CN114905052A - Laser 3D printing multi-metal material forming device and working method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser 3D printing multi-metal material forming device, comprising an optical path system, a bottom plate, a powder collecting module, a left vertical plate, a right vertical plate, a powder dropping module, a powder feeding mechanism, a sliding rail, a sliding connection block and a rear scraper , L-shaped bracket, powder storage bar and front scraper, the bottom plate, left vertical plate and right vertical plate form a molding cabin, the powder collecting module is located at the front end below the bottom plate, the powder dropping module and the powder feeding mechanism The powder feeding mechanism is located behind the powder dropping module. The invention organically integrates the powder feeding mechanism and the powder spreading mechanism, does not occupy the space of the molding cabin, and utilizes the powder spreading and compacting functions of the laser selective melting technology and the real-time powder feeding function of the laser cladding technology, breaking through the laser selective melting technology. The limitation of only forming a single material realizes the integrated rapid prototyping of various metal materials and broadens the application field.

Description

Laser 3D printing multi-metal material forming device and working method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to a laser 3D printing multi-metal material forming device and a working method thereof.

Background

As one of additive manufacturing technologies, Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is based on the principle of "discrete + stacking", a three-dimensional model is designed by using three-dimensional design software, converted into two-dimensional data information, and transferred into a molding device, a high-energy Laser beam is used as a heat source to melt powder raw materials point by point, lap joint path by path, and layer by layer, and a mold and a cutter are not needed, so that high-precision and high-performance parts with a complex geometric space structure are finally formed, and the method is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, marine engineering of ships, automobile industry, biomedical treatment and the like.

At present, domestic selective laser melting equipment can only mold one material, cannot meet the requirements of the industry on molding of integrated parts made of multiple materials, influences the continuity of molding once the cabin is opened and powder is changed, is not beneficial to performance guarantee and limits application. Chinese patent CN106735218B discloses a rotary multi-cylinder multi-material laser selective melting forming device and method, a rotary forming cylinder mechanism and a rotary powder cylinder mechanism are arranged on one side of a powder spreading mechanism side by side, a straight line formed by connecting a forming cylinder rotating shaft of the rotary forming cylinder mechanism and a powder cylinder rotating shaft of the rotary powder cylinder mechanism is parallel to a linear guide rail of the powder spreading mechanism, when the powder spreading mechanism spreads and brushes powder, powder on the rotary powder cylinder mechanism is spread on the rotary forming cylinder mechanism, a laser is used for operating above the rotary forming cylinder mechanism, the cyclic processing of heterogeneous materials and a plurality of parts is realized, the working efficiency is improved, but the forming size of the parts is limited, the powder feeding cylinder occupies the inner space of a forming cabin, and the recycled powder materials are easily polluted. Chinese patent CN108907189A discloses a multi-material forming device and method based on metal 3D printing, which utilizes a powder leaking nozzle to leak powder according to a powder leaking path, organically combines a powder leaking device and a powder laying device, improves the applicability of multi-material, but the powder still can not be separately recovered, and the powder laying strip pulls the powder leaking pipe in the operation process, easily causes the disconnection of the powder leaking pipe to cause gas leakage, and causes dust raising. Therefore, a selective laser melting device which can meet the molding of various materials, separate recovery of powder raw materials and the advantages of powder feeding and powder laying needs to be researched.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems and the defects in the background technology and provides a laser 3D printing multi-metal material forming device and a working method thereof.

The invention respectively recovers different metal powder materials, has the real-time conveying capacity of the powder feeding mechanism and the compacting capacity of the powder spreading mechanism, and realizes the integrated rapid molding of various metal materials.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a laser 3D prints many metal material forming device, includes optical path system, still includes bottom plate, collection powder module, left riser, right riser, the powder module that falls, send whitewashed mechanism, slide rail, sliding connection piece, back scraper, L type support, stores up bean noodles and preceding scraper, the shaping cabin body is constituteed to bottom plate, left riser and right riser, collection powder module is located bottom plate below front end, the powder module that falls with send whitewashed mechanism to be located bottom plate top rear side, send whitewashed mechanism to be located the powder module rear that falls.

The inner sides of the left vertical plate and the right vertical plate are parallelly provided with a pair of slide rails, two pairs of L-shaped supports are symmetrically arranged above the slide rails, two ends of the stored vermicelli are respectively arranged on the slide rails in a sliding mode through one sliding connection block, one side of the stored vermicelli is provided with the rear scraper, and the other side of the stored vermicelli is provided with the front scraper.

