CN115206554A - A high-temperature magnetofluidic experimental circuit suitable for advanced cladding research of fusion reactors - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-temperature magnetic fluid experimental circuit suitable for the research of advanced cladding of fusion reactors, including a lithium-lead circuit, a heat-conducting oil circuit, a cooling water circuit and a gas circuit. , Regenerator, Lithium-Lead-Heat Conduction Oil Cooler, Heat Transfer Oil-Water Cooler, Cold Trap, Expansion Tank, Melting Tank, Lithium-Lead Storage Tank and Mechanical Pump and other equipment, parameters such as temperature and flow can be obtained. Higher liquid lithium lead. Inside the superconducting magnet, there are horizontal and vertical channels in the experimental section, and the surface of the experimental section is covered with a heating plate, which can study the fusion reactor's advanced cladding under the multi-field coupling effects of magnetic field, thermal field, flow field and gravity field. Flow heat transfer characteristics at Reynolds number and high Hartmann number provide reliable experimental data for advanced cladding design of fusion reactors.

Description

A high-temperature magnetofluidic experimental circuit suitable for advanced cladding research of fusion reactors

technical field

The invention relates to the field of fusion reactor cladding, in particular to a high-temperature magnetic fluid experimental circuit suitable for the research of advanced cladding of fusion reactors.

Background technique

Nuclear fusion obtains energy through plasma reactions (such as: deuterium and tritium), and has always been regarded as the ultimate solution for human energy due to its many advantages such as abundant fuel, inherent safety, and no environmental pollution. The cladding is the core component facing the plasma in the fusion reactor, and its main functions include tritium breeding, energy conversion and radiation shielding. According to the tritium breeder, the cladding can be divided into solid breeder cladding and liquid breeder cladding. The liquid breeder cladding adopts lithium-lead alloy as tritium breeder and neutron multiplying agent, which has the advantages of simple structure and high thermoelectric conversion efficiency. As well as many advantages such as online tritium extraction, it is considered to be the advanced cladding of fusion reactors. However, the liquid lithium lead itself is conductive. In the strong magnetic field environment of the tokamak fusion reactor, the flow of the conductive fluid cuts the magnetic field lines to generate an induced current, which generates a Lorentz force that hinders the flow, showing obvious magnetohydrodynamics ( MHD) effect, which is mainly reflected in the strong magnetic field and large heat source: (1) Due to the high strength of the fusion magnetic field (~5T), its Hartmann number Ha is as high as 10 ⁴ , and the strong Lorentz force completely changes the flow of liquid lithium lead. The velocity profile and turbulent flow characteristics increase the flow pressure drop; (2) The interaction of neutrons with liquid lithium lead produces nuclear thermal deposition, and the large volume heat source makes the Grachev number Gr in the cladding as high as 10 ¹² , which makes the mixed convection in the cladding. It plays a key role in the transport of fluid momentum and energy. The above factors make the advanced cladding of fusion reactors have obvious multi-physics coupling effects, including magnetic field, thermal field, flow field, and gravitational field. Although the numerical calculation method has achieved remarkable results, the correctness needs to be verified by experiments. Therefore, the magnetofluidic experimental circuit is an essential experimental platform for the study of key scientific issues in the advanced cladding of fusion reactors.

In the field of magnetic fluid experimental circuit design research for fusion reactors, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Kyoto University (KoU), Japan, Russian Academy of Sciences Joint Institute for High Temperature (JIHT), Chinese Academy of Sciences The Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology (INEST) and China's Southwest Institute of Physics (SWIP) designed the magnetic fluid experimental circuit. However, the current experimental loop design has the following shortcomings: (1) The operating temperature and flow range is narrow, making it difficult to carry out experiments under the actual working conditions of advanced cladding; (2) The magnetic field strength is low, and conductivity is often used to achieve high Ha numbers. High liquid metals, such as mercury, lithium, NaK, GaInSn, etc., are used to replace lithium lead for experiments, but the thermal physical parameters of these media are very different from those of lithium lead, and the experimental data are difficult to apply to advanced cladding design; (3) Experimental section The cross-sectional size is small, which is far from the actual size of the advanced cladding lithium-lead channel of the fusion reactor, which cannot reflect the real flow state; (4) The design of the experimental section mostly focuses on the study of a single characteristic, such as: measuring hydraulic pressure drop, lack of magnetic field , thermal field, gravity field and flow field and other multi-field coupling effects.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a high-temperature magnetic fluid experiment circuit suitable for the research of advanced cladding of fusion reactors, which is a high-temperature magnetic fluid experiment including a lithium-lead circuit, a heat transfer oil circuit, a cooling water circuit and a gas circuit. Circuits, in heaters, superconducting magnets, experimental sections, mixers, regenerators, lithium lead-thermal oil coolers, thermal oil-water coolers, cold traps, expansion tanks, melting tanks, storage tanks, and mechanical pumps Under the synergy of other equipment, high-temperature and high-flow liquid lithium-lead can be obtained. Under the action of multi-field coupling effects such as magnetic field, thermal field, flow field and gravitational field, the key scientific issues of advanced cladding of fusion reactors can be studied.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

