CN114703376A - Oxygen-enriched bottom blowing one-step copper smelting method - Google Patents
Oxygen-enriched bottom blowing one-step copper smelting method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000000739 chaotic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052960 marcasite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009856 non-ferrous metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNQQFQRHFNVNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ca].[Fe] Chemical compound [Ca].[Fe] WNQQFQRHFNVNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CMFUZVSDFIHEAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Si].[Ca] Chemical compound [Fe].[Si].[Ca] CMFUZVSDFIHEAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
- C22B15/0028—Smelting or converting
- C22B15/003—Bath smelting or converting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于有色冶金技术领域，提供了一种富氧底吹一步炼铜的方法。本发明将铜精矿、熔剂和燃料混合，采用富氧变频底吹进行熔体混沌搅拌熔炼；所述富氧变频底吹的气体为富氧空气；富氧空气的流量为变频调控流量；变频调控流量符合公式1：
The invention belongs to the technical field of non-ferrous metallurgy and provides an oxygen-rich bottom blowing one-step copper smelting method. The invention mixes copper concentrate, flux and fuel, and adopts oxygen-enriched frequency conversion bottom blowing to carry out chaotic stirring and smelting of the melt; the gas of the oxygen-enriched frequency conversion bottom blowing is oxygen-enriched air; The regulated flow conforms to Equation 1:
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及有色冶金技术领域，尤其涉及一种富氧底吹一步炼铜的方法。The invention relates to the technical field of non-ferrous metallurgy, in particular to a method for one-step copper smelting by oxygen-rich bottom blowing.
背景技术Background technique
目前火法炼铜主要包括熔炼、吹炼和精炼三个工序。At present, fire copper smelting mainly includes three processes: smelting, blowing and refining.
熔炼作为火法炼铜的核心工艺，一直是国内外学者研究的重点，先后涌现了奥托昆普闪速熔炼、印柯闪速熔炼、诺兰达熔炼、三菱法熔炼、澳斯麦特熔炼等现代强化熔炼技术，这些富氧强化熔炼技术都解决了传统造锍熔炼过程效率低、能耗高、污染严重等问题，但是也各自存在一些问题，如闪速熔炼的烟气含尘量大，导致烟气处理困难，同时对原料的要求较高；艾萨熔炼/澳斯麦特熔炼无法实现自热式熔炼，需要添加燃剂补充热量，炉体和喷枪寿命较短等。Smelting, as the core process of fire copper smelting, has always been the focus of research by scholars at home and abroad. and other modern enhanced smelting technologies, these oxygen-enriched enhanced smelting technologies have solved the problems of low efficiency, high energy consumption and serious pollution in the traditional matte smelting process, but they also have some problems, such as the high dust content in the flue gas of flash smelting. , resulting in difficult flue gas treatment and higher requirements for raw materials; Aesar smelting/Ausmelt smelting cannot achieve self-heating smelting, and needs to add fuel to supplement heat, and the furnace body and lance have a short life.
世界上90％的吹炼均由P-S转炉完成，熔炼炉产出的铜锍需通过铜锍包转运至P-S转炉，这导致运输过程中和吹炼过程的进料放渣都存在SO2烟气逸散，使得P-S转炉吹炼作业车间的操作环境差。此外，吹炼过程中产出的烟气量和烟气中的SO2浓度都在很大范围内波动，给后续制酸过程带来麻烦。90% of the blowing in the world is done by PS converter, and the copper matte produced by the smelting furnace needs to be transported to the PS converter through the copper matte bag, which leads to the presence of SO2 flue gas in the transportation process and the feed slag during the blowing process. Evaporation makes the operating environment of the PS converter blowing workshop poor. In addition, the amount of flue gas produced during the blowing process and the concentration of SO 2 in the flue gas fluctuate in a wide range, which brings trouble to the subsequent acid production process.