The bottom plate is provided with a molding cylinder, a first molding base plate, a second molding base plate, a first piston, a second piston, a powder receiving cylinder, a powder falling port and a powder receiving channel, the powder receiving cylinder is arranged at the front end of the bottom plate, the powder falling port is formed at the intersection of the powder receiving cylinder and the bottom plate, the lower end of the powder receiving cylinder is connected with the powder receiving channel, the molding cylinder is arranged behind the powder receiving cylinder on the bottom plate, the first molding base plate and the second molding base plate are arranged in the molding cylinder, the second molding base plate surrounds the periphery of the first molding base plate, the first piston is arranged at the lower end of the first molding base plate, the four second pistons are arranged at the lower end of the second molding base plate along the circumferential direction of the second molding base plate, and the light path system is arranged above the first molding base plate and the second molding base plate;

powder collection module includes three collection powder structure, hob, pillar, shaft coupling III and third driving motor, every collection powder structure is including collection powder groove, guide rail strip, collection powder box, handle and third slider, every in the collection powder structure, it is a pair of guide rail strip parallel arrangement in collection powder inslot side, collection powder box pass through guide rail strip slidable mounting in collection powder groove, collection powder box outer end sets up the handle, collection powder tank bottom end is equipped with the third slider, the third slider with the hob transmission is connected, the hob both ends install in on the pillar, hob one end is passed pass behind the pillar pass through shaft coupling III with the third driving motor transmission is connected.

The bottom of the left vertical plate is positioned above the forming cylinder and is provided with an air outlet, the bottom of the right vertical plate is positioned above the forming cylinder and is provided with an air inlet, the upper ends of the left vertical plate and the right vertical plate are respectively provided with a left support and a right support corresponding to the powder falling module, and the inner side of the right vertical plate is positioned below the right support and is provided with a support.

The powder falling module comprises a powder falling box, clamping blocks, a coupler IV, a micro motor, a powder falling channel and rolling fan blades, wherein the lower part of an inlet of the upper part of the powder falling box, which is funnel-shaped, is of a rectangular hollow structure, the two ends of the powder falling box are respectively provided with one clamping block, two clamping blocks are respectively installed in the left support and the right support, the upper part of the inner side of the powder falling channel is provided with the rolling fan blades, one end of each rolling fan blade penetrates through the powder falling box, the coupler IV is connected with the micro motor in a transmission mode, and the micro motor is installed on the support.

The powder feeding mechanism comprises a first driving motor, a coupler I, a second driving motor, a coupler II, a first lead screw, a first sliding block, a clamp I, a first powder feeding nozzle, a first powder feeding pipe, a second lead screw, a second sliding block, a clamp II, a second powder feeding nozzle and a second powder feeding pipe, wherein two ends of the first lead screw and the second lead screw are respectively arranged on two pairs of L-shaped supports, one end of the first lead screw is in transmission connection with the first driving motor through the coupler II, one end of the second lead screw is in transmission connection with the second driving motor through the coupler I, the first sliding block is arranged on the first lead screw, the clamp I is arranged at the front end of the first sliding block, the first powder feeding nozzle is clamped in the clamp I, one end of the first powder feeding nozzle extends out of the first powder feeding pipe, and the second sliding block is arranged on the second lead screw, the front end of the second sliding block is provided with the clamp II, the second powder feeding nozzle is clamped in the clamp II, and the top end of the second powder feeding nozzle extends out of one second powder feeding pipe.

Store up and be equipped with the powder chamber of hollow structure in the vermicelli, store up the vermicelli upper end and be not higher than powder case lower extreme and first powder shower nozzle lower extreme nozzle and second powder shower nozzle end nozzle of sending, store up the vermicelli bottom and set up down the powder mouth.

The laser device further comprises a heater, the heater is arranged at the lower end of each of the first forming substrate and the second forming substrate, and the laser adopted by the optical path system is a Bessel beam.

Further, the size of the powder collecting box inlet is larger than that of the powder collecting channel.

Further, the length of the spiral rod is greater than the length of the five powder collecting grooves.

The powder conveying device further comprises a powder conveyer, the diameter of the nozzle of the first powder conveying nozzle and the diameter of the nozzle of the second powder conveying nozzle are smaller than 1mm, and inlets of the first powder conveying pipe and the second powder conveying pipe are connected with the powder conveyer.

Furthermore, the sliding connection block is driven by a motor through a belt.

Further, the rear scraper and the front scraper are made of high-speed steel, and arc-shaped cutting edges are arranged at the bottoms of the rear scraper and the front scraper.

The invention also provides a working method of the laser 3D printing multi-metal material forming device, which comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: and connecting inert protective gas, enabling the inert protective gas to enter from the gas inlet and be discharged from the gas outlet, manufacturing a molding bottom plate according to the molding size of the part, and installing the molding bottom plate on the first molding substrate or the second molding substrate according to the size of the molding bottom plate.

