CN1151091A - Magnetic attraction driving motor using permanent magnet - Google Patents

Abstract

A magnetic attraction force driving motor using a permanent magnet is provided with a permanent magnet; an electromagnet formed by winding a coil around a core, one end of which is adhered to one pole end of the permanent magnet; an excitation controller for exciting the electromagnet to change a magnetic flux state in the vicinity of the pole end of the permanent magnet; a movable member having magnetic attraction property, disposed in the vicinity of the pole end of the permanent magnet in such a manner as to be supported and guided so as to be able to approach or separate from the permanent magnet; a return force acting member for moving the movable member back and forth by a pressing force against a magnetic attraction force and by changing a magnetic attraction force of the permanent magnet.

Description

Use the magnetic attraction driving engine of permanent magnet

The present invention relates to a kind of magnetic attraction driving engine that utilizes a permanent magnet electric energy to be converted to kinetic energy.

And, the present invention relates to permanent magnet of a kind of use to produce the propelling magnetic field generator in various propellings magnetic field, and a kind ofly use this propelling magnetic field generator that magnetic field energy is converted to the energy converter of kinetic energy, relate in particular to a kind of energy converter useful when being embodied as a turning motor, a linear motor or suchlike motor.

Routinely, the various energy converters that utilize permanent magnet have been used.Those electric energy convert in the energy converter of kinetic energy and are typically motor.With regard to a DC motor, make a direct current flow to a coil that is placed on a rotor in the magnetic field that produces by permanent magnet, and this rotor is worked and is driven in rotation with a consequent magnetic field.

Be in autosynchronous motor using routinely or the induction alternating current (AC) motor equally, a magnetizing coil being provided with in the magnetic pole of a stator is applied an alternating voltage by the phase difference of a requirement, an exciting curent is flowed, producing a rotating magnetic field, and a rotor is rotated to synchronised therewith.Equally, with regard to a linear motor, several linearly aligned magnetizing coils are applied an alternating voltage by the phase difference of a requirement, an exciting curent is flowed, one is advanced directly that magnetic field produces and a propulsive force is added on the movable body of magnetic.

That is to say, in the motor an of turning motor, a linear motor and the like, be used for producing a rotating magnetic field or a propelling magnetic field generator that directly enters magnetic field has a project organization, by providing an exciting curent with a phase difference, produce one with direction and advance magnetic field by a requirement to a plurality of magnetizing coils.

Yet, be that the structure of energy converter of these general types of representative can not directly be extracted the magnetic energy that permanent magnet was had to the outside with above-mentioned DC motor, and therefore its energy conversion efficiency is low relatively.

In addition, in the energy converter of the conventional propelling of a use magnetic field generator, in the motor such as a turning motor, a linear motor and the like, because a rotary speed or a position translational speed are by a phase difference setting that advances magnetic field, this depends on the frequency of AC power, make and remove some motor, beyond the motor such as coil type induction motor and the like, be difficult to a rotary speed is set by an optimum value, and therefore rotary speed generally by a convertor controls.Yet this converter produces high frequency, and therefore damages near the control device it.Moreover, in a conventional equipment,, and for this reason, be difficult to improve energy efficiency because revolving force or one directly advance force rate such as kinetic energy is proportional with an electric current that is applied, so must provide the electric capacitor corresponding with required torque.

The present invention forms in view of above-mentioned variety of problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a kind of new-type magnetic attraction driving engine that directly utilizes the magnetic energy of a permanent magnet.

Another object of the present invention provides the new-type propelling magnetic field generator of a permanent magnet of a kind of use, and it utilizes this magnetic attraction driving engine can improve energy efficiency.

A further object of the present invention provides a kind of energy converter, magnetic flux by a permanent magnet of indirect extraction forms a propelling magnetic field, directly enter magnetic field or suchlike magnetic field, and promote a magnetic body thus such as a rotating magnetic field, one.

The present invention is designed in the time will utilizing permanent magnet to produce mechanical energy, and uses an electromagnet as means, changes magnetic flux from permanent magnet, to extract the mechanical energy that requires from permanent magnet off and on or continuously.

More particularly, the invention provides the magnetic attraction driving engine of a permanent magnet of a kind of use, it is characterized in that:

A permanent magnet is furnished with an electromagnet that provides a coil and constitute in a magnetic core, and the one end closely adheres to its magnetic pole.An excitation controller that is used for excitatory electromagnet is connected with this electromagnet, so that change near the magnetic flux density of magnetic pole of permanent magnet.Near the magnetic pole of permanent magnet, one will near or leave movable member pivot suspension that this permanent magnet moves on a return force functional component with magnetic pull so that leave the return force that direction depended on pressure that this permanent magnet moves provides a requirement by this movable member.Like this, this movable member can move around.

Coil is the part of electromagnet, can use such as all materials known to general of copper, aluminium and other, is made by plain conductor.Yet, the superconducting magnet that can adopt superconductor to make.In addition, much less, can use an independent coil, two irrelevant each other coils perhaps are set in magnetic core.Using an independent coil to constitute under the situation of electromagnet, the magnetic polarity transformation energy of magnetic core one end is for example supplied with a square-wave signal for this independent coil from excitation controller and is finished.As a result, might change near the magnetic flux condition of a magnetic pole of permanent magnet.

