CN115106499B - A method and system for identifying abnormal fluctuations in crystallizer liquid level - Google Patents
A method and system for identifying abnormal fluctuations in crystallizer liquid level Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及金属连铸技术领域，具体为一种结晶器液面异常波动判别方法及系统。The invention relates to the technical field of metal continuous casting, specifically a method and system for identifying abnormal fluctuations in the crystallizer liquid level.
背景技术Background technique
结晶器是连铸机的核心部件，是连铸工艺中最重要的设备之一，被称为连铸机的心脏。它的工况直接会对连铸机的生产效率和铸坯质量产生影响，因此，国内外众多钢铁企业都十分重视研发和应用高效的结晶器技术。连铸过程通常是限制钢产量的重要环节，要提高连铸产量，就需要较高的拉坯速度。众所周知，在连铸时，液态钢水通过浸入式水口进入结晶器内，由于注流分散，会在结晶器自由表面产生波动。结晶器液面波动不仅影响连铸生产的稳定，还会对铸坯质量产生很大影响。现场连铸过程提拉速试验表明：随着拉坯速度的提高，浸入式水口向结晶器内注入钢液的速度也随之增大，其结果是从浸入式水口流出的钢水流速明显增大，导致结晶器内钢液的流速和弯月面湍动的急剧增加，随着结晶器液面波动的加剧，铸坯皮下非金属夹杂物的含量显著增加，进而恶化了最终产品的表面质量。同时液面的波动也会带来结晶器钢水的卷渣，造成铸坯内部夹杂物含量超标，严重时会造成铸坯纵裂漏钢、或夹渣。特别是在超低碳钢生产过程中，由液面波动引起的卷渣而导致的铸坯缺陷已成为影响铸坯质量的重要因素。The crystallizer is the core component of the continuous casting machine and one of the most important equipment in the continuous casting process. It is called the heart of the continuous casting machine. Its working conditions will directly affect the production efficiency of the continuous casting machine and the quality of the slab. Therefore, many steel companies at home and abroad attach great importance to the development and application of efficient crystallizer technology. The continuous casting process is usually an important link in limiting steel production. To increase the continuous casting production, a higher casting speed is required. As we all know, during continuous casting, liquid steel enters the mold through the immersion nozzle. Due to the dispersion of the injection flow, fluctuations will occur on the free surface of the mold. Crystallizer liquid level fluctuations not only affect the stability of continuous casting production, but also have a great impact on the quality of the slab. The on-site continuous casting process speed test shows that as the casting speed increases, the speed at which the immersed nozzle injects molten steel into the mold also increases. As a result, the flow rate of the molten steel flowing out of the immersed nozzle increases significantly. , resulting in a sharp increase in the flow rate of the molten steel in the mold and the turbulence of the meniscus. As the fluctuations in the mold liquid level intensified, the content of non-metallic inclusions under the skin of the slab increased significantly, thus deteriorating the surface quality of the final product. At the same time, fluctuations in the liquid level will also cause slag entrapment of the molten steel in the mold, causing the inclusion content inside the slab to exceed the standard. In severe cases, it will cause longitudinal cracks in the slab, steel leakage, or slag inclusions. Especially in the production process of ultra-low carbon steel, slab defects caused by slag entrainment caused by liquid level fluctuations have become an important factor affecting the quality of the slab.
当下普遍认为在较小幅度内的液面波动不会产生有害的影响，根据经验目前一般认为板坯结晶器液面波动应控制在±3mm以内。同时为了跟踪铸坯和最终产品的质量，越来越多的钢铁企业开始将结晶器液面的波动情况作为铸坯和产品质量判定的关键过程控制点。但目前一般仅限于将结晶器液面波动超出一定范围(例如＞±3mm或＞±5mm)的时刻进行标记，将此块或此炉铸坯进行标记检查或降级。除此之外，缺乏进一步全面地评估结晶器液面控制水平的手段，尤其是在大数据分析逐步进入冶金领域之时，海量的结晶器液面数据缺乏有效利用。因此，针对现场结晶器液面波动及其相关数据采集，研究结晶器液面异常波动并追溯其产生的原因，对于获得良好的铸坯质量，提高连铸生产效率以及生产洁净钢均具有重要的意义。It is generally believed that liquid level fluctuations within a small range will not have harmful effects. Based on experience, it is generally believed that the liquid level fluctuations in slab molds should be controlled within ±3mm. At the same time, in order to track the quality of cast slabs and final products, more and more steel companies have begun to use the fluctuation of the mold liquid level as a key process control point for determining the quality of cast slabs and products. However, at present, it is generally limited to marking the moment when the crystallizer liquid level fluctuates beyond a certain range (such as >±3mm or >±5mm), and marking the block or furnace billet for inspection or downgrading. In addition, there is a lack of means to further comprehensively evaluate the level of mold level control. Especially when big data analysis gradually enters the metallurgical field, the massive amount of mold level data lacks effective utilization. Therefore, collecting on-site mold liquid level fluctuations and related data, studying abnormal mold liquid level fluctuations and tracing their causes are important for obtaining good slab quality, improving continuous casting production efficiency, and producing clean steel. significance.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供一种结晶器液面异常波动判别方法及系统，可以利用结晶器液面波动数据，判别结晶器液面是否异常波动并追溯异常波动产生原因。The invention provides a method and system for identifying abnormal fluctuations in the crystallizer liquid level, which can use the crystallizer liquid level fluctuation data to determine whether the crystallizer liquid level fluctuates abnormally and trace the causes of the abnormal fluctuations.
