CN114658506A - Solar full-spectrum organic Rankine cycle combined heat and power generation system - Google Patents

Abstract

A solar energy full-spectrum organic Rankine cycle cogeneration system includes a solar energy full-spectrum subsystem and an organic Rankine cycle subsystem. In the solar full-spectrum subsystem, the solar concentrator collects sunlight and is divided into three beams by the light frequency divider: a beam of ultraviolet and part of the visible light photons are introduced into the molecular solar thermal reactor, where they are absorbed by norbornadiene and undergo isomerization. The reaction is converted into tetracycloalkane to store solar energy in the chemical bonds of tetracycloalkane; a part of visible light and infrared photons are introduced into the solar photovoltaic panel to generate direct current; a remaining beam of photons is introduced into the vacuum heat collector to heat the heat transfer oil The organic Rankine cycle is driven to generate electricity and heat. The molecular thermal reactor, solar photovoltaic panel, vacuum heat collector tube and organic Rankine cycle are combined to realize the cascade utilization of solar energy spectrum and improve the efficiency of solar energy-driven organic Rankine cycle. In addition, the present invention combines the solar energy full-spectrum utilization system with the organic Rankine cycle. When there is no solar energy in cloudy days, haze days or at night, the organic Rankine cycle system is driven by the chemical reactor to output electricity and heat, while in the daytime there is no solar energy. When solar energy is used, the solar photovoltaic panel outputs electricity, and the vacuum heat collector drives the organic Rankine cycle system to output electricity and heat, which improves the stability of the solar energy-driven organic Rankine cycle system.

Description

A Solar Full Spectrum Organic Rankine Cycle Cogeneration System

technical field

The invention relates to the field of renewable energy utilization, in particular to a solar energy full-spectrum organic Rankine cycle cogeneration system.

Background technique

At present, non-renewable energy sources such as coal and oil are still the main body of energy consumption in my country. The consumption of fossil energy sources such as coal and oil causes great environmental pollution, and it is imperative to increase the proportion of renewable energy consumption. Solar energy is a free and clean resource with the advantages of "inexhaustible and inexhaustible" and no pollution to the environment. Organic Rankine cycle power generation uses low-boiling organic matter as the working fluid, which can be combined with the low temperature generated by solar energy. The heat source is well matched, and the solar-driven organic Rankine cycle power generation has attracted the attention of many scholars. However, at present, solar-driven organic Rankine cycle power generation mainly generates heat through solar collectors, solar photovoltaic/photothermal collectors, and only uses part of the solar spectrum, resulting in a large heat loss, and solar energy is greatly affected by the environment. Cannot be used on cloudy, hazy days or nights. Therefore, how to further improve the efficiency and stability of the solar-driven organic Rankine cycle system has become an urgent problem to be solved in this technical field.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a solar energy full-spectrum organic Rankine cycle cogeneration system to improve the efficiency and stability of the system in view of the disadvantages of the prior art.

The problems described in the present invention are solved by the following technical solutions:

A solar full-spectrum organic Rankine cycle cogeneration system, comprising a solar full-spectrum subsystem and an organic Rankine cycle subsystem, wherein the solar full-spectrum subsystem includes a solar concentrator, a light frequency divider, a norbornadiene tank, First solution pump, molecular solar thermal reactor, solar photovoltaic panel, vacuum collector tube, inverter, tetracycloalkane tank, first valve, second valve, third valve, second solution pump, chemical reactor, common grid. The solar concentrator is used for concentrating sunlight; the light frequency divider divides the photons collected by the solar concentrator into three beams, one beam of ultraviolet photons and part of visible light photons are introduced into the molecular solar thermal reactor, one beam of partial visible light and infrared photons is introduced into the solar photovoltaic panel, and a beam of infrared photons is introduced into the vacuum heat collector tube; the molecular solar thermal reactor is a transparent plate heat exchanger, which is composed of fused silica material, so that solar energy can pass through; the norbornadiene tank The outlet end is connected to the inlet end of the isomerization material channel in the molecular solar thermal reactor through the first solution pump; the outlet end of the isomerization material channel of the molecular solar thermal reactor is connected to the inlet end of the tetracycloalkane tank; the The inlet end of the water heating channel of the molecular solar thermal reactor is connected with the water outlet end of the building water, and the outlet end is connected with the water inlet end of the building water; the outlet end of the tetracycloalkane tank is connected with the inlet end of the shell side of the chemical reactor through the second solution pump ; The chemical reactor is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and its shell side is filled with a mercury bromide photosensitive catalyst; the outlet end of the shell side of the chemical reactor is connected with the inlet end of the norbornadiene tank; the solar photovoltaic The DC output end of the board is connected to the inverter; the AC output end of the inverter is connected to the public grid and the building electricity end.

