CN114621016B - 一种耐火保温材料的制备工艺 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种耐火保温材料的制备工艺,属于建筑材料制备技术领域,包括以下步骤:第一步、将正硅酸乙酯、乙醇和去离子水混合,调节pH至3‑4后50℃下静置1h,调节pH至8‑9室温下静置4‑6h,加入改性硅灰石纤维,搅拌后静置4h,再于60℃下处理2h,得到包覆物,将包覆物置于正己烷中溶剂置换4‑8h后,置于三甲基氯硅烷水溶液中搅拌反应4‑8h,得到复合气凝胶;第二步、将粉煤灰、复合气凝胶和糊精搅拌得到混合粉料,将膨胀蛭石加入结合剂中搅拌后加入防水剂和混合粉料,搅拌得到匀料;第三步、将匀料成型、干燥、焙烧,得到耐火保温材料,本发明在复合材料中加入自制的复合气凝胶,提高复合材料的耐火保温性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于建筑材料制备技术领域,具体地,涉及一种耐火保温材料的制备工艺。
背景技术
耐火保温材料是一类耐高温、热导率小、抗热震、阻燃,并且能够减缓由热传导、热对流等引起的热量散失的材料,它是通过材料的特殊结构来限制低热导率的空气热对流来实现减慢热量流失的。耐火保温材料一般用于工业炉窑、冶金、管道和热工设备中,以减缓热量的散失。
粉煤灰,是从煤燃烧后的烟气中收捕下料的细灰,是燃煤电厂排出的主要固体废物,颗粒呈多孔型蜂窝状组织,比表面积大,具有较高的吸附活性,颗粒的粒径范围为0.5-300μm,并且珠壁具有多孔结构,孔隙率高达50-80%,因此,基于提高粉煤灰的利用率,本发明提供一种耐火保温材料的制备工艺。
发明内容
为了解决背景技术中提到的技术问题,本发明提供一种耐火保温材料的制备工艺。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
一种耐火保温材料的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
第一步、准备以下重量份原料:膨胀蛭石60-65份、粉煤灰20-30份、复合气凝胶15-18份、糊精2-2.5份、防水剂3-5份和结合剂25-30份;
第二步、将粉煤灰、复合气凝胶和糊精加入混料机中搅拌混合30-60min得到混合粉料,将膨胀蛭石加入结合剂中搅拌均匀后加入防水剂,继续搅拌30min后加入混合粉料,搅拌20-40min得到匀料;
第三步、将匀料置于模具中静置成型24h后,转移至烘干炉内在100-110℃干燥24-36h,在230-300℃下高温焙烧10-12h,得到耐火保温材料。
进一步地,复合气凝胶由以下步骤制成:
步骤A1、将硅灰石加入质量分数为1.5-2%的氢氧化钠溶液中搅拌30-50min,然后加入醋酸调节pH至7,然后加入质量分数5%的KH-550水溶液,搅拌反应4-6h,反应结束后,离心,沉淀用去离子水清洗3-5次,置于60℃烘箱中干燥至恒重,得到改性硅灰石纤维;
其中,硅灰石、氢氧化钠溶液和KH-550水溶液的质量比为6-8:70-80:5-15,首先在碱性溶液中使硅灰石表面呈现蜂窝状的微孔结构,然后通过醋酸调节pH至中性,通过KH-550改性处理得到改性硅灰石纤维;
步骤A2、将正硅酸乙酯、乙醇和去离子水置于烧杯中,滴加浓度0.2mol/L的盐酸溶液调节pH至3-4,控制滴加速度1滴/秒,滴加结束后,将反应产物置于50℃环境中静置1h,然后滴加浓度0.3mol/L的氨水溶液调节pH至8-9,室温下静置4-6h得到溶胶,然后向溶胶中加入改性硅灰石纤维,转速60-80r/min下搅拌1h后静置4h,再于60℃环境中处理2h,得到包覆物,将包覆物置于正己烷中进行溶剂置换4-8h,然后抽滤,滤饼置于体积分数7-10%的三甲基氯硅烷水溶液中,搅拌反应4-8h,然后抽滤,滤饼先于60℃下干燥12h,再于90℃下干燥12h,最后于150℃下干燥10h,得到复合气凝胶;