为解决上述技术问题，根据本发明的一个方面，本发明提供了如下技术方案：In order to solve the above technical problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
一种结晶器液面异常波动判别方法，包括如下步骤：A method for identifying abnormal fluctuations in crystallizer liquid level, including the following steps:
S1、采用快速傅立叶变换分析法分析结晶器液面波动数据，得到结晶器液面波动的频率及幅值等信息；S1. Use the fast Fourier transform analysis method to analyze the crystallizer liquid level fluctuation data to obtain information such as the frequency and amplitude of the crystallizer liquid level fluctuations;
S2、采用小波熵分析法对结晶器液面波动的频率及幅值等信息做出精确表征；S2. Use the wavelet entropy analysis method to accurately characterize the frequency and amplitude of the crystallizer liquid level fluctuations;
S3、将所述精确表征的信息与历史信息对比，判别结晶器液面波动是否异常。S3. Compare the accurately characterized information with historical information to determine whether the crystallizer liquid level fluctuation is abnormal.
作为本发明所述的一种结晶器液面异常波动判别方法的优选方案，所述结晶器液面异常波动判别方法还包括，As a preferred solution of the method for identifying abnormal crystallizer liquid level fluctuations according to the present invention, the method for identifying abnormal crystallizer liquid level fluctuations also includes:
S4、将结晶器液面异常波动的小波熵值对应的工艺参数与结晶器液面正常波动的小波熵值对应的工艺参数进行比对，找出导致结晶器液面异常波动的原因。S4. Compare the process parameters corresponding to the wavelet entropy value of abnormal fluctuations in the crystallizer liquid level with the process parameters corresponding to the wavelet entropy value of normal fluctuations in the crystallizer liquid level, and find out the reasons for the abnormal fluctuations in the crystallizer liquid level.
作为本发明所述的一种结晶器液面异常波动判别方法的优选方案，其中：所述步骤S1中，所述结晶器液面波动数据包括，离线的历史数据以及在线采集的数据。As a preferred solution of the method for identifying abnormal crystallizer liquid level fluctuations according to the present invention, in step S1, the crystallizer liquid level fluctuation data includes offline historical data and online collected data.
作为本发明所述的一种结晶器液面异常波动判别方法的优选方案，其中：所述步骤S1中，所述结晶器液面波动数据包括，结晶器液面波动实际值、结晶器液面波动设定值等。As a preferred solution of the method for identifying abnormal crystallizer liquid level fluctuations according to the present invention, in step S1, the crystallizer liquid level fluctuation data includes, the actual value of the crystallizer liquid level fluctuation, the crystallizer liquid level Fluctuation set value, etc.
作为本发明所述的一种结晶器液面异常波动判别方法的优选方案，其中：所述步骤S2中，所述快速傅立叶变换为：As a preferred solution of the method for identifying abnormal crystallizer liquid level fluctuations according to the present invention, in step S2, the fast Fourier transform is:
式中，x(λ)为谱函数；x(t)为结晶器波动信号；e-iλt为傅立叶变换核函数；λ为频率变量；t为时间变量。In the formula, x(λ) is the spectral function; x(t) is the crystallizer fluctuation signal; e -iλt is the Fourier transform kernel function; λ is the frequency variable; t is the time variable.
作为本发明所述的一种结晶器液面异常波动判别方法的优选方案，其中：所述步骤S3中，所述小波熵分析法中，离散小波变换的表达式为：As a preferred solution of the method for identifying abnormal crystallizer liquid level fluctuations according to the present invention, in step S3, in the wavelet entropy analysis method, the expression of discrete wavelet transform is:
式中，WTx(j，k)为对于原波动信号x(t)的离散小波转换；x(t)为结晶器波动信号；为小波基函数；j为尺度；k为时间。In the formula, WT x (j, k) is the discrete wavelet transformation of the original wave signal x (t); x (t) is the crystallizer wave signal; is the wavelet basis function; j is the scale; k is the time.
设E1，E2，...，Ej，为信号x(t)在j尺度上的小波能谱，则在尺度域上Ej可以形成对信号能量的一种划分；信号x(t)经小波分解后，在j尺度下的小波系数能量和为：Suppose E 1 , E 2 ,..., E j are the wavelet energy spectrum of the signal x(t) on the j scale, then E j can form a division of the signal energy in the scale domain; the signal x(t ) After wavelet decomposition, the energy sum of wavelet coefficients at j scale is:
式中N——为j尺度下小波系数的个数；In the formula, N——is the number of wavelet coefficients in j scale;
Dj(k)为j尺度下小波系数的集合。D j (k) is the set of wavelet coefficients at j scale.
由小波变换的特性可知，E为各分量功率Ej之和，而pj＝Ej/E，则∑jpj＝1，因此，定义小波熵WEE为：It can be seen from the characteristics of wavelet transform that E is the sum of the power E j of each component, and p j =E j /E, then ∑ j p j =1. Therefore, the wavelet entropy W EE is defined as:
WEE＝-∑j pj log(pj) (4)W EE =-∑ j p j log(pj) (4)
本发明利用式(1)将原始波动信号进行分解，确定出结晶器液面波动所对应的频率及幅值等信息，结合式(2)-(4)，通过小波熵分析将时间和尺度细化，并将(1)式中的频率及幅值的变换关系做出精确表征，能够对结晶器液面波动是否异常做出快速判别。The present invention uses equation (1) to decompose the original fluctuation signal and determines the frequency, amplitude and other information corresponding to the crystallizer liquid level fluctuation. Combined with equations (2)-(4), the time and scale are refined through wavelet entropy analysis. ization, and accurately characterize the transformation relationship between frequency and amplitude in equation (1), which can quickly determine whether the crystallizer liquid level fluctuation is abnormal.