From another point of view,, can constitute excitation controller, so that can change the magnetic polarity of magnetic core one end by alternately changing an electric current of supplying with between a coil and another coil twining on the magnetic core under two irrelevant each other coil situations.

As for the magnetic material of movable body, can use such as all materials known to generally of iron, nickel, α iron and other.Yet, a magnetic part is integrated with in the non-magnetic part that is made of aluminium, plastics or suchlike material the magnetic attachment that might obtain to require.

When with the excitatory condition of excitation controller control electromagnet, change with the magnetic polarity of magnetic core one end of an end tight adhesion of permanent magnet, and near the magnetic flux density of an one magnetic pole is changed.As a result, magnetic pull between movable member and the permanent magnet changes, make might with the collaborative work of return force functional component so that move around this movable member.

The propelling magnetic field generator that produces a propelling magnetic field in the working space of a regulation of the present invention is equipped with a plurality of permanent magnet parts, advance magnetic field in order to produce one, require pattern to be placed on place, suitable space according to one, and a plurality of magnetic flux controls that constitute by electromagnet, corresponding placement with the permanent magnet parts, and change by its magnetic flux controls phase shift by the magnetic flux quantity that the permanent magnet parts form in working space.

The magnetic flux controls that is made of electromagnet can constitute coil of winding on a magnetic core, one end of magnetic core is placed as a magnetic pole of an adhesion or a close corresponding permanent magnet, an electric current of coil is supplied with in control, and changes a magnetic flux density that magnetic pole forms that requires in the space by permanent magnet at.Advance magnetic field generator to form rotating magnetic field, and place permanent magnet by linearity and produce and directly enter magnetic field by on a predetermined circumference, placing permanent magnet.

In addition, a kind of energy converter of the present invention is designed to rotate freely or support slidably a mover member as pivot in a working space that advances magnetic field generator, and advances magnetic field to produce mobile torque in this mover member by one that advances magnetic field generator to form.

In advancing magnetic field generator, the magnetic flux controls that the electromagnet that the magnetic flux density that a plurality of permanent magnets of placing according to a predetermined pattern in order to produce propelling magnetic field form in a working space is placed by corresponding its permanent magnet phase shift constitutes changes, and forms predetermined propelling magnetic field thus in a working space.Therefore, if a rotor or a prime mover that is free to slide supporting that rotates freely supporting such as a slider or suchlike movable body, is placed in this working space, just advance magnetic field to produce rotation or mobile torque by the movable type that wherein forms.

In a kind of magnetic attraction driving engine of the present invention, might be cut off under the state magnetic flux that utilizes the magnetic pole by a permanent magnet to form with the mechanical energy form with the energy that above-mentioned drive principle is supplied with external system.Because make the electric power that plays like this a spark plug of supply in an input that drives the needed DC power supply of engine action and the petrol engine by same way as work, and the actuating force of a generation only needed very little amount in this input, therefore also might expect the lot of energy conversion efficiency.Moreover, as a kind of structure that is used to extract mechanical energy, can use an engine that moves around, and therefore can be reduced to a realistic scale to the loss that in a mobile system, causes by friction.

A kind of propelling Meissner oscillator of magnetic attraction driving engine that utilizes of the present invention has a project organization, produce the propelling magnetic field of requirement with the magnetic flux that leaves permanent magnet with magnetic flux controls control, magnetic field such as rotating magnetic field and the like, and utilize the permanent magnet magnetic force energy, and therefore can provide an efficient magnetic field generator that advances.

In addition, in a kind of energy converter that utilizes this propelling magnetic field generator, because can use a propelling magnetic field generator move a rotor etc., so the efficient of a motor etc. can be improved with very high efficient.

Other characteristics of the present invention and advantage will be from the following narration of doing together with accompanying drawing obviously as seen, wherein:

Fig. 1 is one and is illustrated in the topology view that utilizes a magnetic attraction driving engine of a permanent magnet in one first preferred embodiment;

Fig. 2 is one and is illustrated in the topology view that utilizes a magnetic attraction driving engine of a permanent magnet in one second preferred embodiment;

Fig. 3 is a view that is illustrated among one first embodiment structure of a turning motor in the propelling magnetic field generator;

Fig. 4 is an oscillogram of representing the waveform of first to the 3rd excitation voltage shown in Figure 3;

Fig. 5 is the detailed circuit diagram of a control element shown in Figure 3;

Fig. 6 is the oscillogram of a changeover control signal shown in Figure 5;

Fig. 7 is the major part topology view of a connection status between the magnetic core of a permanent magnet in fixed electrode and an electromagnet in the presentation graphs 3;

Fig. 8 is a view that is illustrated among one second embodiment structure of a turning motor in the propelling magnetic field generator;

Fig. 9 is the enlarged view of a major part shown in Figure 8; And

Figure 10 is a view that is illustrated in one the 3rd preferred embodiment structure of an induction motor in the propelling magnetic field generator.First preferred embodiment

Fig. 1 represents a prime mover, constitutes with a magnetic attraction driving engine that utilizes a permanent magnet in one first preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Bent axle of these prime mover 10 usefulness 11 is sent to a cake 12 to and fro to the kinetic energy that the magnetic attraction driving engine 20 that constitutes according to the present invention from obtains, and obtains by rotation cake 12 like this and rotatablely move.

