CN114643362A - A complex shape structure containing high-entropy alloys formed by additive manufacturing - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a complex-shaped structural member containing a high-entropy alloy formed by additive manufacturing, and belongs to the technical field of metal additive manufacturing and surface modification. Additive manufacturing forming includes coaxial powder feeding laser cladding, selective laser melting, electron beam melting and other rapid melting forming methods, which are obtained by using gas atomization powder to obtain alloy powder. The chemical composition of the alloy powder is Al, Co, Cr, Fe, Ni, the alloy atomic ratio is (0.1-0.5): (0.8-1.1): (0.8-1.1): (0.8-1.1): (1.0-3.0). The invention uses the rapid melting forming method to perform additive manufacturing or repairing on the base material or the metal substrate, and the obtained high-entropy alloy product is dense and firm; the traditional method adopts vacuum arc melting and casting to prepare ingots, which are difficult to process and easy to segregate alloy components. And can effectively improve the utilization rate and production efficiency of high-entropy materials.

Description

A complex shape structure containing high-entropy alloys formed by additive manufacturing

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of metal additive manufacturing and surface modification, and relates to a complex-shaped structural member containing a high-entropy alloy formed by additive manufacturing.

Background technique

High-entropy alloys break through the traditional alloy design concept, and mainly contain five or more components, and the atomic ratio of each element is between 5% and 35%. Alloys exhibit multi-principal high-entropy effects, form a simple solid solution structure, and have excellent comprehensive properties, which have become one of the research hotspots in the field of materials science in recent years.

At present, high-entropy alloys are mainly prepared by methods such as vacuum arc melting and casting. Not only can only simple-shaped structural parts be prepared, but also high-entropy alloys contain a variety of main elements, and the melting points and physicochemical properties of the elements are quite different. In the process of casting high-entropy alloys, defects such as composition segregation, residual stress and voids are often introduced, which is not conducive to the application of high-entropy alloys in complex-shaped structural parts.

Although there are many existing materials with complex shapes of high-entropy alloys obtained by additive manufacturing, most of them are firstly obtained by additive manufacturing to obtain billets, and then sintered to obtain products, not products directly obtained by additive manufacturing; Additive manufacturing is used in the preparation of coatings that need to improve the surface properties of non-homogeneous materials and the repair of surface structural defects on non-homogeneous materials.

Moreover, high-entropy alloy coatings are now mostly prepared by methods such as laser cladding, cold spraying, thermal spraying, EDM deposition, plasma spraying-physical vapor deposition and magnetron sputtering, which make it difficult to precisely control the coating thickness. The high-entropy alloy powder used in laser cladding is mostly obtained by crushing and screening of high-entropy alloy ingots prepared by arc melting, and is applied to the surface of the workpiece as a high-entropy alloy slurry, and the organic solvent in it will affect the high-entropy alloy coating. The expression of the resulting properties is hindered.

For example: Chinese patent CN113621958A discloses a method for laser cladding high-entropy alloy coating on copper surface, wherein not only the source of high-entropy alloy powder is the crushing and screening of high-entropy alloy ingots obtained by arc smelting, but the alloy composition is not high-entropy alloy AlCoCrFeNi , and it is necessary to add a binder to prepare a paste to coat the surface of the copper workpiece, and the binder will have a negative impact on the structure and properties of the high-entropy alloy coating.

Chinese patent CN113430513A discloses a method for preparing a high-entropy alloy coating by cold-spraying on the surface of magnesium alloys. The alloy composition is not high-entropy alloy AlCoCrFeNi either. The repair of surface structural defects of the same material, the coating is not uniform.

Chinese patent CN 112195463 A discloses a laser cladding AlCoCrFeNi/NbC gradient high-entropy alloy coating material and method, wherein the coating is divided into three layers, the coating needs to contain respective NbC strengthening phases, and the powder source is Al powder , Co powder, Cr powder, Fe powder, Ni powder, NbC powder, it can be seen that in the process of laser cladding, it is necessary to form a high-entropy alloy instead of directly using the high-entropy alloy powder, the coating quality is poor, and the high-entropy alloy coating The performance cannot be effectively expressed, which is not conducive to industrial large-scale production.

In summary, in order to solve the above technical defects, it is necessary to develop a complex shape structure containing high-entropy alloys formed by additive manufacturing, in which the performance of the high-entropy alloy coating can be expressed efficiently, which is suitable for repairing the surface structural defects of the matrix material. .

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem solved by the present invention is that the existing structural defect repair on the surface of structural parts uses the same composition and structure as the base material, and does not expect to use high-entropy alloys to repair, and non-high-entropy alloy repairs are limited to simple shapes. structural parts, it is difficult to carry out structural parts with complex shapes; the prepared high-entropy alloy coating is not suitable for repairing the surface structural defects of the base material, but to improve the surface properties of the base material without surface structural defects; the prepared high-entropy alloy coating is not suitable for repairing the surface structural defects of the base material. The thickness of the entropy alloy coating is not uniform, the coating is not dense, the bonding strength is low, and the precision is poor.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

A complex shape structural part of forming high-entropy alloy by additive manufacturing, comprising the following steps:

S1, carry out the proportioning weighing of raw materials according to the molar ratio of each element in the chemical composition of the high-entropy alloy, and adopt the gas atomization of vacuum induction melting to obtain the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder;

S2, establishing a three-dimensional model of the structural part on the computer according to the required complex shape of the structural part, converting the three-dimensional model of the structural part into an STL format file and importing it into a forming device using laser or electron beam additive manufacturing technology;

S3. Put the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder in step S1 into the powder feeding mechanism of the forming equipment in S2, then place the base material or metal substrate in the laser or electron beam action area, and then according to the STL format file in S2 The thickness of the entropy alloy layer and the number of layers N are selected, and the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder is laid on the surface of the aforementioned base material or metal substrate through the powder feeding mechanism;

S4. When N is 1 for the high-entropy alloy layer in S3, the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder on the surface of the base material or the metal substrate in step S3 is melted and solidified to obtain a complex-shaped structure containing the high-entropy alloy;

When N is greater than 1 for the high-entropy alloy layer in S3, the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder on the surface of the base material or metal substrate in step S3 needs to be melted and solidified to obtain the N-1th high-entropy alloy layer. The high-entropy pre-alloyed powder is laid on the aforementioned N-1 high-entropy alloy layer through the powder feeding mechanism, and finally melted and solidified to obtain a complex-shaped structure containing the high-entropy alloy.

Preferably, the chemical composition of the high-entropy alloy in the step S1 is calculated by mass percentage: the alloy atomic ratio of Al, Co, Cr, Fe, and Ni is (0.1-0.5): (0.8-1.1): (0.8-1.1) : (0.8-1.1): (1.0-3.0).

Preferably, the additive manufacturing technique in the step S2 is any one of the coaxial powder feeding laser cladding technique, the selective laser melting technique, and the electron beam selective melting technique.