Step two: according to the attribute requirement of the formed part material, adding a first metal powder material into the powder dropping box, moving the sliding connection block along the sliding rail to enable the powder storage strips to be arranged at the lower end of the powder dropping box, starting the third driving motor, moving the third sliding block along the screw rod to enable the powder collecting box of a first powder collecting structure to be arranged at the lower end of the powder collecting channel, controlling the micro motor to drive the rolling fan blades to rotate, enabling the first metal powder material to fall into the powder cavity along the powder dropping channel, moving the sliding connection block along the sliding rail to drive the powder storage strips to pass through the forming bottom plate, enabling the first metal powder material to fall out along the powder dropping opening, uniformly paving the powder storage bottom plate under the action of the rear scraper, and enabling the redundant first metal powder material to enter the powder collecting cylinder from the powder dropping opening, the first metal powder material is recovered after the first metal powder material falls into the first powder collecting box through the powder collecting channel.

Step three: and after the scanning is finished, the first piston and the second piston respectively control the first forming substrate and the second forming substrate to descend by the height of one layer thickness, the sliding connection block moves along the sliding rail in the opposite direction, and the front scraper spreads the next layer of powder.

Step four: and repeating the third step until the first metal powder material is completely molded.

Step five: according to the attribute requirement of the material of the molded part, the first powder feeding pipe is communicated with a second metal powder material to mold the second metal powder material, the sliding connection block moves along the slide rail to enable the powder storage strip to be arranged below the first powder feeding spray head, the second metal powder material falls into the first powder feeding spray head along the first powder feeding pipe, the second driving motor is controlled to enable the first sliding block to move along the first lead screw, the second metal powder material falls into the powder cavity from the nozzle of the first powder feeding spray head, the third driving motor is controlled to enable the third sliding block to move along the screw rod to enable the powder collection box of the second powder collection structure to be arranged at the lower end of the powder collection channel, the sliding connection block moves along the slide rail to drive the powder storage strip to pass through a molded entity, and the second metal powder material falls out along the powder outlet, evenly spread on the shaping entity under the effect of back scraper, unnecessary second kind metal powder material is followed powder mouth gets into receive in the powder jar, the process receive the powder passageway and fall to the second in the collection powder box, accomplish the recovery of second kind metal powder material.

Step six: repeating the third step until the second metal powder material is completely molded;

step seven: according to the attribute requirements of the materials of the molded parts, communicating the second powder feeding pipe with a third metal powder material to mold the third metal powder material, moving the sliding connection block along the slide rail to enable the powder storage strip to be arranged below the second powder feeding spray head, enabling the third metal powder material to fall into the second powder feeding spray head along the second powder feeding pipe, controlling a first driving motor to enable a second sliding block to move along the second lead screw, enabling the third metal powder material to fall into the powder cavity through a nozzle of the second powder feeding spray head, controlling a third driving motor to enable a third sliding block to move along the screw rod to enable the powder collecting box of a third powder collecting structure to be arranged at the lower end of the powder collecting channel, moving the sliding connection block along the slide rail to drive the powder storage strip to pass through a molded entity, and enabling the third metal powder material to fall out along the powder outlet, evenly spread on the shaping entity under the effect of back scraper, unnecessary third kind metal powder material is followed powder mouth gets into receive in the powder jar, the process receive the powder passageway and fall to the third in the powder collection box, accomplish the recovery of third kind metal powder material.

Step eight: and repeating the third step until the third metal powder material is completely molded.

The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

(1) the powder feeding mechanism and the powder spreading mechanism are organically integrated, the space of a molding cabin body is not occupied, the powder spreading and compacting functions of the selective laser melting technology and the real-time powder feeding function of the laser cladding technology are utilized, the limitation that the selective laser melting technology can only mold a single material is broken through, the integrated rapid molding of various metal materials is realized, and the application field is widened.

(2) The powder collecting module designed by the invention can respectively recover different powder materials, thereby avoiding cross contamination, saving material resources and reducing processing cost.

(3) The first forming substrate and the second forming substrate are coaxially arranged and respectively move or move together according to the size and the shape of the part, so that the forming size is adjustable, the powder material is saved, and the applicability is stronger.

(4) The double scrapers arranged in the invention realize bidirectional powder spreading, save printing time and improve working efficiency.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a front view of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a top view of a formed cabin according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view at a-a of fig. 3 of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view at B-B of fig. 3 in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a powder dropping box in the embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a powder feeding mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a front view of a powder feeding mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a bottom plate, 101, a forming cylinder, 102, a first forming substrate, 103, a second forming substrate, 104, a first piston, 105, a second piston, 106, a powder collecting cylinder, 107, a powder dropping port, 108, a powder collecting channel, 2, a powder collecting module, 201, a powder collecting groove, 202, a guide rail strip, 203, a powder collecting box, 204, a handle, 205, a third slide block, 206, a screw rod, 207, a support, 208, a coupling III, 209, a third driving motor, 3, a left vertical plate, 301, an air outlet, 302, a left support, 303, a first driving motor, 304, a coupling I, 4, a right vertical plate, 401, an air inlet, 402, a right support, 403, a second driving motor, 404, a coupling II, 405, a support, 5, a powder dropping module, 501, a powder dropping box, 502, a clamping block, 503, a coupling IV, 504, a micro-motor, 505, a powder dropping channel, 506, a rolling fan blade, 6, a first slide block, 602. the powder feeding device comprises a clamp I, a clamp 603, a first powder feeding spray head, a first powder feeding pipe 604, a second lead screw 7, a second lead screw 701, a second sliding block 702, a clamp II, a clamp 703, a second powder feeding spray head 704, a second powder feeding pipe 8, a sliding rail 9, a sliding connecting block 10, a rear scraper 11, an L-shaped support 12, a powder storage strip 121, a powder cavity 122, a powder discharging port 13 and a front scraper.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "both ends", "one end", "the other end", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, such as "connected," which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Examples