作为本发明所述的一种结晶器液面异常波动判别方法的优选方案，其中：所述步骤S3中，所述历史信息包括历史正常信息和历史异常信息。As a preferred solution of the method for identifying abnormal crystallizer liquid level fluctuations according to the present invention, in step S3, the historical information includes historical normal information and historical abnormal information.
作为本发明所述的一种结晶器液面异常波动判别方法的优选方案，其中：所述步骤S4中，所述工艺参数包括工艺过程参数和设备参数，所述工艺过程参数包括铸坯拉速、塞棒位置、水口结瘤尺寸、铸坯鼓肚参数等，所述设备参数包括连铸机设置参数等。As a preferred solution of the method for identifying abnormal crystallizer liquid level fluctuations according to the present invention, in step S4, the process parameters include process parameters and equipment parameters, and the process parameters include billet drawing speed. , stopper rod position, nozzle nodule size, billet belly parameters, etc. The equipment parameters include continuous casting machine setting parameters, etc.
为解决上述技术问题，根据本发明的另一个方面，本发明提供了如下技术方案：In order to solve the above technical problems, according to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
一种结晶器液面异常波动判别系统，包括：A crystallizer liquid level abnormal fluctuation identification system, including:
数据处理模块，用于基于快速傅立叶变换分析法对结晶器液面波动数据进行分析，得到结晶器液面波动的频率及幅值等信息；The data processing module is used to analyze the crystallizer liquid level fluctuation data based on the fast Fourier transform analysis method to obtain information such as the frequency and amplitude of the crystallizer liquid level fluctuations;
精确表征模块，用于基于小波熵分析法对结晶器液面波动的频率及幅值等信息做出精确表征；The precise characterization module is used to accurately characterize the frequency and amplitude of the crystallizer liquid level fluctuations based on the wavelet entropy analysis method;
异常波动判别模块，用于将精确表征的信息与历史信息对比，判别结晶器液面波动是否异常。The abnormal fluctuation identification module is used to compare accurately characterized information with historical information to determine whether the crystallizer liquid level fluctuation is abnormal.
作为本发明所述的一种结晶器液面异常波动判别系统的优选方案，所述系统还包括：As a preferred solution of the crystallizer liquid level abnormal fluctuation identification system according to the present invention, the system also includes:
异常波动原因分析模块，用于将结晶器液面异常波动的小波熵值对应的工艺参数与结晶器液面正常波动的小波熵值对应的工艺参数进行比对，找出导致结晶器液面异常波动的原因。The abnormal fluctuation cause analysis module is used to compare the process parameters corresponding to the wavelet entropy value of abnormal fluctuations in the crystallizer liquid level with the process parameters corresponding to the wavelet entropy value of normal fluctuations in the crystallizer liquid level, and find out the causes of abnormal crystallizer liquid level. causes of fluctuations.
为解决上述技术问题，根据本发明的另一个方面，本发明提供了如下技术方案：In order to solve the above technical problems, according to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
一种实现上述结晶器液面异常波动判别方法的信息数据处理终端。An information data processing terminal that implements the above method for identifying abnormal fluctuations in the crystallizer liquid level.
一种计算机可读存储介质，包括指令，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行上述结晶器液面异常波动判别方法。A computer-readable storage medium includes instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the computer to execute the above method for identifying abnormal fluctuations in the crystallizer liquid level.
本发明的有益效果如下：The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
本发明提供一种结晶器液面异常波动判别方法及系统，利用结晶器液面波动数据，基于快速傅立叶变换和小波熵相结合的分析法，可全面分析一段时间内(不同炉次或不同浇次)结晶器中钢液的波动情况，精确定位出液面异常波动产生的时间并快速追溯其产生的原因；该方法既可以应用于离线的历史数据分析，也可以适用于结晶器液面波动情况的在线评估，减少结晶器液面波动对铸坯质量带来的影响，降低铸坯质量损失，提高连铸生产效益。The present invention provides a method and system for identifying abnormal fluctuations in the crystallizer liquid level. By using the crystallizer liquid level fluctuation data and an analysis method based on a combination of fast Fourier transform and wavelet entropy, it can comprehensively analyze a period of time (different furnaces or different pours). ) The fluctuation of the molten steel in the crystallizer can accurately locate the time when abnormal liquid level fluctuations occur and quickly trace the causes; this method can be applied to offline historical data analysis and can also be applied to crystallizer liquid level fluctuations Online assessment of the situation can reduce the impact of mold liquid level fluctuations on the quality of the slab, reduce the loss of slab quality, and improve the efficiency of continuous casting production.
附图说明Description of the drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。In order to explain the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without exerting creative efforts.