A high-temperature magnetic fluid experimental circuit suitable for advanced cladding research of fusion reactors, characterized in that a lithium-lead alloy is used as a circulating working medium, and the experimental circuit includes a lithium-lead circuit, a heat-conducting oil circuit, a cooling water circuit and a gas circuit; wherein , the lithium-lead circuit includes a heater, a superconducting magnet, an experimental section, a mixer, a regenerator, a lithium-lead-conducting oil cooler, a cold trap, an expansion tank, a melting tank, a lithium-lead storage tank, a mechanical pump, etc., The heat transfer oil circuit includes a heat transfer oil-water cooler, an oil storage tank, a mechanical pump, a cold trap, and a heat transfer oil-water cooler, etc., and the gas circuit includes an argon cylinder group, a melting tank, an expansion tank and lithium lead storage. Can. The lithium-lead circuit is connected with the heat-conducting oil circuit through the lithium-lead-heat-conducting oil cooler, and the heat-conducting oil circuit is connected with the cooling water circuit through the heat-conducting oil-water cooler.

Further, in order to prevent the reaction between lithium-lead and water, a heat-conducting oil circuit is arranged between the lithium-lead circuit and the cooling water circuit. The liquid lithium-lead is heated in the lithium-lead system, and the heat is transferred to the heat-conducting oil circuit, and the heat-conducting oil finally transfers the heat. to the cooling water circuit.

Further, the lithium-lead circuit is divided into three branches at the outlet of the second mechanical pump, and the lithium-lead of branch one flows through the heater and the experimental section and then the temperature rises, and then the first-level mixer and the second-level mixer are mixed. The cooler is mixed with the low-temperature lithium-lead in the second and third branches to cool down, and finally flows into the lithium-lead-heat-conducting oil cooler.

Further, the branch of the lithium lead flowing through the heater, the experimental section and the first-stage mixer is the high temperature section of the experimental loop, and a high temperature resistant material is used as the pipe material, and the high temperature resistant material is a nickel-based alloy, 316h or 310s, The other parts are low temperature sections, and 316L stainless steel is used as the pipe material.

Further, the superconducting magnet adopts liquid helium to cool the coil, so that it maintains superconducting performance and provides a strong magnetic field environment for the experimental section; the superconducting iron has two channels in the horizontal and vertical directions, and the experimental section is placed in the channel. It is used to study the flow and heat transfer characteristics of liquid lithium lead under the coupling action of magnetic field and gravitational field.

Further, the design of the experimental section covers the complex geometric features of the advanced cladding of the fusion reactor, and the complex geometric features include straight channels, parallel multi-channels, sudden expansion/sudden contraction, gradual expansion/contraction, and elbows; The surface of the experimental section is covered with a heating plate to realize one-sided or four-sided circumferential heating, which is used to study the flow and heat transfer characteristics of high Grachev number under large heat sources.

Further, the regenerator is used as a waste heat recovery and utilization device, and adopts a casing type, high temperature lithium lead flows through the tube side, and low temperature lithium lead flows through the shell side; The lithium lead in the inner and outer tubes solidified and blocked the flow channel, preventing the safe operation of the experimental circuit.

Further, the lithium-lead-oil cooler adopts a vertical tube type, the high-temperature lithium-lead flows through the tube side, and the heat-conducting oil flows through the shell side to save the amount of lithium-lead, and after the experiment, the lithium-lead flows smoothly under the action of gravity. The discharge flows into the lithium lead storage tank.