As shown in fig. 1, a laser 3D printing multi-metal material forming device comprises a light path system, a bottom plate 1, a powder collecting module 2, a left vertical plate 3, a right vertical plate 4, a powder falling module 5, a powder feeding mechanism, a slide rail 8, a sliding connection block 9, a rear scraper 10, an L-shaped support 11, a powder storage bar 12 and a front scraper 13, wherein the bottom plate 1, the left vertical plate 3 and the right vertical plate 4 form a forming cabin, the powder collecting module 2 is located at the front end below the bottom plate 1, the powder falling module 5 and the powder feeding mechanism are located on the rear side above the bottom plate 1, and the powder feeding mechanism is located behind the powder falling module 5. The inner sides of the left vertical plate 3 and the right vertical plate 4 are parallelly provided with a pair of slide rails 8, two pairs of L-shaped supports 11 are symmetrically arranged above the slide rails 8, two ends of the powder storage strips 12 are respectively arranged on the slide rails 8 in a sliding mode through one sliding connection block 9, one side of each powder storage strip 12 is provided with the rear scraper 10, and the other side of each powder storage strip is provided with the front scraper 13.

As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, a forming cylinder 101, a first forming substrate 102, a second forming substrate 103, a first piston 104, a second piston 105, a powder collecting cylinder 106, a powder falling port 107 and a powder collecting channel 108 are arranged on the bottom plate 1, the powder collecting cylinder 106 is arranged at the front end of the bottom plate 1, the powder falling port 107 is formed at the intersection of the powder collecting cylinder 106 and the bottom plate 1, the lower end of the powder collecting cylinder 106 is connected with the powder collecting channel 108, the forming cylinder 101 is arranged on the bottom plate 1 behind the powder collecting cylinder 106, the first forming substrate 102 and the second forming substrate 103 are arranged inside the forming cylinder 101, the second forming substrate 103 surrounds the periphery of the first forming substrate 102, the first piston 104 is arranged at the lower end of the first forming substrate 102, the four second pistons 105 are arranged at the lower end of the second forming substrate 103 along the circumferential direction thereof, the optical path system is disposed above the first and second mold substrates 102 and 103.

As shown in fig. 2, the powder collecting module 2 includes three powder collecting structures, a screw rod 206, a support 207, a coupling iii 208 and a third driving motor 209, each of the powder collecting structures includes a powder collecting groove 201, a guide rail 202, a powder collecting box 203, a handle 204 and a third slider 205, in each of the powder collecting structures, a pair of the guide rail 202 is disposed in parallel inside the powder collecting groove 201, the powder collecting box 203 is slidably mounted in the powder collecting groove 201 through the guide rail 202, the handle 204 is disposed at an outer end of the powder collecting box 203, the third slider 205 is disposed at a bottom end of the powder collecting groove 201, the third slider 205 is in transmission connection with the screw rod 206, two ends of the screw rod 206 are mounted on the support 207, and one end of the screw rod 206 is in transmission connection with the third driving motor 209 through the coupling iii 208 after passing through the support 207.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, an air outlet 301 is formed in the bottom of the left vertical plate 3 and located above the forming cylinder 101, an air inlet 401 is formed in the bottom of the right vertical plate 4 and located above the forming cylinder 101, a left support 302 and a right support 402 are respectively arranged at positions, corresponding to the powder falling module 5, of the upper ends of the left vertical plate 3 and the right vertical plate 4, and a support 405 is arranged below the right support 402 and located inside the right vertical plate 4;

as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the powder falling module 5 includes a powder falling box 501, clamping blocks 502, a coupler iv 503, a micro-motor 504, a powder falling channel 505 and rolling fan blades 506, the powder falling channel 505 is of a rectangular hollow structure at the lower part of an inlet of the upper part of the powder falling box 501, the clamping blocks 502 are respectively arranged at two ends of the powder falling box 501, the clamping blocks 502 are respectively arranged in the left bracket 302 and the right bracket 402, the rolling fan blades 506 are arranged at the upper part of the inner side of the powder falling channel 505, one end of the rolling fan blades 506 penetrates through the powder falling box 501 and is in transmission connection with the micro-motor 504 through the coupler iv 503, and the micro-motor 504 is arranged on the support 405.