Preferably, when the additive manufacturing technology in the step S2 is formed by the coaxial powder feeding laser cladding technology, the following steps are included:

S101, according to the molar ratio of each element in the chemical composition of the high-entropy alloy, carry out the proportioning weighing of the raw materials, and adopt the gas atomization of vacuum induction melting to obtain the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder;

S201, establishing a three-dimensional model of the structural part on the computer according to the required complex shape of the structural part, converting the three-dimensional model of the structural part into an STL format file and importing it into a forming equipment for coaxial powder feeding laser cladding rapid prototyping;

S301. Put the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder of step S101 into the powder feeding mechanism in the forming equipment of S201, place the base material or metal substrate in the laser action area, and then perform the high-entropy alloy layer according to the STL format file in S201. The thickness and the number of layers N are selected, and the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder is placed on the surface of the aforementioned base material or metal substrate through the powder feeding mechanism;

S401. When the high-entropy alloy layer in S301 selects N to be 1, the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder in step S301 passes through the light beam with the base material or metal substrate before reaching the melting zone, is heated to a red-hot state, and enters the melting zone After the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder is melted, the laser cladding technology is performed to obtain complex-shaped structural parts containing high-entropy alloys; among which: the laser power is 800-2000W, the scanning speed is 0.1-1.2mm/s, and the thickness of the powder layer is 3 -5mm, the scanning spacing is 1-2mm, and inert gas is used to prevent the powder from oxidizing during forming;

When the high-entropy alloy layer in S301 selects N greater than 1, it is necessary to first melt and solidify the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder on the surface of the base material or the metal substrate in step S301 according to the forming method when the high-entropy alloy layer selects N to be 1 Forming to obtain the N-1 high-entropy alloy layer, and then laying the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder on the aforementioned N-1 high-entropy alloy layer through the powder feeding mechanism, and finally selecting the forming when N is 1 according to the high-entropy alloy layer. It is melted and solidified in a way to obtain complex-shaped structural parts containing high-entropy alloys.

Preferably, the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder in the step S101 is selected as an alloy powder with a particle size of 35-104 μm, and the inert gas used in the forming in the step S401 is Ar gas.

Preferably, when the additive manufacturing technology in the step S2 is formed by the selective laser melting technology, the following steps are included:

S102, according to the molar ratio of each element in the chemical composition of the high-entropy alloy, carry out the proportioning weighing of the raw materials, and adopt the gas atomization of vacuum induction melting to obtain the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder;

S202, establishing a three-dimensional model of the structural part on the computer according to the required complex shape of the structural part, converting the three-dimensional model of the structural part into an STL format file and importing it into a forming equipment for selective laser melting rapid prototyping;

S302. Put the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder of step S102 into the powder feeding mechanism in the forming equipment of S202, place the base material or metal substrate in the laser action area and level it, and then according to the STL format file in S202 The thickness and number N of the high-entropy alloy layer are selected, and the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder is placed on the surface of the aforementioned base material or metal substrate through a powder feeding mechanism;

S402. When N is 1 for the high-entropy alloy layer in step S302, the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder on the surface of the base material or the metal substrate in step S302 is formed by selective laser melting technology to obtain a high-entropy alloy layer, so as to obtain a high-entropy alloy layer containing high-entropy alloys. Alloy complex shape structure; among them: laser power is 150-250W, scanning speed is 600-1000mm/s, powder layer thickness is 30-60μm, scanning distance is 80-100μm, and inert gas is used to prevent powder oxidation during forming ;

When the high-entropy alloy layer in S302 selects N greater than 1, the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder on the surface of the base material or the metal substrate in step S302 needs to be selectively lasered according to the forming method when the high-entropy alloy layer is selected as 1. And solidify and form to obtain the N-1 high-entropy alloy layer, and then lay the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder on the aforementioned N-1 high-entropy alloy layer through the powder feeding mechanism, and finally select N according to the high-entropy alloy layer when N is 1 The forming method is selective laser and solidification forming to obtain complex-shaped structural parts containing high-entropy alloys.

Preferably, the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder in the step S102 is selected as an alloy powder with a particle size of 15-58 μm, and the inert gas used in the forming in the step S402 is Ar gas.

Preferably, the scanning path of the forming process in the step S402 is a grouped direction change type, specifically, when N is an odd number, the scanning direction is parallel to the x-axis; when N is an even number, the scanning direction is parallel to the y-axis; The materials are scanned and stacked in turn to obtain formed parts.

Preferably, when the additive manufacturing technology in the step S2 is formed by the electron beam selective melting technology, the following steps are included:

S103, according to the molar ratio of each element in the high-entropy alloy chemical composition, carry out the proportioning weighing of the raw materials, and adopt the gas atomization of vacuum induction melting to obtain the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder;

S203, establishing a three-dimensional model of the structural part on the computer according to the required complex shape of the structural part, converting the three-dimensional model of the structural part into an STL format file and importing it into a forming device for electron beam selective melting and forming;

S303. Put the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder of step S103 into the powder feeding mechanism in the forming equipment of S203, place the base material or metal substrate in the electron beam action area, and then perform the high-entropy alloy layer according to the STL format file in S203. The thickness and the number of layers N are selected, and the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder is placed on the surface of the aforementioned base material or metal substrate through the powder feeding mechanism;

S403. When the high-entropy alloy layer in S303 selects N to be 1, the high-entropy pre-alloy powder on the surface of the base material or the metal substrate in step S303 firstly uses a defocused electron beam to quickly scan the powder layer to preheat the high-entropy pre-alloy powder. Alloy powder, the preheating temperature is 600-800 ℃; then the powder is selectively melted by focusing electron beam, and the high-entropy alloy layer is obtained by forming, so as to obtain a complex shape structure containing high-entropy alloy; wherein: the electron beam current is 5- 15mA, the scanning speed is 0.2-1.6m/s, the thickness of the powder layer is 50-80μm, the scanning line spacing is 15-60μm; the inert gas is used to prevent the powder from oxidizing during forming;

When the high-entropy alloy layer in S303 selects N greater than 1, the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder on the surface of the base material or the metal substrate in step S303 needs to be selected by the electron beam according to the forming method when the high-entropy alloy layer is selected as 1. Melt and solidify to obtain the N-1 high-entropy alloy layer, and then lay the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder on the aforementioned N-1 high-entropy alloy layer through the powder feeding mechanism, and finally select N according to the high-entropy alloy layer. In the forming method, electron beam selective melting and solidification are carried out to obtain complex shape structural parts containing high-entropy alloys.

S5. The multi-layer high-entropy alloy layer is formed alternately with the feeding of the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder and the electron beam selective melting forming, wherein when the N-th high-entropy alloy layer is subjected to selective laser melting and solidification, the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder is then carried out. The N+1-th high-entropy alloy layer is formed, and finally a complex-shaped structure of high-entropy alloy is obtained.

Preferably, the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder in the step S103 is selected as an alloy powder with a sieved particle size of 30-125 μm, and the inert gas used in the forming in the step S403 is He gas.

Preferably, in the prepared high-entropy alloy coating containing complex-shaped structural parts of high-entropy alloy, the microstructure is cellular crystals of different shapes, accounting for 100%; the yield strength of the substrate before the high-entropy alloy coating is prepared is 330 -350MPa, the yield strength after preparing the high-entropy alloy coating is 155.842-200MPa.