一步炼铜则是将熔炼和吹炼在同一个炉子内完成，其主要优点是：烟气中SO2浓度高且连续排放，易于制酸；减少能源消耗；降低生产成本和运营成本。但是现有的一步炼铜的过程中，由于需要直接将矿石中的铜硫化物直接氧化成粗铜，这导致熔炼过程中氧气的分压P(O2)控制在较高水平，高氧势使Fe3O4从渣中析出，导致熔渣粘度增大，流动性降低，容易引起泡沫渣。One-step copper smelting is to complete smelting and blowing in the same furnace, and its main advantages are: high concentration of SO2 in flue gas and continuous emission, easy to make acid ; reduce energy consumption; reduce production costs and operating costs. However, in the existing one-step copper smelting process, copper sulfide in the ore needs to be directly oxidized to blister copper, which leads to the control of the partial pressure of oxygen P(O 2 ) in the smelting process at a high level, and the high oxygen potential The Fe 3 O 4 is precipitated from the slag, which increases the viscosity of the molten slag and reduces the fluidity, which is easy to cause foam slag.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种富氧底吹一步炼铜的方法。本发明提供的一步炼铜的方法能够避免现有的一步炼铜方法中易产生泡沫渣的问题。In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for one-step copper smelting by oxygen-rich bottom blowing. The one-step copper smelting method provided by the present invention can avoid the problem of easy generation of foamy slag in the existing one-step copper smelting method.
为了实现上述发明目的，本发明提供以下技术方案：In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
本发明提供了一种富氧底吹一步炼铜的方法，包括以下步骤：The invention provides a kind of oxygen-rich bottom blowing one-step copper smelting method, comprising the following steps:
将铜精矿、熔剂和燃料混合，富氧变频底吹，进行熔体混沌搅拌熔炼；The copper concentrate, flux and fuel are mixed, oxygen-enriched frequency conversion bottom blowing, and the melt is chaotic stirring and smelting;
所述富氧变频底吹的气体为富氧空气；The gas for the oxygen-enriched frequency conversion bottom blowing is oxygen-enriched air;
所述富氧空气的流量为变频调控流量；所述变频调控流量符合公式1：The flow rate of the oxygen-enriched air is the frequency conversion regulation flow; the frequency conversion regulation flow conforms to formula 1:
公式1中，μ＝4，xt为瞬时流量，xmax为最大流量；In formula 1, μ=4, x t is the instantaneous flow, and x max is the maximum flow;
所述富氧空气的流量波动为-20％～20％。The flow fluctuation of the oxygen-enriched air is -20% to 20%.
优选地，所述富氧空气中氧气的体积含量为50～70％。Preferably, the volume content of oxygen in the oxygen-enriched air is 50-70%.
优选地，所述熔体混沌搅拌熔炼在底吹炉中进行。Preferably, the melt chaotic stirring smelting is carried out in a bottom-blown furnace.
优选地，所述熔体混沌搅拌熔炼的过程中，所述底吹炉中氧气分压的对数lgPO2为-7～-4。Preferably, in the process of chaotic stirring and smelting of the melt, the logarithm of the partial pressure of oxygen in the bottom blowing furnace, lgP O2 , is -7 to -4.
优选地，所述熔体混沌搅拌熔炼的温度为1160～1300℃。Preferably, the temperature of the melt chaotic stirring and smelting is 1160-1300°C.
优选地，所述熔体混沌搅拌熔炼得到粗铜、熔炼渣和烟气；所述粗铜的厚度为50～60cm，所述熔炼渣的厚度为60～70cm。Preferably, the melt is chaotically stirred and smelted to obtain blister copper, smelting slag and flue gas; the thickness of the blister copper is 50-60 cm, and the thickness of the smelting slag is 60-70 cm.
优选地，所述熔炼渣包括硅铁渣、钙铁渣和钙铁硅渣。Preferably, the smelting slag includes ferrosilicon slag, calcium iron slag and calcium iron silicon slag.
优选地，所述铜精矿的品位为≥35％。Preferably, the grade of the copper concentrate is ≥35%.
优选地，所述熔剂包括CaO、SiO2和FeS2的一种或多种。Preferably, the flux includes one or more of CaO, SiO 2 and FeS 2 .