Further, the cold trap adopts a heat exchanger with a built-in wire mesh, which is placed in the bypass downstream of the lithium-lead-heat-conducting oil cooler, and a small amount of high-temperature lithium-lead is introduced from the lithium-lead circuit to flow into the primary side of the cold trap, A small amount of low-temperature heat-conducting oil is introduced from the heat-conducting oil circuit and flows into the secondary side of the cold trap for heat exchange. After the high-temperature lithium lead is cooled, metal and non-metal impurities are precipitated and captured by the wire mesh.

Further, the first, second and third mechanical pumps all adopt the vertical "cantilever + shaft seal" form, which can avoid dry friction between the bearing and the lithium lead, improve the service life, and ensure that the lithium lead will not leak.

Further, the heater is heated by an interpolated rod bundle, and lithium lead flows into the heater and flushes the rod bundle for heat exchange, and the outlet temperature is increased under a large flow rate.

Further, the gas circuit includes an argon cylinder group, a vacuum pump, a pipeline and a valve. Before the experimental loop is operated, the argon cylinder group and the vacuum pump work together, and the lithium-lead pipeline and the air in the equipment are purged through the circuit. Exhaust to prevent the air from reacting with the lithium lead, and then fill the lithium lead storage tank with argon and pressurize the lithium lead from the lithium lead storage tank to fill the entire lithium lead circuit.

Further, a differential pressure transmitter is arranged at the inlet and outlet of the experimental section. Due to the high working temperature of lithium lead, the pressure drop is measured by a drainage cooling method to protect the integrity of the measurement and control instrument.

Further, a liquid level gauge is arranged in the lithium-lead storage tank and the expansion tank, and it is helpful to carry out and stop the experiment in time by judging whether the lithium-lead is filled and emptied of the entire lithium-lead circuit by the liquid level.

Further, a heat tracing system is arranged on the pipelines, heaters, regenerators, mixers, valves and lithium-lead-conducting oil coolers of the lithium-lead circuit, and the heating power is adjusted through the power control cabinet to control the temperature of the pipe wall. It is higher than the melting point of lithium lead to avoid the solidification of lithium lead to block the flow channel and affect the safe operation of the experimental circuit.

Compared with the existing magnetic fluid experimental circuit, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The design temperature, flow rate, magnetic field strength and size of the experimental section of the high-temperature magnetic fluid experimental circuit of the present invention are close to the real working conditions of the advanced cladding of the fusion reactor. In addition, in a high magnetic field environment, the experimental circuit directly uses lithium lead as the circulating working fluid, and there is no need to use liquid metals with high conductivity, such as mercury, lithium, NaK, GaInSn, etc., to replace lithium lead to achieve high Ha number. Therefore, the high-temperature magnetic fluid circuit of the present invention can provide real and reliable experimental data for the design of the fusion reactor cladding.

2. The superconducting magnet used in the high-temperature magnetic fluid experimental circuit of the present invention has experimental section channels in both horizontal and vertical directions, and the surface of the experimental section is covered with a heating plate, which can realize single-sided and circumferential four-sided heating. Therefore, the high-temperature magnetic fluid experimental circuit of the present invention has complete functions, and can study the magnetic fluid characteristics of the advanced cladding of fusion reactors under the coupling of magnetic fields, gravitational fields, thermal fields, flow fields and other multi-physical fields.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the high-temperature magnetic fluid experimental circuit suitable for the research on the advanced cladding of fusion reactors according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a design diagram of the experimental section of the high-temperature magnetic fluid experimental circuit suitable for the research on the advanced cladding of the fusion reactor according to the present invention.

In the picture: 1. Lithium lead circuit; 2. Heat transfer oil circuit; 3. Cooling water circuit; 4. Gas circuit; 5. Argon cylinder group; 6. Vacuum pump; 7. Oil storage tank; 8-1. First machinery pump; 8-2. Second mechanical pump; 8-3. Third mechanical pump; 9. Cold trap; 10. Lithium lead - heat transfer oil cooler; 11. Heat transfer oil - water cooler; 12. Melting tank; 13 . Lithium lead storage tank; 14. Expansion tank; 15. Heater; 16. Superconducting magnet; 17. Experimental section; 18. Primary mixer; 19. Regenerator; 20. Secondary mixer; 21. Cooling column; 22. valve; 23. pipe wall of experimental section; 24-1. first heating plate; 24-2. second heating plate; 24-3. third heating plate; 24-4. fourth heating plate.