The above-mentioned technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following beneficial effects:

In the above scheme, the present invention makes full use of the excellent properties of the high-entropy alloy to improve the application range of the high-entropy alloy, that is, the high-entropy alloy formed by the melting technology of the present invention has a simple face-centered cubic structure, which not only retains the base material or metal The original excellent performance of the substrate can also make the surface of the substrate or metal substrate have high density and good dimensional accuracy of high-entropy materials, and at the same time have high strength, which can meet the higher performance requirements of materials in modern industry. .

The invention provides a high-entropy alloy AlCoCrFeNi series powder material with a new composition ratio. The high-entropy alloy coating is prepared on the substrate by using the synchronous powder feeding laser cladding technology, and the alloy forming process and related microstructure properties are determined.

The atomic molar ratio of the high-entropy alloy AlCoCrFeNi selected in the present invention is: (0.1-0.3): (0.8-1.0): (0.8-1.0): (0.8-1.0): (1.0-2.0), which is a gas atomized pre-alloy The powder, the pre-alloyed powder is spherical and the purity is not less than 99.9%.

The invention uses the laser cladding technology because it is pollution-free and the prepared coating and the base material are metallurgically bonded, and the bonding surface is firm; the base material or metal substrate is additively manufactured or repaired by using a high-energy laser beam, and the obtained high entropy The alloy product is dense and firm; this method not only solves the problems of difficult processing of ingots prepared by traditional vacuum arc casting and easy segregation of alloy components, but also can effectively improve the utilization rate and production efficiency of high-entropy materials, and greatly reduce the loss of parts cost, but also proposed new application areas of high-entropy alloys.

Description of drawings

In order to illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

Fig. 1 is the XRD pattern of the AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy coating in the complex-shaped structural member of the high-entropy alloy formed by the additive manufacturing according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the SEM image of the AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy coating in the complex-shaped structural part of the high-entropy alloy formed by additive manufacturing according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention, wherein: (a) is the laser power of 1000W, the scanning speed of 0.8mm/s, Surface topography of complex-shaped structural parts of high-entropy alloy formed by laser cladding technology with a powder layer thickness of 5 mm and a scanning interval of 1.5 mm, (b) is a laser power of 1000 W, a scanning speed of 0.8 mm/s, a powder layer thickness of 5 mm, Cross-sectional topography of complex-shaped structural parts of high-entropy alloys formed by laser cladding technology with a scanning spacing of 1.5 mm;

3 is an EDS image of an AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy coating in a complex-shaped structural member of a high-entropy alloy formed by additive manufacturing according to Example 2 of the present invention, wherein: (a) is a cross-sectional topography, and (b) is an Al element , (c) is Co element, (d) is Cr element, (e) is Fe element, (f) is Ni element;

Fig. 4 is the SEM image of the AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy coating in the complex-shaped structural part of the high-entropy alloy formed by the additive manufacturing according to the embodiment 3 of the present invention, specifically, the laser power is 1000W, the scanning speed is 0.8mm/s, and the thickness of the powder layer is 5mm. , The surface topography of complex-shaped structural parts of high-entropy alloys formed by laser cladding technology with a scanning distance of 1.5 mm.

Detailed ways

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention more clear, the following will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the technical features or combinations of technical features described in the following embodiments should not be considered isolated, and they can be combined with each other to achieve better technical effects. In the drawings of the following embodiments, the same reference numerals appearing in the various drawings represent the same features or components, which may be used in different embodiments.

Example 1

A complex-shaped structural component of high-entropy alloys formed by additive manufacturing

As shown in Figure 1, the chemical composition of the high-entropy alloy coating in the complex-shaped structural parts of the high-entropy alloy formed by additive manufacturing is calculated by mass percentage: the alloy atomic ratio of Al, Co, Cr, Fe, and Ni is 0.15:1:1 :1:1.

The complex-shaped structural parts containing high-entropy alloys are formed by additive manufacturing. The additive manufacturing technology is formed by coaxial powder feeding laser cladding technology. The forming includes the following steps:

S101. According to the molar ratio of each element in the chemical composition of the high-entropy alloy, the proportion of raw materials is weighed, and the high-entropy pre-alloy powder is obtained by gas atomization of vacuum induction melting. alloy powder;

S201, establishing a three-dimensional model of the structural part on the computer according to the required complex shape of the structural part, converting the three-dimensional model of the structural part into an STL format file and importing it into a forming equipment for coaxial powder feeding laser cladding rapid prototyping;

S301. Put the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder in step S101 into the powder feeding mechanism of the forming equipment in S201, place the base material in the laser action area, and then adjust the thickness and layer thickness of the high-entropy alloy layer according to the STL format file in S201. Number N is selected, and the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder is placed on the surface of the aforementioned substrate through the powder feeding mechanism;

S401. When the high-entropy alloy layer in S301 selects N to be 1, the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder in step S301 passes through a beam with the base material before reaching the melting zone, and is heated to a red-hot state. The pre-alloyed powder is melted and formed by laser cladding technology to obtain complex-shaped structural parts containing high-entropy alloys; among which: the laser power is 1000W, the scanning speed is 0.6mm/s, the thickness of the powder layer is 5mm, and the scanning distance is 1.5mm, Protect the powder with inert gas Ar gas during forming to prevent oxidation of the powder;

When the selection N of the high-entropy alloy layer in S301 is greater than 1, it is necessary to melt and solidify the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder on the surface of the substrate in step S301 according to the forming method when N is 1 for the high-entropy alloy layer. N-1 layer of high-entropy alloy layer, then the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder is laid on the above-mentioned N-1 layer of high-entropy alloy layer through the powder feeding mechanism, and finally the high-entropy alloy layer is selected according to the forming method when N is 1. And solidified and formed to obtain complex-shaped structural parts containing high-entropy alloys.

Among them: As shown in Figure 2, in the high-entropy alloy coating of complex-shaped structural parts containing high-entropy alloys, Figure 2(a) shows the laser power of 1000W, the scanning speed of 0.8mm/s, the thickness of the powder layer of 5mm, and the scanning spacing of The surface morphology of the complex-shaped structural parts of high-entropy alloys formed by 1.5mm laser cladding technology, which is cellular crystal structure, accounting for 100%; Figure 2(b) The microstructure is columnar crystal and cellular crystal, each accounting for ratio of 50%; the yield strength of the substrate before the high-entropy alloy coating is prepared is 340 MPa; the strength after the high-entropy alloy coating is prepared is 200 MPa.

Example 2

A complex-shaped structural component of high-entropy alloys formed by additive manufacturing

As shown in Figure 1, the chemical composition of the high-entropy alloy coating in the complex-shaped structural parts of the high-entropy alloy formed by additive manufacturing is calculated by mass percentage: the alloy atomic ratio of Al, Co, Cr, Fe, and Ni is 0.15:1:1 :1:1.