At first, will a structure of magnetic attraction driving engine 20 be explained.

In Fig. 1, one of label 21 indication is by the rigidity nonmagnetic substance, the fixed frame of making such as the material of brass and the like, and permanent magnet of label 22 indications, with bolt etc. suitably mode be fixed among the first arm 21A of fixed frame 21.In this embodiment, an axis of permanent magnet 22 roughly becomes horizontal-extending with a base part 21C of fixed frame 21, and its S magnetic pole 22A is fixed among the first arm 21A.Between free end N magnetic pole 22B of permanent magnet 22 and base part 21C, an electromagnet 23 is set.This electromagnet 23 is made up of a magnetic core 24 and a coil 25 that twines on it, and this coil 25 comprises two magnetizing coil 25A and 25B.

In this embodiment, an axis of magnetic core 24 is vertical substantially with an axis of permanent magnet 22, an end surfaces 24A of magnetic core component 24 closely adheres on the side surface of N magnetic pole 22B of permanent magnet 22, and electromagnet 23 usefulness bolts etc. suitably mode be fixed in the fixed frame 21.

Magnetic core component 24 can constitute iron, nickel, α iron or the permalloy parts of a bar shaped, perhaps a thin plate stratification body of being made by these materials.

In electromagnet 23, provide an excitatory control element 26 that is used for excitatory electromagnet 23, so that change near the magnetic flux condition the permanent magnet N magnetic pole 22B periodically.Excitatory control element 26 is equipped with a battery pack 27 as a DC power supply, the negative electrode of battery pack 27 is connected with each end of magnetizing coil 25A and 25B, and its positive electrode is connected with other end of magnetizing coil 25A and 25B by a relay contact circuit 28.

A relay contact point 28A of relay contact circuit 28 constitutes a closed always contact point when another relay contact point 28B constitutes a contact point of always opening.To a relay coil 29 that is used to change on/off two relay contact points 28A and 28B, apply the pulse voltage P of the constant frequency of a regulation from a pulse generator 30.The cycle of pulse voltage P is set, so that be no more than response speed with relay coil 29 operation contact point 28A and 28B, and the variation of the level of response impulse voltage P, relay contact point 28A and 28B are alternately closed.As a result, make exciting curent IA and IB flow to magnetizing coil 25A and 25B.

The direction of winding around 25A is opposite with the direction of winding around 25B, and when exciting curent IA flows to magnetizing coil 25A, on an end surfaces 24A of magnetic core 24, produce a N magnetic pole, and when exciting curent IB flows to magnetizing coil 25B, produce a S magnetic pole on an end surfaces there.

The result, producing on the end surfaces 24A of electromagnet 23 under the S magnetic pole situation, because permanent magnet 22 closely adheres to layout with electromagnet 23, the leakage flux of N magnetic pole 22B of leaving permanent magnet 22 is very little, most of magnetic fluxs turn back to its S magnetic pole by magnetic core 24, and therefore leave the quantity very little (hereinafter, this is called " magnetic flux cut-off state ") of those magnetic fluxs of N magnetic pole 22B.On the contrary, producing on the end surfaces 24A of electromagnet 23 under the N magnetic pole situation, the magnetic flux that leaves the N magnetic pole 22B of permanent magnet 22 does not pass magnetic core 24, and therefore near the magnetic flux condition the N magnetic pole 22B with the magnetic flux condition under electromagnet 23 situations identical (hereinafter, this is called " magnetic flux on-state ") be not provided.Therefore, according to the level variation of pulse voltage P, near the N of permanent magnet 22 magnetic pole 22B, magnetic flux condition that is magnetic flux density just change.

For the variation magnetic flux density is transformed into electromagnetic attraction, and take out this power, a movable member 31 is set near N magnetic pole 22B with the mechanical energy form.As the accompanying drawing finding, in this embodiment, movable member 31 is to make by magnetic material is iron, so that magnetic attachment is provided, and in fixed frame 21 the guide roller 32A of vertically disposed supporting leg 32 and 33 upper ends and 33A freely slidably mate in and put in the supporting and direction recess 31A that in movable member 31, forms.Therefore, movable member 31 is by supporting leg 32 and 33 supportings, so as its axis roughly with the parallel axes of permanent magnet 22, and this movable member also is directed to, so that can move around by its axis direction.

In addition, at a movable member 31 is (so also can constitute the magnetic attachment that requires to obtain with this magnetic part) under the situation about being made by non magnetic and magnetic part, preferable is to constitute this movable member 31, so that this magnetic part is placed on as much as possible near this permanent magnet place.

