CN114352366A - Compressed air cryogenic energy storage and oxygen-enriched combustion carbon capture system of thermal power plant - Google Patents
Compressed air cryogenic energy storage and oxygen-enriched combustion carbon capture system of thermal power plant Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种火电厂压缩空气深冷储能与富氧燃烧碳捕集系统,包括低压压气机、高压压气机、固体颗粒储热系统和熔岩储热系统,低压压气机和高压压气机由电机带动或拖动汽轮机带动,在电网用电负荷小或者电厂有富余用电时,多余的电能带动低压压气机和高压压气机压缩从大气中吸入的空气;压缩使空气温度升高,通过熔岩储热系统和固体颗粒储热系统储存压缩过程热量。本发明解决现有压缩空气储能效率低下,排气余能损失大的问题,有效利用排气内能的同时,提高排气中二氧化碳浓度,有效降低碳捕集运行成本。
The invention discloses a compressed air cryogenic energy storage and oxygen-enriched combustion carbon capture system in a thermal power plant, comprising a low-pressure compressor, a high-pressure compressor, a solid particle heat storage system, a lava heat storage system, a low-pressure compressor and a high-pressure compressor It is driven by the motor or driven by the steam turbine. When the electricity load of the power grid is small or the power plant has surplus electricity, the excess electricity drives the low-pressure compressor and the high-pressure compressor to compress the air sucked from the atmosphere; The lava heat storage system and the solid particle heat storage system store the heat of the compression process. The invention solves the problems of low energy storage efficiency of the existing compressed air and large loss of exhaust residual energy, effectively utilizes the internal energy of the exhaust gas, increases the carbon dioxide concentration in the exhaust gas, and effectively reduces the carbon capture operation cost.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及火力发电领域,更具体地,涉及一种火电厂压缩空气深冷储能与富氧燃烧碳捕集系统。The invention relates to the field of thermal power generation, and more particularly, to a thermal power plant compressed air cryogenic energy storage and oxygen-enriched combustion carbon capture system.
背景技术Background technique
以风电和太阳能为代表的新能源电力具有不稳定性和波动性的特点,在大规模并网时,将对电网造成一定的冲击,对电网的削峰填谷、安全稳定调节提出了更高的要求。我国目前的电力结构中,火电仍然占据较大比例,在未来十年新能源电力高速发展的背景下,进一步挖掘火电厂的灵活性,通过储能等方式进行灵活调峰,可以弥补新能源电力的不足,平衡电力供给波动。从用电侧看,用电负荷在日内也会出现峰值与低谷,与发电侧形成错配,发展火储联合调峰还可获取电价高收益。发展火电加储能的方式,不仅有益于电网调度,而且能提高发电企业收益,因此具有很大发展潜力。New energy power represented by wind power and solar power has the characteristics of instability and volatility. When large-scale grid connection, it will cause a certain impact on the power grid, and put forward higher requirements for the peak shaving and valley filling, safety and stability adjustment of the power grid. requirements. In my country's current power structure, thermal power still occupies a large proportion. In the context of the rapid development of new energy power in the next ten years, further excavation of the flexibility of thermal power plants and flexible peak regulation through energy storage and other methods can make up for new energy power. Inadequate balance of power supply fluctuations. From the electricity consumption side, the electricity load will also have peaks and troughs during the day, forming a mismatch with the power generation side. The development of combined peak shaving with fire and storage can also obtain high electricity prices. The development of thermal power plus energy storage is not only beneficial to grid dispatching, but also can improve the income of power generation enterprises, so it has great development potential.