The complex-shaped structural parts containing high-entropy alloys are formed by additive manufacturing. The additive manufacturing technology is formed by coaxial powder feeding laser cladding technology. The forming includes the following steps:

S101. According to the molar ratio of each element in the chemical composition of the high-entropy alloy, the proportion of raw materials is weighed, and the high-entropy pre-alloy powder is obtained by gas atomization of vacuum induction melting. alloy powder;

S201, establishing a three-dimensional model of the structural part on the computer according to the required complex shape of the structural part, converting the three-dimensional model of the structural part into an STL format file and importing it into a forming equipment for coaxial powder feeding laser cladding rapid prototyping;

S301. Put the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder in step S101 into the powder feeding mechanism of the forming equipment in S201, place the metal substrate in the laser action area, and then adjust the thickness and layer thickness of the high-entropy alloy layer according to the STL format file in S201. Number N is selected, and the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder is placed on the surface of the aforementioned metal substrate through the powder feeding mechanism;

S401. When the high-entropy alloy layer in S301 selects N to be 1, the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder in step S301 passes through the light beam with the metal substrate before reaching the melting zone, and is heated to a red-hot state. The pre-alloyed powder is melted and formed by laser cladding technology to obtain complex-shaped structural parts containing high-entropy alloys; among which: the laser power is 1000W, the scanning speed is 0.6mm/s, the thickness of the powder layer is 5mm, and the scanning distance is 1.5mm, Protect the powder with inert gas Ar gas during forming to prevent oxidation of the powder;

When the selection N of the high-entropy alloy layer in S301 is greater than 1, it is necessary to first melt and solidify the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder on the surface of the metal substrate in step S301 according to the forming method when N is 1 for the high-entropy alloy layer. N-1 layer of high-entropy alloy layer, then the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder is laid on the above-mentioned N-1 layer of high-entropy alloy layer through the powder feeding mechanism, and finally the high-entropy alloy layer is selected according to the forming method when N is 1. And solidified and formed to obtain complex-shaped structural parts containing high-entropy alloys.

Among them: as shown in Figure 3, in the high-entropy alloy coating containing the complex-shaped structure of the high-entropy alloy, (a) is the cross-sectional topography, (b) is the Al element, (c) is the Co element, (d) ) is Cr element, (e) is Fe element, (f) is Ni element; the content of each element is Al 1.41%, Co 22.61%, Cr 20.07%, Fe 22.38%, Ni 33.53%: The strength of the metal substrate before the high-entropy alloy coating is prepared is 340 MPa; the strength after the high-entropy alloy coating is prepared is 180.26 MPa.

Example 3

A complex-shaped structural component of high-entropy alloys formed by additive manufacturing

As shown in Figure 1, the chemical composition of the high-entropy alloy coating in the complex-shaped structural parts of the high-entropy alloy formed by additive manufacturing is calculated by mass percentage: the alloy atomic ratio of Al, Co, Cr, Fe, and Ni is 0.15:1:1 :1:1.

The complex-shaped structural parts containing high-entropy alloys are formed by additive manufacturing. The additive manufacturing technology is formed by coaxial powder feeding laser cladding technology. The forming includes the following steps:

S101. According to the molar ratio of each element in the chemical composition of the high-entropy alloy, the proportion of raw materials is weighed, and the high-entropy pre-alloy powder is obtained by gas atomization of vacuum induction melting. alloy powder;

S201, establishing a three-dimensional model of the structural part on the computer according to the required complex shape of the structural part, converting the three-dimensional model of the structural part into an STL format file and importing it into a forming equipment for coaxial powder feeding laser cladding rapid prototyping;

S301. Put the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder in step S101 into the powder feeding mechanism of the forming equipment in S201, place the base material in the laser action area, and then adjust the thickness and layer thickness of the high-entropy alloy layer according to the STL format file in S201. Number N is selected, and the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder is placed on the surface of the aforementioned substrate through the powder feeding mechanism;

S401. When the high-entropy alloy layer in S301 selects N to be 1, the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder in step S301 passes through a beam with the base material before reaching the melting zone, and is heated to a red-hot state. The pre-alloyed powder is melted and formed by laser cladding technology to obtain complex-shaped structural parts containing high-entropy alloys; among which: the laser power is 1000W, the scanning speed is 0.8mm/s, the thickness of the powder layer is 5mm, and the scanning distance is 1.5mm, Protect the powder with inert gas Ar gas during forming to prevent oxidation of the powder;

When the selection N of the high-entropy alloy layer in S301 is greater than 1, it is necessary to melt and solidify the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder on the surface of the substrate in step S301 according to the forming method when N is 1 for the high-entropy alloy layer. N-1 layer of high-entropy alloy layer, then the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder is laid on the above-mentioned N-1 layer of high-entropy alloy layer through the powder feeding mechanism, and finally the high-entropy alloy layer is selected according to the forming method when N is 1. And solidified and formed to obtain complex-shaped structural parts containing high-entropy alloys.

Among them: as shown in Figure 4, in the high-entropy alloy coating containing complex-shaped structural parts of high-entropy alloy, the microstructure in Figure 4 is cellular crystals of different shapes, accounting for 100%; the substrate is prepared for high-entropy alloy coating. The yield strength before was 340 MPa, and the yield strength after the preparation of the high-entropy alloy coating was 155.842 MPa.

Example 4

A complex-shaped structural component of high-entropy alloys formed by additive manufacturing

The complex-shaped structural parts containing high-entropy alloys are formed by additive manufacturing. The chemical composition of the high-entropy alloy coating in the complex-shaped structural parts is calculated by mass percentage: the alloy atomic ratio of Al, Co, Cr, Fe, and Ni is 0.3:0.9:0.9 :0.9:1.7.

The complex-shaped structural parts of high-entropy alloys are formed by additive manufacturing. When the additive manufacturing technology is formed by the coaxial powder feeding laser cladding technology, the forming includes the following steps:

S102, according to the molar ratio of each element in the chemical composition of the high-entropy alloy, the proportion of raw materials is weighed, and the high-entropy pre-alloy powder is obtained by gas atomization of vacuum induction melting. alloy powder;

S202, establishing a three-dimensional model of the structural part on the computer according to the required complex shape of the structural part, converting the three-dimensional model of the structural part into an STL format file and importing it into a forming equipment for selective laser melting rapid prototyping;

S302. Put the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder of step S102 into the powder feeding mechanism in the forming equipment of S202, place the base material or metal substrate in the laser action area and level it, and then according to the STL format file in S202 The thickness and number N of the high-entropy alloy layer are selected, and the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder is placed on the surface of the aforementioned base material or metal substrate through a powder feeding mechanism;

S402. When N is 1 for the high-entropy alloy layer in step S302, the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder on the surface of the base material or the metal substrate in step S302 is formed by selective laser melting technology to obtain a high-entropy alloy layer, so as to obtain a high-entropy alloy layer containing high-entropy alloys. Complex shape structural parts of alloys; among them: the laser power is 250W, the scanning speed is 1000mm/s, the thickness of the powder layer is 40μm, the scanning distance is 90μm, and the inert gas Ar gas is used to prevent the powder from oxidizing during forming;

When the high-entropy alloy layer in S302 selects N greater than 1, the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder on the surface of the base material or the metal substrate in step S302 needs to be selectively lasered according to the forming method when the high-entropy alloy layer is selected as 1. And solidify and form to obtain the N-1 high-entropy alloy layer, and then lay the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder on the aforementioned N-1 high-entropy alloy layer through the powder feeding mechanism, and finally select N according to the high-entropy alloy layer when N is 1 The forming method is selective laser and solidification forming to obtain complex-shaped structural parts containing high-entropy alloys.