Between one second arm 21B of movable member 31 and fixed frame 21, be provided with one and shrink helical spring 34.This contraction helical spring 34 is used to provide the return force of a requirement, is used for movable member is drawn back from permanent magnet 22, so that make the variation of movable member 31 according to the magnetic attraction of working between movable member 31 and the permanent magnet 22, moves around there.Under the magnetic flux on-state, a power of shrinking helical spring 34 allows by a magnetic attraction of permanent magnet 22 movable member 31 to be moved by the direction of arrow X.From another point of view, in the magnetic flux cut-off state, this power allows movable member 31 all to be retracted by the direction of arrow Y.

Except that shrinking helical spring, might use a flat spring, natural or artificial rubber parts, perhaps a suitable elastomeric element.

A supporting mass 35 is fixed on the top of movable member 31, one end pivoting of a bent axle 10 is bearing on this supporting mass, with and other end pivot be attached near the outer perimeter of cake 12, cake 12 axis freely can be rotatably set in the supporting mass 36 that is fixed among the first arm 21A.

In prime mover shown in Figure 1 10, in excitatory control element 26, when a pair of relay contact point 28A and 28B response impulse voltage P are alternately closed, exciting curent IA and IB alternately are provided for magnetizing coil 25A and 25B from battery pack 27, and on an end surfaces 24A of excitatory parts 24, replace living N of real estate and S magnetic pole.When producing a S magnetic pole on an end surfaces 24A, the magnetic flux that leaves the N magnetic pole 22B of permanent magnet 22 returns S magnetic pole 22A by magnetic core 24, and does not move towards movable member 31.That is to say, produce a magnetic flux cut-off state, between permanent magnet 22 and movable member 31, do not have big magnetic attraction work, and movable member 31 is all retracted by the direction of a contraction elastic force of shrinking helical spring 34 by arrow Y.

From another point of view, when on an end surfaces 24A, producing a N magnetic pole, the magnetic flux that leaves the N magnetic pole 22B of permanent magnet moves towards the movable member that a right opposite is placed together with those magnetic fluxs that leave electromagnet 23, because these magnetic fluxs can not be by the magnetic core 24 of there tight adhesion.That is to say, produce a magnetic flux on-state, a big magnetic attraction job is arranged between permanent magnet 22 and movable member 31, and movable member 31 is all moved against the direction of a contraction elastic force of shrinking helical spring 34 by arrow X.

Briefly, if on an end surfaces 24A, form a N magnetic pole versatilely, make the magnetic flux that leaves permanent magnet 22 not by magnetic core 24, pass through movable member 31 because leave those magnetic flux great majority of permanent magnet 22, produce so magnetic leakage free is logical, improved efficient thus.

Perfectly clear from above-mentioned explanation, the polarity of the magnetic pole that produces on an end surfaces 24A of electromagnet 23 is alternately conversion between N and S, and movable member 31 is moved around mutually synergistically with contraction helical spring 34, make and to obtain a rotation output from cake 12.

Here needed because the magnetic flux of permanent magnet 22 is left in conversion, the magnetic flux quantity φ that is used for determining the intensity of electromagnet 23 be with it a coil the winding number N and to flow to the product of an electric current I of this coil proportional, so obtain following expression formula:

φ=kNI is used for magnetic flux and connects/be arranged on the steady state value of regulation by the value of the required magnetic flux quantity φ of conversion, and if therefore the winding number N of a coil of electromagnet be provided with very greatly, the value of exciting curent I just can be done very for a short time.If an output voltage of battery pack 27 is V, the dc energy of supplying with electromagnet 23 is exactly V * I, and if therefore the value of I be provided with very for a short time, the dc energy of supply just can reduce, and this device can be handled expeditiously.

In addition, in the explanation of this first embodiment, relate to and use a common electromagnet.Yet, much less, if use superconducting electromagnet 31,32 ..., 36, can further improve efficient.In the above-described embodiments, a magnetic pole of the permanent magnet 22 of movable member 31 right opposites is N magnetic poles.Yet this magnetic pole can use a S magnetic pole.In addition, be not that the magnetizing coil 25A of winding electromagnet and the direction of 25B reciprocally are set always, and the electric current of supplying with two coil 25A and 25B be set, can obtain the effect identical with this embodiment situation by rightabout.Second preferred embodiment

Fig. 2 represents a prime mover, constitutes with a magnetic attraction driving engine that utilizes a permanent magnet in one second preferred embodiment of the present invention.A device of label 40 indications is air compressors, and it utilizes and is moved around by a magnetic attraction driving engine 50 provided by the invention.

In this magnetic attraction driving engine 50, permanent magnet 52 and one have a coil 55 and twine electromagnet 53 on it and be attached on the fixed frame 51 of being made by nonmagnetic substance as shown in Figure 2, this solid attached the same with the first embodiment situation basically, and therefore will omit its explanation.A coil 55 of electromagnet 53 is independent coils, and is connected with an excitatory excitatory control element 56 that is used to control electromagnet 53.

Excitatory control element 56 is equipped with a converter 58, and the alternating electromotive force that is provided by an AC power 57 can be provided for it, and exports the ac square-wave voltage E of 0 to 60 (Hz).In this preferred embodiment,, and be applied to coil component 55 from ac square-wave voltage E of converter 58 outputs.Therefore, one-period according to this ac square-wave voltage E, an end surfaces 54A of a magnetic core 54 of electromagnet 53 go up to produce N and S magnetic pole, and thus based on the identical principle of the first embodiment situation, make near the magnetic flux density change the N magnetic pole 52B of permanent magnet 52.