全国二氧化碳排放量中,能源生产与转换占比47%,其中火力发电是能源转换碳排放的主要来源。火电厂发展CCUS是降低碳排放的途径之一,但是碳捕集的运行成本与烟气中二氧化碳的浓度具有很高相关性,提高二氧化碳浓度可降低碳捕集成本。富氧燃烧能有效提高烟气中二氧化碳浓度,降低碳捕集成本。压缩空气深冷后将氧气与氮气分离可同时实现储能及富氧燃烧的功能。Among the national carbon dioxide emissions, energy production and conversion account for 47%, of which thermal power generation is the main source of carbon emissions from energy conversion. The development of CCUS in thermal power plants is one of the ways to reduce carbon emissions. However, the operating cost of carbon capture is highly correlated with the concentration of carbon dioxide in the flue gas. Increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide can reduce the cost of carbon capture. Oxygen-enriched combustion can effectively increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in the flue gas and reduce the cost of carbon capture. After the compressed air is cryogenically cooled, the oxygen and nitrogen are separated, which can realize the functions of energy storage and oxygen-enriched combustion at the same time.
目前应用较广的储能方式主要有:电化学储能、抽水蓄能、压缩空气储能等。电化学储能效率高,启动速度快,建设周期短,但是价格高,容量小,电池成组后一致性差,循环寿命短,电池制造污染大,目前处于发展前期阶段。抽水蓄能是最早大规模发展的储能方式,技术成熟,成本低,适用于大规模储能,但是受地理条件限制大。压缩空气储能成本低,寿命长,易于实现大规模化应用。At present, the widely used energy storage methods mainly include: electrochemical energy storage, pumped hydro energy storage, compressed air energy storage, etc. Electrochemical energy storage has high efficiency, fast start-up speed, and short construction period, but high price, small capacity, poor consistency after battery grouping, short cycle life, and large battery manufacturing pollution. It is currently in the early stage of development. Pumped storage is the earliest energy storage method developed on a large scale. It has mature technology and low cost. It is suitable for large-scale energy storage, but is limited by geographical conditions. Compressed air energy storage has low cost and long service life, and is easy to realize large-scale application.
现有压缩空气储能发电技术主要是通过将空气压缩后进行存储,压缩放出的热量加热导热油或者水用来加热膨胀做工的压缩空气。这种系统排气空气余能损失很大,压缩机效率与透平效率互相影响,导致整体储能发电系统效率低。现有液态空气储能技术未能有效利用排气余能,也难以实现整厂的高效。The existing compressed air energy storage power generation technology mainly stores the compressed air, and the heat released by the compression heats the heat transfer oil or water to heat the compressed air for expansion work. This system has a large loss of exhaust air residual energy, and the compressor efficiency and turbine efficiency affect each other, resulting in low efficiency of the overall energy storage power generation system. The existing liquid air energy storage technology fails to effectively utilize the residual energy of the exhaust gas, and it is difficult to achieve the high efficiency of the whole plant.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种火电厂压缩空气深冷储能与富氧燃烧碳捕集系统,解决现有压缩空气储能效率低下,排气余能损失大的问题,通过压缩空气深冷分离氮气和氧气,将压缩过程和膨胀做工过程解耦,即可通过液气体气化并吸收压缩储热进入透平发电,产生液氧与液氮也可以作为工业产品,透平排气混合锅炉烟气在此循环进入锅炉,有效利用排气内能的同时,提高排气中二氧化碳浓度,有效降低碳捕集运行成本。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, provide a thermal power plant compressed air cryogenic energy storage and oxygen-enriched combustion carbon capture system, and solve the problems of low energy storage efficiency of the existing compressed air and large loss of exhaust residual energy , Cryogenic separation of nitrogen and oxygen through compressed air, decoupling the compression process and the expansion process, you can gasify the liquid gas and absorb the compression heat storage into the turbine to generate electricity, and the liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen can also be used as industrial products. The turbine exhaust mixed boiler flue gas is circulated into the boiler here, effectively utilizing the internal energy of the exhaust gas, and at the same time increasing the carbon dioxide concentration in the exhaust gas, effectively reducing the operating cost of carbon capture.
