CN115174022B - Pilot frequency distribution method, device, equipment and storage medium - Google Patents
Pilot frequency distribution method, device, equipment and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
- H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
- H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
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- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
- H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
- H04W72/0453—Resources in frequency domain, e.g. a carrier in FDMA
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
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- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The embodiment of the application provides a pilot frequency distribution method, a device, equipment and a storage medium, and relates to the technical field of communication. The method comprises the following steps: determining user equipment needing pilot frequency allocation and pilot frequency to be allocated in a communication system; determining a preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme based on user equipment needing pilot frequency distribution and pilot frequency to be distributed; and optimizing the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme based on the first channel estimation results of all the user equipment in the communication system and the second channel estimation results of the user equipment with the worst performance under the condition of no pilot frequency pollution, so as to obtain the optimal pilot frequency distribution scheme. The scheme of the embodiment of the application ensures the performance of worst user equipment while improving the overall performance of the system, and can also relieve the pilot pollution influence of a large-scale antenna system.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a pilot allocation method, apparatus, device, and computer readable storage medium.
Background
In a large-scale antenna wireless communication system, a large number of antennas are used at a base station end, and a plurality of UE users are served by using the same time-frequency resource, so that the interference of a transmission channel can be reduced, the influence of noise on the system performance is reduced, and the communication quality is greatly improved. While achieving the above advantages, a problem with large-scale antenna systems is that when a pilot multiplexing scheme is employed between multiple UE users, their performance will be limited by pilot pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a pilot frequency distribution method, a device, equipment and a computer readable storage medium, which aim to solve at least one technical problem in the prior art.
According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided a pilot allocation method, including:
determining user equipment needing pilot frequency allocation and pilot frequency to be allocated in a communication system;
determining a preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme based on user equipment needing pilot frequency distribution and pilot frequency to be distributed;
and optimizing the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme based on the first channel estimation results of all the user equipment in the communication system and the second channel estimation results of the user equipment with the worst performance under the condition of no pilot frequency pollution, so as to obtain an optimal pilot frequency distribution scheme.
In one possible implementation, the optimal pilot allocation scheme is obtained by:
optimizing the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme through a first objective function and a second objective function for measuring channel estimation performance to obtain an optimal pilot frequency distribution scheme;
wherein the first objective function for measuring channel estimation performance is determined based on first channel estimation results of all user equipments in the communication system;
A second objective function for measuring channel estimation performance is determined based on a second channel estimation result of the worst performing user equipment without pilot pollution.
In another possible implementation, the process of optimizing the preliminary pilot allocation scheme includes:
optimizing a first pilot frequency distribution scheme in the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme through the first objective function and the second objective function to obtain a first result and a second result;
optimizing a second pilot frequency distribution scheme in the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme through the first objective function and the second objective function to obtain a third result and a fourth result;
comparing the third result with the first result and the fourth result with the second result;
repeating the steps of optimizing a second pilot frequency distribution scheme in the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme through the first objective function and the second objective function, and comparing corresponding optimization results with the first result and the second result respectively until other pilot frequency distribution schemes except the first pilot frequency distribution scheme in the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme are traversed to obtain an optimal pilot frequency distribution scheme;
If the third result is greater than the first result and the fourth result is greater than the second result, the third result is assigned to the first result, and the fourth result is assigned to the second result; otherwise, directly repeating the step of optimizing;
the first pilot allocation scheme is any one of the preliminary pilot allocation schemes, and the second pilot allocation scheme is any one of the other pilot allocation schemes.
In another possible implementation manner, if the range of the arrival angle of the interfering user equipment using the same pilot as the desired user equipment is not overlapped with the range of the arrival angle of the desired user equipment at all, the method further includes:
calculating a first angle difference between the arrival angle of each interference user and the arrival angle of the expected user equipment in the interference user equipment corresponding to each expected user equipment;
and determining the first objective function according to the sum of the first angle differences corresponding to all the expected user equipment.
In another possible implementation manner, if the range of the arrival angle of the interfering user equipment using the same pilot as the desired user equipment is not overlapped with the range of the arrival angle of the desired user equipment at all, the method further includes:
Calculating a second angle difference between the angle of arrival of each interfering user equipment and the angle of arrival of the desired user equipment;
and determining the user equipment with the worst performance under the condition of no pilot pollution according to the sum of the second angle differences corresponding to each expected user equipment.
In another possible implementation manner, determining the user equipment with the worst performance under the condition of no pilot pollution according to the sum of the second angle differences corresponding to each expected user equipment includes:
and determining the expected user equipment corresponding to the minimum value in the sum of the second angle differences as the user equipment with the worst performance under the condition of no pilot pollution.