图1为本发明判别方法流程图；Figure 1 is a flow chart of the identification method of the present invention;
图2为本发明判别装置示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the discrimination device of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例1结晶器液面正常波动信息图；Figure 3 is an information diagram showing the normal fluctuation of the crystallizer liquid level in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例1结晶器液面异常波动信息图；Figure 4 is an information diagram showing abnormal fluctuations in crystallizer liquid level in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例2结晶器液面正常波动信息图；Figure 5 is an information diagram showing the normal fluctuation of the crystallizer liquid level in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
图6为本发明实施例2结晶器液面异常波动信息图；Figure 6 is an information diagram showing abnormal fluctuations in crystallizer liquid level in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
图7为本发明实施例3结晶器液面正常波动信息图；Figure 7 is an information diagram showing the normal fluctuation of the crystallizer liquid level in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;
图8为本发明实施例3结晶器液面异常波动信息图。Figure 8 is an information diagram showing abnormal fluctuations in the liquid level of the crystallizer in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
本发明目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例，参照附图做进一步说明。The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
本发明提供一种结晶器液面异常波动判别方法及系统，既可以应用于离线的历史数据分析，也可以适用于结晶器液面波动情况的在线评估，减少结晶器液面波动对铸坯质量带来的影响，降低铸坯质量损失，提高连铸生产效益。利用结晶器液面波动数据，基于快速傅立叶变换和小波熵相结合的分析法，可全面分析一段时间内(不同炉次或不同浇次)结晶器中钢液的波动情况，精确定位出液面异常波动产生的时间并快速追溯其产生的原因。The invention provides a method and system for identifying abnormal fluctuations in the crystallizer liquid level, which can be applied to offline historical data analysis and can also be applied to online evaluation of the fluctuations in the crystallizer liquid level, thereby reducing the impact of the fluctuations in the crystallizer liquid level on the quality of the cast slab. The impact brought about by reducing the quality loss of cast slabs and improving the efficiency of continuous casting production. Using the crystallizer liquid level fluctuation data, the analysis method based on the combination of fast Fourier transform and wavelet entropy can comprehensively analyze the fluctuations of the molten steel in the crystallizer within a period of time (different furnaces or different pouring times), and accurately locate the liquid level. When abnormal fluctuations occur and quickly trace their causes.
根据本发明的一个方面，本发明提供了如下技术方案：According to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
一种结晶器液面异常波动判别方法，包括如下步骤：A method for identifying abnormal fluctuations in crystallizer liquid level, including the following steps:
S1、采用快速傅立叶变换分析法分析结晶器液面波动数据，得到结晶器液面波动的频率及幅值等信息；S1. Use the fast Fourier transform analysis method to analyze the crystallizer liquid level fluctuation data to obtain information such as the frequency and amplitude of the crystallizer liquid level fluctuations;
S2、采用小波熵分析法对结晶器液面波动的频率及幅值等信息做出精确表征；S2. Use the wavelet entropy analysis method to accurately characterize the frequency and amplitude of the crystallizer liquid level fluctuations;
S3、将所述精确表征的信息与历史信息对比，判别结晶器液面波动是否异常。S3. Compare the accurately characterized information with historical information to determine whether the crystallizer liquid level fluctuation is abnormal.
所述结晶器液面异常波动判别方法还包括，The method for identifying abnormal crystallizer liquid level fluctuations also includes:
S4、将结晶器液面异常波动的小波熵值对应的工艺参数与结晶器液面正常波动的小波熵值对应的工艺参数进行比对，找出导致结晶器液面异常波动的原因。S4. Compare the process parameters corresponding to the wavelet entropy value of abnormal fluctuations in the crystallizer liquid level with the process parameters corresponding to the wavelet entropy value of normal fluctuations in the crystallizer liquid level, and find out the reasons for the abnormal fluctuations in the crystallizer liquid level.
利用现场完整的数据采集系统提供充足的现场数据，提出结晶器液面波动分析方法，利用系统采集到的结晶器液面波动实际值、设定值等数据输入到基于快速傅立叶变换和小波熵计算的结晶器液面波动分析方法中，应用快速傅立叶变换提取出浇铸过程中产生液面波动对应的频率及幅值，应用小波熵对波动频率和幅值等信息做出精确表征，将所述精确表征的信息与历史信息对比，从而可对液面波动是否异常做出快速判别，通过分析正、异常波动对应的工艺参数的变化，从而明确异常波动产生的原因。Utilize the complete on-site data acquisition system to provide sufficient on-site data, propose a crystallizer liquid level fluctuation analysis method, and use the actual values and set values of the crystallizer liquid level fluctuations collected by the system to input into calculations based on fast Fourier transform and wavelet entropy In the crystallizer liquid level fluctuation analysis method, fast Fourier transform is used to extract the frequency and amplitude corresponding to the liquid level fluctuations generated during the casting process, and wavelet entropy is used to accurately characterize the fluctuation frequency and amplitude information, and the precise By comparing the characterized information with historical information, we can quickly determine whether the liquid level fluctuation is abnormal, and by analyzing the changes in process parameters corresponding to positive and abnormal fluctuations, we can clarify the causes of abnormal fluctuations.
作为本发明所述的一种结晶器液面异常波动判别方法的优选方案，其中：所述步骤S1中，所述结晶器液面波动数据包括，离线的历史数据以及在线采集的数据，既可以应用于离线的历史数据分析，也可以适用于结晶器液面波动情况的在线评估，减少结晶器液面波动对铸坯质量带来的影响，降低铸坯质量损失，提高连铸生产效益。As a preferred solution of the method for identifying abnormal crystallizer liquid level fluctuations according to the present invention, in step S1, the crystallizer liquid level fluctuation data includes offline historical data and online collected data, either It can be used for offline historical data analysis, and can also be used for online assessment of mold liquid level fluctuations, reducing the impact of mold liquid level fluctuations on the quality of the slab, reducing the quality loss of the slab, and improving the efficiency of continuous casting production.