本发明提供了一种富氧底吹一步炼铜的方法，包括以下步骤：将铜精矿、熔剂和燃料混合，采用富氧变频底吹，进行熔体混沌搅拌熔炼；所述富氧变频底吹的气体为富氧空气；所述富氧空气的流量为变频调控流量；所述变频调控流量符合公式1：The invention provides an oxygen-enriched bottom blowing one-step copper smelting method, which comprises the following steps: mixing copper concentrate, flux and fuel, and adopting oxygen-enriched frequency conversion bottom blowing to carry out melt chaotic stirring smelting; The gas blown is oxygen-enriched air; the flow rate of the oxygen-enriched air is the frequency conversion regulation flow; the frequency conversion regulation flow conforms to formula 1:
公式1中，μ＝4，xt为瞬时流量，xmax为最大流量；所述富氧空气的流量波动为-20％～20％。本发明采用富氧变频底吹进行熔体混沌搅拌熔炼，能够减少Fe3O4的生成，降低熔炼渣粘度，减少了泡沫渣的生成；同时，富氧变频底吹实现了熔体混沌搅拌，增强了熔炼过程的传热传质效果，提高冶炼效率，防止泡沫渣的产生。In formula 1, μ=4, x t is the instantaneous flow rate, and x max is the maximum flow rate; the flow fluctuation of the oxygen-enriched air is -20% to 20%. The invention adopts oxygen-enriched frequency conversion bottom blowing for melt chaotic stirring and smelting, which can reduce the generation of Fe 3 O 4 , reduce the viscosity of smelting slag, and reduce the generation of foam slag; The heat and mass transfer effect of the smelting process is enhanced, the smelting efficiency is improved, and the generation of foamy slag is prevented.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明提供的富氧底吹一步炼铜的方法使用的底吹炉的结构示意图，其中，1为主烧嘴，2为炉体，3为进料口，4为烟道口，5为辅助烧嘴，6为放渣口，7为放铜口，8为喷枪。1 is a schematic structural diagram of a bottom-blown furnace used in the oxygen-rich bottom-blowing one-step copper smelting method provided by the present invention, wherein 1 is a main burner, 2 is a furnace body, 3 is a feed port, 4 is a flue port, and 5 For the auxiliary burner, 6 is the slag discharge port, 7 is the copper discharge port, and 8 is the spray gun.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明提供了一种富氧底吹一步炼铜的方法，包括以下步骤：The invention provides a kind of oxygen-rich bottom blowing one-step copper smelting method, comprising the following steps:
将铜精矿、熔剂和燃料混合，采用富氧变频底吹，进行熔体混沌搅拌熔炼；Mix copper concentrate, flux and fuel, and use oxygen-enriched frequency conversion bottom blowing to carry out chaotic stirring and smelting of melt;
所述富氧变频底吹的气体为富氧空气；The gas for the oxygen-enriched frequency conversion bottom blowing is oxygen-enriched air;
所述富氧空气的流量为变频调控流量；所述变频调控流量符合公式1：The flow rate of the oxygen-enriched air is the frequency conversion regulation flow; the frequency conversion regulation flow conforms to formula 1:
公式1中，μ＝4，xt为瞬时流量，xmax为最大流量；In formula 1, μ=4, x t is the instantaneous flow, and x max is the maximum flow;
所述富氧空气的流量波动为-20％～20％。。The flow fluctuation of the oxygen-enriched air is -20% to 20%. .
在本发明中，如无特殊说明，本发明所用原料均优选为市售产品。In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in the present invention are preferably commercially available products.
在本发明中，所述铜精矿的品位优选为≥35％。在本发明中，所述铜精矿的粒径优选为0.1～0.3mm。在本发明中，所述铜精矿的含水率优选为5～10％。In the present invention, the grade of the copper concentrate is preferably ≥35%. In the present invention, the particle size of the copper concentrate is preferably 0.1 to 0.3 mm. In the present invention, the water content of the copper concentrate is preferably 5-10%.
在本发明中，所述熔剂优选包括CaO、SiO2和FeS2的一种或多种，进一步优选包括CaO和SiO2混合物、或CaO。在本发明中，所述CaO和SiO2混合物中CaO和SiO2的质量比优选为0.8：2.1。在本发明中，所述熔剂的粒径优选为0.1～0.3mm。在本发明中，所述熔剂的含水率优选为5～10％。In the present invention, the flux preferably includes one or more of CaO, SiO 2 and FeS 2 , and further preferably includes a mixture of CaO and SiO 2 , or CaO. In the present invention, the mass ratio of CaO and SiO 2 in the CaO and SiO 2 mixture is preferably 0.8:2.1. In the present invention, the particle size of the flux is preferably 0.1 to 0.3 mm. In the present invention, the moisture content of the flux is preferably 5 to 10%.