本发明的目的是通过以下方案实现的:The purpose of this invention is to realize through the following scheme:
一种火电厂压缩空气深冷储能与富氧燃烧碳捕集系统,包括低压压气机、高压压气机、固体颗粒储热系统和熔岩储热系统,低压压气机和高压压气机由电机带动或拖动汽轮机带动,在电网用电负荷小或者电厂有富余用电时,多余的电能带动低压压气机和高压压气机压缩从大气中吸入的空气;压缩使空气温度升高,通过熔岩储热系统和固体颗粒储热系统储存压缩过程热量。A thermal power plant compressed air cryogenic energy storage and oxygen-enriched combustion carbon capture system, comprising a low-pressure compressor, a high-pressure compressor, a solid particle heat storage system and a lava heat storage system, the low-pressure compressor and the high-pressure compressor are driven by a motor or Driven by the steam turbine, when the electricity load of the power grid is small or the power plant has surplus electricity, the excess electricity drives the low-pressure compressor and the high-pressure compressor to compress the air sucked from the atmosphere; the compression increases the temperature of the air and passes through the lava heat storage system. And the solid particle heat storage system stores the heat of the compression process.
进一步地,固体颗粒储热系统包括第一级固体颗粒吸热换热器、膨胀段固体颗粒放热换热器、固体颗粒储热罐和第二级固体颗粒吸热换热器;固体储热颗粒从固体颗粒储热罐由压缩空气输送到第一级固体颗粒吸热换热器中进行吸热,然后返回固体颗粒储热罐;固体储热颗粒从固体颗粒储热罐由压缩空气输送到第一级固体颗粒吸热换热器中进行吸热,然后返回固体颗粒储热罐。空气经低压压气机压缩到450℃以上,经过第一级固体颗粒吸热换热器降温至220℃左右。Further, the solid particle heat storage system includes a first-stage solid particle heat-absorbing heat exchanger, an expansion section solid particle heat-releasing heat exchanger, a solid particle heat storage tank and a second-stage solid particle heat-absorbing heat exchanger; the solid heat storage The particles are transported from the solid particle heat storage tank by compressed air to the first-stage solid particle heat-absorbing heat exchanger for heat absorption, and then return to the solid particle heat storage tank; the solid heat storage particles are transported from the solid particle heat storage tank by compressed air to The first-stage solid particles absorb heat in the heat-absorbing heat exchanger, and then return to the solid particle heat storage tank. The air is compressed to above 450 ℃ by the low pressure compressor, and cooled to about 220 ℃ through the first-stage solid particle heat-absorbing heat exchanger.
进一步地,第一级固体颗粒吸热换热器出来的空气进入高压压气机中压缩,压缩后温度升高到650℃以上,经过熔岩储热系统储热。Further, the air from the first-stage solid particle heat-absorbing heat exchanger enters the high-pressure compressor for compression, and after compression, the temperature rises to above 650°C, and the heat is stored in the lava heat storage system.
进一步地,熔岩储热系统包括压缩段熔岩吸热换热器、高温熔岩储罐、压缩段熔岩泵、膨胀段熔岩泵和膨胀段熔岩放热换热器;高温熔岩储罐中的高温熔岩由压缩段熔岩泵输送入压缩段熔岩吸热换热器中吸热,吸热后的熔岩回流至高温熔岩储罐;经过膨胀段固体颗粒放热换热器初步加热的高压混合气进入膨胀段熔岩放热换热器中被膨胀段熔岩泵从高温熔岩储罐抽出的高温熔岩进一步加热,加热后的高温高压气体进入气体发电涡轮发电,换热后的熔岩在膨胀段熔岩泵的余压下回流进高温熔岩储罐;高压压气机出口高温空气进入压缩段熔岩吸热换热器降温至560℃左右,然后进入第二级固体颗粒吸热换热器加热固体颗粒。Further, the lava heat storage system includes a compression section lava heat absorbing heat exchanger, a high temperature lava storage tank, a compression section lava pump, an expansion section lava pump and an expansion section lava heat exchanger; the high temperature lava in the high temperature lava storage tank is composed of The lava pump in the compression section is transported into the lava heat-absorbing heat exchanger in the compression section to absorb heat, and the endothermic lava flows back to the high-temperature lava storage tank; the high-pressure mixture preliminarily heated by the solid particle exothermic heat exchanger in the expansion section enters the lava in the expansion section In the exothermic heat exchanger, the high-temperature lava extracted from the high-temperature lava storage tank by the lava pump in the expansion section is further heated, and the heated high-temperature and high-pressure gas enters the gas power generation turbine to generate electricity, and the heat-exchanged lava flows back under the residual pressure of the lava pump in the expansion section. Enter the high-temperature lava storage tank; the high-temperature air at the outlet of the high-pressure compressor enters the lava heat-absorbing heat exchanger in the compression section to cool down to about 560 °C, and then enters the second-stage solid particle heat-absorbing heat exchanger to heat the solid particles.