As shown in fig. 3, 7 and 8, the powder feeding mechanism includes a first driving motor 303, a coupling i 304, a second driving motor 403, a coupling ii 404, a first lead screw 6, a first slider 601, a clamp i 602, a first powder feeding nozzle 603, a first powder feeding pipe 604, a second lead screw 7, a second slider 701, a clamp ii 702, a second powder feeding nozzle 703 and a second powder feeding pipe 704, two ends of the first lead screw 6 and the second lead screw 7 are respectively mounted on two pairs of L-shaped brackets 11, one end of the first lead screw 6 is in transmission connection with the first driving motor 303 through the coupling ii 404, one end of the second lead screw 7 is in transmission connection with the second driving motor 403 through the coupling i 304, the first slider 601 is disposed on the first lead screw 6, the clamp i 602 is disposed at a front end of the first slider 601, the first powder feeding nozzle 603 is clamped in the clamp i 602, the top end of the first powder feeding nozzle 603 extends out of the first powder feeding pipe 604, the second lead screw 7 is provided with the second sliding block 701, the front end of the second sliding block 701 is provided with the clamp II 702, the second powder feeding nozzle 703 is clamped in the clamp II 702, and the top end of the second powder feeding nozzle 703 extends out of the second powder feeding pipe 704;

as shown in fig. 5, a powder cavity 121 with a hollow structure is arranged in the powder storage bar 12, the upper end of the powder storage bar 12 is not higher than the lower end of the powder dropping box 501 and the lower end nozzles of the first powder feeding nozzle 603 and the second powder feeding nozzle 703, and the bottom end of the powder storage bar 12 is provided with a lower powder opening 122.

The device further comprises a heater, the heater is arranged at the lower end of each of the first molding substrate 102 and the second molding substrate 103, the light adopted by the light path system is a Bessel light beam, and the heater and the pipeline system are not shown in the figure.

As shown in fig. 1, the size of the inlet of the compact 203 is larger than the size of the powder receiving channel 108.

As shown in fig. 1, the length of the spiral rod 206 is greater than the length of five powder collecting grooves 201.

The powder conveying device further comprises a powder conveyer, the powder conveyer is not shown in the figure, the nozzle diameters of the first powder feeding spray head 603 and the second powder feeding spray head 703 are less than 1mm, and the inlets of the first powder feeding pipe 604 and the second powder feeding pipe 704 are connected with the powder conveyer.

The sliding connecting block 9 is driven by a motor through a belt.

The rear scraper 10 and the front scraper 13 are made of high-speed steel, and arc-shaped cutting edges are arranged at the bottoms of the rear scraper and the front scraper.

Working method

The working method of the laser 3D printing multi-metal material forming device comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: connecting inert protective gas, enabling the inert protective gas to enter from the gas inlet 401 and be discharged from the gas outlet 301, manufacturing a molding bottom plate according to the molding size of the part, and installing the molding bottom plate on the first molding substrate 102 or the second molding substrate 103 according to the size of the molding bottom plate.

Step two: according to the attribute requirement of the material of the molded part, a first metal powder material is added into the powder dropping box 501, the sliding connection block 9 moves along the slide rail 8, so that the powder storing strip 12 is arranged at the lower end of the powder dropping box 501, the third driving motor 209 is started, the third slider 205 moves along the screw rod 206, so that the powder collecting box 203 of the first powder collecting structure is arranged at the lower end of the powder collecting channel 108, the micro motor 504 is controlled to drive the rolling fan blades 506 to rotate, the first metal powder material falls into the powder cavity 121 along the powder dropping channel 505, the sliding connection block 9 moves along the slide rail 8, the powder storing strip 12 is driven to pass through the molding bottom plate, the first metal powder material falls out along the powder dropping port 122, the first metal powder material is uniformly laid on the molding bottom plate under the action of the rear scraper 10, and the redundant first metal powder material enters the powder collecting cylinder 106 from the powder dropping port 107, and the first metal powder material falls into the first powder collecting box 203 through the powder collecting channel 108 to finish the recovery of the first metal powder material.

Step three: the laser of the optical path system scans the metal powder material on the forming bottom plate along a predetermined track, so that the metal powder material is melted and formed to form a forming entity, after the scanning is completed, the first piston 104 and the second piston 105 respectively control the first forming substrate 102 and the second forming substrate 103 to descend by a height of one layer thickness, the sliding connection block 9 moves along the sliding rail 8 in the opposite direction, and the front scraper 13 performs the next layer powder laying.

Step four: and repeating the third step until the first metal powder material is completely molded.