Wherein: the scanning path of the forming process in the step S402 is a grouped direction change type, specifically when N is an odd number, the scanning direction is parallel to the x-axis; when N is an even number, the scanning direction is parallel to the y-axis; layered commutation The materials are scanned and stacked in turn to obtain formed parts.

Among them: In the high-entropy alloy coating of complex-shaped structural parts containing high-entropy alloy, the microstructure is cellular crystals of different shapes, accounting for 100%; The yield strength after alloy coating was 163.72 MPa.

Example 5

A complex-shaped structural component of high-entropy alloys formed by additive manufacturing

The complex-shaped structural parts containing high-entropy alloys are formed by additive manufacturing. The chemical composition of the high-entropy alloy coating in the complex-shaped structural parts is calculated by mass percentage: the alloy atomic ratio of Al, Co, Cr, Fe, and Ni is 0.5:0.8:0.8 :0.8:1.5.

The complex-shaped structural parts of high-entropy alloys are formed by additive manufacturing. When the additive manufacturing technology is formed by the coaxial powder feeding laser cladding technology, the forming includes the following steps:

S102, according to the molar ratio of each element in the chemical composition of the high-entropy alloy, the proportion of raw materials is weighed, and the high-entropy pre-alloy powder is obtained by gas atomization of vacuum induction melting. alloy powder;

S202, establishing a three-dimensional model of the structural part on the computer according to the required complex shape of the structural part, converting the three-dimensional model of the structural part into an STL format file and importing it into a forming equipment for selective laser melting rapid prototyping;

S302. Put the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder of step S102 into the powder feeding mechanism in the forming equipment of S202, place the base material or metal substrate in the laser action area and level it, and then according to the STL format file in S202 The thickness and number N of the high-entropy alloy layer are selected, and the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder is placed on the surface of the aforementioned base material or metal substrate through a powder feeding mechanism;

S402. When N is 1 for the high-entropy alloy layer in step S302, the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder on the surface of the base material or the metal substrate in step S302 is formed by selective laser melting technology to obtain a high-entropy alloy layer, so as to obtain a high-entropy alloy layer containing high-entropy alloys. Complex shape structural parts of alloys; among them: the laser power is 200W, the scanning speed is 1000mm/s, the thickness of the powder layer is 40μm, the scanning distance is 90μm, and the inert gas Ar gas is used to prevent the powder from oxidizing during forming;

When the high-entropy alloy layer in S302 selects N greater than 1, the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder on the surface of the base material or the metal substrate in step S302 needs to be selectively lasered according to the forming method when the high-entropy alloy layer is selected as 1. And solidify and form to obtain the N-1 high-entropy alloy layer, and then lay the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder on the aforementioned N-1 high-entropy alloy layer through the powder feeding mechanism, and finally select N according to the high-entropy alloy layer when N is 1 The forming method is selective laser and solidification forming to obtain complex-shaped structural parts containing high-entropy alloys.

Wherein: the scanning path of the forming process in the step S402 is a grouped direction change type, specifically when N is an odd number, the scanning direction is parallel to the x-axis; when N is an even number, the scanning direction is parallel to the y-axis; layered commutation The materials are scanned and stacked in turn to obtain formed parts.

Among them: In the high-entropy alloy coating of complex-shaped structural parts containing high-entropy alloy, the microstructure is cellular crystals of different shapes, accounting for 100%; The yield strength after alloy coating was 170.635 MPa.

Example 6

A complex-shaped structural component of high-entropy alloys formed by additive manufacturing

The complex-shaped structural parts containing high-entropy alloys are formed by additive manufacturing. The chemical composition of the high-entropy alloy coating in the complex-shaped structural parts is calculated by mass percentage: the alloy atomic ratio of Al, Co, Cr, Fe, and Ni is 0.2:1:1 :1:3.

The complex-shaped structural parts of high-entropy alloys are formed by additive manufacturing. When the additive manufacturing technology is formed by the coaxial powder feeding laser cladding technology, the forming includes the following steps:

S102, according to the molar ratio of each element in the chemical composition of the high-entropy alloy, the proportion of raw materials is weighed, and the high-entropy pre-alloy powder is obtained by gas atomization of vacuum induction melting. alloy powder;

S202, establishing a three-dimensional model of the structural part on the computer according to the required complex shape of the structural part, converting the three-dimensional model of the structural part into an STL format file and importing it into a forming equipment for selective laser melting rapid prototyping;

S302. Put the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder of step S102 into the powder feeding mechanism in the forming equipment of S202, place the base material or metal substrate in the laser action area and level it, and then according to the STL format file in S202 The thickness and number N of the high-entropy alloy layer are selected, and the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder is placed on the surface of the aforementioned base material or metal substrate through a powder feeding mechanism;

S402. When N is 1 for the high-entropy alloy layer in step S302, the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder on the surface of the base material or the metal substrate in step S302 is formed by selective laser melting technology to obtain a high-entropy alloy layer, so as to obtain a high-entropy alloy layer containing high-entropy alloys. Complex shape structural parts of alloys; among them: the laser power is 180W, the scanning speed is 1000mm/s, the thickness of the powder layer is 40μm, the scanning distance is 90μm, and the inert gas Ar gas is used to prevent the powder from oxidizing during forming;

When the high-entropy alloy layer in S302 selects N greater than 1, the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder on the surface of the base material or the metal substrate in step S302 needs to be selectively lasered according to the forming method when the high-entropy alloy layer is selected as 1. And solidify and form to obtain the N-1 high-entropy alloy layer, and then lay the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder on the aforementioned N-1 high-entropy alloy layer through the powder feeding mechanism, and finally select N according to the high-entropy alloy layer when N is 1 The forming method is selective laser and solidification forming to obtain complex-shaped structural parts containing high-entropy alloys.

Wherein: the scanning path of the forming process in the step S402 is a grouped direction change type, specifically when N is an odd number, the scanning direction is parallel to the x-axis; when N is an even number, the scanning direction is parallel to the y-axis; layered commutation The materials are scanned and stacked in turn to obtain formed parts.

Among them: In the high-entropy alloy coating of complex-shaped structural parts containing high-entropy alloy, the microstructure is cellular crystals of different shapes, accounting for 100%; The yield strength after alloy coating was 184.563 MPa.

Example 7

A complex-shaped structural component of high-entropy alloys formed by additive manufacturing

The complex-shaped structural parts containing high-entropy alloys are formed by additive manufacturing. The chemical composition of the high-entropy alloy coating in the complex-shaped structural parts is calculated by mass percentage: the alloy atomic ratio of Al, Co, Cr, Fe, and Ni is 0.4:0.9:0.9 :0.9:2.