作为本发明所述的一种结晶器液面异常波动判别方法的优选方案，其中：所述步骤S1中，所述结晶器液面波动数据包括，结晶器液面波动实际值、结晶器液面波动设定值等。As a preferred solution of the method for identifying abnormal crystallizer liquid level fluctuations according to the present invention, in step S1, the crystallizer liquid level fluctuation data includes, the actual value of the crystallizer liquid level fluctuation, the crystallizer liquid level Fluctuation set value, etc.
作为本发明所述的一种结晶器液面异常波动判别方法的优选方案，其中：所述步骤S2中，所述快速傅立叶变换为：As a preferred solution of the method for identifying abnormal crystallizer liquid level fluctuations according to the present invention, in step S2, the fast Fourier transform is:
式中，x(λ)为谱函数；x(t)为结晶器波动信号；e-iλt为傅立叶变换核函数；λ为频率变量；t为时间变量。In the formula, x(λ) is the spectral function; x(t) is the crystallizer fluctuation signal; e -iλt is the Fourier transform kernel function; λ is the frequency variable; t is the time variable.
作为本发明所述的一种结晶器液面异常波动判别方法的优选方案，其中：所述步骤S3中，可以采用现有技术中常用的小波熵分析法实现本发明技术方案，以下以本领域中常用的一种小波熵分析法为例进行说明，所述小波熵分析法中，离散小波变换的表达式为：As a preferred solution of the method for identifying abnormal crystallizer liquid level fluctuations according to the present invention, in step S3, the wavelet entropy analysis method commonly used in the prior art can be used to implement the technical solution of the present invention. A commonly used wavelet entropy analysis method is taken as an example to illustrate. In the wavelet entropy analysis method, the expression of discrete wavelet transform is:
式中，WTx(j，k)为对于原波动信号x(t)的离散小波转换；x(t)为结晶器波动信号；为小波基函数；j为尺度；k为时间。In the formula, WT x (j, k) is the discrete wavelet transformation of the original wave signal x (t); x (t) is the crystallizer wave signal; is the wavelet basis function; j is the scale; k is the time.
设E1，E2，...，Ej，为信号x(t)在j尺度上的小波能谱，则在尺度域上Ej可以形成对信号能量的一种划分；信号x(t)经小波分解后，在j尺度下的小波系数能量和为：Suppose E 1 , E 2 ,..., E j are the wavelet energy spectrum of the signal x(t) on the j scale, then E j can form a division of the signal energy in the scale domain; the signal x(t ) After wavelet decomposition, the energy sum of wavelet coefficients at j scale is:
式中N——为j尺度下小波系数的个数；In the formula, N——is the number of wavelet coefficients in j scale;
Dj(k)为j尺度下小波系数的集合。D j (k) is the set of wavelet coefficients at j scale.
由小波变换的特性可知，E为各分量功率Ej之和，而pj＝Ej/E，则∑j pj＝1，因此，定义小波熵WEE为：It can be seen from the characteristics of wavelet transform that E is the sum of the power E j of each component, and p j =E j /E, then ∑ j p j =1. Therefore, the wavelet entropy W EE is defined as:
WEE＝-∑j pj log(pj) (4)W EE =-∑ j p j log(pj) (4)
本发明利用式(1)将原始波动信号进行分解，确定出结晶器液面波动所对应的频率及幅值等信息，结合式(2)-(4)，通过小波熵分析将时间和尺度细化，并将(1)式中的频率及幅值的变换关系做出精确表征，能够对结晶器液面波动是否异常做出快速判别。The present invention uses equation (1) to decompose the original fluctuation signal and determines the frequency, amplitude and other information corresponding to the crystallizer liquid level fluctuation. Combined with equations (2)-(4), the time and scale are refined through wavelet entropy analysis. ization, and accurately characterize the transformation relationship between frequency and amplitude in equation (1), which can quickly determine whether the crystallizer liquid level fluctuation is abnormal.
作为本发明所述的一种结晶器液面异常波动判别方法的优选方案，其中：所述步骤S3中，所述历史信息包括历史正常信息和历史异常信息。As a preferred solution of the method for identifying abnormal crystallizer liquid level fluctuations according to the present invention, in step S3, the historical information includes historical normal information and historical abnormal information.
作为本发明所述的一种结晶器液面异常波动判别方法的优选方案，其中：所述步骤S4中，所述工艺参数包括但不限于工艺过程参数和设备参数，所述工艺过程参数包括但不限于铸坯拉速、塞棒位置、水口结瘤尺寸、铸坯鼓肚参数等，所述设备参数包括但不限于连铸机设置参数等。As a preferred solution of the method for identifying abnormal crystallizer liquid level fluctuations according to the present invention, in step S4, the process parameters include but are not limited to process parameters and equipment parameters, and the process parameters include but are not limited to. They are not limited to the casting speed, stopper rod position, nozzle nodule size, billet bulging parameters, etc. The equipment parameters include but are not limited to continuous casting machine setting parameters, etc.
一种结晶器液面异常波动判别系统，包括：A crystallizer liquid level abnormal fluctuation identification system, including:
数据处理模块，用于基于快速傅立叶变换分析法对结晶器液面波动数据进行分析，得到结晶器液面波动的频率及幅值等信息；The data processing module is used to analyze the crystallizer liquid level fluctuation data based on the fast Fourier transform analysis method to obtain information such as the frequency and amplitude of the crystallizer liquid level fluctuations;
精确表征模块，用于基于小波熵分析法对结晶器液面波动的频率及幅值等信息做出精确表征；The precise characterization module is used to accurately characterize the frequency and amplitude of the crystallizer liquid level fluctuations based on the wavelet entropy analysis method;
异常波动判别模块，用于将精确表征的信息与历史信息对比，判别结晶器液面波动是否异常。The abnormal fluctuation identification module is used to compare accurately characterized information with historical information to determine whether the crystallizer liquid level fluctuation is abnormal.