其中,正硅酸乙酯、乙醇和去离子水的摩尔比为1:4:2-3,溶胶和改性硅灰石纤维质量比为100:10-15,包裹物、正己烷和三甲基氯硅烷水溶液的用量比为5.6-7.4g:80mL:80-100mL,首先使正硅酸乙酯水解,然后在碱性条件下得到溶胶,然后加入改性硅灰石纤维,使改性硅灰石纤维浸入溶胶中,然后通过老化处理,溶剂置换,偶联剂疏水改性,得到复合气凝胶。
进一步地,膨胀蛭石的密度为80-250kg/m3,热导率为0.17-0.25W/(m·K)。
进一步地,糊精为工业糊精,粒度<0.1mm,防水剂为有机硅类防水剂,结合剂为磷酸二氢铝和磷酸中的一种或两种按照任意比例混合而成。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明目的在于提供一种耐火保温材料的制备工艺,将膨胀蛭石和粉煤灰作为主料,通过加入复合气凝胶和助剂,得到一种耐火性能高、保温性能好的材料,较为突出的是,硅灰石具有较高的耐温性能,熔点1540℃,热膨胀系数低,具有优良的耐热,耐腐蚀,耐候性,本发明首先通过碱性处理和偶联剂修饰得到改性硅灰石纤维,然后以改性硅灰石纤维作为增强材料制备出复合气凝胶,该复合气凝胶具有硅灰石的耐高温特性,并且具有二氧化硅气凝胶的隔热性能,将其加入保温材料中,纤维状的硅灰石互相交错连接,形成较好的网络结构并均匀分布在材料中,再结合纳米SiO2气凝胶的多孔隙特点,有效改善保温材料的孔结构,增强了材料的耐火性能。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种复合气凝胶,由以下步骤制成:
步骤A1、将6g硅灰石加入70g质量分数为1.5%的氢氧化钠溶液中搅拌30min,然后加入醋酸调节pH至7,然后加入5g质量分数5%的KH-550水溶液,搅拌反应4h,反应结束后,离心,沉淀用去离子水清洗3次,置于60℃烘箱中干燥至恒重,得到改性硅灰石纤维;
步骤A2、将1mol正硅酸乙酯、4mol乙醇和2mol去离子水置于烧杯中,滴加浓度0.2mol/L的盐酸溶液调节pH至3,控制滴加速度1滴/秒,滴加结束后,将反应产物置于50℃环境中静置1h,然后滴加浓度0.3mol/L的氨水溶液调节pH至8,室温下静置4h得到溶胶,然后向100g溶胶中加入10g改性硅灰石纤维,转速60r/min下搅拌1h后静置4h,再于60℃环境中处理2h,得到包覆物,将5.6g包裹物置于80mL正己烷中进行溶剂置换4h,然后抽滤,滤饼置于80mL体积分数7%的三甲基氯硅烷水溶液中,搅拌反应4h,然后抽滤,滤饼先于60℃下干燥12h,再于90℃下干燥12h,最后于150℃下干燥10h,得到复合气凝胶。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种复合气凝胶,由以下步骤制成:
步骤A1、将7g硅灰石加入75g质量分数为1.8%的氢氧化钠溶液中搅拌40min,然后加入醋酸调节pH至7,然后加入10g质量分数5%的KH-550水溶液,搅拌反应5h,反应结束后,离心,沉淀用去离子水清洗4次,置于60℃烘箱中干燥至恒重,得到改性硅灰石纤维;
步骤A2、将1mol正硅酸乙酯、4mol乙醇和2.5mol去离子水置于烧杯中,滴加浓度0.2mol/L的盐酸溶液调节pH至3.5,控制滴加速度1滴/秒,滴加结束后,将反应产物置于50℃环境中静置1h,然后滴加浓度0.3mol/L的氨水溶液调节pH至8.5,室温下静置5h得到溶胶,然后向100g溶胶中加入12g改性硅灰石纤维,转速70r/min下搅拌1h后静置4h,再于60℃环境中处理2h,得到包覆物,将5.9g包裹物置于80mL正己烷中进行溶剂置换6h,然后抽滤,滤饼置于90mL体积分数8%的三甲基氯硅烷水溶液中,搅拌反应6h,然后抽滤,滤饼先于60℃下干燥12h,再于90℃下干燥12h,最后于150℃下干燥10h,得到复合气凝胶。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种复合气凝胶,由以下步骤制成:
步骤A1、将8g硅灰石加入80g质量分数为2%的氢氧化钠溶液中搅拌50min,然后加入醋酸调节pH至7,然后加入15g质量分数5%的KH-550水溶液,搅拌反应6h,反应结束后,离心,沉淀用去离子水清洗5次,置于60℃烘箱中干燥至恒重,得到改性硅灰石纤维;
步骤A2、将1mol正硅酸乙酯、4mol乙醇和3mol去离子水置于烧杯中,滴加浓度0.2mol/L的盐酸溶液调节pH至4,控制滴加速度1滴/秒,滴加结束后,将反应产物置于50℃环境中静置1h,然后滴加浓度0.3mol/L的氨水溶液调节pH至9,室温下静置6h得到溶胶,然后向100g溶胶中加入15g改性硅灰石纤维,转速80r/min下搅拌1h后静置4h,再于60℃环境中处理2h,得到包覆物,将7.4g包裹物置于80mL正己烷中进行溶剂置换8h,然后抽滤,滤饼置于100mL体积分数10%的三甲基氯硅烷水溶液中,搅拌反应8h,然后抽滤,滤饼先于60℃下干燥12h,再于90℃下干燥12h,最后于150℃下干燥10h,得到复合气凝胶。
对比例1
本对比例为江西奥特科技有限公司出售的硅灰石纤维。
实施例4
一种耐火保温材料的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
第一步、准备以下重量份原料:膨胀蛭石60份、粉煤灰30份、实施例1的复合气凝胶15份、糊精2.5份、防水剂3份和结合剂30份;
第二步、将粉煤灰、复合气凝胶和糊精加入混料机中搅拌混合30min得到混合粉料,将膨胀蛭石加入结合剂中搅拌均匀后加入防水剂,继续搅拌30min后加入混合粉料,搅拌40min得到匀料;
第三步、将匀料置于模具中静置成型24h后,转移至烘干炉内在110℃干燥24h,在230℃下高温焙烧12h,得到耐火保温材料。
其中,膨胀蛭石的密度为80-250kg/m3,热导率为0.17-0.25W/(m·K),糊精为工业糊精,粒度<0.1mm,防水剂为济南硅港化工有限公司出售的有机硅类防水剂,结合剂为磷酸二氢铝。
实施例5
一种耐火保温材料的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
第一步、准备以下重量份原料:膨胀蛭石65份、粉煤灰20份、实施例2的复合气凝胶15份、糊精2.5份、防水剂3份和结合剂30份;
第二步、将粉煤灰、复合气凝胶和糊精加入混料机中搅拌混合30min得到混合粉料,将膨胀蛭石加入结合剂中搅拌均匀后加入防水剂,继续搅拌30min后加入混合粉料,搅拌20min得到匀料;
第三步、将匀料置于模具中静置成型24h后,转移至烘干炉内在100℃干燥24h,在230℃下高温焙烧10h,得到耐火保温材料。
其中,膨胀蛭石的密度为80-250kg/m3,热导率为0.17-0.25W/(m·K),糊精为工业糊精,粒度<0.1mm,防水剂为济南硅港化工有限公司出售的有机硅类防水剂,结合剂为磷酸。
实施例6
一种耐火保温材料的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
第一步、准备以下重量份原料:膨胀蛭石62份、粉煤灰25份、实施例3的复合气凝胶17份、糊精2.3份、防水剂4份和结合剂28份;
第二步、将粉煤灰、复合气凝胶和糊精加入混料机中搅拌混合60min得到混合粉料,将膨胀蛭石加入结合剂中搅拌均匀后加入防水剂,继续搅拌30min后加入混合粉料,搅拌40min得到匀料;
第三步、将匀料置于模具中静置成型24h后,转移至烘干炉内在1050℃干燥32h,在280℃下高温焙烧11h,得到耐火保温材料。
其中,膨胀蛭石的密度为80-250kg/m3,热导率为0.17-0.25W/(m·K),糊精为工业糊精,粒度<0.1mm,防水剂为济南硅港化工有限公司出售的有机硅类防水剂,结合剂为磷酸二氢铝和磷酸质量比1:1混合而成。
对比例2
将实施例4中的复合气凝胶替换成对比例1的物质,其余原料及制备过程不变。
对比例3
将实施例6中的复合气凝胶去除,其余原料及制备过程不变。