Step five: according to the material property requirement of the molded part, the first powder feeding pipe 604 is communicated with a second metal powder material to mold the second metal powder material, the sliding connection block 9 moves along the slide rail 8, so that the powder storage strip 12 is arranged below the first powder feeding spray head 603, the second metal powder material falls into the first powder feeding spray head 603 along the first powder feeding pipe 604, the second driving motor 403 is controlled, the first sliding block 601 moves along the first lead screw 6, the second metal powder material falls into the powder cavity 121 from the nozzle of the first powder feeding spray head 603, the third driving motor 209 is controlled, the third sliding block 205 moves along the screw rod 206, the powder collection box 203 of the second powder collection structure is arranged at the lower end of the powder collection channel 108, and the sliding connection block 9 moves along the slide rail 8, drive store up vermicelli 12 through the shaped entity, the second metal powder material along powder mouth 122 falls out down evenly spread on the shaped entity under the effect of back scraper 10, unnecessary second metal powder material is followed powder mouth 107 that falls gets into receive among the powder jar 106, the process it falls to the second to receive powder passageway 108 in the collection powder box 203, accomplish the recovery of second metal powder material.

Step six: and repeating the third step until the second metal powder material is completely molded.

Step seven: according to the material property requirement of a molded part, the second powder feeding pipe 704 is communicated with a third metal powder material to mold the third metal powder material, the sliding connection block 9 moves along the slide rail 8 to enable the powder storage strip 12 to be arranged below the second powder feeding spray head 703, the third metal powder material falls into the second powder feeding spray head 703 along the second powder feeding pipe 704, the first driving motor 303 is controlled to enable the second sliding block 701 to move along the second lead screw 7, the third metal powder material falls into the powder cavity 121 from the nozzle of the second powder feeding spray head 703, the third driving motor 209 is controlled, the third sliding block 205 moves along the screw rod 206 to enable the powder collection box 203 of a third powder collection structure to be arranged at the lower end of the powder collection channel 108, the sliding connection block 9 moves along the slide rail 8 to drive the powder storage strip 12 to pass through a molded entity, the third metal powder material falls out along the lower powder opening 122, and is uniformly spread on the forming entity under the action of the rear scraper 10, and the redundant third metal powder material enters the powder collecting cylinder 106 from the powder falling opening 107, and falls into the third powder collecting box 203 through the powder collecting channel 108, so that the recovery of the third metal powder material is completed.

Step eight: and repeating the third step until the third metal powder material is completely molded.

IN the embodiment of the method, three alloys of IN718/316L/CuSn are taken as examples, the first metal powder material is IN718, the second metal powder material is 316L, and the third metal powder material is CuSn.

The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that are not thought of by the inventive labor should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention, and therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope defined by the claims.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a many metal material forming device of laser 3D printing, includes optical path system, its characterized in that: the powder collecting device is characterized by further comprising a bottom plate (1), a powder collecting module (2), a left vertical plate (3), a right vertical plate (4), a powder falling module (5), a powder feeding mechanism, a sliding rail (8), a sliding connecting block (9), a rear scraper (10), an L-shaped support (11), a powder storing strip (12) and a front scraper (13), wherein the bottom plate (1), the left vertical plate (3) and the right vertical plate (4) form a forming cabin body, the powder collecting module (2) is located at the front end below the bottom plate (1), the powder falling module (5) and the powder feeding mechanism are located on the rear side above the bottom plate (1), and the powder feeding mechanism is located behind the powder falling module (5);

a pair of sliding rails (8) is arranged on the inner sides of the left vertical plate (3) and the right vertical plate (4) in parallel, two pairs of L-shaped supports (11) are symmetrically arranged above the sliding rails (8), two ends of the powder storage strips (12) are arranged on the sliding rails (8) in a sliding mode through one sliding connection block (9) respectively, one side of each powder storage strip (12) is provided with the rear scraper (10), and the other side of each powder storage strip is provided with the front scraper (13);

the powder collecting device is characterized in that a forming cylinder (101), a first forming substrate (102), a second forming substrate (103), a first piston (104), a second piston (105), a powder collecting cylinder (106), a powder falling port (107) and a powder collecting channel (108) are arranged on the bottom plate (1), the powder collecting cylinder (106) is arranged at the front end of the bottom plate (1), the powder falling port (107) is formed at the intersection of the powder collecting cylinder (106) and the bottom plate (1), the lower end of the powder collecting cylinder (106) is connected with the powder collecting channel (108), the forming cylinder (101) is arranged behind the powder collecting cylinder (106) on the bottom plate (1), the first forming substrate (102) and the second forming substrate (103) are arranged inside the forming cylinder (101), the second forming substrate (103) surrounds the first forming substrate (102), and the first piston (104) is arranged at the lower end of the first forming substrate (102), four second pistons (105) are arranged at the lower end of the second molded substrate (103) along the circumferential direction of the second molded substrate, and the optical path system is arranged above the first molded substrate (102) and the second molded substrate (103);