In the above solar full-spectrum organic Rankine cycle cogeneration system, the organic Rankine cycle subsystem includes an evaporator, a regenerator, a condenser, a working fluid pump, and an expander. The evaporator, condenser and regenerator in the organic Rankine cycle subsystem are all shell-and-tube heat exchangers, and the interior is a spray-type structure; The inlet end of the chemical reactor tube side is connected with the inlet end of the vacuum heat collector tube; the inlet end of the evaporator tube side is connected with the outlet end of the chemical reactor tube side and the outlet end of the vacuum heat collector tube in the solar full spectrum subsystem; The inlet end of the evaporator shell side is connected with the outlet end of the regenerator tube side; the outlet end of the evaporator shell side is connected with the inlet end of the expander; the outlet end of the expander is connected with the generator; the output end of the generator is connected with The public power grid is connected to the building electrical end; the outlet end of the expander is connected to the inlet end of the shell side of the regenerator; the outlet end of the regenerator shell side is connected to the inlet end of the shell side of the condenser; the outlet end of the condenser shell side is connected The end is connected with the inlet end of the regenerator tube side through the working fluid pump; the inlet end of the condenser tube side is connected with the water outlet end of the building water; the outlet end of the condenser tube side is connected with the water inlet end of the building water.

Preferably, the solar condenser is a parabolic trough solar condenser, a butterfly solar condenser, a linear Fresnel solar condenser, a tower solar condenser, and a compound parabolic condenser.

Preferably, the organic working medium in the organic Rankine cycle subsystem is isopentane, isohexane, toluene and cyclohexane.

Preferably, the light frequency divider is a single-layer optical glass, a double-layer optical glass or a coating. For example, Nb ₂ O ₅ and SiO ₂ thin layers are alternately plated, and the spectrum of reflection and absorption can be freely selected by adjusting the thickness of the coating. scope.

Preferably, norbornadiene is selected as the isomerization material in the molecular solar thermal reactor, but it is also within the protection scope of the present invention to use substances such as azobenzene and anthracene as the isomerization material.

Preferably, the working medium on the shell side of the chemical reactor and the vacuum heat collector is heat transfer oil.

The invention combines the molecular solar thermal reactor, the solar photovoltaic panel, the solar thermal collector and the organic Rankine cycle to realize the cascade utilization of the solar energy spectrum and reduce the heat loss. can also operate, improving the efficiency and stability of solar-driven organic Rankine cycle systems.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is the system flow chart of the present invention;

Each label in the figure is: 1, norbornadiene tank; 2, the first solution pump; 3, molecular solar thermal reactor; 4, tetracycloalkane tank; 5, the first valve; 6, the second solution pump; 7 , chemical reactor; 8, vacuum collector tube; 9, light frequency divider; 10, solar condenser; 11, inverter; 12, solar photovoltaic panel; 13, the second valve; 14, the third valve; 15, the first Four valves; 16, fifth valve; 17, public grid; 18, evaporator; 19, regenerator; 20, condenser; 21, working fluid pump; 22, expander; 23, generator.