在本发明中，所述燃料优选包括煤粉。在本发明中，所述燃料的粒径优选为0.1～0.3mm。在本发明中，所述燃料的含水率优选为5～10％。In the present invention, the fuel preferably includes pulverized coal. In the present invention, the particle size of the fuel is preferably 0.1 to 0.3 mm. In the present invention, the moisture content of the fuel is preferably 5 to 10%.
在本发明中，所述铜精矿和熔剂的质量比优选为100：2～20，进一步优选为100：5～10。In the present invention, the mass ratio of the copper concentrate to the flux is preferably 100:2-20, more preferably 100:5-10.
在本发明中，所述铜精矿和燃料的质量比优选为100：1～2.5，进一步优选为100：2～2.5。In the present invention, the mass ratio of the copper concentrate to the fuel is preferably 100:1-2.5, more preferably 100:2-2.5.
在本发明中，所述富氧变频底吹的气体优选为富氧空气；所述富氧空气中氧气的体积含量优选为50～70％，进一步优选为55～65％，更优选为60％。In the present invention, the oxygen-enriched variable-frequency bottom blowing gas is preferably oxygen-enriched air; the volume content of oxygen in the oxygen-enriched air is preferably 50-70%, more preferably 55-65%, and more preferably 60% .
在本发明中，所述富氧空气的流量为变频调控流量；所述变频调控流量符合公式1：In the present invention, the flow rate of the oxygen-enriched air is the frequency conversion regulation flow; the frequency conversion regulation flow conforms to formula 1:
公式1中，μ＝4，xt为瞬时流量，xmax为最大流量。In formula 1, μ=4, x t is the instantaneous flow rate, and x max is the maximum flow rate.
在本发明中，所述富氧空气的流量波动优选为-20％～20％。In the present invention, the flow fluctuation of the oxygen-enriched air is preferably -20% to 20%.
在本发明中，所述熔体混沌搅拌熔炼在底吹炉中进行。在本发明中，所述底吹炉的结构示意图如图1所示，如图1所示，所述底吹炉包括主烧嘴1，炉体2，进料口3，烟道口4，辅助烧嘴5，放渣口6，放铜口7，喷枪8；所述底吹炉包括熔炼区和沉降区。在本发明中，所述熔体混沌搅拌熔炼优选在底吹炉的熔炼区进行。In the present invention, the melt chaotic stirring smelting is carried out in a bottom-blown furnace. In the present invention, the schematic diagram of the structure of the bottom blowing furnace is shown in Figure 1. As shown in Figure 1, the bottom blowing furnace includes a main burner 1, a
在本发明中，所述富氧空气通过底吹炉的喷枪8进入底吹炉。In the present invention, the oxygen-enriched air enters the bottom-blowing furnace through the
在本发明中，所述铜精矿、熔剂和燃料通过进料口3进入底吹炉。In the present invention, the copper concentrate, flux and fuel enter the bottom blown furnace through the
在本发明中，所述熔体混沌搅拌熔炼的过程中，所述底吹炉中氧气分压的对数lgPO2优选为-7～-4，进一步优选为-6～-5。In the present invention, in the process of chaotic stirring and smelting of the melt, the logarithm of the oxygen partial pressure in the bottom blowing furnace lgP O2 is preferably -7 to -4, more preferably -6 to -5.
在本发明中，所述熔体混沌搅拌熔炼的温度优选为1160～1300℃。In the present invention, the temperature of the melt chaotic stirring smelting is preferably 1160-1300°C.
在本发明中，所述熔体混沌搅拌熔炼涉及的主要反应包括高价硫化物的分解反应、硫化物的氧化反应、造渣反应和造铜反应。In the present invention, the main reactions involved in the chaotic stirring smelting of the melt include the decomposition reaction of high-value sulfides, the oxidation reaction of sulfides, the slagging reaction and the copper-making reaction.
在本发明中，所述高价硫化物的分解反应的反应式包括：In the present invention, the reaction formula of the decomposition reaction of the high-valent sulfide includes:
在本发明中，所述硫化物的氧化反应的反应式包括：In the present invention, the reaction formula of the oxidation reaction of the sulfide includes:
S2+2O2＝2SO2；S 2 +2O 2 =2SO 2 ;
在本发明中，所述造渣反应的反应式包括：In the present invention, the reaction formula of described slagging reaction comprises:
FeS+3Fe3O4+5SiO2＝5(2FeO·SiO2)+SO2。FeS+3Fe 3 O 4 +5SiO 2 =5(2FeO·SiO 2 )+SO 2 .
