CN115067359A - Ag离子负载的黑色TiO2纳米光催化杀菌材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
Ag离子负载的黑色TiO2纳米光催化杀菌材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于光催化杀菌材料技术领域,涉及Ag离子负载的黑色TiO2纳米光催化杀菌材料及其制备方法。所述的制备方法包括如下步骤:(1)将苯扎氯铵、纳米二氧化钛和溶剂混合,获得混合液;(2)对所述的混合液进行球磨处理,然后加热干燥得到粉末样品;(3)将所述的粉末样品与NaBH4粉末混合并研磨,然后放入管式炉中进行热处理一段时间,并通入Ar气进行保护;(4)将热处理后的混合粉末分散于去离子水中进行离心除杂离子处理,进一步超声处理后在搅拌下加入含银离子的盐,干燥得到Ag@b‑TiO2。利用本发明的制备方法,能够操作简单方便、易于实现、消耗低、产率高、可重复性好、适合大规模生产、对环境无二次污染的制备纳米光催化杀菌材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于光催化杀菌材料技术领域,涉及Ag离子负载的黑色TiO2纳米光催化杀菌材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
光催化技术是一种高效的解决环境污染和改善公共卫生的技术。二氧化钛(TiO2)是一种稳定、廉价的高效无机光催化材料,由于其高光催化性、高稳定性、低毒性、廉价、绿色环保等优势,TiO2能在紫外线的激发下发生光催化反应,将有机物无差别的最终分解为二氧化碳和水。因此,TiO2可用于清除有机物、杀菌、消毒、污水处理等领域。
然而,太阳光中仅有4-5%的紫外光成分,极大地限制了TiO2的光催化应用。为了更好的实现TiO2在自然条件下的应用,通过对其进行金属/非金属离子掺杂、贵金属负载、构造异质结半导体等改性手段,使其能够实现太阳光响应。此外,对TiO2本身进行改性,也可以实现可见光催化。
黑色纳米二氧化钛(b-TiO2)是利用氢将部分Ti4+离子还原为Ti3+离子,使TiO2吸收光谱延伸到可见光区,实现可见光响应。因此,在可见光照射下,黑色TiO2纳米光催化材料能够实现高效的光催化杀菌的功效。然而,黑色纳米二氧化钛分散性差、抗离子能力差,极易团聚和沉降,使其比表面积急剧减小,极大地影响其光催化效率及应用范围。
银自古就应用于杀菌消毒,是一种古老的杀菌剂。相比而言,银离子具有更高的安全性、更好的杀灭效果、广谱的消杀性、无耐药性,对于超级细菌也具有强烈的杀灭效果。然而,银离子易被氯离子等消耗、易流失、见光易分解、被细胞吸收量有限,这极大地限制着含银离子消毒剂的杀灭效果;若仅通过提高剂量来达到杀灭效果,又会对人体和环境造成不可估量的伤害,且不符合环保的排放标准。因此,如何制备安全稳定的含银杀菌消毒剂一直是研究的重点。纳米二氧化钛可以作为一种优异的银离子的载体,不仅可以增强离子的稳定性,而且还能增强其杀菌效率;同时,银离子的添加也使纳米二氧化钛在无光照条件下得到了杀菌的效果,金属离子负载纳米二氧化钛具有比金属离子和纳米二氧化钛本身更优异的杀菌效果。然而,由于胶体的电荷稳定性,纳米二氧化钛分散液中能够添加的银离子浓度极为有限,如何提高纳米二氧化钛对银离子的负载量极为关键。
苯扎氯铵是一种阳离子表面活性剂,可用于纳米材料表面改性,提高纳米材料的分散性。与此同时,苯扎氯铵还是一种常用的季铵盐杀菌材料,属于低效杀毒剂,常用于食品工业、饮用水、家用洗涤剂等,但对于部分微生物杀灭效果差,易产生抗药性。季铵盐与银离子的复合杀菌剂却具有很好的杀菌作用,有研究表明,3ppm的季铵盐与0.4ppm的Ag离子混合,对金黄色葡萄球菌在1mim的杀灭效率达到99.97%,而任何单一成分却无效。因此,联合苯扎氯铵与银离子,不仅可以增强杀菌效率,而且可以大大减少各组分的剂量,获得更高的生物安全性。
发明内容