作为本发明所述的一种结晶器液面异常波动判别系统的优选方案，所述系统还包括：As a preferred solution of the crystallizer liquid level abnormal fluctuation identification system according to the present invention, the system also includes:
异常波动原因分析模块，用于将结晶器液面异常波动的小波熵值对应的工艺参数与结晶器液面正常波动的小波熵值对应的工艺参数进行比对，找出导致结晶器液面异常波动的原因。The abnormal fluctuation cause analysis module is used to compare the process parameters corresponding to the wavelet entropy value of abnormal fluctuations in the crystallizer liquid level with the process parameters corresponding to the wavelet entropy value of normal fluctuations in the crystallizer liquid level, and find out the causes of abnormal crystallizer liquid level. causes of fluctuations.
根据本发明的另一个方面，本发明提供了如下技术方案：According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
一种实现上述结晶器液面异常波动判别方法的信息数据处理终端。An information data processing terminal that implements the above method for identifying abnormal fluctuations in the crystallizer liquid level.
一种计算机可读存储介质，包括指令，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行上述结晶器液面异常波动判别方法。A computer-readable storage medium includes instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the computer to execute the above method for identifying abnormal fluctuations in the crystallizer liquid level.
本发明可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现，所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令。在计算机上加载或执行所述计算机程序指令时，全部或部分地产生按照本发明实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、或者其他可编程装置。所述计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，所述计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线(例如同轴电缆、光纤、数字用户线(DSL)或无线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输)。所述计算机可读取存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是包含一个或多个可用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质，(例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带)、光介质(例如，DVD)、或者半导体介质(例如固态硬盘SolidState Disk(SSD))等。The present invention may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When the use is implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product, the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded or executed on a computer, the processes or functions described in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention are generated in whole or in part. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions may be stored in or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another, e.g., the computer instructions may be transferred from a website, computer, server, or data center Transmission to another website, computer, server or data center by wired (such as coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL) or wireless (such as infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means). The computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center integrated with one or more available media. The available media may be magnetic media (eg, floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), optical media (eg, DVD), or semiconductor media (eg, Solid State Disk (SSD)), etc.
实施例1Example 1
本实施例用于板坯连铸生产过程(铸坯断面尺寸1500mm×220mm)，包括如下步骤：This embodiment is used in the slab continuous casting production process (slab cross-section size 1500mm×220mm), including the following steps:
在现场稳定浇铸的前提下，以一定的采集频率采集一段时间内结晶器液面波动及其相关的工艺参数；On the premise of stable casting on site, the crystallizer liquid level fluctuations and related process parameters within a period of time are collected at a certain collection frequency;
基于快速傅立叶变换和小波熵相结合的分析法，对结晶器液面波动数据进行分析，应用快速傅立叶变换提取出不同时间段的液面波动所对应的频率区间和幅值范围，并利用小波熵将频率等信息结合做出统一的表征，与历史正常、异常波动所对应的小波熵值进行对比，从而对结晶器的液面波动做出准确判别。Based on the analysis method that combines fast Fourier transform and wavelet entropy, the crystallizer liquid level fluctuation data is analyzed, and the fast Fourier transform is used to extract the frequency range and amplitude range corresponding to the liquid level fluctuation in different time periods, and the wavelet entropy is used Frequency and other information are combined to create a unified representation, which is compared with the wavelet entropy values corresponding to historical normal and abnormal fluctuations, so as to accurately identify the liquid level fluctuations of the crystallizer.
如图3所示，波动频率主要存在0～1Hz的区域，在0～0.4Hz区域频率集中，该频率段幅值小于0.2，而频率在0.4～0.8Hz的区域幅值小于0.1，采用小波熵进行表征，在0～0.4Hz频率范围内小波熵为0.0136，在0.4～0.8Hz频率范围内小波熵为0.0061，所属频率区间的小波熵值位于液面正常波动范围。As shown in Figure 3, the fluctuation frequency mainly exists in the 0-1Hz area. The frequency is concentrated in the 0-0.4Hz area. The amplitude of this frequency range is less than 0.2, while the amplitude of the frequency range of 0.4-0.8Hz is less than 0.1. Using wavelet entropy Characterized, the wavelet entropy is 0.0136 in the frequency range of 0 to 0.4 Hz, and the wavelet entropy in the frequency range of 0.4 to 0.8 Hz is 0.0061. The wavelet entropy value in the frequency range is within the normal fluctuation range of the liquid level.
如图4所示，波动频率主要存在0～1Hz的区域，在0～0.4Hz区域和0.4～0.8Hz区域频率的幅值相差不大，两段频率幅值均小于0.35，采用小波熵进行表征，在0～0.4Hz频率范围内小波熵为0.0971，在0.4～0.8Hz频率范围内小波熵为0.0963，所属频率区间的小波熵值位于液面异常波动范围。As shown in Figure 4, the fluctuation frequency mainly exists in the 0-1Hz region. The frequency amplitudes in the 0-0.4Hz region and the 0.4-0.8Hz region are not much different. The frequency amplitudes of the two frequency ranges are both less than 0.35. They are characterized by wavelet entropy. , the wavelet entropy in the frequency range of 0 to 0.4 Hz is 0.0971, and the wavelet entropy in the frequency range of 0.4 to 0.8 Hz is 0.0963. The wavelet entropy value in the frequency range is located in the abnormal fluctuation range of the liquid level.