Detailed ways

The invention provides a solar full-spectrum organic Rankine cycle cogeneration system. A light frequency divider separates sunlight into three beams, one beam of ultraviolet light and part of visible light photons are introduced into a molecular solar thermal reactor, and one beam of partial visible light is introduced into a molecular solar thermal reactor. And infrared photons are introduced into the solar photovoltaic panel, and a beam of infrared photons is introduced into the vacuum heat collector, realizing the utilization of the full spectrum of solar energy. Combining molecular solar thermal reactors, solar photovoltaic panels, vacuum heat collector tubes and organic Rankine cycle systems, the molecular solar thermal reactors can work in cloudy and hazy days, improving the efficiency and efficiency of solar-driven organic Rankine cycle systems. stability. The system of the invention has reasonable configuration, can give full play to the characteristics of each subsystem, realizes the cascade utilization of solar energy spectrum, and provides a new form for the coupling of solar energy and organic Rankine cycle system.

In molecular solar thermal reactors, some isomerized materials can absorb sunlight ultraviolet rays and some visible light photons, undergo isomerization reaction, and store solar energy in chemical bonds. The isomerization product changes back to the parent molecule under the action of some photosensitive catalysts, releases the stored solar energy, and increases the temperature of the heat transfer oil; the remaining part of the visible light and infrared photons are separated by the light frequency divider to the solar photovoltaic panel to generate direct current; finally The remaining infrared photons are separated into the vacuum heat collector tube by the light frequency divider to increase the temperature of the heat transfer oil; the above configuration realizes the cascade utilization of the solar energy spectrum and greatly improves the utilization efficiency of the solar energy.

Referring to FIG. 1 , the present invention includes two parts, a solar energy full-spectrum subsystem and an organic Rankine cycle subsystem. The solar full-spectrum subsystem includes a norbornadiene tank 1, a first solution pump 2, a molecular solar thermal reactor 3, a tetracycloalkane tank 4, a first valve 5, a second solution pump 6, a chemical reactor 7, Vacuum collector tube 8, light frequency divider 9, solar concentrator 10, inverter 11, solar photovoltaic panel 12, second valve 13, third valve 14, fourth valve 15, fifth valve 16, public grid 17; The organic Rankine cycle subsystem includes an evaporator 18 , a regenerator 19 , a condenser 20 , a working fluid pump 21 , an expander 22 , and a generator 23 .

In the solar full spectrum subsystem, the light frequency divider 9 divides the light collected by the solar concentrator 10 into three beams: a beam of ultraviolet and part of visible light photons are introduced into the molecular solar thermal reactor 3, and after being absorbed by norbornadiene, The isomerization reaction takes place, and it is converted into tetracycloalkane to store solar energy in the chemical bonds of tetracycloalkane; a beam of visible light and infrared photons is introduced into the solar photovoltaic panel 12 to generate direct current; a beam of infrared photons is introduced into the vacuum heat collector tube 8. Heat the heat transfer oil as the low temperature heat source of the organic Rankine cycle. The molecular solar thermal reactor 3 is a transparent plate heat exchanger made of fused silica material so that solar energy can pass through; the outlet end of the norbornadiene tank 1 passes through the first solution pump 2 and the molecular solar thermal reactor 3 The inlet end of the isomerization material channel is connected; the outlet end of the isomerization material channel of the molecular solar thermal reactor 3 is connected to the inlet end of the tetracycloalkane tank 4; the inlet end of the water heating channel of the molecular solar thermal reactor 3 is connected to the inlet end of the tetracycloalkane tank 4. The building water outlet end is connected, and the outlet end is connected with the building water inlet end; the outlet end of the tetracycloalkane tank 4 is connected to the shell side inlet end of the chemical reactor 7 through the second solution pump 6; the chemical reactor 7 is Shell-and-tube heat exchanger, the shell side of which is filled with mercury bromide photocatalyst; the outlet end of the shell side of the chemical reactor 7 is connected to the inlet end of the norbornadiene tank 1; the direct current output of the solar photovoltaic panel 12 The terminal is connected to the inverter 11; the AC output terminal of the inverter 11 is connected to the public grid 17 and the building power terminal. In the organic Rankine cycle subsystem, the outlet end of the tube side of the evaporator 18 is connected to the inlet end of the tube side of the chemical reactor 7 and the inlet end of the vacuum collector tube 8 in the solar full spectrum subsystem; the tube side of the evaporator 18 is connected. The inlet end is connected to the outlet end of the chemical reactor 7 tube side and the outlet end of the vacuum heat collector 8 in the solar full spectrum subsystem; the inlet end of the shell side of the evaporator 18 is connected to the outlet end of the tube side of the regenerator 19; the The outlet end of the shell side of the evaporator 18 is connected to the inlet end of the expander 22; the outlet end of the expander 22 is connected to the generator 23; the output end of the generator 23 is connected to the public power grid and the building electricity end; the expander 22 The outlet end is connected to the inlet end of the shell side of the regenerator 19; the outlet end of the shell side of the regenerator 19 is connected to the inlet end of the shell side of the condenser 20; The inlet end of the condenser 19 is connected to the inlet end of the pipe side; the inlet end of the condenser 20 is connected to the outlet end of the construction water; the outlet end of the condenser 20 is connected to the inlet end of the construction water. In the solar full-spectrum subsystem, the isomerization material channel of the molecular solar thermal reactor 3 has the inlet end of norbornadiene (C7H8) and the outlet end of tetracycloalkane (C7H8), and the water heating channel is provided with the inlet end of tap water and the outlet end of tap water. The outlet end; norbornadiene is transported to the norbornadiene (C7H8) inlet end of the molecular solar thermal reactor 3 by the first solution pump 2 through the pipeline, and absorbs ultraviolet rays and some visible light photons in the molecular solar thermal reactor 3, and the norbornadiene two The isomerization reaction of alkene is converted into tetracycloalkane, and the heat is stored in the chemical bond of tetracycloalkane. The reaction formula is as follows:

C ₇ H ₈ (norbornadiene)→C ₇ H ₈ (tetracycloalkane)

When the isomerization reaction of norbornadiene occurs, some energy will be lost in the form of heat, so the normal temperature water is input into the molecular solar thermal reactor 3 through the pipeline to absorb this part of the heat and generate a 60°C temperature that can be used by users. Domestic hot water. Subsequently, the tetracycloalkane generated by the reaction is transported to the tetracycloalkane tank 4 through the pipeline, the first valve 5 is opened at night, and the tetracycloalkane is transported to the chemical reactor 7 by the second solution pump 6. Under the action of the isomerization reverse reaction, the stored solar energy is released, and the heat transfer oil is heated as the low temperature heat source of the organic Rankine cycle system. The isomerization reverse reaction is as follows:

C ₇ H ₈ (tetracycloalkane)→C ₇ H ₈ (norbornadiene)

In the organic Rankine cycle subsystem, the gaseous working medium at the outlet of the evaporator 18 is transported by the pipeline to the expander 22 for expansion to do work, and drives the generator 23 to generate electricity. The electricity generated by the generator 23 is first used in the building, and the excess electricity is sold To the public power grid 17, the high temperature working fluid at the outlet of the expander 22 is transported to the regenerator 19 through the pipeline to heat the liquid working fluid from the outlet of the condenser 20, and the low temperature working fluid at the outlet of the regenerator 19 is transported to the condenser through the pipeline 20. After releasing heat to the building water, it is condensed into a liquid working medium. The liquid working medium at the outlet of the condenser 20 is boosted by the working medium pump and then transported to the regenerator 19 by the pipeline. The liquid working medium at the outlet of the regenerator 19 is transported by the pipeline It is transported to the evaporator 18, and is heated by the heat-conducting oil from the solar full-spectrum system to become a gaseous working medium. At this point, one cycle ends.