本发明的首要目的是提供一种Ag离子负载的黑色TiO2纳米光催化杀菌材料的制备方法,以能够操作简单方便、易于实现、消耗低、产率高、可重复性好、适合大规模生产、对环境无二次污染的制备Ag离子负载的黑色TiO2纳米光催化杀菌材料。
为实现此目的,在基础的实施方案中,本发明提供一种Ag离子负载的黑色TiO2纳米光催化杀菌材料的制备方法,所述的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将苯扎氯铵、纳米二氧化钛(优选为商业化的P25型二氧化钛,其晶粒度为20nm)和溶剂混合,获得混合液;
(2)对所述的混合液进行球磨处理,然后加热干燥得到粉末样品;
(3)将所述的粉末样品与NaBH4粉末混合并研磨,然后放入管式炉中进行热处理一段时间,并通入Ar气进行保护;
(4)将热处理后的混合粉末分散于去离子水中进行离心除杂离子处理,进一步超声处理后在搅拌下加入含银离子的盐,干燥得到所述的Ag离子负载的黑色TiO2纳米光催化杀菌材料,即Ag@b-TiO2(优选制备得到Ag@b-TiO2纳米材料的平均粒径为20nm)。
在一种优选的实施方案中,本发明提供一种Ag离子负载的黑色TiO2纳米光催化杀菌材料的制备方法,其中步骤(1)中,所述的苯扎氯铵、纳米二氧化钛的质量比为50-99:1。
在一种优选的实施方案中,本发明提供一种Ag离子负载的黑色TiO2纳米光催化杀菌材料的制备方法,其中步骤(1)中,所述的溶剂选自水、乙醇、聚乙二醇中的一种或多种(优选为无水乙醇)。
在一种优选的实施方案中,本发明提供一种Ag离子负载的黑色TiO2纳米光催化杀菌材料的制备方法,其中步骤(2)中,所述的球磨处理的时间为2-6h(优选为5h)。
在一种优选的实施方案中,本发明提供一种Ag离子负载的黑色TiO2纳米光催化杀菌材料的制备方法,其中步骤(2)中,所述的加热干燥的温度为40-100℃(优选为80℃),时间为2-8h(优选为4h)。
在一种优选的实施方案中,本发明提供一种Ag离子负载的黑色TiO2纳米光催化杀菌材料的制备方法,其中步骤(3)中,
所述的粉末样品中的二氧化钛与所述的NaBH4粉末的混合质量比为4:(0.5-1)(优选为4:1);
所述的研磨的时间为20-120min(优选为30min);
所述的热处理的温度为200-400℃(优选为300℃),时间为0.5-3h(优选为1h);
通入Ar气的流量控制为使管式炉腔体保持微正压。
在一种优选的实施方案中,本发明提供一种Ag离子负载的黑色TiO2纳米光催化杀菌材料的制备方法,其中步骤(4)中,
混合粉末中的二氧化钛与去离子水的质量比为0.1-10:100(优选为1:100);
所述的离心除杂离子处理的离心转速为500-5000rpm(优选为5000rpm),时间为10-40min(优选为30min);
所述的超声处理的时间为1-4h(优选为1h),功率为80-300W(优选为240W)。
在一种优选的实施方案中,本发明提供一种Ag离子负载的黑色TiO2纳米光催化杀菌材料的制备方法,其中步骤(4)中,
所述的含银离子的盐为硝酸银;
加入含银离子的盐后Ag离子的浓度为10-1000ppm(优选为100ppm);
所述的搅拌的转速为100-1000rpm(优选为500rpm),时间为10-120min(优选为1h)。
在一种优选的实施方案中,本发明提供一种Ag离子负载的黑色TiO2纳米光催化杀菌材料的制备方法,其中步骤(4)中,所述的干燥的温度为40-100℃,时间为2-6h。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种Ag离子负载的黑色TiO2纳米光催化杀菌材料,以能够尺寸均匀,分散性、光催化效果和杀菌效果好。
为实现此目的,在基础的实施方案中,本发明提供一种Ag离子负载的黑色TiO2纳米光催化杀菌材料,所述的纳米光催化杀菌材料由根据前述的制备方法制备得到。
本发明的有益效果在于,利用本发明的Ag离子负载的黑色TiO2纳米光催化杀菌材料及其制备方法,能够操作简单方便、易于实现、消耗低、产率高、可重复性好、适合大规模生产、对环境无二次污染的制备Ag离子负载的黑色TiO2纳米光催化杀菌材料,制得纳米光催化杀菌材料尺寸均匀,分散性、光催化效果和杀菌效果好。