Near the N of permanent magnet 52 magnetic pole 52B, a movable member 59 of being made by a kind of magnetic material iron is set.This movable member 59 adheres on the free end of a connecting rod 62A of a piston 62, and piston 62 is slidingly arranged in one by in the second and the 3rd arm 51B of fixed frame 51 and 51C supporting and the fixing cylinder 61.

Between an inner wall surface 61A of outer periphery surface 62B of piston 62 and cylinder 61, keep a sealing state, and in cylinder 61, mark and draw a 61B of pumping chamber.In this cylinder 61, comprise an Air pressurizer 70 known to general, be provided with one and be used for air is incorporated into intake valve 63 in the air plenum 61B, and one be used in cylinder 61 superchargings compressed air be discharged into the check-valves 65 of an efferent duct 64.In Air pressurizer 70, when piston 62 moves by the direction of arrow A, the air of outside is introduced in the 61B of pumping chamber from intake valve 63, when piston 62 moves by the direction of arrow B, inhaled air supercharging in the 61B of pumping chamber, and when its pressurized energy surpassed a setting, check-valves 65 was opened, and air is compressed and is discharged into efferent duct 64.

In order to obtain to suck with magnetic attraction driving engine 50 and compressed air is needed moves around, movable member 59 directly is connected with piston 62.Between movable member 59 and cylinder 61, be provided with one and shrink helical spring 60, and supply with a return force, so that retract by the steering handle movable member 59 of arrow B by an elastic contractile force that shrinks helical spring 60.

According to said structure, the situation of first embodiment as shown in Figure 1 is such, by on an end surfaces 54A of electromagnet 53, alternately producing S and N magnetic pole, by means of the magnetic pull of the permanent magnet 52 that intermittently produces and the return force of contraction spring 60, make movable member 59 move to and fro, and therefore piston 62 can move to and fro by the identical cycle in the cycle of an ac square-wave voltage E.As a result, come 53, one air compressors 40 of excitatory control electromagnet apparatus to take out compressed air by an ac square-wave voltage E who uses excitatory control element 56 outputs from efferent duct 64.

In the identical mode of air compressor shown in Figure 2, can constitute a pump.The 3rd preferred embodiment

Fig. 3 represents a straight flow turning motor.A stator side device is made of a turning motor 110, and it has cylinder framework 111 and rotating magnetic field generator 120 that is placed on wherein that an a kind of nonmagnetic substance of usefulness is made.

In framework 111, constitute a working space 111A, so that produce a propelling magnetic field, and a rotor 112 of being made by the soft iron nonmagnetic substance can be rotatably set in freely among the working space 111a by rotating shaft 113 axis by rotating magnetic field generator 120 rotations.Rotating shaft 113 is positioned on the central axis of framework 111, and its two ends freedom is rotatably placed, and prevents to move along a direction of rotating shaft 113, and therefore in framework 111 internal rotors 112 and rotating shaft 113 rotation integrally together.

Rotating magnetic field generator 120 is equipped with six bar permanent magnets 121 with square-section, 122,123 ..., 126, and these permanent magnets 121,122,123 ... 126 diametric(al)s by framework 111 are arranged in a straight line their axis, place along the ground, impartial space, an inner peripheral surface of framework 111.Label 141,142 ..., 146 indication yoke parts imbed along an inner peripheral surface of framework 111 as shown in drawings and fix, and these yoke parts are made by the board-like permalloy of a kind of soft magnetic material.Yoke parts 141,142 ..., 146 are placed on permanent magnet 121 respectively, 122,123 ... 126 position P1, P2 ... the P6 place, and be fixed on (to fixed form without limits) in the framework 111, so that each permanent magnet 121,122 ..., an end of 126 sticks to yoke parts 141,142 ..., on 146 correspondence one end.

Be used for yoke parts 141,142 ..., 146 soft magnetic material is not limited to permalloy, and can use other kind.

In said structure, be placed on position P1, the permanent magnet 121,122 of P2 and P3 and 123 N magnetic pole are placed over against rotor 112, and are placed on position P4, and the permanent magnet 124,125 of P5 and P6 and 126 S magnetic pole are placed over against rotor 112.(can choose at random the magnetic polarity of a permanent magnet that is placed on each position, be not limited to a magnetic polarity among the embodiment shown in the drawings).

Label 131,132 ..., 136 indications are used for being controlled at working space 111A by permanent magnet 121,122 as the electromagnet of magnetic flux controls ..., 126 form, and the magnetic flux that provided of corresponding each electromagnet.Electromagnet 131,132 ... 136 respectively by the magnetic core 131A of soft magnetic material such as the made L shaped shape of the material of permalloy and the like, 132A ..., 136A, and twine coil 131B on it, 132B ..., 136B forms.Each magnetic core 131A, 132A ..., the end of 136A adheres to a free-ended side edge surface of a corresponding permanent magnet, and its other end adheres to yoke parts 141,142 ..., an end of 146, and in framework 111, constitute six stator side magnetic pole M1, M2 ..., M6.