The above solar full-spectrum organic Rankine cycle cogeneration system achieves power generation and heat supply through the following operation methods:

(1) When there is no solar energy on cloudy days, haze days or at night, open the valve 5, the tetracycloalkane is transported to the chemical reactor 7 by the pipeline through the second solution pump 6, and the effect of the tetracycloalkane on the mercury bromide photosensitive catalyst The reverse reaction of isomerization occurs, releasing the stored solar energy, heating the heat transfer oil as the low-temperature heat source of the organic rankine cycle system, and driving the organic rankine cycle system to generate electricity and heat for building use. If the electricity generated by the organic rankine cycle is not enough for the building use When the electricity is purchased from the public grid 12 to meet the load demand of the building, if the organic Rankine cycle produces too much electricity, the excess electricity is sold to the public grid.

(2) When there is solar energy in the daytime, the domestic hot water generated by the molecular solar reactor 2 and the direct current generated by the solar photovoltaic panel 12 are supplied to the building through the inverter 11, and the heat transfer oil generated by the vacuum heat collector 8 is used as the organic Rankine cycle. The low temperature heat source of the system drives the organic Rankine cycle to produce electricity and heat for building use. If the electricity output by the solar photovoltaic panel 12 and the organic Rankine cycle system cannot meet the building use, purchase electricity from the grid to meet the load demand of the building. If the electricity output by the solar photovoltaic panel 12 and the organic Rankine cycle system can meet the building use , the excess electricity is sold to the public grid 17.

The present invention utilizes the characteristic that some molecular isomerization materials can absorb part of the ultraviolet and visible spectrum of solar energy, and combines the molecular solar thermal storage system, solar photovoltaic panel and vacuum heat collector to form a device that can realize the full spectrum utilization of solar energy , and combining it with the organic Rankine cycle system greatly improves the efficiency and stability of the solar-driven organic Rankine cycle system.

The system of the invention is reasonably configured, can give full play to the characteristics of each subsystem, realizes the cascade utilization of the solar energy spectrum, not only improves the efficiency and stability of the solar energy-driven organic Rankine cycle system, but also plays an important role in reducing CO ₂ . The present invention is mainly used in small industrial, commercial and civil systems, and the advantages are:

1. The molecular solar thermal storage system, solar photovoltaic panels and solar collectors are combined to realize the cascade utilization of solar energy spectrum and improve the utilization rate of solar energy.

2. In cloudy days, haze days or nights, the molecular solar thermal reactor can still use high-frequency photons to heat the heat transfer oil as the low-temperature heat source of the organic Rankine cycle system, which ensures the stability of the system heating.

3. Through the reasonable configuration of the system, the present invention realizes the combination of the organic Rankine cycle system with the vacuum heat collector, the molecular solar thermal storage system and the solar photovoltaic panel, and forms a co-generation system with output of electricity and heat, which improves the efficiency of the system. flexibility. The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit other embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, various improvements and replacements can be made without departing from the core technology of the present invention. All should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A solar full-spectrum organic Rankine cycle cogeneration system is characterized in that a solar full-spectrum subsystem comprises a norbornadiene tank 1, a first solution pump 2, a molecular solar thermal reactor 3, a tetracycloalkane tank 4, a first valve 5, a second solution pump 6, a chemical reactor 7, a vacuum heat collecting pipe 8, a light divider 9, a solar condenser 10, an inverter 11, a solar photovoltaic panel 12, a second valve 13, a third valve 14, a fourth valve 15, a fifth valve 16 and a public power grid 17; the light ray frequency divider 9 divides the light gathered by the solar condenser 10 into three beams: a beam of ultraviolet rays and part of visible light photons are led into the molecular solar thermal reactor 3, and are absorbed by norbornane diluent to generate isomerization reaction, and the isomerization reaction is converted into tetracycloalkane, so that the solar energy is stored in a chemical bond of the tetracycloalkane; a beam of partial visible light and infrared photons is guided into the solar photovoltaic panel 12 to generate direct current; a beam of infrared photons is guided into the vacuum heat collecting tube 8, and heat conduction oil is heated to be used as a low-temperature heat source of the organic Rankine cycle; the molecular solar thermal reactor 3 is a transparent plate heat exchanger and is made of fused silica materials so as to be convenient for solar energy to penetrate through; the outlet end of the norbornadiene tank 1 is connected with the inlet end of an isomerization material channel in a molecular solar thermal reactor 3 through a first solution pump 2; the outlet end of an isomerization material channel of the molecular solar thermal reactor 3 is connected with the inlet end of a tetracycloalkane tank 4; the inlet end of the water heating channel of the molecular solar thermal reactor 3 is connected with the water outlet end of the building water, and the outlet end of the water heating channel is connected with the water inlet end of the building water; the outlet end of the tetracycloalkane tank 4 is connected with the shell side inlet end of a chemical reactor 7 through a second solution pump 6; the chemical reactor 7 is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and the shell side of the chemical reactor is filled with a mercury bromide photosensitive catalyst; the shell side outlet end of the chemical reactor 7 is connected with the inlet end of the norbornadiene tank 1; the direct current output end of the solar photovoltaic panel 12 is connected with the inverter 11; the ac output of the inverter 11 is connected to the public power grid 17 and the building utility.