本发明的有益效果具体体现在:
1)本发明中,可见光响应的黑色纳米二氧化钛代替了常用的紫外光激发的P25纳米二氧化钛用于杀菌。相比而言,黑色纳米二氧化钛可在更广泛的区域实现有效的杀菌,具有更广阔的应用前景。此外,为了改善黑色纳米二氧化钛分散性不佳的问题,季铵盐表面活性剂苯扎氯铵作为一种表面修饰物实现了黑色纳米二氧化钛的原位分散;以惰性气体氩气为保护气体,不仅有利于还原得到黑色TiO2,而且能够有效抑制表面活性剂的高温分解,使其发挥其应有作用。原位分散的黑色纳米二氧化钛保持了其大的比表面积,得到了可见光响应的光催化杀菌纳米材料。
2)本发明中,Ag离子不仅可以吸附在TiO2上,还能够有效的吸附在苯扎氯铵上。苯扎氯铵不仅能抑制纳米TiO2的团聚,还能够通过氨基吸附Ag离子从而增大其在纳米二氧化钛上的吸附量,阻止金属离子的流失,进一步促进金属离子的缓释效果,增强复合材料的长久抗菌效果。此外,苯扎氯铵和Ag离子的协同作用使复合纳米材料具有超强的杀菌效果,即便在无光照的情况下,依然具有很好的杀菌效果。由于表面活性剂的存在,直接干燥制备粉体材料得以实现,粉体材料重新分散后,其粒径不增大。另外,上述方法操作简单、方便、易于实现、耗时短、消耗低、成本低、产率高、可重复性好,适合大规模生产或者对环境无二次污染。
3)基于本发明的制备方法,可以实现对商业化的纳米二氧化钛进行改性,使其具备在任何场景下的杀菌效果,而且具有强效的可见光催化杀菌能力的二氧化钛进一步负载银进一步增强了其杀菌能力。本发明的制备方法具备大规模产业化的能力,拓展了纳米二氧化钛在空气净化、杀菌等方面的应用。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制得的Ag@b-TiO2纳米材料的透射电子显微镜成像图。
图2为实施例1制得的Ag@b-TiO2纳米材料对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌杀灭作用的表征图。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例对本发明的具体实施方式作出进一步的说明。各实施例中使用的硝酸银、硼氢化钠和苯扎氯铵均购买自阿拉丁试剂,使用的P25型纳米二氧化钛购自赢创工业集团。
实施例1:Ag@b-TiO2纳米材料的制备
(1)将3g的P25粉末、0.03g的苯扎氯铵置于玛瑙研钵中,加入5mL无水乙醇并混合均匀,随后转移到球磨罐中进行球磨5h(500rpm);
(2)将球磨后的样品转移到烘箱中,在80℃条件下干燥4h;
(3)将干燥得到的粉末与0.8g NaBH4在研钵中研磨30分钟,随后转移到管式炉中在氩气氛中300℃下进行热处理1h;
(4)将热处理后的粉末分散在去离子水中,在2000rpm条件下离心处理30min以去除多余的苯扎氯铵,然后进行超声处理1h(240W),最后重新分散于去离子水中使TiO2的固质量含量为1%;
(5)超声处理后的分散液,在搅拌的条件下加入一定量的AgNO3,使分散液中Ag离子的含量为100ppm,在常温常压下持续搅拌1h;
(6)将所得到的分散液在100℃条件下蒸干,得到复合纳米杀菌材料粉体。
本实施例制备得到的Ag@b-TiO2纳米材料较稳定,可以在室温下存放1年以上其分散液不会出现沉淀现象。将本实施例所得的Ag@b-TiO2纳米材料进行表征,结果如图1-2所示。其中,图1是Ag@b-TiO2纳米材料的低倍透射电子显微镜成像图;图2是Ag@b-TiO2纳米材料在室内光环境下对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的杀灭效果图,并与单组份做对比。
从图1可以看出,Ag@b-TiO2纳米材料无团聚现象。