To explain a stator side magnetic pole M1.

Between the N and S magnetic pole of permanent magnet 121, form a magnetic circuit that constitutes by the magnetic core 131A of yoke parts 141 and electromagnet 131.Therefore, there be not electric current to flow to coil 131B, perhaps it is applied an electric current so that the end of magnetic core 131A is under the S magnetic pole situation, leave the closed magnetic circuit of magnetic flux great majority by constituting of permanent magnet 121 by yoke parts 141 and magnetic core 131A, be able to turn back to the S magnetic pole, and therefore in working space 111A, do not have to form by the magnetic field that magnetic flux constituted of leaving permanent magnet 121 from the N magnetic pole.(hereinafter, this is called " magnetic flux cut-off state ").

From another point of view, if coil 131B is applied an electric current, so that the end of magnetic core 131A is a N magnetic pole, the magnetic flux that leaves permanent magnet 121 does not allow to pass the closed magnetic circuit that is made of yoke parts 141 and magnetic core 131A, these magnetic fluxs turn back to the S magnetic pole by working space 111A from the N magnetic pole, and therefore form the magnetic field that is made of the magnetic flux that leaves permanent magnet 121 in working space 111A.(hereinafter, this is called " magnetic flux on-state ").

As mentioned above, be applied to an electric current of electromagnet 131 by control, might output to the magnetic flux density of working space 111A from permanent magnet 121 with electromagnet 131 controls, and change and connect/end the magnetic flux that outputs to working space 111A from permanent magnet 121.

As for other stator side magnetic pole M2, M3 ..., M6, by to offering electromagnet 132,133 ..., 136 electric current is carried out similarly control, also might change connections/end from permanent magnet 122,123 ..., 126 output to the magnetic flux of working space 111A.

Control element of label 50 indications is used for control transformation and is applied to electromagnet 131,132,136 coil 131B, 132B ... the exciting curent of 136B, and by with the phase difference of a regulation to stator side magnetic pole M1, M2 ... M6 conversion connection/, in working space 111A, form rotating magnetic field by the magnetic flux that leaves permanent magnet.In the 3rd embodiment, control element 150 is equipped with a grounding terminals 150G and three outlet terminal 150A, 150B and 150C, and export three groups from here and have out of phase each other, comprise the excitation voltage of first, second and third excitation voltage A1, A2 and A3.

In rotating magnetic field generator 120, coil 131B and 134B, coil 132B and 135B and coil 133B and 136B are connected in series respectively mutually.One first exciting curent is supplied with coil 131B and 134B, and one second exciting curent is supplied with coil 132B and 135B, and one the 3rd exciting curent is supplied with coil 133B and 136B.

Fig. 4 represents the excitation voltage by control element 150 phase control, first, second and third excitation voltage A1, A2 and A3 are repetition pulse voltage, each has one-period T, by with one of phase shifts only being period of 1/3 of one-period, the excitation voltage of a positive direction is applied to any phase, and the excitation voltage of a negative direction is applied to the residue two-phase.

When being applied to the first excitation voltage A1 on coil 131B and the 134B with a positive polarity in the period in time T 1 to T2, the end of the magnetic core 131A of electromagnet 131 is by N magnetic pole of excitatory one-tenth, and forms the magnetic flux of a corresponding permanent magnet 121 thus in working space 111A.At that time, the end of the magnetic core 134A of electromagnet 134 is by S magnetic pole of excitatory one-tenth, and forms the magnetic flux of a corresponding permanent magnet 124 thus in working space 111A.That is to say that stator side magnetic pole M1 and M4 both are in the magnetic flux on-state.To other coil 132B, 135B, 133B and 136B apply second and third excitation voltage with negative polarity.Like this, make exciting curent flow to two electromagnet 132 and 135, so that the end of the magnetic core 132A of electromagnet 132 is a S magnetic pole, and the end of the magnetic core 135A of electromagnet 135 is a N magnetic pole.

And exciting curent flows to two electromagnet 133 and 136, so that the end of the magnetic core 133A of electromagnet 133 is a S magnetic pole, and the end of a magnetic core 136A of electromagnet 136 is a N magnetic pole.That is to say that because stator side magnetic pole M2, M3, M5 and M6 are the magnetic flux cut-off state all, do not have magnetic flux from permanent magnet 122,123,125 and 126 output to working space 111A.

The result, because the magnetic flux of N magnetic pole that leaves the permanent magnet 121 of stator side magnetic pole M1 is introduced in the S magnetic pole of the permanent magnet 124 of stator side magnetic pole M4 by rotor 112, so, for example, one of rotor 112 protrudes utmost point 112A and is attracted to stator side magnetic pole M1, an one protrusion utmost point 112C is attracted to stator side magnetic pole M4, and rotor 112 clockwise direction rotation as shown in Figure 3.

Can understand from Fig. 4, by making stator side magnetic pole M1, M2 ..., M6 is in the magnetic flux on-state, then produces rotating magnetic field in working space 111A, produces rotating torques in rotor 112, so and rotor 112 is rotated continuously by the direction of a regulation.