According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided a pilot allocation apparatus, including:
a determining module, configured to determine a user equipment needing pilot allocation and a pilot to be allocated in the communication system; the method is also used for determining a preliminary pilot frequency allocation scheme based on the user equipment needing pilot frequency allocation and the pilot frequency to be allocated;
and the optimizing module is used for optimizing the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme based on the first channel estimation results of all the user equipment in the communication system and the second channel estimation result of the user equipment with the worst performance under the condition of no pilot frequency pollution so as to obtain an optimal pilot frequency distribution scheme.
In yet another embodiment, the optimization module is specifically configured to: optimizing the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme through a first objective function and a second objective function for measuring channel estimation performance to obtain an optimal pilot frequency distribution scheme;
wherein the first objective function for measuring channel estimation performance is determined based on first channel estimation results of all user equipments in the communication system; a second objective function for measuring channel estimation performance is determined based on the channel estimation result of the worst performing user equipment without pilot pollution.
According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided an electronic apparatus including: a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory, the processor executing the computer program to perform the steps of the pilot allocation method shown in the first aspect.
According to a further aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided a computer readable storage medium, which when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the pilot allocation method shown in the first aspect.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application has the beneficial effects that:
the initial pilot frequency distribution scheme is optimized based on the first channel estimation results of all user equipment in the communication system and the second channel estimation results of the user equipment with worst performance under the condition of no pilot frequency pollution, and the obtained optimal pilot frequency distribution scheme meets the overall system performance requirement and the worst user equipment performance requirement, so that the scheme of the embodiment of the application ensures the performance of the worst user equipment while improving the overall system performance, and can also relieve the pilot frequency pollution influence of a large-scale antenna system.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system implementing a pilot allocation method according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the angle of arrival of signal transmission under the influence of a scatterer in the communication system shown in FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of a pilot allocation method according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of a pilot allocation method according to another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of a pilot allocation method according to another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a pilot frequency allocation device according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application are described below with reference to the drawings in the present application. It should be understood that the embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary descriptions for explaining the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application are not limited.
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the embodiments of the present application will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the prior art, in order to mitigate the influence of pilot pollution, the overall performance of the communication system is generally considered, fairness of the user equipment is not considered, and the performance of the user equipment with the worst performance in the system is ignored, so that the user equipment is allocated with the pilot with serious pollution.
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the embodiment of the application provides a pilot frequency distribution method, a device, equipment and a computer readable storage medium. The pilot frequency distribution scheme provided by the embodiment of the application can ensure the performance of the worst user equipment while improving the overall performance of the system, and is a pilot frequency distribution scheme considering fairness among the user equipment.
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application and technical effects produced by the technical solutions of the present application are described below by describing several exemplary embodiments. It should be noted that the following embodiments may be referred to, or combined with each other, and the description will not be repeated for the same terms, similar features, similar implementation steps, and the like in different embodiments.
First, an application scenario of a pilot allocation method provided by an embodiment of the present application is described in detail with reference to fig. 1 and 2.
Fig. 1 is a large-scale MIMO communication system implementing a pilot allocation method according to an embodiment of the present application. Consider a massive MIMO cellular communication system with a number of cells L, each cell having 1 base station, the number of antennas of the base station being M, each cell having K user equipments UE, the number of antennas of the UE being 1. The UEs are randomly distributed within the cell range, and the base station is located at the center of each cell. The communication process of the large-scale MIMO system adopts a time division duplex protocol.
The following multipath channel model is used in the embodiment of the application:
wherein g lkj For the mx 1-dimensional channel vector from the kth UE to the jth base station in the ith cell, P is the number of scatterers on the UE side,angle of the p-th path, which is the angle of arrival of the signalDegree, θ ε [0,2 pi ]]. a (θ) is an antenna steering vector, as shown in equation (2):
wherein D is the antenna spacing, the base station antennas are uniformly distributed arrays, θ is the angle of arrival angle, and λ is the wavelength of the signal.For the channel coefficient of the p-th path, obey the standard deviation beta of 0 lkj Is a complex gaussian distribution of (c). Beta lkj For large scale fading coefficients:
wherein d lkj For the spatial distance of the UE to the base station antenna, γ is the path loss coefficient, α is:
wherein, gamma SNR is the signal-to-noise power ratio of the cell edge, R is the cell radius, Is the noise power.
Next, an uplink training phase is described.
Let the number of available pilot sequences be τ (τ. Gtoreq.K), i.e. pilot set S= [ S 1 s 2 ...s τ ]There are tau pilot sequences of length tau that are mutually orthogonal. I.e.
That is, S is a pilot sequence matrix of τχτ dimension.
In the uplink training phase, all UEs in the system send their corresponding pilot sequences to the base station. The pilot signal received by the jth cell base station is:
wherein P is ρ For pilot transmit power s lk G is the pilot signal corresponding to the kth UE in the ith cell lkj And the uplink channel vector corresponding to the kth UE in the ith cell. N (N) j For M x tau-dimensional Gaussian white noise matrix, the elements in the matrix obey 0 mean value and standard deviation is sigma n Is a complex gaussian distribution of (c).