在本发明中，所述造铜反应的反应式包括：In the present invention, the reaction formula of the copper-making reaction includes:
Cu2S+2Cu2O＝6Cu+SO2。Cu 2 S+2Cu 2 O=6Cu+SO 2 .
在本发明中，所述熔体混沌搅拌熔炼优选得到粗铜、熔炼渣和烟气。在本发明中，所述粗铜的厚度优选为50～60cm，所述熔炼渣的厚度优选为60～70cm。本发明控制粗铜和熔炼渣的厚度，判断熔炼过程中排放熔炼渣与粗铜的起点。In the present invention, the melt chaotic stirring smelting preferably obtains blister copper, smelting slag and flue gas. In the present invention, the thickness of the blister copper is preferably 50-60 cm, and the thickness of the smelting slag is preferably 60-70 cm. The invention controls the thickness of blister copper and smelting slag, and judges the starting point of discharging smelting slag and blister copper in the smelting process.
在本发明中，所述粗铜优选通过底吹炉的放铜口7排出底吹炉，再通过流槽进入阳极炉进行精炼。本发明对所述精炼的参数不做具体限定，采用本领域技术人员熟知的精炼参数即可。In the present invention, the blister copper is preferably discharged from the bottom-blowing furnace through the
在本发明中，所述熔炼渣优选通过底吹炉的放渣口6排出底吹炉，再通过流槽进入贫化炉进行贫化，本发明对所述贫化的参数不做具体限定，采用本领域技术人员熟知的贫化参数，以回收熔炼渣中的铜即可。In the present invention, the smelting slag is preferably discharged from the bottom-blowing furnace through the
在本发明中，所述烟气优选通过底吹炉中的烟道口4排出底吹炉。In the present invention, the flue gas is preferably discharged from the bottom blown furnace through the
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的一种富氧底吹一步炼铜的方法进行详细的说明，但是不能把它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。A kind of oxygen-rich bottom blowing one-step copper smelting method provided by the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.
实施例1Example 1
铜精矿包括以下重量百分数的成分：Cu 40.66％、Fe 18.82％、S 30.56％、SiO20.61％、CaO 7.58％、MgO 0.35％、Al2O3 0.54％；CaO/Fe＝0.4，粒径为0.15mm，含水率为7％。The copper concentrate includes the following components by weight: Cu 40.66%, Fe 18.82%, S 30.56%, SiO2 0.61%, CaO 7.58%, MgO 0.35%, Al2O3 0.54% ; CaO/Fe=0.4, particle size is 0.15mm, and the moisture content is 7%.
熔剂：CaO，粒径为0.15mm，含水率为7％Flux: CaO, particle size is 0.15mm, moisture content is 7%
燃料：煤粉，粒径为0.15mm，含水率为7％。Fuel: pulverized coal, particle size is 0.15mm, moisture content is 7%.
铜精矿和熔剂的质量比为100：6.4；铜精矿和燃料的质量比为100：2.02。The mass ratio of copper concentrate and flux is 100:6.4; the mass ratio of copper concentrate and fuel is 100:2.02.
炉渣类型：钙铁渣。Slag type: calcium iron slag.
将上述铜精矿、熔剂和燃料混匀后由传送带持续投入底吹炉的熔池内，通过底吹炉底部的喷枪喷吹氧气体积含量为60％的富氧空气，按照公式1变频调控富氧空气的流量大小，富氧空气的流量波动为-20～20％，底吹炉中氧气分压的对数lgPO2为-5～-4；粉状入炉原料在温度1250℃的熔炼区内熔炼70min，熔炼过程中未出现泡沫渣，熔体由密度差异而分层，金属态铜(粗铜)富集沉降于沉降区底部，当沉降区底部粗铜熔体的深度为50cm，放出部分粗铜，同时控制熔炼渣的厚度为60cm。将所得的粗铜经流槽进入阳极炉进行精炼，所得的熔炼渣经流槽送往贫化炉进行贫化。After mixing the above-mentioned copper concentrate, flux and fuel, the conveyor belt is continuously put into the melting pool of the bottom blowing furnace, and the oxygen-enriched air with an oxygen volume content of 60% is injected through the spray gun at the bottom of the bottom-blowing furnace, and the oxygen-enriched air is regulated by frequency conversion according to formula 1. The flow rate of the air, the flow rate of the oxygen-enriched air fluctuates from -20 to 20%, and the logarithm of the oxygen partial pressure in the bottom blowing furnace, lgP O2 , is -5 to -4; Smelting for 70min, no foam slag appeared in the smelting process, the melt was layered due to density difference, and metallic copper (blister copper) was enriched and settled at the bottom of the settlement zone. Blister copper, while controlling the thickness of smelting slag to 60cm. The obtained blister copper is sent to the anode furnace through the launder for refining, and the obtained smelting slag is sent to the depletion furnace through the launder for depletion.