将实施例4-6和对比例2-3所得的耐候保温材料进行测试,参照标准GB/T3997.1-1998测试重烧线变化(%),按照GB/T10297-1998标准测试导热系数(W/m·K),测试结果如表1所示:
表1
| 项目 | 重烧线变化(%)900℃×8h | 导热系数(W/m·K)300±10℃ |
| 实施例4 | 0.8 | 0.07 |
| 实施例5 | 0.7 | 0.06 |
| 实施例6 | 0.8 | 0.07 |
| 对比例2 | 1.1 | 0.18 |
| 对比例3 | 1.7 | 0.35 |
由表1可以看出,实施例4-6耐火保温材料的耐火性能、保温性能均优于对比例2-3,说明本发明制备的材料具有较高的性能。
在说明书的描述中,参考术语“一个实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明所作的举例和说明,所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代,只要不偏离发明或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围,均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种耐火保温材料的制备工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
第一步、将正硅酸乙酯、乙醇和去离子水置于烧杯中,滴加盐酸溶液调节pH至3-4,然后置于50℃环境中静置1h,滴加氨水溶液调节pH至8-9,室温下静置4-6h得到溶胶,向溶胶中加入改性硅灰石纤维,搅拌1h后静置4h,再于60℃环境中处理2h,得到包覆物,将包覆物置于正己烷中进行溶剂置换4-8h,抽滤,滤饼置于三甲基氯硅烷水溶液中搅拌反应4-8h,然后抽滤,滤饼分段干燥,得到复合气凝胶;
第二步、将粉煤灰、复合气凝胶和糊精加入混料机中搅拌得到混合粉料,将膨胀蛭石加入结合剂中搅拌均匀后加入防水剂,继续搅拌后加入混合粉料,搅拌20-40min得到匀料;
第三步、将匀料置于模具中静置成型24h后,转移至烘干炉内在100-110℃干燥24-36h,在230-300℃下高温焙烧10-12h,得到耐火保温材料;
改性硅灰石纤维由以下步骤制成:
将硅灰石加入质量分数为1.5-2%的氢氧化钠溶液中搅拌30-50min,然后加入醋酸调节pH至7,再加入质量分数5%的KH-550水溶液,搅拌反应4-6h,后处理,得到改性硅灰石纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐火保温材料的制备工艺,其特征在于,第二步中各原料的重量份如下:膨胀蛭石60-65份、粉煤灰20-30份、复合气凝胶15-18份、糊精2-2.5份、防水剂3-5份和结合剂25-30份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐火保温材料的制备工艺,其特征在于,盐酸溶液的浓度为0.2mol/L,氨水溶液的浓度为0.3mol/L,三甲基氯硅烷水溶液的体积分数为7-10%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐火保温材料的制备工艺,其特征在于,正硅酸乙酯、乙醇和去离子水的摩尔比为1:4:2-3,溶胶和改性硅灰石纤维质量比为100:10-15,包覆物、正己烷和三甲基氯硅烷水溶液的用量比为5.6-7.4g:80mL:80-100mL。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐火保温材料的制备工艺,其特征在于,硅灰石、氢氧化钠溶液和KH-550水溶液的质量比为6-8:70-80:5-15。
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