Detailed ways

In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the high-temperature magnetic fluid experimental circuit suitable for the research of advanced cladding of fusion reactors of the present invention adopts lithium-lead alloy as the circulating working fluid, including lithium-lead circuit 1, heat transfer oil circuit 2, cooling water circuit 3 and gas circuit 4. Pass through the heater 15, superconducting magnet 16, experimental section 17, primary mixer 18, regenerator 19, secondary mixer 20, lithium lead-conducting oil cooler 10, heat-conducting oil-water cooler 11, Cold trap 9, expansion tank 14, melting tank 12, lithium lead storage tank, first mechanical pump 8-1, second mechanical pump 8-2, third mechanical pump 8-3 and other components are the key science of fusion reactor advanced cladding The problem research provides the necessary experimental conditions.

The lithium-lead circuit 1 includes a heater 15, a superconducting magnet 16, an experimental section 17, a primary mixer 18, a regenerator 19, a lithium-lead-conducting oil cooler 10, a cold trap 9, an expansion tank 14, and a melting tank. 12. Lithium lead storage tank 13 and second mechanical pump 8-2, etc. The heat transfer oil circuit 2 includes a heat transfer oil-water cooler 11, an oil storage tank 7, a first mechanical pump 8-1, a cold trap 9, a heat transfer oil-water cooler 11, and the like. The gas circuit 4 includes an argon cylinder group 5 , a melting tank 12 , an expansion tank 14 and a lithium lead storage tank 13 . The cooling water circuit 3 includes a cooling tower 21 . The lithium-lead circuit 1 is connected to the heat-conducting oil circuit 2 through the lithium-lead-heat-conducting oil cooler 10 , and the heat-conducting oil circuit 2 is connected to the cooling water circuit 3 through the heat-conducting oil-water cooler 11 .

Before the experimental circuit is operated, the argon cylinder group 5 and the vacuum pump 6 work together to discharge the air of the lithium-lead circuit 1 through the circuit purging mode to avoid the reaction between the air and the lithium-lead, and then fill the lithium-lead storage tank 13 with argon. Gas pressure presses lithium lead from the lithium lead storage tank 13 to fill the entire lithium lead circuit.

In the experimental circuit, in order to prevent the reaction between lithium-lead and water, a heat-conducting oil circuit 2 is arranged between the lithium-lead circuit 1 and the cooling water circuit 3, and the liquid lithium-lead is heated in the lithium-lead circuit 1, and the heat is transferred to the heat-conducting oil circuit 2, And the heat transfer oil finally transfers the heat to the cooling water circuit 3 . The lithium-lead circuit 1 is divided into three branches at the outlet of the second mechanical pump 8-2, and the lithium-lead of branch one flows through the heater 15 and the experimental section 17 and then the temperature rises, and then the temperature rises in the first-stage mixer 18. And the secondary mixer 20 is respectively mixed with the low-temperature lithium-lead of the second branch and the third branch to cool down, and finally flows into the lithium-lead-heat-conducting oil cooler 10 . The branch of the lithium lead flowing through the heater 15, the experimental section 17 and the first-stage mixer 18 is the high temperature section of the experimental loop, and the high temperature resistant material is used as the pipe material, such as nickel-based alloy, 316h or 310s, etc., and the other parts are the low temperature section. 316L stainless steel is used as the pipe material. A heat tracing system is arranged on the pipeline and equipment of the lithium lead circuit 1, and the heating power is adjusted through the power control cabinet, thereby controlling the temperature of the pipe wall to be higher than the melting point of lithium lead, so as to prevent the solidification of lithium lead from blocking the flow channel and affecting the safety of the experimental circuit. run.

The first mechanical pump 8-1, the second mechanical pump 8-2, and the third mechanical pump 8-3 all adopt the vertical "cantilever + shaft seal" form, which can avoid dry friction between the bearing and lithium lead, and improve the use of life, and ensure that the lithium lead will not leak.

The cold trap 9 is a heat exchanger with a built-in wire mesh, which is placed in the bypass downstream of the lithium-lead-heat-conducting oil cooler 10, and a small amount of high-temperature lithium-lead is introduced from the lithium-lead circuit 1 and flows into the primary side of the cold trap 9. , A small amount of low-temperature heat-conducting oil is introduced from the heat-conducting oil return 2 and flows into the secondary side of the cold trap 9 for heat exchange. After the high-temperature lithium lead is cooled, metal and non-metal impurities are precipitated and captured by the wire mesh.