该实例产出的粗铜品位：98.69％，铜直收率：89.45％。The grade of blister copper produced in this example: 98.69%, and the direct yield of copper: 89.45%.
实施例2Example 2
铜精矿包括以下重量百分数的成分：Cu 45.48％、Fe 10.82％、S 19.23％、SiO218.06％、CaO 1.51％、MgO 0.47％、Al2O3 0.64％；Fe/SiO2＝0.6，粒径为0.188mm(80目)，含水率为6％。The copper concentrate contains the following components by weight: Cu 45.48%, Fe 10.82%, S 19.23%, SiO2 18.06%, CaO 1.51%, MgO 0.47%, Al2O3 0.64% ; Fe/ SiO2 =0.6, grain The diameter is 0.188mm (80 mesh), and the moisture content is 6%.
熔剂：CaO和SiO2，CaO和SiO2的质量比为0.8：2.1，粒径为0.188mm(80目)，含水率为6％。Flux: CaO and SiO 2 , the mass ratio of CaO and SiO 2 is 0.8:2.1, the particle size is 0.188 mm (80 mesh), and the moisture content is 6%.
燃料：煤粉，粒径为0.188mm(80目)，含水率为6％。Fuel: pulverized coal, particle size is 0.188mm (80 mesh), moisture content is 6%.
铜精矿和熔剂的质量比为100：8.9；铜精矿和燃料的质量比为100：2.23。The mass ratio of copper concentrate and flux is 100:8.9; the mass ratio of copper concentrate and fuel is 100:2.23.
炉渣类型：硅铁渣；Slag type: ferrosilicon slag;
将上述铜精矿、熔剂和燃料混匀后由输送带持续投入底吹炉的熔池内，通过底吹炉底部的喷枪喷吹氧气体积含量为70％的富氧空气，按照公式1变频调控富氧空气的流量大小，富氧空气的流量波动为-20～20％，底吹炉中氧气分压的对数lgPO2为-6～-5；粉状入炉原料在温度1280℃的熔炼区内熔炼70min，熔炼过程中未出现泡沫渣，熔体由密度差异而分层，金属态铜(粗铜)富集沉降于沉降区底部，当沉降区底部粗铜熔体深度为55cm，放出部分粗铜；同时，控制熔炼渣的厚度为65cm。将所得的粗铜经流槽进入阳极炉进行精炼，所得的熔炼渣经流槽送往贫化炉进行贫化。After mixing the above-mentioned copper concentrate, flux and fuel, they are continuously put into the molten pool of the bottom-blowing furnace by the conveyor belt, and the oxygen-enriched air with an oxygen volume content of 70% is sprayed through the spray gun at the bottom of the bottom-blowing furnace. The flow rate of oxygen air, the flow rate of oxygen-enriched air fluctuates from -20 to 20%, and the logarithm of the oxygen partial pressure in the bottom blowing furnace, lgP O2 , is -6 to -5; Smelting within 70min, no foam slag appeared during the smelting process, the melt was layered due to density difference, and metallic copper (blister copper) was enriched and settled at the bottom of the settlement zone. blister copper; at the same time, the thickness of the smelting slag was controlled to be 65cm. The obtained blister copper is sent to the anode furnace through the launder for refining, and the obtained smelting slag is sent to the depletion furnace through the launder for depletion.
该实例产出的粗铜品位：99.1％，铜直收率：90.65％。The grade of blister copper produced in this example: 99.1%, and the direct yield of copper: 90.65%.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN115388649A (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2022-11-25 | 云南农业大学 | Heating regulation and control system in smelting furnace based on high temperature probe |
| CN115420102A (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2022-12-02 | 云南农业大学 | Real-time monitoring device in molten pool smelting furnace in bottom blowing stirring process |
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