Channel estimation is carried out by using a minimum mean square error estimation method, and the channel estimation result is as follows:
wherein,for noise power, τ is the length of the pilot sequence.n j ＝vec(N j )，I M Is the identity matrix, s is a pilot sequence corresponding to the kth UE in the first cell, vec (N j ) Representation pair N j Vectorizing the obtained n j Consistent with the previous accumulation term, an addition operation may be performed, such as: n (N) j Matrix of M rows and τ columns, then n j A matrix of M x tau rows by 1 columns.
R lkj Channel co-ordinator for kth UE to jth cell base station in the ith cellThe difference matrix is represented as follows:
R lkj ＝β lkj ∫p(θ lkj )a(θ lkj )a H (θ lkj )dθ lkj (8)
wherein p (θ) lkj ) The probability density function of the arrival angle of the UE is satisfied with uniform distribution.
When all UEs ideally use orthogonal pilots, i.e. pilot pollution is completely eliminated, the channel estimation results are as follows:
next, the operation processing in the uplink data signal transmission stage will be described.
And in the uplink data signal transmission stage, the UE of all cells transmits the corresponding data signals to the base station. The data signal received by the jth base station is as follows:
wherein P is u Average power, x, of transmitting data signals for UE lk Representing the data signal sent by the kth UE in the ith cell, satisfying E { |x lk | 2 }＝1。For an Mx1-dimensional Gaussian white noise vector, the element compliance in the vector is expected to be 0, and the standard deviation is sigma n Is a complex gaussian distribution of (c). Where E { A } represents the desire for A.
And the base station detects the expected data signal after receiving the data signal. The detection result of the data signal transmitted by the kth UE in the jth cell may be expressed as:
wherein a is jk For the detection matrix of the kth UE in the jth cell, a zero-forcing (ZF) detection method is used, and the detection matrix is designed as follows:
That is, the detection result of the data signal transmitted by the kth UE in the jth cell includes: the detection result of the data signal transmitted by the kth UE in the jth cell, the detection result of the data signal transmitted by other UEs in the jth cell, the detection result of the data signal transmitted by all UEs in other cells except the jth cell, and the detection result of the data signal noise.
Next, an objective function is designed.
In an actual communication scenario, due to the presence of scatterers around the UE, uplink signal transmission may be affected by scattering by scatterers formed by buildings around the base station. A circular channel can be modeled for such a communication environment. Consider that UE is centered, a radius r is formed due to scattering by a scatterer s As shown in fig. 2.
And->The minimum value and the maximum value of the arrival angles of the signals sent by the kth UE in the ith cell to the jth cell base station are respectively:
wherein,and->The abscissa and ordinate of the kth UE in the ith cell, +.>And->The abscissa and ordinate of the jth cell base station, respectively. The arrival angle is->UE-corresponding channel vector g of (2) lkj 。
Theorem: range of angles of arrival for L-1 interfering UEs using the same pilot sequence as the intended UE Range of angle of arrival from the desired UE>When not strictly overlapped, there are:
that is, if the range of each interfering UE arrival angle using the same pilot sequence as the desired UE does not overlap at all with the range of the desired UE arrival angle, for example: when the number of antennas of a base station of a cell where the UE is expected to be located tends to infinity under the condition that the range of an arrival angle of one interfering UE is [ 50 °,90 ° ], and the range of an expected UE arrival angle is [ 10 °,30 °, the channel estimation result of the expected UE may be the channel estimation result when all UEs use orthogonal pilots under ideal conditions, that is, when pilot pollution is completely eliminated.
From the above theorem, two objective functions for measuring channel estimation performance are designed in the embodiment of the present application, as follows:
wherein equation (16) is an objective function that measures overall system performance, and equation (17) is an objective function that measures worst user performance of the system.The arrival angle from the kth UE to the jth base station in the ith cell may be specifically:
θ mid ＝(θ min +θ max )/2 (18)
next, a detailed description will be given of a technical solution of a pilot allocation method according to an embodiment of the present application with reference to fig. 3 to 5.
Fig. 3 is a method for allocating pilot frequencies according to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 3, where the method includes:
S101, determining the user equipment needing pilot frequency allocation and pilot frequency to be allocated in the communication system.
S102, determining a preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme based on the user equipment needing pilot frequency distribution and the pilot frequency to be distributed.
S103, optimizing a preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme based on the first channel estimation results of all user equipment in the communication system and the second channel estimation results of the user equipment with the worst performance under the condition of no pilot frequency pollution, and obtaining an optimal pilot frequency distribution scheme.