The lithium-lead-heat-conducting oil cooler 10 adopts a vertical tubular type, with the high-temperature lithium-lead flowing on the tube side and the heat-conducting oil flowing on the shell side. This design can save the amount of lithium and lead, and after the experiment, the lithium and lead can be smoothly discharged into the lithium-lead storage tank 13 under the action of gravity.

The lithium-lead storage tank 13 and the expansion tank 14 are provided with liquid level gauges, which can determine whether the lithium-lead circuit is filled and emptied by the liquid level, which is helpful to carry out and stop the experiment in time.

The heater 15 is heated by an inserted rod bundle, and lithium lead flows into the heater 15 and scours the rod bundle for heat exchange, so that a higher outlet temperature can be achieved under a large flow rate.

The superconducting magnet 16 uses liquid helium to cool the coil, so that it maintains superconducting performance and provides a strong magnetic field environment for the experimental section. The superconducting magnet 16 has two channels in the horizontal and vertical directions, and the experimental section 17 is placed in the channel to study the flow and heat transfer characteristics of liquid lithium lead under the coupling action of the magnetic field and the gravitational field.

Differential pressure transmitters are arranged at the inlet and outlet of the experimental section 17. Due to the high working temperature of lithium lead, the pressure drop is measured by the method of drainage and cooling to protect the integrity of the measurement and control instrument. The design of the experimental section 17 covers the complex geometric features of the advanced cladding of fusion reactors, including straight channels, parallel multi-channels, sudden expansion/shrinking, gradual expansion/contraction, and elbows, etc. The surface of the experimental section 17 is covered with a heating plate to achieve circumferential heating on one side or four sides, and the flow heat transfer characteristics of high Graschov number under large heat sources can be studied. As shown in FIG. 2 , the first heating plate 24-1, the second heating plate 24-2, the third heating plate 24-3 and the fourth heating plate 24-4 are covered on all four sides of the pipe wall 23 of the experimental section 17 , can independently control the power of each heating plate, realize single-sided or circumferential four-sided heating, and can study the high Hartmann number (Gr) of liquid lithium lead under the coupling of multi-physical fields such as magnetic field, thermal field, gravity field and flow field. Flow and heat transfer characteristics provide real and reliable experimental data for advanced cladding design of fusion reactors.

The regenerator 19 is used as a waste heat recovery and utilization device, which can improve the economy of the lithium-lead circuit 1 and reduce the cost. The regenerator 19 adopts the casing type, the high temperature lithium lead flow tube side, and the low temperature lithium lead flow shell side. Due to its compact structure, the heating wire is wound on the outer tube wall to avoid the lithium lead in the inner tube and the outer tube. Block the flow path and prevent the safe operation of the experimental loop.

The specific process flow of the high-temperature magnetic fluid experimental circuit suitable for the research of the advanced cladding of the fusion reactor of the present invention is as follows:

(1) Before the experiment starts, firstly, the lithium-lead circuit 1 is filled and exhausted by the argon cylinder group 5 and the vacuum pump 6, and the oxygen in the pipeline is removed to prevent it from reacting with the lithium-lead;

(2) The oil storage tank 7 heats the heat-conducting oil, and after its temperature rises above the melting point of lithium lead, the first mechanical pump 8-1 is turned on, and the heat-conducting oil circuit 2 is operated;

(3) Put the lithium-lead working medium into the melting tank 12, and flow into the lithium-lead storage tank 13, then pressurize the lithium-lead storage tank 13 through the argon cylinder group 5, press the lithium-lead into the lithium-lead circuit 1, and expand according to the expansion The liquid level of the tank 14 determines that the lithium-lead has been filled with the entire lithium-lead circuit 1;

(4) Turn on the second mechanical pump 8-2 of the lithium-lead circuit 1, and divide it into three branches at its outlet. After the branch flows through the heater 15, the temperature rises to the experimental condition and enters the superconducting magnet 16 respectively. Experimental section 17 arranged in horizontal and vertical directions;