进一步地,固体储热颗粒从固体颗粒储热罐由压缩空气输送到第二级固体颗粒吸热换热器与压缩段熔岩吸热换热器出口空气进行换热,高压空气温度降温至320℃左右,换热后的固体颗粒返回固体颗粒储热罐。Further, the solid heat storage particles are transported from the solid particle heat storage tank by compressed air to the second-stage solid particle heat-absorbing heat exchanger and the outlet air of the lava heat-absorbing heat exchanger in the compression section for heat exchange, and the temperature of the high-pressure air is cooled to 320 ° C Left and right, the solid particles after heat exchange return to the solid particle heat storage tank.
进一步地,高压空气经过颗粒换热器后进入膨胀机,高压空气膨胀做功带动发动机发电并入电网,压缩空气温度降低至80℃左右,经过冷却器 15,温度降至20℃左右。Further, the high-pressure air enters the expander after passing through the particle heat exchanger, and the high-pressure air expands to drive the engine to generate electricity and connect it to the power grid.
进一步地,冷却器出口空气进入精馏塔分馏,液氧进入液氧储罐;分馏出的液氮大部分主要作为副产品装瓶出售,液氧可根据实际情况装瓶出售或经过后端系统用来发电。Further, the air at the outlet of the cooler enters the rectification tower for fractionation, and the liquid oxygen enters the liquid oxygen storage tank; most of the fractionated liquid nitrogen is bottled and sold as a by-product, and the liquid oxygen can be bottled and sold according to the actual situation or used through the back-end system. to generate electricity.
进一步地,在用电高峰期或电网需要调峰时,液氧经过液氧泵输送到液氧气化器中气化,气化压力到4.6MPa左右后进入高压气体缓冲罐;液氮经过液氮泵输送到液氮气化器中气化,气化压力到4.6MPa左右后进入高压气体缓冲罐22与高压氧气混合,根据调峰需求量,氧气混合比例可调节至 30~80%。Further, in the peak period of electricity consumption or when the power grid needs to adjust the peak, the liquid oxygen is transported to the liquid oxygen gasifier through the liquid oxygen pump for gasification. After the gasification pressure reaches about 4.6MPa, it enters the high-pressure gas buffer tank; The pump is transported to the liquid nitrogen gasifier for gasification. After the gasification pressure reaches about 4.6MPa, it enters the high-pressure
进一步地,混合后的高压混合气进入膨胀段固体颗粒放热换热器中吸热,高压混合气被加热至260℃左右,然后进入熔岩换热系统加热,经过膨胀段熔岩放热换热器温度升高至550℃左右。Further, the mixed high-pressure mixed gas enters the solid particle exothermic heat exchanger in the expansion section to absorb heat, and the high-pressure mixed gas is heated to about 260 ° C, and then enters the lava heat exchange system for heating, and passes through the lava exothermic heat exchanger in the expansion section. The temperature rises to around 550°C.