In this embodiment, S102 may specifically include: based on multiplexing pilot frequencies to be allocated in different cells, user equipment in the same cell adopts pilot frequency allocation principles of different pilot frequencies (the pilot frequency is a sequence, and the pilot frequency sequence are the same concept) to randomly allocate the pilot frequencies, so as to obtain a preliminary pilot frequency allocation scheme. In the preliminary pilot frequency allocation scheme, each user is allocated with a pilot frequency sequence, user equipment in the same cell uses different pilot frequency sequences, and user equipment among different cells uses the same pilot frequency sequence.
For example: there are 5 cells (A, B, C, D, E) with 10 UEs in each cell and 10 available pilot sequences, then cell A, B, C, D, E can multiplex 10 pilot sequences and randomly allocate 10 pilot sequences to 10 UEs in each cell, thereby obtaining a preliminary pilot allocation scheme.
According to the method, based on the first channel estimation results of all the user equipment in the communication system and the second channel estimation results of the user equipment with the worst performance under the condition of no pilot pollution, the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme is optimized, and the obtained optimal pilot frequency distribution scheme meets the overall system performance requirement and the worst user equipment performance requirement, so that the scheme of the embodiment of the application ensures the performance of the worst user equipment while improving the overall system performance, and can also relieve the pilot frequency pollution influence of a large-scale antenna system.
In one possible implementation manner provided in the embodiment of the present application, step 103 may specifically include: and optimizing the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme through a first objective function and a second objective function for measuring the channel estimation performance to obtain an optimal pilot frequency distribution scheme.
Wherein the first objective function for measuring channel estimation performance is determined based on first channel estimation results of all user equipments in the communication system. A second objective function for measuring channel estimation performance is determined based on a second channel estimation result of the worst performing user equipment without pilot pollution.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the process of optimizing the preliminary pilot allocation scheme includes:
and optimizing a first pilot frequency distribution scheme in the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme through the first objective function and the second objective function to obtain a first result and a second result.
And optimizing a second pilot frequency distribution scheme in the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme through the first objective function and the second objective function to obtain a third result and a fourth result.
The third result is compared to the first result and the fourth result is compared to the second result.
And repeatedly executing the steps of optimizing the second pilot frequency distribution scheme in the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme through the first objective function and the second objective function, and comparing the corresponding optimization result with the first result and the second result respectively until other pilot frequency distribution schemes except the first pilot frequency distribution scheme in the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme are traversed, so as to obtain the optimal pilot frequency distribution scheme.
If the third result is greater than the first result and the fourth result is greater than the second result, the third result is assigned to the first result, and the fourth result is assigned to the second result; otherwise, the step of performing the optimization is directly repeated. The first pilot allocation scheme is any one of the preliminary pilot allocation schemes, and the second pilot allocation scheme is any one of the other pilot allocation schemes.
In this embodiment, any one of the preliminary pilot allocation schemes (which may be referred to as a first pilot allocation scheme) may be optimized by a first objective function and a second objective function to obtain a first result and a second result, and any one of the other pilot allocation schemes (which may be referred to as a second pilot allocation scheme) other than the first pilot allocation scheme in the preliminary pilot allocation scheme may be optimized by the first objective function and the second objective function to obtain a third result and a fourth result.
And then comparing the obtained third result with the first result, and comparing the fourth result with the second result, if the third result is larger than the first result and the fourth result is larger than the second result, assigning the third result to the first result and assigning the fourth result to the second result. And repeatedly executing the steps of optimizing the second pilot frequency distribution scheme in the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme through the first objective function and the second objective function, and comparing the corresponding optimization result with the first result and the second result respectively until other pilot frequency distribution schemes except the first pilot frequency distribution scheme in the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme are traversed, so as to obtain the optimal pilot frequency distribution scheme.
If one of the following situations occurs, the step of performing optimization is directly repeated until other pilot frequency distribution schemes except the first pilot frequency distribution scheme in the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme are traversed, so that an optimal pilot frequency distribution scheme is obtained.
Case 1: if the third result is less than or equal to the first result;
case 2: if the fourth result is less than or equal to the second result;
case 3: if the third result is less than or equal to the first result and the fourth result is less than or equal to the second result.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the specific form of the first objective function may refer to the above formula 16, and the specific form of the second objective function may refer to the above formula 17.
The embodiment of the application provides a possible implementation manner, if the range of the arrival angle of the interference user equipment using the same pilot frequency with the expected user equipment is not overlapped with the range of the arrival angle of the expected user equipment, the method further comprises:
and calculating a first angle difference between the arrival angle of each interference user and the arrival angle of the expected user equipment in the interference user equipment corresponding to each expected user equipment.
And determining a first objective function according to the sum of the first angle differences corresponding to all the expected user equipment.
Specifically, in this embodiment, in the case where the range of the arrival angle of each interfering UE using the same pilot sequence as the desired UE is not overlapped with the range of the arrival angle of the desired UE at all, the objective function for measuring the overall performance of the system may be determined based on the sum of angle differences of the arrival angles of all the desired UE and the interfering UE.