powder collecting module (2) comprises three powder collecting structures, a spiral rod (206), a support column (207), a coupler III (208) and a third driving motor (209), each powder collecting structure comprises a powder collecting groove (201), a guide rail strip (202), a powder collecting box (203), a handle (204) and a third sliding block (205), each powder collecting structure is provided with a pair of guide rail strips (202) arranged inside the powder collecting groove (201) in parallel, the powder collecting box (203) is slidably arranged in the powder collecting groove (201) through the guide rail strips (202), the outer end of the powder collecting box (203) is provided with the handle (204), the bottom end of the powder collecting groove (201) is provided with the third sliding block (205), the third sliding block (205) is in transmission connection with the spiral rod (206), two ends of the spiral rod (206) are arranged on the support column (207), one end of the spiral rod (206) passes through the coupler (208) and the third driving motor (209) after passing through the support column (207) 209) The transmission connection is realized;

an air outlet (301) is formed in the position, above the forming cylinder (101), of the bottom of the left vertical plate (3), an air inlet (401) is formed in the position, above the forming cylinder (101), of the bottom of the right vertical plate (4), a left support (302) and a right support (402) are respectively arranged at the positions, corresponding to the powder falling module (5), of the upper ends of the left vertical plate (3) and the right vertical plate (4), a support (405) is arranged below the right support (402) on the inner side of the right vertical plate (4);

the powder dropping module (5) comprises a powder dropping box (501), clamping blocks (502), a coupler IV (503), a micro motor (504), a powder dropping channel (505) and rolling fan blades (506), wherein the upper part of the powder dropping box (501) is a funnel-shaped powder dropping channel (505) with a rectangular hollow structure at the lower part of an inlet, two ends of the powder dropping box (501) are respectively provided with one clamping block (502), the two clamping blocks (502) are respectively arranged in the left bracket (302) and the right bracket (402), the rolling fan blades (506) are arranged at the upper part of the inner side of the powder dropping channel (505), one end of each rolling fan blade (506) penetrates through the powder dropping box (501) and is in transmission connection with the micro motor (504) through the coupler IV (503), and the micro motor (504) is arranged on the support (405);

the powder feeding mechanism comprises a first driving motor (303), a shaft coupling I (304), a second driving motor (403), a shaft coupling II (404), a first lead screw (6), a first sliding block (601), a clamp I (602), a first powder feeding nozzle (603), a first powder feeding pipe (604), a second lead screw (7), a second sliding block (701), a clamp II (702), a second powder feeding nozzle (703) and a second powder feeding pipe (704), wherein two ends of the first lead screw (6) and the second lead screw (7) are respectively arranged on two pairs of L-shaped brackets (11), one end of the first lead screw (6) is in transmission connection with the first driving motor (303) through the shaft coupling II (404), one end of the second lead screw (7) is in transmission connection with the second driving motor (403) through the shaft coupling I (304), the first sliding block (601) is arranged on the first lead screw (6), the front end of the first sliding block (601) is provided with the first clamp (602), the first powder feeding nozzle (603) is clamped in the first clamp (602), the top end of the first powder feeding nozzle (603) extends out of the first powder feeding pipe (604), the second lead screw (7) is provided with the second sliding block (701), the front end of the second sliding block (701) is provided with the second clamp (702), the second powder feeding nozzle (703) is clamped in the second clamp (702), and the top end of the second powder feeding nozzle (703) extends out of the second powder feeding pipe (704);

the powder storage device is characterized in that a powder cavity (121) with a hollow structure is arranged in the powder storage bar (12), the upper end of the powder storage bar (12) is not higher than the lower end of the powder dropping box (501) and the lower end nozzles of the first powder feeding nozzle (603) and the second powder feeding nozzle (703), and the bottom end of the powder storage bar (12) is provided with a powder outlet (122).

2. The laser 3D printing multi-metal material forming device according to claim 1, wherein: the laser device is characterized by further comprising heaters, wherein the heaters are arranged at the lower ends of the first forming substrate (102) and the second forming substrate (103), and laser adopted by the optical path system is Bessel light beams.

3. The laser 3D printing multi-metal material forming device according to claim 1, wherein: the size of the inlet of the powder collecting box (203) is larger than that of the powder collecting channel (108).

4. The laser 3D printing multi-metal material forming device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the length of the spiral rod (206) is more than that of the five powder collecting grooves (201).

5. The laser 3D printing multi-metal material forming device according to claim 1, wherein: the powder conveying device further comprises a powder conveyer, the nozzle diameters of the first powder conveying spray head (603) and the second powder conveying spray head (703) are smaller than 1mm, and inlets of the first powder conveying pipe (604) and the second powder conveying pipe (704) are connected with the powder conveyer.

