CN115026600A - Five-axis CNC (computer numerical control) machining and milling center - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a five-axis CNC (computer numerical control) machining and milling center, which comprises a shell, a reciprocating driving mechanism and an A-axis driving mechanism, wherein the shell is provided with a first shaft and a second shaft; a housing: a base I is arranged at the upper end between a left plate body and a right plate body, two X-axis gauges which are symmetrically distributed are arranged on the front side surface of the base I, the two X-axis gauges are respectively in sliding connection with sliding grooves formed in the rear side surface of a sliding block I, a base III is arranged at the lower end of the front side surface of the sliding block I, a Z-axis gauge is arranged inside the base III, a sliding block III is connected above the Z-axis gauge in sliding connection, a base II is arranged at the lower end of the left plate body and the right plate body of a shell, two Y-axis gauges which are symmetrically distributed are arranged on the front side surface of the base II, and the Y-axis gauges are respectively in sliding connection with the sliding grooves formed in the rear side surface of the sliding block II; this five-axis milling machining center utilizes assembly pulley driven principle to drive the inside part of machining center and carries out reciprocating motion regulation, can reduce the operational load of the inside motor of machining center, reduces machining center's loss.

Description

A five-axis CNC machining and milling center

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of precision mechanical milling, in particular to a five-axis CNC machining and milling center.

Background technique

Milling refers to the operation of using a machining center to remove materials from a workpiece. Since the workpiece needs to be milled on multiple surfaces of the material during the machining process, in order to improve the machining speed of the workpiece, a five-axis machining center is usually used to mill the workpiece. Machining, the five-axis machining center has rotatable A-axis and C-axis in addition to the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis, and the five-axis machining center in the prior art performs reciprocating linear motion on the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis In this case, the screw drive is often used, which is driven by the motor to rotate the screw. The motor has a large operating load, which makes the loss of the machining center too large and the service life shortened. For this reason, we propose a Five-axis CNC machining milling center.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the existing defects and provide a five-axis CNC machining and milling center, which can reduce the running load of the internal motor of the machining center, reduce the loss of the machining center, and can effectively solve the problems in the background technology. .

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a five-axis CNC machining and milling center, comprising a casing, a reciprocating drive mechanism and an A-axis drive mechanism;

Shell: the upper end between the left and right sides of the plate body is provided with a base I, the front side of the base I is provided with two symmetrically distributed X-axis gauges, and the two X-axis gauges are respectively connected with the chute on the rear side of the slider I Sliding connection, the lower end of the front side of the slider I is provided with a base III, the interior of the base III is provided with a Z-axis gauge, the upper part of the Z-axis gauge is slidably connected with a slide block III, and the lower ends of the left and right sides of the housing are provided with a base. The front side of base II and base II are provided with two symmetrically distributed Y-axis gauges, and the Y-axis gauges are respectively slidably connected with the chute opened on the rear side of slider II;

Reciprocating drive mechanism: respectively arranged on the upper end of the front side of the base I, the right side of the upper surface of the base III and the middle of the rear side of the base II. sliding connection;

A-axis drive mechanism: It is set in the middle of the front side of the slider II. It uses the principle of pulley drive to drive the internal parts of the machining center to adjust the reciprocating motion, which can reduce the running load of the internal motor of the machining center, reduce the loss of the machining center, and increase the machining center. service life of the center.

Further, it also includes a PLC controller, the PLC controller is arranged in the square opening opened at the lower end of the left side of the casing, and the input end of the PLC controller is electrically connected to an external power supply to regulate the normal operation of the device.

Further, the reciprocating drive mechanism includes a fixed seat, a No. 1 motor, a winding wheel, a runner, a pulling wire and a driving pulley, and the fixed seat is respectively arranged on the upper end of the front side of the base I and the upper surface of the base III. On the right side and the middle of the rear side of the base II, the No. 1 motor is respectively installed in the installation opening opened in the middle of the fixing base, the reels are respectively connected to the outer end of the output shaft of the No. 1 motor, and the runners are respectively set on the base. The left and right ends of the front side of I, the front and rear sides of the upper surface of the base III, and the upper and lower ends of the rear side of the base II. The driving pulleys are respectively connected to the middle of the front side of the slider I and the middle of the upper surface of the slider III. and the middle of the rear side of the rear side plate of the slider II, the left and right ends of the base I, the upper end of the base II, and the front and rear ends of the base III are provided with clamping points, and the middle of the cable is wound on the winding wire respectively. Outside the wheel, the two ends of the pull wire respectively bypass the winding wheel at the corresponding end, and then are wound back by the driving wheel and finally fixed on the card point. The input end of the No. 1 motor is electrically connected to the output end of the PLC controller to drive the device Do a reciprocating motion.