For example: assume that there are 3 cells (1, 2, 3), 4 UEs in each cell, for example: the UEs in cell 1 are denoted as A1, B1, C1, D1, respectively; the UEs in cell 2 are denoted as A2, B2, C2, D2, respectively; the UEs in cell 3 are denoted A3, B3, C3, D3, respectively.
If the cell 1 is a desired cell, the cells 2 and 3 are interference cells, and if the cell A1 is a desired UE, 2 UEs having the same pilot sequence as the cell A1 are interference UEs, and the range of the arrival angle of each UE in the 2 UEs is completely not overlapped with the range of the arrival angle of the cell A1. In this case, an angle difference between each UE arrival angle of the 2 UEs and the A1 arrival angle is calculated.
When the other 3 UEs in the cell 1 are sequentially used as the expected UEs, the angle difference between the arrival angle of each UE in the 2 interference UEs corresponding to each expected UE and the arrival angle of the expected UE can be obtained. Then, respectively taking the cells 2 and 3 as expected cells, taking the UE in the cells as expected UE respectively, obtaining the angle difference between the arrival angle of each UE in 2 interference UEs corresponding to each UE and the arrival angle of the expected UE, and finally summing the obtained 24 angle differences to measure the overall performance of the system. The sum of angle differences between the arrival angles of all the desired UEs and the interfering UEs can be calculated by the above formula (16).
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a pilot allocation method according to another embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 4, if the range of the arrival angle of the interfering user equipment using the same pilot as the desired user equipment does not overlap with the range of the arrival angle of the desired user equipment at all, the method may further include, before S103:
s100a, calculating a second angle difference between the arrival angle of each interference user equipment and the arrival angle of the expected user equipment.
And S100b, determining the user equipment with the worst performance under the condition of no pilot pollution according to the sum of the second angle differences corresponding to each expected user equipment.
Specifically, in this embodiment, in the case that the range of the arrival angle of each interference UE using the same pilot sequence with the expected UE does not overlap with the range of the arrival angle of the expected UE at all, the UE with the worst performance in the communication system may be determined based on the sum of the angle differences between the arrival angle of each interference UE and the arrival angle of the expected UE in all the interference UEs corresponding to each expected user equipment.
In one possible implementation manner provided in the embodiment of the present application, S100b may specifically include:
and determining the expected user equipment corresponding to the minimum value in the sum of the second angle differences as the user equipment with the worst performance under the condition of no pilot pollution.
Specifically, in this embodiment, it is assumed that there are 5 cells (A, B, C, D, E), and there are 10 UEs in each cell, for example: the UEs in cell a are denoted as A1, A2, … … a10, respectively; in cell B, UEs are denoted B1, B2, … … B10, respectively; similarly, the UE in the cell C, D, E is recorded separately.
If A1 is a desired UE, there are 5 UEs among the other 49 UEs having the same pilot sequence as A1 as interfering UEs, and the range of the arrival angle of each UE in the 5 UEs is completely non-overlapping with the range of the arrival angle of A1. In this case, the sum of the angle differences between the angle of arrival of each of the 5 UEs and the angle of arrival A1 is calculated.
When the other 49 UEs are sequentially used as the expected UEs, the sum of the angle differences between the arrival angle of each UE and the arrival angle of the expected UE in the 5 interference UEs corresponding to each expected UE can be obtained. Then, one UE corresponding to the minimum value is selected from the sum of the 50 angle differences, namely, one UE with the largest interference is selected from the 50 UEs to be used as the UE with the worst performance. Wherein the sum of the angle differences between the angle of arrival of each of the 5 interfering UEs and the desired UE angle of arrival can be calculated using equation (17) above.
That is, in this embodiment, when the sum of the angle differences between the arrival angle of the interfering UE using the same pilot sequence as the desired UE and the arrival angle of the desired UE satisfies the condition shown in the above formula (17), it is possible to determine the UE having the worst performance in the communication system.
The following describes in detail a technical solution of a pilot allocation method according to an embodiment of the present application with reference to fig. 5. The method as shown in fig. 5 comprises the following steps:
s201, determining a preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme based on the determined user equipment needing pilot frequency distribution and pilot frequency to be distributed.
Specifically, in this embodiment, pilot allocation may be performed in a random allocation manner, so as to obtain a preliminary pilot allocation scheme. For example: there are 100 preliminary pilot allocation schemes.
S202, optimizing a first pilot frequency distribution scheme in the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme through a first objective function and a second objective function to obtain a first result I_rand and a second result I_rand_min.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the first objective function and the second objective function for measuring the channel estimation performance may be optimized for any one of the 100 initial pilot allocation schemes (for example, the 1 st pilot allocation scheme), to obtain i_rand and i_rand_min.