结合图3、4中结晶器液面正、异常波动相对应的工艺参数，可以明确，基于本实施例中结晶器液面异常波动所产生的原因是塞棒位置上升约3mm，说明浸入式水口存在一定程度的结瘤，且异常段的塞棒位置变化较正常段波动加剧，可能有部分结瘤物水口处脱落，从而影响了结晶器液面波动。Combined with the process parameters corresponding to positive and abnormal fluctuations in the crystallizer liquid level in Figures 3 and 4, it can be clearly understood that the cause of the abnormal fluctuations in the crystallizer liquid level in this embodiment is that the stopper rod position rises by about 3mm, indicating that the immersed nozzle There is a certain degree of nodulation, and the position change of the stopper rod in the abnormal section is more volatile than that of the normal section. Some of the nodules may fall off at the water inlet, thus affecting the fluctuation of the crystallizer liquid level.
实施例2Example 2
本实施例用于板坯连铸生产过程(铸坯断面尺寸1500mm×220mm)，包括如下步骤：This embodiment is used in the slab continuous casting production process (slab cross-section size 1500mm×220mm), including the following steps:
在现场稳定浇注的前提下，以一定的采集频率采集一段时间内结晶器液面波动及其相关的工艺参数；Under the premise of stable pouring on site, the crystallizer liquid level fluctuations and related process parameters within a period of time are collected at a certain collection frequency;
基于快速傅立叶变换和小波熵相结合的分析法，对结晶器液面波动数据进行分析，应用快速傅立叶变换提取出不同时间段的液面波动所对应的频率区间和幅值范围，并利用小波熵将频率等信息结合做出统一的表征，与历史正常、异常波动所对应的小波熵值进行对比，从而对结晶器的液面波动做出准确判别。Based on the analysis method that combines fast Fourier transform and wavelet entropy, the crystallizer liquid level fluctuation data is analyzed, and the fast Fourier transform is used to extract the frequency range and amplitude range corresponding to the liquid level fluctuation in different time periods, and the wavelet entropy is used Frequency and other information are combined to create a unified representation, which is compared with the wavelet entropy values corresponding to historical normal and abnormal fluctuations, so as to accurately identify the liquid level fluctuations of the crystallizer.
如图5所示，波动频率主要存在0～1Hz的区域，在0～0.4Hz区域频率集中，该频率段幅值小于0.2，而频率在0.4～0.8Hz的区域幅值小于0.1，采用小波熵进行表征，在0～0.4Hz频率范围内小波熵为0.0179，在0.4～0.8Hz频率范围内小波熵为0.0071，所属频率区间的小波熵值位于液面正常波动范围。As shown in Figure 5, the fluctuation frequency mainly exists in the region of 0 to 1 Hz. The frequency is concentrated in the region of 0 to 0.4 Hz. The amplitude of this frequency range is less than 0.2, while the amplitude of the frequency range of 0.4 to 0.8 Hz is less than 0.1. Using wavelet entropy Characterized, the wavelet entropy is 0.0179 in the frequency range of 0 to 0.4 Hz, and the wavelet entropy in the frequency range of 0.4 to 0.8 Hz is 0.0071. The wavelet entropy value in the frequency range is within the normal fluctuation range of the liquid level.
如图6所示，波动频率主要存在0～1Hz的区域，在0～0.4Hz区域和0.4～0.8Hz区域频率的幅值相差不大，两段频率幅值均小于0.4，采用小波熵进行表征，在0～0.4Hz频率范围内小波熵为0.1007，在0.4～0.8Hz频率范围内小波熵为0.1200，所属频率区间的小波熵值位于液面异常波动范围。As shown in Figure 6, the fluctuation frequency mainly exists in the 0-1Hz region. The amplitudes of the frequencies in the 0-0.4Hz region and the 0.4-0.8Hz region are not much different. The amplitudes of the two frequencies are both less than 0.4, and are characterized by wavelet entropy. , the wavelet entropy in the frequency range of 0 to 0.4 Hz is 0.1007, and the wavelet entropy in the frequency range of 0.4 to 0.8 Hz is 0.1200. The wavelet entropy value in the frequency range is located in the abnormal fluctuation range of the liquid level.
结合图5、6中结晶器液面正、异常波动相对应的工艺参数，可以明确，基于本实施例中结晶器液面异常波动所产生的原因是中间包温度下降约15℃，此时中间包温度区间处于过热度下限，甚至可能低于规定过热度，钢液流动性变差，影响了夹杂物的上浮去除，加快了水口的结瘤速率，使得塞棒位置变化加剧，从而产生了结晶器液面异常波动。Combined with the process parameters corresponding to positive and abnormal fluctuations in the crystallizer liquid level in Figures 5 and 6, it can be clearly understood that the cause of the abnormal fluctuations in the crystallizer liquid level in this embodiment is that the temperature of the tundish drops by about 15°C. The package temperature range is at the lower limit of superheat, and may even be lower than the specified superheat. The fluidity of the molten steel becomes poor, which affects the floating removal of inclusions, accelerates the nodulation rate at the nozzle, intensifies the change in the position of the stopper rod, and produces crystallization. The fluid level in the instrument fluctuates abnormally.