2. The solar full-spectrum organic Rankine cycle combined heat and power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the organic Rankine cycle subsystem comprises an evaporator 18, a heat regenerator 19, a condenser 20, a working medium pump 21, an expander 22 and a generator 23; the tube side outlet end of the evaporator 18 is connected with the tube side inlet end of the chemical reactor 7 in the solar full-spectrum subsystem and the inlet end of the vacuum heat collecting tube 8; the tube side inlet end of the evaporator 18 is connected with the tube side outlet end of the chemical reactor 7 in the solar full-spectrum subsystem and the outlet end of the vacuum heat collecting tube 8; the shell side inlet end of the evaporator 18 is connected with the tube side outlet end of the heat regenerator 19; the shell side outlet end of the evaporator 18 is connected with the inlet end of an expander 22; the outlet end of the expansion machine 22 is connected with a generator 23; the output end of the generator 23 is connected with a public power grid and a building power end; the outlet end of the expansion machine 22 is connected with the shell side inlet end of the heat regenerator 19; the shell side outlet end of the heat regenerator 19 is connected with the shell side inlet end of the condenser 20; the shell side outlet end of the condenser 20 is connected with the tube side inlet end of the heat regenerator 19 through a working medium pump 21; the inlet end of the condenser 20 at the pipe side is connected with the water outlet end of the building water; and the outlet end of the 20 pipe side of the condenser is connected with the water inlet end of the building.

3. The full-spectrum solar organic Rankine cycle combined heat and power generation system according to claim 1, wherein an evaporator 18, a heat regenerator 19 and a condenser 20 in the organic Rankine cycle system are all shell-and-tube heat exchangers, and the interior of the system is in a spray type structure.

4. The solar full-spectrum organic Rankine cycle combined heat and power generation system according to claim 3, wherein the organic Rankine cycle working medium is isopentane, isohexane, toluene or cyclohexane.

5. The full-spectrum solar organic Rankine cycle combined heat and power generation system as claimed in claims 1 to 4, wherein the working media of the shell side of the chemical reactor and the evacuated collector tubes are heat conducting oils.

6. The full-spectrum solar organic Rankine cycle combined heat and power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the molecular solar thermal reactor 3 is a transparent plate heat exchanger made of fused silica material for solar energy transmission.

7. The solar full-spectrum organic Rankine cycle combined heat and power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the isomerization material in the molecular solar thermal reactor is norbornadiene, azobenzene or anthracene.

8. The full-spectrum solar organic Rankine cycle combined heat and power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the solar concentrator is a parabolic trough solar concentrator, a butterfly solar concentrator, a linear Fresnel solar concentrator, a tower solar concentrator or a compound parabolic concentrator.

9. The full-spectrum solar organic Rankine cycle combined heat and power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the chemical reactor 10 is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and a mercury bromide photosensitive catalyst is arranged on the shell side.

10. The solar full-spectrum organic Rankine cycle combined heat and power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the light divider is a single-layer optical glass, a double-layer optical glass or a coating, such as Nb-plating and Nb-plating alternately₂O₅And SiO₂And the thin layer can freely select the spectral range of reflection and absorption by adjusting the thickness of the coating film.

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