S203, optimizing a second pilot frequency distribution scheme in the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme through the first objective function and the second objective function to obtain a third result I_enum and a fourth result I_enum_min.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the first objective function and the second objective function for measuring the channel estimation performance may be optimized for any one of the 99 other than the 1 st pilot allocation scheme (for example, the 2 nd pilot allocation scheme) in the 100 initial pilot allocation schemes, so as to obtain i_enum and i_enum_min.
S204, judging that I_enum > I_rand and I_enum_min > I_rand_min, if yes, executing S205; if not, S203 is performed.
S205, assigning I_enum to I_rand and I_enum_min to I_rand_min.
S206, judging whether the initial pilot frequency distribution scheme is traversed, if so, executing S207; if not, S203 is executed.
S207, outputting a pilot frequency distribution scheme corresponding to I_enum > I_rand and I_enum_min > I_rand_min. The pilot frequency distribution scheme ensures the overall performance of the system and the performance of the worst user in the system.
Specifically, in this embodiment, i_enum and i_rand may be compared, i_enum_min and i_rand_min may be compared, if i_enum > i_rand and i_enum_min > i_rand_min, it is indicated that the current pilot allocation scheme guarantees both the overall performance of the system and the performance of the worst user in the system, i_enum is reserved and assigned to i_rand and i_enum_min is assigned to i_rand_min, and then steps S203 to S205 are repeatedly performed until other 99 pilot allocation schemes except the 1 st pilot allocation scheme among 100 initial pilot allocation schemes are traversed, so as to obtain and output an optimal pilot allocation scheme.
That is, the embodiment of the application provides a pilot frequency distribution scheme considering the fairness of users, and provides two objective functions for measuring the performance of the system. Firstly, all users in a cell are subjected to random pilot frequency distribution to obtain a preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme, then the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme is traversed by utilizing the two proposed objective functions, iterative screening is carried out, and finally, the pilot frequency distribution scheme which meets the overall system performance requirement and the worst user performance requirement is obtained.
In summary, according to the pilot frequency distribution scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme is optimized through the first channel estimation results of all user equipment in the communication system and the second channel estimation results of the user equipment with the worst performance under the condition of no pilot frequency pollution, so as to obtain the optimal pilot frequency distribution scheme. Because the optimal pilot frequency distribution scheme meets the overall system performance requirement and the worst user equipment performance requirement, the scheme of the embodiment of the application improves the overall system performance, ensures the performance of the worst user equipment and can also relieve the pilot frequency pollution influence of a large-scale antenna system.
The embodiment of the application also provides a pilot frequency distribution device, as shown in fig. 6, which may include: a determination module 301 and an optimization module 302, wherein,
The determining module 301 is configured to determine a user equipment needing pilot allocation and a pilot to be allocated in the communication system; and the method is also used for determining a preliminary pilot frequency allocation scheme based on the user equipment needing pilot frequency allocation and the pilot frequency to be allocated.
The optimizing module 302 is configured to optimize the preliminary pilot allocation scheme based on the channel estimation result of the ue with the worst performance under the condition of no pilot pollution, so as to obtain an optimal pilot allocation scheme
Further, the optimization module 302 is specifically configured to: optimizing the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme through a first objective function and a second objective function for measuring channel estimation performance to obtain an optimal pilot frequency distribution scheme;
wherein the first objective function for measuring channel estimation performance is determined based on first channel estimation results of all user equipments in the communication system; a second objective function for measuring channel estimation performance is determined based on a second channel estimation result of the worst performing user equipment without pilot pollution.
Further, the optimizing module 302 is specifically configured to, when optimizing the preliminary pilot allocation scheme: optimizing a first pilot frequency distribution scheme in the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme through a first objective function and a second objective function to obtain a first result and a second result;
Optimizing a second pilot frequency distribution scheme in the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme through the first objective function and the second objective function to obtain a third result and a fourth result; comparing the third result with the first result and comparing the fourth result with the second result;
repeatedly executing the steps of optimizing the second pilot frequency distribution scheme in the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme through the first objective function and the second objective function, and comparing the corresponding optimization results with the first result and the second result respectively until other pilot frequency distribution schemes except the first pilot frequency distribution scheme in the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme are traversed to obtain an optimal pilot frequency distribution scheme;
if the third result is greater than the first result and the fourth result is greater than the second result, the third result is assigned to the first result, and the fourth result is assigned to the second result; otherwise, directly repeating the step of optimizing; the first pilot allocation scheme is any one of the preliminary pilot allocation schemes, and the second pilot allocation scheme is any one of the other pilot allocation schemes.
Further, if the range of the arrival angle of the interfering ue using the same pilot as the desired ue does not overlap with the range of the arrival angle of the desired ue, the determining module 301 is further configured to: calculating a first angle difference between the arrival angle of each interference user and the arrival angle of the expected user equipment in the interference user equipment corresponding to each expected user equipment; and determining a first objective function according to the sum of the first angle differences corresponding to all the expected user equipment.