Fig. 5 is the detailed circuit diagram that an expression is used to export a circuit of one group of excitation voltage shown in Figure 4.In the figure, positive supply that is used to supply with a positive voltage of label 151 indications, negative supply that is used to supply with a negative voltage of label 152 indications, label 153,154 and 155 indicator cocks, pulse generator of label 156 indications, be used to export a pulse CL, it only becomes a high level in 1/3 period of one-period T shown in Figure 4, this pulse CL supplies with switch 153 as one first switch controlling signal CA, when this first switch controlling signal CA is a high level, terminal 150A is connected to positive supply 151, and when this first switch controlling signal CA was a low level, terminal 150A was connected to negative supply 152.As a result, can supply with first an excitation voltage A1 shown in Figure 4 from terminal 150A.

As shown in Figure 6, only provide first delay circuit 157 by 1/3 time delay of period T to be postponed by one, and offer switch 154 as changeover control signal, pulse CL is become a second switch control signal CB.As switch 153 situations, according to the level of second switch control signal CB, change over switch 154, and therefore can supply with second an excitation voltage A2 shown in Figure 4 from terminal 150B.One of one second delay circuit 158 usefulness only are 2/3 period delay pulse CL of period T, and export the 3rd a switch controlling signal CC shown in Figure 6.As the situation of other switch, switch 155 responses the 3rd switch controlling signal CC work, and therefore can supply with the 3rd an excitation voltage A3 shown in Figure 4 from terminal 150C.

Perfectly clear from above-mentioned explanation, switch 153,154 shown in Figure 5 and 155 is indicated at T1 shown in Figure 4 to the switch condition of T2 in the period.

Here, be used for conversion to connect/by stator side magnetic pole M1, M2 ..., the magnetic flux of M6 is needed, be used for determining electromagnet 131,132 ..., the magnetic flux quantity φ of 136 intensity, be proportional with the product of an electric current I supplying with coil, therefore obtain following expression formula with the number of a coil of its winding:

φ＝kNI

Owing to be used for conversion to connect/by permanent magnet 121,122 ..., the needed magnetic flux quantity of 126 magnetic flux φ is the steady state value of a regulation, if be provided with very greatly so twine the number N of a coil on an electromagnet, the value that is used for an excitatory electric current I just can be done very for a short time.Make like this might preserve from just with negative supply 151 and 152 supply electromagnet 131,132 continuously ..., 136 energy.

In the explanation of the 3rd preferred embodiment, relate to the general electromagnet situation of using.Yet, much less, to electromagnet 131,132 ..., 136 use superconducting magnet, and efficient can further be improved.

In a solid casing, turning motor 110 of the present invention constitute by conversion connect/produce rotating magnetic field by the magnetic flux that leaves permanent magnet, and provide rotating torques, and therefore be easy to space of design between rotor 112 and stator side to rotor 112.Because induction motor is a kind of inert body, do the space to such an extent that can improve motor efficiency very for a short time.Yet preferably the space is designed enough greatly in turning motor 110 of the present invention, so that increase an initial attraction.So therefore, make it possible to enlarge the space between turning motor 110 rotors 112 and the stator side, and make motor with strong temperature resistance liter property.

Fig. 7 is illustrated in the device that is used to connect a permanent magnet and an electromagnet among the 3rd embodiment in each stator side magnetic pole in detail.When magnetic flux converts connection to, in electromagnet, magnetic core and permanent magnet are applied a powerful distraction force thereon by the repulsive force that forms of working, and therefore as an example with stator side magnetic pole M1, a free end 121a of permanent magnet 121 and the end 131a of the magnetic core 131A that adheres to the electromagnet 131 on it combine each other securely by a clamping part 160, so that keep both to be in the state of a tight adhesion really.The 4th preferred embodiment

Fig. 8 represents turning motor in another embodiment of the present invention.In this turning motor 170, rotating magnetic field generator 180 is arranged in the fixed axis 171, movable body 172 axis of being made by a kind of magnetic material of cylinder are arranged to free rotatable, so that with fixed axis 171 concentricity lines, and in movable body 172, constitute and protrude utmost point 172A, 172B ..., 172D.Eight stator side magnetic pole N1, N2 ..., the circumferential directions that N8 presses fixed axis 171 with impartial space, and magnetic protrusion utmost point 172A, 172B ..., 172D disposes as a whole with movable body 172.

As shown in Figure 9, in stator side magnetic pole N1, one is fixed on the fixed axis 171 as prism-shaped bar permanent magnet 181 similar among Fig. 3 embodiment, so that an orthogonal axe of its axis and axle 171, and the electromagnet 191 that coil 191B of winding is constituted on a U-shaped magnetic core 191A provides as a flux guide.

The end surfaces 191C of two legs of magnetic core 191A and 191D stick to the N and the S magnetic part of permanent magnet 181, and make like this might one yoke parts magnetic circuit of assurance between a magnetic pole of permanent magnet 181 and another magnetic pole.

As for other stator side magnetic pole N2, N3 ..., N8, structure is same as described above.