图2比较了Ag@b-TiO2与其各单组份对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的杀灭率。可以看出,按照GB 30706-2014标准中规定的方法测试,在光照强度为1500勒克斯的环境下,在复合纳米材料浓度仅为1ppm时,对两种细菌的30min的杀灭率达到95%,具有抗菌效果;在相同的测试环境下,单独Ag离子(浓度为20ppm)、b-TiO2(0.1wt%)和DDBAC(100ppm)在更高浓度下,其杀菌率均不超过50%,均不具有抗菌作用。
显然,本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样,倘若对本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其同等技术的范围之内,则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。上述实施例或实施方式只是对本发明的举例说明,本发明也可以以其它的特定方式或其它的特定形式实施,而不偏离本发明的要旨或本质特征。因此,描述的实施方式从任何方面来看均应视为说明性而非限定性的。本发明的范围应由附加的权利要求说明,任何与权利要求的意图和范围等效的变化也应包含在本发明的范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种Ag离子负载的黑色TiO2纳米光催化杀菌材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将苯扎氯铵、纳米二氧化钛和溶剂混合,获得混合液;
(2)对所述的混合液进行球磨处理,然后加热干燥得到粉末样品;
(3)将所述的粉末样品与NaBH4粉末混合并研磨,然后放入管式炉中进行热处理一段时间,并通入Ar气进行保护;
(4)将热处理后的混合粉末分散于去离子水中进行离心除杂离子处理,进一步超声处理后在搅拌下加入含银离子的盐,干燥得到所述的Ag离子负载的黑色TiO2纳米光催化杀菌材料,即Ag@b-TiO2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,所述的苯扎氯铵、纳米二氧化钛的质量比为50-99:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,所述的溶剂选自水、乙醇、聚乙二醇中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,所述的球磨处理的时间为2-6h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,所述的加热干燥的温度为40-100℃,时间为2-8h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,
所述的粉末样品中的二氧化钛与所述的NaBH4粉末的混合质量比为4:(0.5-1);
所述的研磨的时间为20-120min;
所述的热处理的温度为200-400℃,时间为0.5-3h;
通入Ar气的流量控制为使管式炉腔体保持微正压。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中,
混合粉末中的二氧化钛与去离子水的质量比为0.1-10:100;
所述的离心除杂离子处理的离心转速为500-5000rpm,时间为10-40min;
所述的超声处理的时间为1-4h,功率为80-300W。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中,
所述的含银离子的盐为硝酸银;
加入含银离子的盐后Ag离子的浓度为10-1000ppm;
所述的搅拌的转速为100-1000rpm,时间为10-120min。
9.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中,所述的干燥的温度为40-100℃,时间为2-6h。
10.一种Ag离子负载的黑色TiO2纳米光催化杀菌材料,其特征在于:所述的纳米光催化杀菌材料由根据权利要求1-9中任意一项所述的制备方法制备得到。
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