Further, if the range of the arrival angle of the interfering user equipment using the same pilot frequency as the desired user equipment does not overlap with the range of the arrival angle of the desired user equipment, the determining module is further configured to: calculating a second angle difference between the angle of arrival of each interfering user equipment and the angle of arrival of the desired user equipment; and determining the user equipment with the worst performance under the condition of no pilot pollution according to the sum of the second angle differences corresponding to each expected user equipment.
Further, the determining module 301 is specifically configured to, when determining, according to the sum of the second angle differences corresponding to each desired ue, the ue with the worst performance without pilot pollution: and determining the expected user equipment corresponding to the minimum value in the sum of the second angle differences as the user equipment with the worst performance under the condition of no pilot pollution.
The device of the embodiment of the present application may perform the method provided by the embodiment of the present application, and its implementation principle and effects are similar to those of the method provided by the embodiment of the present application, and actions performed by each module in the device of the embodiment of the present application correspond to steps in the method of the embodiment of the present application, and detailed functional descriptions of each module of the device may be referred to the descriptions in the corresponding methods shown in the foregoing, which are not repeated herein.
The embodiment of the application provides an electronic device, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to realize the steps of the calibration method provided by the embodiment of the application, and compared with the prior art, the method can realize the steps of the calibration method provided by the embodiment of the application: the initial pilot frequency distribution scheme is optimized based on the first channel estimation results of all user equipment in the communication system and the second channel estimation results of the user equipment with worst performance under the condition of no pilot frequency pollution, and the obtained optimal pilot frequency distribution scheme meets the overall system performance requirement and the worst user equipment performance requirement, so that the scheme of the embodiment of the application ensures the performance of the worst user equipment while improving the overall system performance, and can also relieve the pilot frequency pollution influence of a large-scale antenna system.
In an alternative embodiment, an electronic device is provided, as shown in fig. 7, the electronic device 400 shown in fig. 7 includes: a processor 401 and a memory 403. Processor 401 is connected to memory 403, such as via bus 402.
The processor 401 may be a CPU (Central Processing Unit ), general purpose processor, DSP (Digital Signal Processor, data signal processor), ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit ), FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array, field programmable gate array) or other programmable logic device, transistor logic device, hardware components, or any combination thereof. Which may implement or perform the various exemplary logic blocks, modules and circuits described in connection with this disclosure. Processor 401 may also be a combination that implements computing functionality, such as a combination comprising one or more microprocessors, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, or the like.
Bus 402 may include a path to transfer information between the components. Bus 402 may be a PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect, peripheral component interconnect standard) bus or EISA (Extended Industry Standard Architecture ) bus, among others. Bus 402 may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like. For ease of illustration, only one thick line is shown in fig. 7, but not only one bus or one type of bus.
The Memory 403 may be a ROM (Read Only Memory) or other type of static storage device that can store static information and instructions, a RAM (Random Access Memory ) or other type of dynamic storage device that can store information and instructions, an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory ), a CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read Only Memory, compact disc Read Only Memory) or other optical disk storage, optical disk storage (including compact discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs, blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disk storage media, other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store a computer program and that can be Read by a computer, without limitation.
The memory 403 is used to store a computer program for executing an embodiment of the present application and is controlled to be executed by the processor 401. The processor 401 is arranged to execute a computer program stored in the memory 403 for carrying out the steps shown in the previous method embodiments.
Embodiments of the present application provide a computer readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the foregoing method embodiments and corresponding content.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the division of the units is schematic, which is merely a logic function division, and other division manners may be implemented in actual practice. In addition, each functional unit in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit. The integrated units may be implemented in hardware or in software functional units.
The integrated units, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as stand-alone products, may be stored in a processor-readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present application may be embodied in essence or a part contributing to the prior art or all or part of the technical solution in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, including several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) or a processor (processor) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, or other various media capable of storing program codes.
It should be understood that, although various operation steps are indicated by arrows in the flowcharts of the embodiments of the present application, the order in which these steps are implemented is not limited to the order indicated by the arrows. In some implementations of embodiments of the application, the implementation steps in the flowcharts may be performed in other orders as desired, unless explicitly stated herein. Furthermore, some or all of the steps in the flowcharts may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages based on the actual implementation scenario. Some or all of these sub-steps or phases may be performed at the same time, or each of these sub-steps or phases may be performed at different times, respectively. In the case of different execution time, the execution sequence of the sub-steps or stages can be flexibly configured according to the requirement, which is not limited by the embodiment of the present application.