The complex-shaped structural parts of high-entropy alloys are formed by additive manufacturing. The additive manufacturing technology is formed by electron beam selective melting technology. The forming includes the following steps:

S103, according to the molar ratio of each element in the chemical composition of the high-entropy alloy, carry out the proportioning and weighing of the raw materials, and adopt the gas atomization of vacuum induction melting to obtain the high-entropy pre-alloy powder, and the high-entropy pre-alloy powder is selected to be sieved with a particle size of 50 μm alloy powder;

S203, establishing a three-dimensional model of the structural part on the computer according to the required complex shape of the structural part, converting the three-dimensional model of the structural part into an STL format file and importing it into a forming device for electron beam selective melting and forming;

S303. Put the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder of step S103 into the powder feeding mechanism in the forming equipment of S203, place the base material or metal substrate in the electron beam action area, and then perform the high-entropy alloy layer according to the STL format file in S203. The thickness and the number of layers N are selected, and the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder is placed on the surface of the aforementioned base material or metal substrate through the powder feeding mechanism;

S403. When the high-entropy alloy layer in S303 selects N to be 1, the high-entropy pre-alloy powder on the surface of the base material or the metal substrate in step S303 firstly uses a defocused electron beam to quickly scan the powder layer to preheat the high-entropy pre-alloy powder. Alloy powder, the preheating temperature is 800 ℃; then the powder is selectively melted by focusing electron beam, and the high-entropy alloy layer is obtained by forming, so as to obtain a complex shape structure containing high-entropy alloy; among which: the electron beam current is 10mA, the scanning speed 1.5m/s, the thickness of the powder layer is 60μm, the scanning line spacing is 40μm; the inert gas He gas is used to protect the powder from oxidation during forming;

When the high-entropy alloy layer in S303 selects N greater than 1, the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder on the surface of the base material or the metal substrate in step S303 needs to be selected by the electron beam according to the forming method when the high-entropy alloy layer is selected as 1. Melt and solidify to obtain the N-1 high-entropy alloy layer, and then lay the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder on the aforementioned N-1 high-entropy alloy layer through the powder feeding mechanism, and finally select N according to the high-entropy alloy layer. The complex shape structure containing the high-entropy alloy is obtained by electron beam selective melting and solidification in the forming method at the same time.

S5. The multi-layer high-entropy alloy layer is formed alternately with the feeding of the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder and the electron beam selective melting forming, wherein when the N-th high-entropy alloy layer is subjected to selective laser melting and solidification, the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder is then carried out. The N+1-th high-entropy alloy layer is formed, and finally a complex-shaped structure of high-entropy alloy is obtained.

Among them: In the high-entropy alloy coating of complex-shaped structural parts containing high-entropy alloy, the microstructure is cellular crystals of different shapes, accounting for 100%; The yield strength after alloy coating was 170.486 MPa.

Example 8

A complex-shaped structural component of high-entropy alloys formed by additive manufacturing

The complex-shaped structural parts containing high-entropy alloys are formed by additive manufacturing. The chemical composition of the high-entropy alloy coating in the complex-shaped structural parts is calculated by mass percentage: the alloy atomic ratio of Al, Co, Cr, Fe, and Ni is 0.35:1:1 :1:2.2.

The complex-shaped structural parts of high-entropy alloys are formed by additive manufacturing. The additive manufacturing technology is formed by electron beam selective melting technology. The forming includes the following steps:

S103, according to the molar ratio of each element in the chemical composition of the high-entropy alloy, carry out the proportioning and weighing of the raw materials, and adopt the gas atomization of vacuum induction melting to obtain the high-entropy pre-alloy powder. alloy powder;

S203, establishing a three-dimensional model of the structural part on the computer according to the required complex shape of the structural part, converting the three-dimensional model of the structural part into an STL format file and importing it into a forming device for electron beam selective melting and forming;

S303. Put the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder of step S103 into the powder feeding mechanism in the forming equipment of S203, place the base material or metal substrate in the electron beam action area, and then perform the high-entropy alloy layer according to the STL format file in S203. The thickness and the number of layers N are selected, and the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder is placed on the surface of the aforementioned base material or metal substrate through the powder feeding mechanism;

S403. When the high-entropy alloy layer in S303 selects N to be 1, the high-entropy pre-alloy powder on the surface of the base material or the metal substrate in step S303 firstly uses a defocused electron beam to quickly scan the powder layer to preheat the high-entropy pre-alloy powder. Alloy powder, the preheating temperature is 800 ℃; then the powder is selectively melted by focusing electron beam, and the high-entropy alloy layer is obtained by forming, so as to obtain a complex shape structure containing high-entropy alloy; among which: the electron beam current is 15mA, the scanning speed 1.5m/s, the thickness of the powder layer is 60μm, the scanning line spacing is 40μm; the inert gas He gas is used to protect the powder from oxidation during forming;

When the high-entropy alloy layer in S303 selects N greater than 1, the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder on the surface of the base material or the metal substrate in step S303 needs to be selected by the electron beam according to the forming method when the high-entropy alloy layer is selected as 1. Melt and solidify to obtain the N-1 high-entropy alloy layer, and then lay the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder on the aforementioned N-1 high-entropy alloy layer through the powder feeding mechanism, and finally select N according to the high-entropy alloy layer. The complex shape structure containing the high-entropy alloy is obtained by electron beam selective melting and solidification in the forming method at the same time.

S5. The multi-layer high-entropy alloy layer is formed alternately with the feeding of the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder and the electron beam selective melting forming, wherein when the N-th high-entropy alloy layer is subjected to selective laser melting and solidification, the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder is then carried out. The N+1-th high-entropy alloy layer is formed, and finally a complex-shaped structure of high-entropy alloy is obtained.

Among them: In the high-entropy alloy coating of complex-shaped structural parts containing high-entropy alloy, the microstructure is cellular crystals of different shapes, accounting for 100%; The yield strength after alloy coating was 191.257 MPa.

Example 9

A complex-shaped structural component of high-entropy alloys formed by additive manufacturing

The complex-shaped structural parts containing high-entropy alloys are formed by additive manufacturing. The chemical composition of the high-entropy alloy coating in the complex-shaped structural parts is calculated by mass percentage: the alloy atomic ratio of Al, Co, Cr, Fe, and Ni is 0.45:0.8:0.9 :1.0:2.6.