6. The laser 3D printing multi-metal material forming device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sliding connection block (9) is driven by a motor through a belt.

7. The laser 3D printing multi-metal material forming device according to claim 1, wherein: the rear scraper (10) and the front scraper (13) are made of high-speed steel, and arc-shaped cutting edges are arranged at the bottoms of the rear scraper and the front scraper.

8. An operating method of the laser 3D printing multi-metal material forming device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: connecting inert protective gas, enabling the inert protective gas to enter from the gas inlet (401) and be discharged from the gas outlet (301), manufacturing a molding base plate according to the molding size of the part, and installing the molding base plate on the first molding substrate (102) or the second molding substrate (103) according to the size of the molding base plate;

step two: according to the attribute requirement of the material of the molded part, adding a first metal powder material into the powder dropping box (501), moving the sliding connection block (9) along the sliding rail (8), arranging the powder storage strips (12) at the lower end of the powder dropping box (501), starting the third driving motor (209), moving the third sliding block (205) along the screw rod (206), arranging the powder collection box (203) of the first powder collection structure at the lower end of the powder collection channel (108), controlling the micromotor (504) to drive the rolling fan blades (506) to rotate, enabling the first metal powder material to fall into the powder cavity (121) along the powder dropping channel (505), moving the sliding connection block (9) along the sliding rail (8) to drive the powder storage strips (12) to pass through the molding bottom plate, and enabling the first metal powder material to fall out along the powder dropping port (122), uniformly paving the first metal powder material on the forming bottom plate under the action of the rear scraper (10), wherein the redundant first metal powder material enters the powder collecting cylinder (106) from the powder falling port (107) and falls into a first powder collecting box (203) through the powder collecting channel (108) to finish the recovery of the first metal powder material;

step three: the laser of the optical path system scans the metal powder material on the forming bottom plate along a preset track to melt and form the metal powder material to form a forming entity, after the scanning is finished, the first piston (104) and the second piston (105) respectively control the first forming substrate (102) and the second forming substrate (103) to descend by a height of one layer thickness, the sliding connection block (9) moves along the sliding rail (8) in the opposite direction, and the front scraper (13) carries out powder laying of the next layer;

step four: repeating the third step until the first metal powder material is completely molded;

step five: according to the material property requirement of a molded part, communicating the first powder feeding pipe (604) with a second metal powder material to mold the second metal powder material, moving the sliding connection block (9) along the sliding rail (8) to enable the powder storage strip (12) to be arranged below the first powder feeding spray head (603), enabling the second metal powder material to fall into the first powder feeding spray head (603) along the first powder feeding pipe (604), controlling the second driving motor (403) to enable the first sliding block (601) to move along the first lead screw (6), enabling the second metal powder material to fall into the powder cavity (121) from a nozzle of the first powder feeding spray head (603), controlling the third driving motor (209) to enable the third sliding block (205) to move along the spiral rod (206), and enabling the powder collecting box (203) of a second powder collecting structure to be arranged at the lower end of the powder collecting channel (108), the sliding connection block (9) moves along the sliding rail (8) to drive the powder storage strip (12) to pass through a forming entity, a second metal powder material falls out along the powder falling port (122) and is uniformly spread on the forming entity under the action of the rear scraper (10), and the redundant second metal powder material enters the powder collecting cylinder (106) from the powder falling port (107) and falls into a second powder collecting box (203) through the powder collecting channel (108) to complete the recovery of the second metal powder material;

step six: repeating the third step until the second metal powder material is completely molded;

step seven: according to the material property requirement of a molded part, the second powder feeding pipe (704) is communicated with a third metal powder material to mold the third metal powder material, the sliding connection block (9) moves along the sliding rail (8), so that the powder storage strip (12) is arranged below the second powder feeding spray head (703), the third metal powder material falls into the second powder feeding spray head (703) along the second powder feeding pipe (704), a first driving motor (303) is controlled, the second sliding block (701) moves along the second lead screw (7), the third metal powder material falls into the powder cavity (121) from a nozzle of the second powder feeding spray head (703), a third driving motor (209) is controlled, the third sliding block (205) moves along the spiral rod (206), so that the powder collecting box (203) of a third powder collecting structure is arranged at the lower end of the powder collecting channel (108), the sliding connection block (9) moves along the sliding rail (8) to drive the powder storage strip (12) to pass through a forming entity, a third metal powder material falls out along the powder falling port (122), the third metal powder material is uniformly spread on the forming entity under the action of the rear scraper (10), and the redundant third metal powder material enters the powder collecting cylinder (106) from the powder falling port (107) and falls into a third powder collecting box (203) through the powder collecting channel (108) to complete the recovery of the third metal powder material;

step eight: and repeating the third step until the third metal powder material is completely molded.

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