(5) After the lithium lead flows out of the experimental section 17, it flows through the first-stage mixer 18, the regenerator 19 and the second-stage mixer 20 in turn, and after exchanging heat with the low-temperature lithium-lead in the second and third branches, the lithium The lead-heat transfer oil cooler 10 transfers heat to the heat transfer oil circuit 2;

(6) The cold trap 9 is placed in the bypass downstream of the lithium-lead-heat-conducting oil cooler 10, and a small amount of high-temperature lithium-lead is introduced from the lithium-lead circuit 1 to flow into the primary side of the cold trap 9, and a small amount of low-temperature heat-conducting is introduced from the heat-conducting oil circuit 2. The oil flows into the secondary side of the cold trap 9 for heat exchange. After the high temperature lithium lead is cooled, metal and non-metal impurities are precipitated, and the built-in wire mesh captures them;

(7) The heat-conducting oil flows through the heat-conducting oil-water cooler 11 to transfer heat to the cooling water circuit 3, and after the cooling water is heated up, the temperature is lowered by the cooling tower 21 to complete the closed thermal system cycle;

(8) The lithium lead circuit 1 , the heat transfer oil circuit 2 , the cooling water circuit 3 and the air circuit 4 adjust the flow rate through the valve 22 .

(9) By adjusting the power of the heater 15, the opening of the valve 22 and the frequency of the mechanical pump, liquid lithium lead at different flow rates and temperatures can be obtained at the entrance of the experimental section.

The parts of the present invention that are not described in detail belong to the well-known technology in the art.

Although the foregoing descriptions of illustrative embodiments of the invention have been described in order to facilitate understanding of the invention by those skilled in the art. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those skilled in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope determined by the appended claims and the present invention, these changes will be obvious. All are included in the protection of the present invention.

Claims (15)