As the situation of above-mentioned embodiment, in the 4th embodiment, might as Fig. 4 explanation,, connect/end the magnetic flux that leaves permanent magnet 181 in movable body 172 internal conversion as a working space by coil 191B is applied in the excitation voltage any one.By at stator side magnetic pole N1, N2 ..., carry out the connection of conversion magnetic flux/end by phase difference among the N8, and for example the situation of the 3rd embodiment is such, might produce rotating magnetic field.

Should the 4th embodiment, for example make the stator side magnetic pole have 180 ° of spaces as one group, control a stator side magnetic pole as the work of a N magnetic pole, and another is worked as a S magnetic pole, carry out all this class control in proper order by a circular direction, and therefore can produce the rotating magnetic field that is used to rotate movable body 172.The 5th preferred embodiment

Figure 10 represents another preferred embodiment of the present invention.In the 5th embodiment, represented that a usefulness propelling magnetic field generator of the present invention constitutes the example of an induction motor.

Except that a rotor 201 was set in a rotating shaft 113, the structure of an induction motor 200 shown in Figure 10 was substantially the same with a turning motor 110 shown in Figure 3.Therefore, to having provided identical label, and will omit its explanation with corresponding those parts of part shown in Figure 3.

A rotating magnetic field generator 220 that is provided with in a framework 111 constitutes in rotating magnetic field generator 120 identical modes among the 3rd embodiment shown in Figure 3 basically.Yet what this rotating magnetic field generator 220 and rotating magnetic field generator 120 were different is, at permanent magnet 121,122 ... 126 free end provides auxiliary magnetic pole piece 121K, 122K ..., 126K, so that make stator side magnetic pole M1, M2 ..., the space between M6 and the rotor 201 is as far as possible little.

Auxiliary magnetic pole piece 121K, 122K ... 126K constitutes and protrudes utmost point part, they have opposed part 121L, 122L ... 126L, have identical curved surface with those curved surfaces on the outer periphery surface of rotor 201, and from these auxiliary magnetic pole pieces 121K, 122K,, the magnetic flux that 126K leaves corresponding permanent magnet outputs to a working space 111A.To stator side magnetic pole M1, M2 ..., the electromagnet 131 of M6,132 ..., 136, as Fig. 3 situation, supply with the three-phase excitation voltages from a control element 150, i.e. first, second and third excitation voltage A1, A2 and A3, and in working space 111A, produce rotating magnetic field like this.

In induction motor 200, in rotor 201, produce induced current by these rotating magnetic fields, and since magnetic field and the stator side magnetic pole M1 that these induced currents produce, M2 ..., the interaction between those magnetic fields that M6 produces makes rotor 201 rotations.This rotation principle is the same with the rotation principle of a conventional induction motor.

Yet, since in the 5th embodiment in induction motor 200, a rotating magnetic field generator 220 utilizes the permanent magnet magnetic force energy to produce the rotating magnetic field that requires in working space 111A, might be by increasing the number of winding coil on the electromagnet, and only coil is supplied with little direct current, carry out conversion to connect/by magnetic flux.

In addition, in the induction motor of a general type, from an external power source energize time, need exciting curent I0 and torque current I1 who makes magnetic flux pass to rotor torque of a stator core.Yet, according to the present invention, do not need to supply with an exciting curent I0, and can expect that therefore high efficiency drives.

Owing to can make many embodiment that obviously differs widely of the present invention under its spirit and scope not violating, within limiting in accessory claim, natural the present invention is not limited to its these specially for carrying out examples.

Claims (3)

1. magnetic attraction driving engine that utilizes a permanent magnet comprises:

A permanent magnet;

An electromagnet constitutes by twining a coil around a magnetic core, and magnetic core is arranged to the magnetic pole that the one end adheres to this permanent magnet;

An excitation controller is used to control this electromagnet, so that change near the state of a magnetic flux of the magnetic pole of permanent magnet;

Movable member with magnetic pull is supported and is led can be toward or away from permanent magnet, is arranged near the magnetic pole of permanent magnet;

A return force functional component is stepped back the movable member depended on pressure, and moves around against a magnetic attachment masterpiece by means of the variation of a magnetic attraction of permanent magnet.

2. one kind is used for producing the propelling magnetic field generator that advances magnetic field at the working space of a regulation, comprising:

A plurality of permanent magnet parts advance magnetic field in order to produce, and place with proper spacing according to the pattern of a requirement; And

A plurality of flux regulator elements, by corresponding with permanent magnet and electromagnet that be provided with constitutes,

Wherein, the magnetic flux quantity that forms from the permanent magnet parts in working space is changed by these flux regulator element phase shifts.

3. energy converter, having one is used for producing a propelling magnetic field generator that advances magnetic field at the working space of a regulation, and one be arranged on this working space, so that a propelling magnetic field that forms in this working space with this propelling magnetic field generator produces the mover member of a mobile torque in this mover member, wherein advance magnetic field generator that a plurality of permanent magnets are housed, advance magnetic field to place with proper spacing in order to produce according to the pattern of a requirement, and a plurality of flux regulator elements that constitute by electromagnet, corresponding permanent magnet is placed, and the magnetic flux quantity that forms from permanent magnet in working space is changed by these flux regulator element phase shifts.

Images