The complex-shaped structural parts of high-entropy alloys are formed by additive manufacturing. The additive manufacturing technology is formed by electron beam selective melting technology. The forming includes the following steps:

S103, according to the molar ratio of each element in the chemical composition of the high-entropy alloy, carry out the proportioning and weighing of the raw materials, and adopt the gas atomization of vacuum induction melting to obtain the high-entropy pre-alloy powder. alloy powder;

S203, establishing a three-dimensional model of the structural part on the computer according to the required complex shape of the structural part, converting the three-dimensional model of the structural part into an STL format file and importing it into a forming device for electron beam selective melting and forming;

S303. Put the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder of step S103 into the powder feeding mechanism in the forming equipment of S203, place the base material or metal substrate in the electron beam action area, and then perform the high-entropy alloy layer according to the STL format file in S203. The thickness and the number of layers N are selected, and the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder is placed on the surface of the aforementioned base material or metal substrate through the powder feeding mechanism;

S403. When the high-entropy alloy layer in S303 selects N to be 1, the high-entropy pre-alloy powder on the surface of the base material or the metal substrate in step S303 firstly uses a defocused electron beam to quickly scan the powder layer to preheat the high-entropy pre-alloy powder. Alloy powder, the preheating temperature is 800 ℃; then the powder is selectively melted by focusing electron beam, and the high-entropy alloy layer is obtained by forming, so as to obtain a complex shape structure containing high-entropy alloy; among which: the electron beam current is 12mA, the scanning speed 1.5m/s, the thickness of the powder layer is 60μm, the scanning line spacing is 40μm; the inert gas He gas is used to protect the powder from oxidation during forming;

When the high-entropy alloy layer in S303 selects N greater than 1, the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder on the surface of the base material or the metal substrate in step S303 needs to be selected by the electron beam according to the forming method when the high-entropy alloy layer is selected as 1. Melt and solidify to obtain the N-1 high-entropy alloy layer, and then lay the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder on the aforementioned N-1 high-entropy alloy layer through the powder feeding mechanism, and finally select N according to the high-entropy alloy layer. In the forming method, electron beam selective melting and solidification are carried out to obtain complex shape structural parts containing high-entropy alloys.

S5. The multi-layer high-entropy alloy layer is formed alternately with the feeding of the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder and the electron beam selective melting forming, wherein when the N-th high-entropy alloy layer is subjected to selective laser melting and solidification, the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder is then carried out. The N+1-th high-entropy alloy layer is formed, and finally a complex-shaped structure of high-entropy alloy is obtained.

Among them: In the high-entropy alloy coating of complex-shaped structural parts containing high-entropy alloy, the microstructure is cellular crystals of different shapes, accounting for 100%; The yield strength after alloy coating was 167.195 MPa.

In the above scheme, the present invention makes full use of the excellent properties of the high-entropy alloy to improve the application range of the high-entropy alloy, that is, the high-entropy alloy formed by the melting technology of the present invention has a simple face-centered cubic structure, which not only retains the base material or metal The original excellent performance of the substrate can also make the surface of the substrate or metal substrate have high density and good dimensional accuracy of high-entropy materials, and at the same time have high strength, which can meet the higher performance requirements of materials in modern industry. .

The invention provides a high-entropy alloy AlCoCrFeNi series powder material with a new composition ratio. The high-entropy alloy coating is prepared on the substrate by using the synchronous powder feeding laser cladding technology, and the alloy forming process and related microstructure properties are determined.

The atomic molar ratio of the high-entropy alloy AlCoCrFeNi selected in the present invention is: (0.1-0.3): (0.8-1.0): (0.8-1.0): (0.8-1.0): (1.0-2.0), which is a gas atomized pre-alloy The powder, the pre-alloyed powder is spherical and the purity is not less than 99.9%.

The invention uses the laser cladding technology because it is pollution-free and the prepared coating and the base material are metallurgically bonded, and the bonding surface is firm; the base material or metal substrate is additively manufactured or repaired by using a high-energy laser beam, and the obtained high entropy The alloy product is dense and firm; this method not only solves the problems of difficult processing of ingots prepared by traditional vacuum arc casting and easy segregation of alloy components, but also can effectively improve the utilization rate and production efficiency of high-entropy materials, and greatly reduce the loss of parts cost, but also proposed new application areas of high-entropy alloys.

The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made. These improvements and modifications It should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A complex-shaped structural member containing a high-entropy alloy formed by additive manufacturing, comprising the steps of:

s1, carrying out proportioning weighing on the raw materials according to the molar ratio of each element in the chemical components of the high-entropy alloy, and preparing high-entropy pre-alloy powder by adopting gas atomization of vacuum induction melting;

s2, establishing a three-dimensional model of the structural part on a computer according to the complex shape of the structural part, converting the three-dimensional model of the structural part into an STL format file and importing the STL format file into forming equipment utilizing a laser or electron beam additive manufacturing technology;

s3, putting the high-entropy prealloy powder obtained in the step S1 into a powder feeding mechanism in a forming device of S2, then placing a base material or a metal substrate in a laser or electron beam action area, then selecting the thickness and the layer number N of the high-entropy alloy layer according to an STL format file in S2, and paving the high-entropy prealloy powder on the surface of the base material or the metal substrate through the powder feeding mechanism;

s4, when the high-entropy alloy layer in the S3 selects N as 1, melting and solidifying the high-entropy pre-alloy powder on the surface of the base material or the metal substrate in the step S3 to obtain a complex-shaped structural member containing the high-entropy alloy;

when N is greater than 1 in the high-entropy alloy layer in S3, melting and solidifying the high-entropy pre-alloy powder on the surface of the base material or the metal substrate in step S3 to obtain an N-1 th high-entropy alloy layer, then laying the high-entropy pre-alloy powder on the N-1 th high-entropy alloy layer through a powder feeding mechanism, and finally melting and solidifying to obtain a complex-shaped structural member containing the high-entropy alloy.

2. A complex-shaped structural member containing a high-entropy alloy formed by additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the high-entropy alloy in the step S1 has a chemical composition, in mass percent: the alloy atomic ratio of Al, Co, Cr, Fe and Ni is (0.1-0.5): (0.8-1.1): (0.8-1.1): (0.8-1.1): (1.0-3.0).

3. A forming of a high entropy alloy-containing complex-shaped structure by additive manufacturing according to claim 2, wherein the additive manufacturing technique in step S2 is any one of a coaxial powder-feeding laser cladding technique forming, a selective laser melting technique forming, and an electron beam selective melting technique forming.

4. A complex-shaped structural member containing a high-entropy alloy formed by additive manufacturing according to claim 3, wherein when the additive manufacturing technique in step S2 is formed by a coaxial powder-feeding laser cladding technique, the method includes the following steps:

s101, proportioning and weighing raw materials according to the mole ratio of each element in the chemical components of the high-entropy alloy, and preparing high-entropy pre-alloy powder by adopting gas atomization of vacuum induction melting;

s201, establishing a three-dimensional model of a structural part on a computer according to the complex shape of the structural part, converting the three-dimensional model of the structural part into an STL format file and introducing the STL format file into coaxial powder-feeding laser cladding rapid forming equipment;

s301, putting the high-entropy prealloy powder obtained in the step S101 into a powder feeding mechanism in forming equipment of S201, placing a base material or a metal substrate in a laser action area, selecting the thickness and the number N of layers of the high-entropy alloy layer according to an STL format file in S201, and placing the high-entropy prealloy powder on the surface of the base material or the metal substrate through the powder feeding mechanism;

s401, when the high-entropy alloy layer in S301 selects N as 1, the high-entropy pre-alloy powder in the step S301 passes through a light beam before reaching a melting zone along with a base material or a metal substrate, is heated to a red hot state, is melted after entering the melting zone, and is formed by a laser cladding technology to obtain a structural member with a complex shape and containing the high-entropy alloy; wherein: the laser power is 800-2000W, the scanning speed is 0.1-1.2mm/s, the thickness of the powder layer is 3-5mm, the scanning interval is 1-2mm, and the powder is protected by inert gas to prevent the powder from being oxidized during forming;

when N is greater than 1 as the high-entropy alloy layer in S301, melting and solidifying the high-entropy pre-alloy powder on the surface of the base material or the metal substrate in S301 according to the forming mode when N is 1 as the high-entropy alloy layer, so as to obtain an N-1 th high-entropy alloy layer, then laying the high-entropy pre-alloy powder on the N-1 th high-entropy alloy layer through a powder feeding mechanism, and finally melting and solidifying according to the forming mode when N is 1 as the high-entropy alloy layer, so as to obtain the complex-shaped structural member containing the high-entropy alloy.