进一步地,经过熔岩加热的高压高温混合气体进入气体发电涡轮膨胀做功,带动发电机发电,并入电网。调峰发电量的大小通过电网侧的需求,通过液氧、液量的气化量,控制进入气体发电涡轮做功的高压空气量来进行调节。Further, the high-pressure and high-temperature mixed gas heated by the lava enters the gas power generation turbine to expand to do work, drive the generator to generate electricity, and integrate it into the power grid. The size of peak-shaving power generation is adjusted by the demand on the grid side, through the gasification of liquid oxygen and liquid, and by controlling the amount of high-pressure air entering the gas power generation turbine to do work.
进一步地,气体发电涡轮出口排气具有一定内能,直接排放损失较大。这部分富氧与锅炉烟气进入烟气富氧混合器混合,配置一定比例的高温富氧进入锅炉燃烧,经过烟气再循环,锅炉排气中二氧化碳浓度提高,经过 CCUS系统回收二氧化碳进行利用或填埋。通过调节进入高压气体缓冲罐的氧气比例以及CCUS出口进入烟气富氧混合器的气量可以控制进入锅炉气体富氧比例。Further, the exhaust gas at the outlet of the gas power generation turbine has a certain amount of internal energy, and the direct emission loss is relatively large. This part of oxygen enrichment is mixed with the boiler flue gas into the flue gas oxygen enrichment mixer, and a certain proportion of high temperature oxygen enrichment is configured to enter the boiler for combustion. landfill. The oxygen enrichment ratio of the gas entering the boiler can be controlled by adjusting the oxygen ratio entering the high pressure gas buffer tank and the gas volume entering the flue gas oxygen enrichment mixer from the CCUS outlet.
本发明的有益效果:Beneficial effects of the present invention:
本发明的火电厂压缩空气深冷储能系统将气体的压缩过程和膨胀过程解耦,通过两级压缩级间冷却,可以是压缩机达到最大效率,通过储热系统加热膨胀做功气体,提高气体发电涡轮效率,从而使整体系统效率提升。The compressed air cryogenic energy storage system of the thermal power plant of the present invention decouples the compression process and the expansion process of the gas, through the two-stage compression interstage cooling, the compressor can reach the maximum efficiency, and the heat storage system heats and expands the work gas to improve the gas efficiency. Power generation turbine efficiency, thereby increasing overall system efficiency.
本发明的火电厂压缩空气深冷储能系统设计了熔岩换热系统和固体颗粒储热系统,此两种储热方式具有储热量大,介质温度高的特点,可大幅提高进入气体发电涡轮前气体温度,并且通过液氧泵和液氮泵可大幅提高气化后气体压力,使发电涡轮进口气体的总温总压升高,从而有效提高气体发电涡轮的效率。The compressed air cryogenic energy storage system of the thermal power plant of the present invention is designed with a lava heat exchange system and a solid particle heat storage system. These two heat storage methods have the characteristics of large heat storage and high medium temperature, which can greatly improve the temperature before entering the gas power generation turbine. Gas temperature, and the gas pressure after gasification can be greatly increased by the liquid oxygen pump and liquid nitrogen pump, so that the total temperature and total pressure of the gas at the inlet of the power generation turbine can be increased, thereby effectively improving the efficiency of the gas power generation turbine.
本发明的火电厂压缩空气深冷储能系统设置了深冷单元,可以实现产品多样化,经过精馏后的液氧、液氮可作为副产品出售或根据调峰情况灵活接入系统发电;在调峰过程中需要大量电力时,液氧、液氮可以通过快速气化与再加热的过程就能迅速进入涡轮做功发电,系统响应速度快,调节灵活度高。The compressed air cryogenic energy storage system of the thermal power plant of the present invention is provided with a cryogenic unit, which can realize product diversification, and the liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen after rectification can be sold as by-products or flexibly connected to the system for power generation according to peak regulation conditions; When a large amount of power is required in the peak shaving process, liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen can quickly enter the turbine to generate power through the process of rapid gasification and reheating. The system has fast response speed and high adjustment flexibility.