The foregoing is merely an optional implementation manner of some of the implementation scenarios of the present application, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, other similar implementation manners based on the technical ideas of the present application are adopted without departing from the technical ideas of the scheme of the present application, and the implementation manner is also within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. A pilot allocation method, comprising:
determining user equipment needing pilot frequency allocation and pilot frequency to be allocated in a communication system;
determining a preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme based on user equipment needing pilot frequency distribution and pilot frequency to be distributed;
optimizing the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme based on the first channel estimation results of all user equipment in the communication system and the second channel estimation results of the user equipment with the worst performance under the condition of no pilot frequency pollution to obtain an optimal pilot frequency distribution scheme;
wherein, the optimal pilot frequency distribution scheme is obtained through the following steps:
optimizing the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme through a first objective function and a second objective function for measuring channel estimation performance to obtain an optimal pilot frequency distribution scheme;
wherein the first objective function for measuring channel estimation performance is determined based on first channel estimation results of all user equipments in the communication system;
a second objective function for measuring channel estimation performance is determined based on a second channel estimation result of the user equipment with worst performance under the condition of no pilot pollution;
wherein, the process of optimizing the preliminary pilot frequency allocation scheme comprises:
Optimizing a first pilot frequency distribution scheme in the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme through the first objective function and the second objective function to obtain a first result and a second result;
optimizing a second pilot frequency distribution scheme in the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme through the first objective function and the second objective function to obtain a third result and a fourth result;
comparing the third result with the first result and the fourth result with the second result;
repeating the steps of optimizing a second pilot frequency distribution scheme in the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme through the first objective function and the second objective function, and comparing corresponding optimization results with the first result and the second result respectively until other pilot frequency distribution schemes except the first pilot frequency distribution scheme in the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme are traversed to obtain an optimal pilot frequency distribution scheme;
if the third result is greater than the first result and the fourth result is greater than the second result, the third result is assigned to the first result, and the fourth result is assigned to the second result; otherwise, directly repeating the step of optimizing;
The first pilot allocation scheme is any one of the preliminary pilot allocation schemes, and the second pilot allocation scheme is any one of the other pilot allocation schemes.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein if the range of angles of arrival of interfering user equipment using the same pilot as the desired user equipment does not overlap at all with the range of angles of arrival of the desired user equipment, the method further comprises:
calculating a first angle difference between the arrival angle of each interference user and the arrival angle of the expected user equipment in the interference user equipment corresponding to each expected user equipment;
and determining the first objective function according to the sum of the first angle differences corresponding to all the expected user equipment.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that if the range of angles of arrival of interfering user equipment using the same pilot as the desired user equipment does not overlap at all with the range of angles of arrival of the desired user equipment, the method further comprises:
calculating a second angle difference between the angle of arrival of each interfering user equipment and the angle of arrival of the desired user equipment;
and determining the user equipment with the worst performance under the condition of no pilot pollution according to the sum of the second angle differences corresponding to each expected user equipment.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein determining the worst performing ue without pilot pollution according to the sum of the second angle differences corresponding to each desired ue comprises:
and determining the expected user equipment corresponding to the minimum value in the sum of the second angle differences as the user equipment with the worst performance under the condition of no pilot pollution.
5. A pilot allocation apparatus, comprising:
a determining module, configured to determine a user equipment needing pilot allocation and a pilot to be allocated in the communication system; the method is also used for determining a preliminary pilot frequency allocation scheme based on the user equipment needing pilot frequency allocation and the pilot frequency to be allocated;
the optimization module is used for optimizing the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme through a first objective function and a second objective function for measuring channel estimation performance to obtain an optimal pilot frequency distribution scheme;
wherein the first objective function for measuring channel estimation performance is determined based on first channel estimation results of all user equipments in the communication system; a second objective function for measuring channel estimation performance is determined based on the channel estimation result of the user equipment with worst performance under the condition of no pilot pollution;
The optimization module is specifically used for optimizing the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme:
optimizing a first pilot frequency distribution scheme in the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme through the first objective function and the second objective function to obtain a first result and a second result;
optimizing a second pilot frequency distribution scheme in the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme through the first objective function and the second objective function to obtain a third result and a fourth result;
comparing the third result with the first result and the fourth result with the second result;
repeating the steps of optimizing a second pilot frequency distribution scheme in the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme through the first objective function and the second objective function, and comparing corresponding optimization results with the first result and the second result respectively until other pilot frequency distribution schemes except the first pilot frequency distribution scheme in the preliminary pilot frequency distribution scheme are traversed to obtain an optimal pilot frequency distribution scheme;
if the third result is greater than the first result and the fourth result is greater than the second result, the third result is assigned to the first result, and the fourth result is assigned to the second result; otherwise, directly repeating the step of optimizing;
The first pilot allocation scheme is any one of the preliminary pilot allocation schemes, and the second pilot allocation scheme is any one of the other pilot allocation schemes.
6. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory, characterized in that the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the pilot allocation method of any one of claims 1-4.
7. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, which when executed by a processor performs the steps of the pilot allocation method according to any of claims 1-4.
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