5. The forming of a high-entropy alloy-containing complex-shaped structural member by additive manufacturing according to claim 4, wherein the high-entropy pre-alloy powder in the step S101 is an alloy powder with a selective screening grain size of 35-104 μm, and the inert gas used in the forming in the step S401 is Ar gas.

6. A complex-shaped structural member containing a high-entropy alloy formed by additive manufacturing according to claim 3, wherein when the additive manufacturing technique in step S2 is formed by a selective laser melting technique, the method includes the following steps:

s102, carrying out proportioning weighing on raw materials according to the molar ratio of each element in the chemical components of the high-entropy alloy, and preparing high-entropy pre-alloy powder by adopting gas atomization of vacuum induction melting;

s202, establishing a three-dimensional model of the structural part on a computer according to the complex shape of the required structural part, converting the three-dimensional model of the structural part into an STL format file and introducing the STL format file into selective laser melting rapid forming equipment;

s302, putting the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder obtained in the step S102 into a powder feeding mechanism in the forming equipment of S202, placing a base material or a metal substrate in a laser action area and leveling the laser action area, then selecting the thickness and the number N of layers of a high-entropy alloy layer according to the STL format file in the step S202, and placing the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder on the surface of the base material or the metal substrate through the powder feeding mechanism;

s402, when the high-entropy alloy layer in the S302 is selected to be N1, carrying out selective laser melting technology forming on the high-entropy pre-alloy powder on the surface of the base material or the metal substrate in the step S302 to obtain the high-entropy alloy layer, so as to obtain the structural member with the complex shape and containing the high-entropy alloy; wherein: the laser power is 150-250W, the scanning speed is 600-1000mm/s, the thickness of the powder layer is 30-60 μm, the scanning interval is 80-100 μm, and the powder is protected by inert gas to prevent the powder from being oxidized during forming;

when N is greater than 1 as the high-entropy alloy layer in S302, selective laser is performed on the high-entropy pre-alloy powder on the surface of the base material or the metal substrate in step S302 according to a forming mode when N is 1 as the high-entropy alloy layer, the high-entropy pre-alloy powder is solidified and formed to obtain an N-1 th high-entropy alloy layer, then the high-entropy pre-alloy powder is laid on the N-1 th high-entropy alloy layer through a powder feeding mechanism, and finally, selective laser is performed according to a forming mode when N is 1 as the high-entropy alloy layer, and the high-entropy alloy-containing complex-shaped structural member is obtained through solidification and forming.

7. A structural member with a complex shape containing a high-entropy alloy formed through additive manufacturing according to claim 6, wherein the high-entropy pre-alloy powder in the step S102 is selected from alloy powder with a sieving grain size of 15-58 μm, and the inert gas used in the forming in the step S402 is Ar gas.

8. A complex-shaped structural member containing high-entropy alloy through additive manufacturing and forming according to claim 6, wherein the scanning path of the forming process in the step S402 is a grouping direction-changing type, and particularly when N is an odd number, the scanning direction is parallel to the x axis; when N is an even number, the scanning direction is parallel to the y axis; and (5) scanning the materials by layered reversing, and sequentially superposing to obtain a formed piece.

9. A complex-shaped structural member containing a high-entropy alloy formed by additive manufacturing according to claim 3, wherein when the additive manufacturing technique in step S2 is formed by an electron beam selective melting technique, the method includes the following steps:

s103, proportioning and weighing the raw materials according to the molar ratio of each element in the chemical components of the high-entropy alloy, and preparing high-entropy pre-alloy powder by adopting gas atomization of vacuum induction melting;

s203, establishing a three-dimensional model of the structural part on a computer according to the complex shape of the required structural part, converting the three-dimensional model of the structural part into an STL format file and introducing the STL format file into a forming device for selective melting forming of an electron beam;

s303, putting the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder obtained in the step S103 into a powder feeding mechanism in a forming device of S203, putting a base material or a metal substrate in an electron beam action area, then selecting the thickness and the number N of layers of a high-entropy alloy layer according to an STL format file in the step S203, and putting the high-entropy pre-alloyed powder on the surface of the base material or the metal substrate through the powder feeding mechanism;

s403, when the high-entropy alloy layer in S303 selects N as 1, rapidly scanning the powder layer by defocusing electron beams to preheat the high-entropy pre-alloy powder on the surface of the base material or the metal substrate in step S303, wherein the preheating temperature is 600-800 ℃; then, selective melting of powder is carried out through focusing of electron beams, and a high-entropy alloy layer is obtained through forming, so that a structural member with a complex shape and containing the high-entropy alloy is obtained; wherein: the beam current of the electron beam is 5-15mA, the scanning speed is 0.2-1.6m/s, the thickness of the powder laying layer is 50-80 μm, and the distance between scanning lines is 15-60 μm; the inert gas is used for protecting the powder to prevent the powder from being oxidized during forming;

when the high-entropy alloy layer in S303 is selected to have N greater than 1, the high-entropy pre-alloy powder on the surface of the base material or the metal substrate in step S303 is subjected to selective electron beam melting and solidification forming according to the forming mode when the high-entropy alloy layer is selected to have N of 1 to obtain an N-1 th high-entropy alloy layer, then the high-entropy pre-alloy powder is laid on the N-1 th high-entropy alloy layer through a powder feeding mechanism, and finally the high-entropy alloy layer is subjected to selective electron beam melting and solidification forming according to the forming mode when the high-entropy alloy layer is selected to have N of 1 to obtain the complex-shaped structural member containing the high-entropy alloy.

S5, alternately carrying out melting forming along with feeding of the high-entropy pre-alloy powder and selective electron beam forming to form a plurality of high-entropy alloy layers, wherein after selective laser melting and solidification are carried out on the Nth high-entropy alloy layer, feeding of the high-entropy pre-alloy powder is carried out to form an N +1 th high-entropy alloy layer, and finally obtaining the high-entropy alloy complex-shaped structural member.

10. A forming of a complex-shaped structural member containing high-entropy alloy through additive manufacturing according to claim 9, wherein the high-entropy pre-alloy powder in step S103 is selected to have a sieving grain size of 30-125 μm, and the inert gas used in the forming in step S403 is He gas.

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