本发明的火电厂压缩空气深冷储能系统设置了深冷单元,经过精馏后的液氧、液氮存储量大,熔岩储热与固体储热的储热量也比常规储热方式储热量大,储热介质温度高,容易提高大量用于发电的气体的温度和压力,利于整个储能系统实现大规模化。The compressed air cryogenic energy storage system of the thermal power plant of the present invention is provided with a cryogenic unit, the storage capacity of liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen after rectification is large, and the heat storage capacity of lava heat storage and solid heat storage is also higher than that of conventional heat storage methods. It is easy to increase the temperature and pressure of a large amount of gas used for power generation, which is conducive to the large-scale realization of the entire energy storage system.
本发明的火电厂压缩空气深冷储能与富氧燃烧碳捕集系统可以有效利用发电涡轮排气余热;排气富氧与烟气混合后进入锅炉实现富氧燃烧,并且富氧比例可以通过液氧、液氮混合比例灵活调配,调节范围广;富氧燃烧耦合烟气再循环可以降低CCUS运行成本。The thermal power plant compressed air cryogenic energy storage and oxygen-enriched combustion carbon capture system of the invention can effectively utilize the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the power generation turbine; the oxygen-enriched exhaust gas is mixed with the flue gas and then enters the boiler to realize oxygen-enriched combustion, and the oxygen-enriched ratio can be adjusted by The mixing ratio of liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen is flexibly adjusted, and the adjustment range is wide; the oxygen-enriched combustion coupled with flue gas recirculation can reduce the operating cost of CCUS.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。The drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings without any creative effort.
图1为本发明的结构示意图;Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention;
图中,1-低压压气机,2-高压压气机,3-第一级固体颗粒吸热换热器,4-压缩段熔岩吸热换热器,5-熔岩储罐,6-压缩段熔岩泵,7-膨胀段熔岩泵, 8-膨胀段熔岩放热换热器,9-膨胀段固体颗粒放热换热器,10-固体颗粒储热罐,11-第二级固体颗粒吸热换热器,12-膨胀机,13-气体发电涡轮,14- 精馏塔,15-冷却器,16-液氧储罐,17-液氧泵,18-液氧气化器,19-烟气富氧混合器,20-液氮泵,21-液氮气化器,22-高压气体缓冲罐。In the figure, 1-low pressure compressor, 2-high pressure compressor, 3-first-stage solid particle heat-absorbing heat exchanger, 4-compression section lava heat-absorbing heat exchanger, 5-lava storage tank, 6-compression section lava Pump, 7-expansion section lava pump, 8-expansion section lava exothermic heat exchanger, 9-expansion section solid particle exothermic heat exchanger, 10-solid particle heat storage tank, 11-second-stage solid particle endothermic heat exchanger Heater, 12-expander, 13-gas turbine, 14-rectification tower, 15-cooler, 16-liquid oxygen storage tank, 17-liquid oxygen pump, 18-liquid oxygen gasifier, 19-flue gas rich Oxygen mixer, 20-liquid nitrogen pump, 21-liquid nitrogen gasifier, 22-high pressure gas buffer tank.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本说明书中所有实施例公开的所有特征,或隐含公开的所有方法或过程中的步骤,除了互相排斥的特征和/或步骤以外,均可以以任何方式组合或替换。All features disclosed in all embodiments in this specification, or steps in all methods or processes that are implicitly disclosed, may be combined or substituted in any way except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
本发明详细结构、应用原理、作用与功效,如图1,通过如下实施方式予以详细说明:The detailed structure, application principle, function and effect of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, are described in detail by the following embodiments:
本发明的一种火电厂压缩空气深冷储能与富氧燃烧碳捕集系统,包括低压压气机1、高压压气机2、第一级固体颗粒吸热换热器3、压缩段熔岩吸热换热器4、高温熔岩储罐5、压缩段熔岩泵6、膨胀段熔岩泵7、膨胀段熔岩放热换热器8、膨胀段固体颗粒放热换热器9、固体颗粒储热罐10、第二级固体颗粒吸热换热器11、膨胀机12、气体发电涡轮13、精馏塔14、冷却器15、液氧储罐16、液氧泵17、液氧气化器18、烟气富氧混合器19、液氮泵20、液氮气化器21和高压气体缓冲罐22。A thermal power plant compressed air cryogenic energy storage and oxygen-enriched combustion carbon capture system of the present invention includes a low-pressure compressor 1, a high-
本发明的工作原理:通过电厂谷底电脑或富余电能带动压缩机压缩空气储存电能,压缩过程中通过间冷换热提高压缩机效率,压缩之后的空气通过透平膨胀机带动发电机发电,并且通过透平膨胀机排气的空气温度降低,然后进入精馏塔实现空气液化,在电网需要电力时,释放储存的液氧和液氮通过系统前端熔岩储热和固体颗粒储热系统加热,得到高温高压的压缩气体进入涡轮发电,系统提高了进入发电涡轮的气体的总温总压,因而提高了发电效率。透平排气具有一定的热能,并且成分可以通过液氧液氮的比例调节氧含量,与锅炉烟气混合后进入锅炉实现富氧燃烧,通过提高进入锅炉氧气比例可提高烟气中二氧化碳浓度,降低CCUS运行成本。The working principle of the invention is as follows: the compressor is driven to compress the air to store electric energy by the power plant bottom computer or the surplus electric energy, the compressor efficiency is improved through the inter-cooling heat exchange during the compression process, the compressed air drives the generator to generate electricity through the turbo expander, and The temperature of the air exhausted from the turboexpander decreases, and then enters the rectification tower to realize air liquefaction. When the power grid needs electricity, the stored liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen are released and heated by the lava heat storage and solid particle heat storage system at the front end of the system to obtain high temperature. The high-pressure compressed gas enters the turbine for power generation, and the system increases the total temperature and total pressure of the gas entering the power generation turbine, thereby improving the power generation efficiency. The turbine exhaust gas has a certain amount of heat energy, and the composition can adjust the oxygen content through the ratio of liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen. After mixing with the boiler flue gas, it enters the boiler to realize oxygen-enriched combustion. By increasing the proportion of oxygen entering the boiler, the carbon dioxide concentration in the flue gas can be increased. Reduced CCUS operating costs.
以下通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below through specific embodiments.
实施例1:一种火电厂压缩空气深冷储能与富氧燃烧碳捕集系统,包括低压压气机、高压压气机、固体颗粒储热系统和熔岩储热系统,低压压气机和高压压气机由电机带动或拖动汽轮机带动,在电网用电负荷小或者电厂有富余用电时,多余的电能带动低压压气机和高压压气机压缩从大气中吸入的空气;压缩使空气温度升高,通过熔岩储热系统和固体颗粒储热系统储存压缩过程热量。Example 1: A thermal power plant compressed air cryogenic energy storage and oxygen-enriched combustion carbon capture system, including a low-pressure compressor, a high-pressure compressor, a solid particle heat storage system and a lava heat storage system, a low-pressure compressor and a high-pressure compressor It is driven by the motor or driven by the steam turbine. When the electricity load of the power grid is small or the power plant has surplus electricity, the excess electricity drives the low-pressure compressor and the high-pressure compressor to compress the air sucked from the atmosphere; The lava heat storage system and the solid particle heat storage system store the heat of the compression process.
