1) is a double-anode electron gun, and the double-anode electron gun includes an electron gun casing (101), and an integrated porcelain is installed inside the electron gun casing (101), and an integrated porcelain is installed inside the integrated porcelain. A gun core assembly, and a cathode sealing ring is installed at one end close to the gun core assembly, a cathode (105) is installed inside the cathode sealing ring, and a focus is installed at the end close to the cathode (105) of the integrated porcelain pole (104), two sets of anode sealing rings are also installed at one end of the one-piece porcelain near the focusing pole (104), and a first anode (102) and a second anode are respectively installed inside the two sets of anode sealing rings Two anodes (103); The slow-wave structure (2) includes a tube shell (201), a spiral wire (202) is installed inside the tube shell (201), and input couplings are respectively connected to the left and right ends of the tube shell (201). device (203) and output coupling device (204). 2. The high-efficiency and lightweight Q-band space traveling wave tube according to claim 1, characterized in that: the multi-stage depressurization collector (3) comprises a collector cylinder (301), and the collector cylinder (301) A porcelain plate (302) is installed inside, and a first collector core (303), a second collector core (304), a third collector core (305), and a fourth collector core (305) and a fourth collector core (305) are installed in the inside of the porcelain plate (302) in sequence. A collector core (306), one end of the collector cylinder (301) is installed with a lead porcelain post (307). 3. The high-efficiency and lightweight Q-band space traveling wave tube according to claim 1, characterized in that: the diameter of the emission surface of the cathode (105) of the ultrafine electron injection gun (1) is ≤1.5 mm. 4. The high-efficiency and lightweight Q-band space traveling wave tube according to claim 1, wherein the input coupling device (203) and the output coupling device (204) adopt K2.4 coaxial joints and BJ400 connectors respectively . 5. The high-efficiency and lightweight Q-band space traveling wave tube according to claim 4, characterized in that: the input coupling device (203) and the output coupling device (204) both determine the structure through simulation design, specifically by using CAD technology The internal optical dimensions are further optimized, mainly the diameter of the inner conductor of the coaxial coupling device, the inner diameter of the box-shaped window of the waveguide coupling device and the thickness of the sapphire window, so that the VSWR of the coupling device is less than 1.4, which is conducive to signal transmission. 6. The high-efficiency and lightweight Q-band space traveling wave tube according to claim 1, characterized in that: the phase velocity jump mode of the helix (202) is positive jump first, then negative jump; 202) There are four phase velocity gradients in the second half area, the first phase velocity gradient is the most gentle, the second and third phase velocity gradients have larger slopes than the first, and the last phase velocity gradient has the largest gradient. 7. The high-efficiency and lightweight Q-band space traveling wave tube according to claim 5, characterized in that: the strip of the helix (202) is made of rhenium-tungsten alloy, and the main pitch is 0.3mm and the inner radius is 0.22mm . 8. The high-efficiency and lightweight Q-band space traveling wave tube according to claim 1, characterized in that: the shape of the focusing electrode (104) and the first anode (102) are funnel-shaped; The shape is a flat plate; the relative position of the focusing electrode (104) and the cathode (105) is a negative tolerance. 9. The high-efficiency and lightweight Q-band space traveling wave tube according to claim 1, further comprising a magnetic focusing system, the magnetic focusing system adopts a periodic permanent magnet focusing system, and uses CAD technology to optimize the design, focusing on optimization The magnetic field value in the first 5 cycles of the ultra-fine electron injection gun (1) enables the electron injection to have a better shape retention as soon as it enters the slow-wave structure (2). Within 50Gs, the actual configuration of the magnetic field is more uniform and stable, and the magnetic field value outside the axis can be more in line with the design value; for some areas that require a larger longitudinal magnetic induction intensity, a larger size samarium cobalt magnetic steel is used to meet the design requirements.

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