Further, the A-axis drive mechanism includes a No. 2 motor, a worm, a turbine, a vertical seat and a connecting plate, the vertical seat is symmetrically arranged on the left and right ends of the front side of the slider II, and the No. 2 motor is arranged on the left side through the mounting frame. The rear end of the vertical seat on the side, the worm is arranged at the front end of the output shaft of the No. 2 motor, the connecting plate is connected between the two vertical seats through the rotation of the rotating rod, the turbine is arranged at the left end of the left rotating rod, and the worm is meshed with the turbine. The input end of the motor is electrically connected to the output end of the PLC controller to realize the rotation of the A axis.

Further, it also includes a C-axis drive mechanism, the C-axis drive mechanism is arranged in the installation opening opened in the middle of the front side of the connecting plate, and can drive the workpiece to rotate through the C-axis.

Further, the C-axis drive mechanism includes a No. 3 motor, a driving gear, a driven gear and a workbench, the No. 3 motor is arranged in the installation port opened in the middle of the rear side of the connecting plate, and the driving gear is arranged on the output shaft of the No. 3 motor. At the front end, the passive gear is rotatably connected to the installation port opened in the middle of the front side of the connecting plate through the bearing. The passive gear is meshed with the driving gear. The worktable is set at the front end of the passive gear. , can drive the workpiece to rotate through the C axis.

Further, it also includes a machine tool spindle, No. 4 motor, a first pulley and a second pulley, the machine tool spindle is rotatably connected to the rotating hole opened at the lower end of the slider III, and the No. 4 motor is arranged on the front end of the right side of the base III. , the first pulley is set at the front end of the output shaft of the No. 4 motor, the second pulley is set at the front end of the machine tool spindle, the first pulley and the second pulley are connected by belt transmission, the rear end of the machine tool spindle is provided with a milling cutter, and the No. The input ends are all electrically connected to the output end of the PLC controller, so as to realize the high-speed rotation of the milling cutter and perform the milling operation on the workpiece.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the five-axis CNC milling machining center has the following advantages:

Use an external fixture to fix the blank in the middle of the front side of the worktable, input the running program into the PLC controller through the data input port on the PLC controller, the operator opens the program, and the five-axis machining center starts the workpiece milling operation , among them, the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis can realize reciprocating linear motion, while the A-axis and C-axis can perform rotary motion. The knife rotates at high speed to mill the material. When the machining center is in a reciprocating linear motion, the No. 1 motor works, the output shaft drives the winding wheel to rotate, the winding wheel rotates, the pulling wire at one end is tightened, and the pulling wire at the other end is released, so as to This is driven by the driving pulley to drive the corresponding slider I, slider II or slider III to slide along the corresponding wire gauge respectively. Since the driving pulley, the runner and the winding wheel together form a pulley block, according to the principle of labor saving of the moving pulley, it can be reduced. The working load of the No. 1 motor, the No. 2 motor drives the connecting plate to rotate through the worm and the turbine, which can realize the angle adjustment of the A-axis, and the No. 3 motor drives the table to rotate through the driving gear and the passive gear. The milling cutter processes different surfaces of the material, and uses the principle of pulley drive to drive the internal parts of the machining center to adjust the reciprocating motion, which can reduce the operating load of the internal motor of the machining center, reduce the loss of the machining center, and increase the service life of the machining center.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the A-axis drive mechanism of the present invention;

3 is a schematic structural diagram of the reciprocating drive mechanism of the present invention controlling the movement of the X-axis;

4 is a schematic structural diagram of the reciprocating drive mechanism of the present invention controlling Z-axis movement;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the reciprocating drive mechanism of the present invention controlling the movement of the Y-axis.

In the figure: 1 shell, 2 PLC controller, 3 base I, 4 base II, 5 slider I, 6 base III, 7 reciprocating drive mechanism, 71 fixed seat, 72 No. 1 motor, 73 winding wheel, 74 runner, 75 pull wire, 76 drive wire pulley, 8 A-axis drive mechanism, 81 No. 2 motor, 82 worm, 83 turbine, 84 vertical seat, 85 connecting plate, 9 C-axis drive mechanism, 91 No. 3 motor, 92 active Gear, 93 driven gear, 94 table, 10 X axis gauge, 11 Y axis gauge, 12 Z axis gauge, 13 machine tool spindle, 14 slider II, 15 slider III, 16 No. 4 motor, 17 First pulley, 18 Second pulley.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

1-5, this embodiment provides a technical solution: a five-axis CNC machining and milling center, including a housing 1, a reciprocating drive mechanism 7 and an A-axis drive mechanism 8;