实施例3Example 3
本实施例基于某厂带有电磁制动装置的板坯结晶器(铸坯断面尺寸1200mm×230mm)连铸生产板坯过程，包括如下步骤：This embodiment is based on the continuous casting process of producing slabs in a slab mold (slab cross-section size 1200mm×230mm) with an electromagnetic braking device in a certain factory, including the following steps:
在现场稳定浇注的前提下，以一定的采集频率采集一段时间内结晶器液面波动及其相关的工艺参数；Under the premise of stable pouring on site, the crystallizer liquid level fluctuations and related process parameters within a period of time are collected at a certain collection frequency;
基于快速傅立叶变换和小波熵相结合的分析法，对结晶器液面波动数据进行分析，应用快速傅立叶变换提取出不同时间段的液面波动所对应的频率区间和幅值范围，并利用小波熵将频率等信息结合做出统一的表征，与历史正常、异常波动所对应的小波熵值进行对比，从而对结晶器的液面波动做出准确判别。Based on the analysis method that combines fast Fourier transform and wavelet entropy, the crystallizer liquid level fluctuation data is analyzed, and the fast Fourier transform is used to extract the frequency range and amplitude range corresponding to the liquid level fluctuation in different time periods, and the wavelet entropy is used Frequency and other information are combined to create a unified representation, which is compared with the wavelet entropy values corresponding to historical normal and abnormal fluctuations, so as to accurately identify the liquid level fluctuations of the crystallizer.
如图7所示，波动频率主要存在0～1Hz的区域，在0～0.4Hz区域频率集中，该频率段幅值小于0.25，而频率在0.4～0.8Hz的区域幅值小于0.15，采用小波熵进行表征，在0～0.4Hz频率范围内小波熵为0.0507，在0.4～0.8Hz频率范围内小波熵为0.0143，所属频率区间的小波熵值位于液面正常波动范围。As shown in Figure 7, the fluctuation frequency mainly exists in the region of 0 to 1 Hz. The frequency is concentrated in the region of 0 to 0.4 Hz. The amplitude of this frequency range is less than 0.25, while the amplitude of the frequency range of 0.4 to 0.8 Hz is less than 0.15. Using wavelet entropy Characterized, the wavelet entropy is 0.0507 in the frequency range of 0 to 0.4 Hz, and the wavelet entropy in the frequency range of 0.4 to 0.8 Hz is 0.0143. The wavelet entropy value in the frequency range is within the normal fluctuation range of the liquid level.
如图8所示，波动频率主要存在0～1.5Hz的区域，在0～0.4Hz区域频率集中，该频率段幅值小于1，0.4～0.8Hz区域频率的幅值小于0.3，采用小波熵进行表征，在0～0.4Hz频率范围内小波熵为0.1912，在0.4～0.8Hz频率范围内小波熵为0.0360，所属频率区间的小波熵值位于液面异常波动范围。As shown in Figure 8, the fluctuation frequency mainly exists in the 0-1.5Hz area. The frequency is concentrated in the 0-0.4Hz area. The amplitude of this frequency range is less than 1. The amplitude of the frequency in the 0.4-0.8Hz area is less than 0.3. Wavelet entropy is used to conduct the analysis. Symptoms show that the wavelet entropy in the frequency range of 0 to 0.4 Hz is 0.1912, and the wavelet entropy in the frequency range of 0.4 to 0.8 Hz is 0.0360. The wavelet entropy value in the frequency range is within the abnormal fluctuation range of the liquid level.
结合图7、8中结晶器液面正、异常波动相对应的工艺参数，可以明确，基于本实施例中结晶器液面异常波动所产生的原因是拉速提升了0.2m/min，当拉速由1.4m/min提升至1.6m/min后，0～0.4Hz频率区域的幅值和相应的小波熵值有较大幅度增加，造成了的结晶器的异常波动。Combined with the process parameters corresponding to positive and abnormal fluctuations in the crystallizer liquid level in Figures 7 and 8, it can be clearly understood that the reason for the abnormal fluctuations in the crystallizer liquid level in this embodiment is that the pulling speed increased by 0.2m/min. After the speed increased from 1.4m/min to 1.6m/min, the amplitude of the 0-0.4Hz frequency region and the corresponding wavelet entropy value increased significantly, causing abnormal fluctuations in the crystallizer.
通过以上3个实施例直观体现快速傅立叶变换与小波熵相结合的分析法可精确判别结晶器液面的正常、异常波动，证明了本判别方法的可行性，可对连铸生产过程铸坯质量做进一步预判，且基于不同类型结晶器均可采用本方法，根据判别结果，分析对比正常、异常波动所对应的相关工艺参数，查找异常波动产生的原因，可有效控制结晶器的异常波动，从而提高铸坯质量和连铸生产效率。Through the above three embodiments, it is intuitively demonstrated that the analysis method combining fast Fourier transform and wavelet entropy can accurately identify the normal and abnormal fluctuations of the crystallizer liquid level, which proves the feasibility of this identification method and can evaluate the quality of the slab during the continuous casting production process. To make further predictions, this method can be used for different types of crystallizers. Based on the identification results, the relevant process parameters corresponding to normal and abnormal fluctuations are analyzed and compared to find the causes of abnormal fluctuations, which can effectively control the abnormal fluctuations of the crystallizer. Thereby improving the casting quality and continuous casting production efficiency.
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是在本发明的发明构思下，利用本发明说明书内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Under the inventive concept of the present invention, equivalent structural transformations made by using the contents of the description of the present invention, or directly/indirectly applied in other related The technical fields are all included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.
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