1. a high-temperature magnetic fluid experimental circuit applicable to the advanced cladding research of fusion reactor, is characterized in that: adopt lithium-lead alloy as circulating working medium, and described experimental circuit comprises lithium-lead circuit, heat-conducting oil circuit, cooling water circuit and gas wherein, the lithium-lead circuit includes a heater, a superconducting magnet, an experimental section, a first-stage mixer, a regenerator, a lithium-lead-heat-conducting oil cooler, a cold trap, an expansion tank, a melting tank, and a lithium-lead storage tank. and a second mechanical pump, the heat-conducting oil circuit includes a heat-conducting oil-water cooler, an oil storage tank, a first mechanical pump, a cold trap and a heat-conducting oil-water cooler, and the gas circuit includes an argon cylinder group, a melting tank , expansion tank and lithium-lead storage tank; the cooling water circuit includes a cooling tower; the lithium-lead circuit is connected with the heat-conducting oil circuit through the lithium-lead-heat-conducting oil cooler, and the heat-conducting oil circuit is connected with the cooling water through the heat-conducting oil-water cooler loop connection. 2. A high-temperature magnetic fluid experiment circuit suitable for the research of advanced cladding of fusion reactors according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in order to prevent the reaction between lithium-lead and water, in the middle of the lithium-lead circuit and the cooling water circuit The heat transfer oil circuit is arranged, the liquid lithium lead is heated in the lithium lead circuit, and the heat is transferred to the heat transfer oil circuit, and the heat transfer oil finally transfers the heat to the cooling water circuit. 3. A high-temperature magnetic fluid experimental circuit suitable for the research of advanced cladding of fusion reactor according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described lithium-lead circuit is divided into three branches at the outlet of the second mechanical pump, and the branch is divided into three branches. The temperature of the lithium-lead in channel 1 increases after flowing through the heater and the experimental section, and then it is mixed with the low-temperature lithium-lead in the second and third branches in the primary mixer and the secondary mixer respectively to cool down, and finally flows into the lithium-lead- Thermal oil cooler. 4. A high-temperature magnetic fluid experiment circuit suitable for the research of advanced cladding of fusion reactor according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the branch of described lithium lead flowing through heater, experimental section and primary mixer is In the high temperature section of the experimental loop, high temperature resistant material is used as the pipe material. 5. A high-temperature magnetic fluid experimental circuit suitable for the research of advanced cladding of fusion reactors according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described superconducting magnet adopts liquid helium cooling coil to keep superconducting performance, for experiment The section provides a strong magnetic field environment; the superconducting magnet has two channels in the horizontal and vertical directions, and the experimental section is placed in the channel to study the flow and heat transfer characteristics of liquid lithium lead under the coupling action of the magnetic field and the gravitational field. 6. A high-temperature magnetic fluid experiment circuit suitable for the research of advanced cladding of fusion reactors according to claim 1, characterized in that: the design of the experimental section covers the complex geometric features of the advanced cladding of fusion reactors, so The complex geometric features include straight channel, parallel multi-channel, sudden expansion/contraction, gradual expansion/contraction and elbow; the surface of the experimental section is covered with a heating plate to realize single-sided or four-sided circumferential heating, which is used to study large heat sources Flow heat transfer properties for lower high Grashof numbers. 7. A high-temperature magnetic fluid experimental circuit suitable for the research of advanced cladding of fusion reactors according to claim 1, characterized in that: the regenerator is used as a waste heat recovery and utilization device, and adopts a casing type, high-temperature lithium-lead flow Through the tube side, the low temperature lithium lead flows through the shell side; the heating wire is wound on the outer tube wall of the regenerator to prevent the lithium lead in the inner tube and the outer tube from solidifying and blocking the flow channel, hindering the safe operation of the experimental circuit. 8. A high-temperature magnetic fluid experimental circuit suitable for the research of advanced cladding of fusion reactors according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lithium-lead-oil cooler adopts a vertical tubular type, and the high-temperature lithium-lead flows through the tubes The heat transfer oil flows through the shell side to save the amount of lithium lead, and after the experiment, the lithium lead is smoothly discharged into the lithium lead storage tank under the action of gravity. 9. A high-temperature magnetic fluid experimental circuit suitable for the research of advanced cladding of fusion reactors according to claim 2, characterized in that: the cold trap adopts a heat exchanger with a built-in wire mesh, and is placed in a lithium-lead-heat-conducting heat exchanger. In the bypass downstream of the oil cooler, a small amount of high-temperature lithium lead is introduced from the lithium-lead circuit to flow into the primary side of the cold trap, and a small amount of low-temperature heat-conducting oil is introduced from the heat-conducting oil circuit into the secondary side of the cold trap for heat exchange. After the lead cools down, metallic and non-metallic impurities are precipitated and captured by the wire mesh. 10. A high-temperature magnetic fluid experiment circuit suitable for advanced cladding research of fusion reactors according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first, second and third mechanical pumps all use vertical "cantilever + "Shaft seal" form is used to avoid dry friction between the bearing and the lithium lead, improve the service life, and ensure that the lithium lead will not leak. 11. A high-temperature magnetic fluid experiment loop suitable for advanced cladding research of fusion reactors according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heater is heated by an interpolated rod bundle, and lithium lead flows into the heater and washes the The rod bundles perform heat exchange and increase the outlet temperature at high flow rates. 12. A high-temperature magnetic fluid experimental circuit suitable for the research of advanced cladding of fusion reactors according to claim 1, characterized in that: before the experimental circuit is operated, the argon cylinder group and the vacuum pump work together, blowing through the circuit The air in the lithium-lead pipeline and the equipment is exhausted by sweeping to prevent the air from reacting with the lithium-lead. Then, the lithium-lead storage tank is filled with argon and pressurized to press the lithium-lead from the lithium-lead storage tank to fill the entire lithium-lead circuit. . 13. A high-temperature magnetic fluid experiment loop suitable for research on advanced cladding of fusion reactors according to claim 1, characterized in that: differential pressure transmitters are arranged at the inlet and outlet of the experimental section, due to the high working temperature of lithium lead , using the drainage cooling method to measure the pressure drop to protect the integrity of the measurement and control instrument. 14. A high-temperature magnetic fluid experiment circuit suitable for advanced cladding research of fusion reactors according to claim 1, characterized in that: a liquid level gauge is arranged in the lithium storage lead tank and the expansion tank, and the It is helpful to start and stop experiments in a timely manner by judging whether the lithium-lead has filled and emptied the entire lithium-lead circuit. 15. A high-temperature magnetic fluid experiment circuit suitable for advanced cladding research of fusion reactors according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pipeline, heater, regenerator, primary mixer, A heat tracing system is arranged on the valve and the lithium-lead-conducting oil cooler. The heating power is adjusted through the power control cabinet, and the temperature of the pipe wall is controlled to be higher than the melting point of the lithium-lead, so as to avoid the solidification of the lithium-lead and block the flow path and affect the safe operation of the experimental circuit. .

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