Shell 1: Shell 1 provides an installation place for other components. The upper end between the left and right sides of the plate body is provided with a base I3, and the front side of the base I3 is provided with two symmetrically distributed X-axis gauges 10, two X-axis The gauges 10 are respectively slidably connected with the chute opened on the rear side of the slider I5. The lower end of the front side of the slider I5 is provided with a base III6, the interior of the base III6 is provided with a Z-axis gauge 12, and the upper part of the Z-axis gauge 12 is slidably connected with a Slider III15, the lower ends of the left and right sides of the shell 1 are provided with a base II4, and the front side of the base II4 is provided with two symmetrically distributed Y-axis gauges 11. The sliding connection of the chute also includes a PLC controller 2. The PLC controller 2 regulates the normal operation of the device. The PLC controller 2 is arranged in the square port opened at the lower end of the left side of the casing 1, and the input end of the PLC controller 2 is electrically connected to an external power supply. ;

Reciprocating drive mechanism 7: The reciprocating drive mechanism 7 can drive the device to perform reciprocating motion, and is respectively arranged on the upper end of the front side of the base I3, the right side of the upper surface of the base III6 and the middle of the rear side of the base II4. Three reciprocating drive mechanisms 7 Slidingly connected with the X-axis gauge 10, the Y-axis gauge 11 and the Z-axis gauge 12, respectively, the reciprocating drive mechanism 7 includes a fixed seat 71, a No. 1 motor 72, a winding wheel 73, a runner 74, a pulling wire 75 and a driving wire wheel 76, The fixing bases 71 are respectively arranged on the upper end of the front side of the base I3, the right side of the upper surface of the base III6 and the middle part of the rear side of the base II4. The No. 1 motor 72 is respectively arranged in the installation opening opened in the middle of the fixing base 71. 73 are respectively rotatably connected to the outer end of the output shaft of the No. 1 motor 72, and the runners 74 are respectively arranged on the left and right ends of the front side of the base I3, the front and rear sides of the upper surface of the base III6, and the rear side of the base II4. At both ends, the driving pulley 76 is rotatably connected to the middle of the front side of the slider I5, the middle of the upper surface of the slider III15, and the middle of the rear side of the rear side plate of the slider II14, the left and right ends of the base I3, the base II4 Both upper ends of the upper end and the front and rear ends of the base III6 are provided with clamping points, the middle part of the pull wire 75 is respectively wrapped around the outside of the reel 73, and the ends on both sides of the pull wire 75 bypass the corresponding end of the reel 73 and then The driving pulley 76 is wound back and finally fixed on the clamping point. The input end of the No. 1 motor 72 is electrically connected to the output end of the PLC controller 2, and also includes the machine tool spindle 13, the No. 4 motor 16, the first pulley 17 and the second pulley. 18. The main shaft 13 of the machine tool is rotatably connected to the rotating hole opened at the lower end of the slider III 15, the No. 4 motor 16 is arranged at the front end of the right side of the base III 6, the first pulley 17 is arranged at the front end of the output shaft of the No. 4 motor 16, the second The pulley 18 is arranged at the front end of the machine tool spindle 13, the first pulley 17 and the second pulley 18 are connected through a belt drive, the rear end of the machine tool spindle 13 is provided with a milling cutter, and the input end of the No. 4 motor 16 is electrically connected to the PLC controller 2. At the output end, use an external fixture to fix the blank on the middle of the front side of the table 94, input the running program into the PLC controller 2 through the data input port on the PLC controller 2, and the operator opens the program to make the five-axis machining center. The workpiece milling operation begins, wherein the X, Y and Z axes can achieve reciprocating linear motion, the A and C axes can perform rotary motion, and the No. 4 motor 16 passes through the first pulley 17 and the second pulley 18. The transmission drives the main shaft 13 of the machine tool and the milling cutter on the rear side to rotate at a high speed to mill the material. When the machining center performs a reciprocating linear motion, the No. 1 motor 72 works, and the output shaft drives the winding wheel 73 to rotate, and the winding wheel 73 rotates. The pull wire 75 at one end is tightened, and the pull wire 75 at one end is released, so as to drive the corresponding slider I 5, slider II 14 or slider III 15 through the driving pulley 76 to slide along the corresponding wire gauge respectively. 76. The runner 74 and the reel 73 together form a pulley block. According to the labor-saving principle of the moving pulley, the working load of the No. 1 motor 72 can be reduced ;