实施例2:在实施例1的基础上,如图1,其为本发明的一种火电厂压缩空气深冷储能与富氧燃烧碳捕集系统的原理图。在电网用电负荷小或者电厂有富余用电时,多余的电能带动低压压气机1和高压压气机2从大气中吸入的空气并压缩。压缩过程使空气温度逐渐升高,在两级压气机中间设置换热器吸收压缩过程产生的热量,其目的是提高压缩过程效率,降低热损失。空气经低压压气机1压缩到2.0MPa,450℃以上,进入固体颗粒储热系统换热。经过第一级固体颗粒吸热换热器3降温至220℃左右,然后进入高压压气机2继续压缩,压缩后温度升高到650℃以上,压力4.6MPa。高压压气机出口的气体进入压缩段熔岩吸热换热器4降温至560℃左右,然后进入第二级固体颗粒吸热换热器11加热固体颗粒,高压空气温度降温至 320℃左右。Example 2: On the basis of Example 1, as shown in FIG. 1 , it is a schematic diagram of a thermal power plant compressed air cryogenic energy storage and oxygen-enriched combustion carbon capture system of the present invention. When the electricity load of the power grid is small or the power plant has surplus electricity, the excess electricity drives the air sucked by the low-pressure compressor 1 and the high-
高压空气经过颗粒换热器后进入膨胀机12,高压空气膨胀做功带动发动机发电并入电网,压缩空气温度降低至80℃左右,经过冷却器15,温度降至20℃左右。The high-pressure air enters the
冷却器15出口空气进入精馏塔14分馏,液氧进入液氧储罐16。分馏出的液氮大部分主要作为副产品装瓶出售,液氧可根据实际情况装瓶出售或经过后端系统用来发电。The air at the outlet of the cooler 15 enters the
在用电高峰期或电网需要调峰时,液氧经过液氧泵17输送到液氧气化器18中气化,气化压力到4.6MPa左右后进入高压气体缓冲罐22。液氮经过液氮泵20输送到液氮气化器21中气化,气化压力到4.6MPa左右后进入高压气体缓冲罐22与高压氧气混合,根据调峰需求量,氧气混合比例可调节至30~80%。In the peak period of electricity consumption or when the power grid needs to adjust the peak, the liquid oxygen is transported to the
混合后的高压混合气进入膨胀段固体颗粒放热换热器9中吸热,高压混合气被加热至260℃左右,然后进入熔岩换热系统加热,经过膨胀段熔岩放热换热器8温度升高至550℃左右。The mixed high-pressure mixed gas enters the solid particle exothermic heat exchanger 9 in the expansion section to absorb heat, the high-pressure mixed gas is heated to about 260 ° C, and then enters the lava heat exchange system for heating, and passes through the lava exothermic heat exchanger 8 in the expansion section. raised to about 550°C.
经过熔岩加热的高压高温混合气体进入气体发电涡轮13膨胀做功,带动发电机发电,并入电网。调峰发电量的大小通过电网侧的需求,通过液氧、液量的气化量,控制进入气体发电涡轮13做功的高压空气量来进行调节。The high-pressure and high-temperature mixed gas heated by the lava enters the
气体发电涡轮13出口排气具有一定内能,直接排放损失较大。这部分富氧与锅炉烟气进入烟气富氧混合器19混合,配置一定比例的高温富氧进入锅炉燃烧,经过烟气再循环,锅炉排气中二氧化碳浓度提高,经过CCUS 系统回收二氧化碳进行利用或填埋。通过调节进入高压气体缓冲罐22的氧气比例以及CCUS出口进入烟气富氧混合器19的气量可以控制进入锅炉气体富氧比例。富氧燃烧提高烟气二氧化碳比例可降低CCUS运行成本。The exhaust gas at the outlet of the
除以上实例以外,本领域技术人员根据上述公开内容获得启示或利用相关领域的知识或技术进行改动获得其他实施例,各个实施例的特征可以互换或替换,本领域人员所进行的改动和变化不脱离本发明的精神和范围,则都应在本发明所附权利要求的保护范围内。In addition to the above examples, those skilled in the art can obtain enlightenment from the above disclosure or use knowledge or technology in the relevant field to make changes to obtain other embodiments, the features of each embodiment can be interchanged or replaced, and the changes and changes made by those skilled in the art Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, all should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims of the present invention.
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