A-axis drive mechanism 8: The A-axis drive mechanism 8 drives the material to rotate through the A-axis, and is arranged in the middle of the front side of the slider II 14. The A-axis drive mechanism 8 includes a No. 2 motor 81, a worm 82, a turbine 83, a stand 84 and The connecting plate 85, the vertical seat 84 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right ends of the front side of the slider II14, the No. 2 motor 81 is arranged on the rear end of the left vertical seat 84 through the mounting bracket, and the worm 82 is arranged on the front end of the output shaft of the No. 2 motor 81 , the connecting plate 85 is rotatably connected between the two vertical seats 84 through the rotating rod, the turbine 83 is arranged on the left end of the rotating rod on the left side, the worm 82 is meshed with the turbine 83, and the input end of the No. 2 motor 81 is electrically connected to the PLC controller. At the output end of 2, the No. 2 motor 81 drives the connecting plate 85 to rotate through the worm 82 and the turbine 83, which can realize the angle adjustment of the A-axis;

Wherein: also includes a C-axis drive mechanism 9, the C-axis drive mechanism 9 is arranged in the installation opening opened in the middle of the front side of the connecting plate 85, and the C-axis drive mechanism 9 includes a No. 3 motor 91, a driving gear 92, a driven gear 93 and a workbench 94 The No. 3 motor 91 is arranged in the installation opening opened in the middle of the rear side of the connecting plate 85, the driving gear 92 is arranged at the front end of the output shaft of the No. 3 motor 91, and the driven gear 93 is connected to the installation opening in the middle of the front side of the connecting plate 85 through bearing rotation. , the passive gear 93 is meshed with the driving gear 92, the worktable 94 is arranged at the front end of the passive gear 93, the input end of the third motor 91 is electrically connected to the output end of the PLC controller 2, and the third motor 91 passes the driving gear 92 and the passive The gear 93 drives the table 94 to rotate, so that the angle of the C-axis can be adjusted, and then different surfaces of the material can be processed by the milling cutter.

The working principle of a five-axis CNC machining and milling center provided by the present invention is as follows: use an external fixture to fix the blank in the middle of the front side of the worktable 94, and input the data into the PLC controller 2 through the data input port on the PLC controller 2. Running the program, the operator opens the program to make the five-axis machining center start the workpiece milling operation. Among them, the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis can realize reciprocating linear motion, A-axis and C-axis can perform rotary motion, four The No. 1 motor 16 drives the machine tool spindle 13 and the milling cutter on the rear side to rotate at a high speed through the transmission of the first pulley 17 and the second pulley 18 to perform milling processing on the material. When the machining center performs a reciprocating linear motion, the No. 1 motor 72 works and outputs The shaft drives the reel 73 to rotate, the reel 73 rotates, the pull wire 75 at one end is tightened, and the pull wire 75 at one end is released, so as to drive the corresponding slider I 5, slider II 14 or slider through the driving pulley 76 III 15 slides along the corresponding wire gauges respectively. Since the driving pulley 76, the runner 74 and the winding pulley 73 together form a pulley block, according to the labor-saving principle of the moving pulley, the work load of the No. 1 motor 72 can be reduced, and the No. 2 motor 81 can pass through the worm. 82 and the turbine 83 drive the connecting plate 85 to rotate, which can realize the angle adjustment of the A-axis. Machining on different sides.

It is worth noting that the No. 1 motor 72, the No. 2 motor 81 and the No. 3 motor 91 disclosed in the above embodiments can all be selected as stepping motors with a model of QS42HS34-ZK2-M6, and the No. 4 motor 16 can be selected with a model of KZG150 -301201203R7 high-speed motor, the PLC controller 2 controls the No. 1 motor 72, the No. 2 motor 81, the No. 3 motor 91 and the No. 4 motor to work using methods commonly used in the prior art.

The above descriptions are only the embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the contents of the description and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technologies Fields are similarly included in the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A five-axis CNC machining and milling center, characterized in that it comprises a casing (1), a reciprocating drive mechanism (7) and an A-axis drive mechanism (8); Shell (1): the upper end between the left and right sides of the plate body is provided with a base I (3), the front side of the base I (3) is provided with two symmetrically distributed X-axis gauges (10), two X-axis The gauge (10) is respectively slidably connected with the chute provided on the rear side of the slider I (5). Z-axis gauge (12), slide block III (15) is slidably connected above the Z-axis gauge (12), base II (4) is provided on the lower ends of the left and right sides of the shell (1), base II (4) ) is provided with two symmetrically distributed Y-axis gauges (11), and the Y-axis gauges (11) are respectively slidably connected with the chute provided on the rear side of the slider II (14); Reciprocating drive mechanism (7): respectively arranged on the upper end of the front side of the base I (3), the right side of the upper surface of the base III (6) and the middle of the rear side of the base II (4), three reciprocating drive mechanisms ( 7) Slidingly connect with X-axis gauge (10), Y-axis gauge (11) and Z-axis gauge (12) respectively; A-axis drive mechanism (8): arranged in the middle of the front side of the slider II (14). 2 . The five-axis CNC machining and milling center according to claim 1 , further comprising a PLC controller ( 2 ), and the PLC controller ( 2 ) is arranged at the lower end of the left side of the casing ( 1 ) to open In the square mouth of the PLC controller (2), the input terminal of the PLC controller (2) is electrically connected to the external power supply. 3 . The five-axis CNC machining and milling center according to claim 2 , wherein the reciprocating drive mechanism ( 7 ) comprises a fixed seat ( 71 ), a No. 1 motor ( 72 ), and a winding wheel ( 73 ). 4 . , runner (74), pull wire (75) and driving wire wheel (76), the fixed seat (71) is respectively arranged on the upper end of the front side of the base I (3), and the upper right side of the upper surface of the base III (6). side and the middle of the rear side of the base II (4), the No. 1 motor (72) is respectively arranged in the installation opening opened in the middle of the fixing base (71), and the reels (73) are respectively rotatably connected to the No. 1 motor (72). At the outer end of the output shaft, the runners (74) are respectively arranged at the left and right ends of the front side of the base I (3), the front and rear sides of the upper surface of the base III (6), and the rear side of the base II (4). At the upper and lower ends, the driving pulleys (76) are rotatably connected to the middle of the front side of the slider I (5), the middle of the upper surface of the slider III (15), and the middle of the rear side of the rear side plate of the slider II (14). , the left and right ends of the base I (3), the upper two ends of the base II (4), and the front and rear ends of the base III (6) are provided with snap points, and the middle part of the pull wire (75) is wound on the winding wire respectively. Outside the pulley (73), the ends of the two sides of the pull wire (75) respectively go around the winding pulley (73) at the corresponding end, and then are wound back by the driving pulley (76) and finally fixed on the card point, the No. 1 motor (72) The input terminals are all electrically connected to the output terminal of the PLC controller (2). 4. A five-axis CNC machining and milling center according to claim 2, characterized in that: the A-axis drive mechanism (8) comprises a No. 2 motor (81), a worm (82), a turbine (83), a vertical The seat (84) and the connecting plate (85), the vertical seat (84) is symmetrically arranged on the left and right ends of the front side of the slider II (14), and the No. 2 motor (81) is arranged on the left vertical seat through the mounting frame (84) Rear end, the worm (82) is arranged at the front end of the output shaft of the No. 2 motor (81), the connecting plate (85) is rotatably connected between the two vertical seats (84) through the rotating rod, and the turbine (83) is arranged at On the left end of the left rotating rod, the worm (82) is meshed with the turbine (83), and the input end of the second motor (81) is electrically connected to the output end of the PLC controller (2). 5 . The five-axis CNC machining and milling center according to claim 4 , further comprising a C-axis drive mechanism ( 9 ), the C-axis drive mechanism ( 9 ) being arranged on the front side of the connecting plate ( 85 ). 6 . Inside the installation opening in the middle. 6. A five-axis CNC machining and milling center according to claim 5, characterized in that: the C-axis drive mechanism (9) comprises a No. 3 motor (91), a driving gear (92), and a driven gear (93) and the worktable (94), the No. 3 motor (91) is arranged in the installation opening opened in the middle of the rear side of the connecting plate (85), the driving gear (92) is arranged at the front end of the output shaft of the No. 3 motor (91), and the driven gear (93) is rotatably connected to the installation port opened in the middle of the front side of the connecting plate (85) through the bearing, the driven gear (93) is meshed with the driving gear (92), and the worktable (94) is arranged at the front end of the driven gear (93), The input ends of the third motor (91) are all electrically connected to the output ends of the PLC controller (2). 7. A five-axis CNC machining and milling center according to claim 2, characterized in that it further comprises a machine tool spindle (13), a No. 4 motor (16), a first pulley (17) and a second pulley (18) , the machine tool spindle (13) is rotatably connected to the rotating hole opened at the lower end of the slider III (15), the No. 4 motor (16) is arranged at the front end of the right side of the base III (6), and the first pulley (17) Set at the front end of the output shaft of the No. 4 motor (16), the second pulley (18) is set at the front end of the machine tool spindle (13), the first pulley (17) and the second pulley (18) are connected by belt drive, and the machine tool spindle ( The rear end of 13) is provided with a milling cutter, and the input end of the No. 4 motor (16) is electrically connected to the output end of the PLC controller (2).

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