Device and method for detecting scratch depth of surface of metal workpiece
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of defect detection, in particular to a device and a method for detecting scratch depth of the surface of a metal workpiece.
Background
When a metal workpiece is machined, the surface of the workpiece is easily damaged. Taking a high-speed wire rod as an example, a high-speed wire rod blank is subjected to material receiving and rolling by 18 to 30 groups of rolling mills to reach the size and the surface quality required by downstream customers, but in the rolling process, the surface of the wire rod is scratched to different degrees due to the defects of burrs, guides, rollers and the like of a steel channel, so that the product quality and the smooth production are influenced. The surface scratch defects of different degrees can be unavoidably generated on the surface of the wire rod in the high-speed wire rod rolling production process, slight scratches can be eliminated through the treatment of downstream procedures, the use is not influenced, the quality problems of different degrees of downstream products or finished products can be caused after the scratch depth reaches a certain value, and the standard of the scratch depth is different according to different customers. After the surface of the wire rod has scratch defects, the longitudinal line defect parts on the surface of the wire rod need to be sampled to carry out metallographic detection so as to determine the scratch depth of the surface of the wire rod.
At present, the scratch depth is judged by adopting a visual evaluation method in production, a metallographic detection waiting result is synchronously carried out, the scratch depth is difficult to accurately judge by visual evaluation, if the production is stopped due to the shallow scratch depth, the product quality is proved to have surplus to influence the normal production, and if the scratch depth exceeds the standard, the continuously produced product is subjected to waste judgment treatment to influence the production cost and reduce the product quality image. The metallographic detection process needs a long time to obtain a result, and the normal production rhythm is influenced.
Therefore, how to quickly judge the scratch depth of the surface of the metal workpiece, not only does the product not have surplus quality, but also does not judge waste due to the excessive scratch depth is a technical problem to be solved urgently in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a device and a method for detecting the scratch depth of the surface of a metal workpiece, which can effectively solve the problems of complex equipment and complex process for detecting the scratch depth of the surface of the metal workpiece.
The first aspect of the present application provides an apparatus for detecting a scratch depth on a surface of a metal workpiece, the apparatus comprising:
a support base having a horizontal upper surface;
the metal workpiece fixing module is arranged on the upper surface of the supporting base;
and
the metal workpiece surface cutting module comprises a cutting tool and a lifting mechanism, wherein the cutting tool is arranged above the metal workpiece fixing module, and the height of the metal workpiece surface cutting module in the vertical direction is adjusted through the lifting mechanism.
In above-mentioned technical scheme, the metal work piece surface that has the mar is cut through the cutting tool that can up-and-down motion, and whether the depth of mar is confirmed to the metal work piece surface through the cutting still has the mar to judge whether metal work piece satisfies the demands, metal work piece can select the comparatively serious part of mar in the metal work piece product in batches, prepares into the metal work piece sample and cuts. The device is simple and easy to operate, breaks through the traditional idea of carrying out scratch detection by using complex detection means and precision instruments, and skillfully utilizes the material reduction cutting mode to carry out scratch depth detection by utilizing the characteristics of easy cutting, low cost and damage of metal workpiece samples.
In some optional embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a displacement detection means disposed on the lifting mechanism, and the displacement detection means is configured to detect a height adjustment value of the cutting tool in the vertical direction and display the height adjustment value in real time.
In the technical scheme, the height of the cutting tool can be conveniently adjusted by arranging the displacement detection tool, the cutting amount is directly set to the maximum tolerance according to the maximum tolerance value of the scratch depth, the problem that the cutting depth is not easy to detect is solved, and the detection efficiency is greatly improved.
In some alternative embodiments, the cutting tool is provided with a horizontal lower cutting surface, and the lower cutting surface is movable in the direction of the scoring of the surface of the metal workpiece.
Further, the lifting mechanisms are symmetrically arranged with the center point of the transverse dimension of the cutting tool, so that the lower cutting surface of the cutting tool is kept in a horizontal position during height adjustment in the vertical direction.
In the technical scheme, the lower horizontal cutting surface is arranged, so that the cutting efficiency can be further improved, the lower cutting surface is an initial position when being abutted against a metal workpiece, the downward adjustment height is the actual cutting depth on the basis, and in addition, the horizontal cutting surface can ensure that the cut cutting surface is a horizontal plane, so that the accuracy of a detection result is improved.
In some alternative embodiments, the metal work piece holding module includes a clamp disposed between the base and the cutting tool, the clamp being movable in a horizontal direction to adjust the width between the clamps.
Further, the clamp can move in the vertical direction to adjust the height of the clamp extending out of the base.
In the technical scheme, the horizontal distance between the clamps can be adjusted, and the clamps can clamp metal workpieces with different sizes by matching with the adjustment in the height direction, so that the adaptability of the device is improved. It should be noted that the clamp is disposed on the base below the cutting tool and preferably inside the elevator mechanism, and that adjustment of the clamp over a horizontal distance does not interfere with the elevator mechanism.
In some alternative embodiments, the metal workpiece holding module comprises clamps arranged in tandem for holding different diameter solid of revolution metal workpieces.
Further, the clamp is capable of rotational movement about itself.
In above-mentioned technical scheme, the anchor clamps set up around, for example set up surface around base upper surface or base, and this kind of arrangement mode is convenient for centre gripping solid of revolution metal work piece (like stick, line, tubular product), moreover because anchor clamps can be rotatory around self, can realize the rotation to being centre gripping solid of revolution metal work piece to can carry out many times cutting fast, thereby can reduce because solid of revolution metal work piece mar is difficult to the accurate judgement error who upwards fixes a position and bring.
In a second aspect of the present application, there is provided a method for detecting the depth of a scratch on the surface of a metal workpiece, the method being performed by the apparatus of the first aspect, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1: adjusting the positions of the metal fixing module and the lifting module to enable the distance between the cutting tool and the upper surface of the supporting base to be larger than the size of the metal workpiece, fixing the metal workpiece with scratches on the surface by using the metal fixing module, and setting the metal workpiece to be scratched upwards;
step 2: starting the lifting mechanism, horizontally moving the cutting tool downwards, and enabling the numerical value of the displacement detection tool to return to zero when the lower cutting surface of the cutting tool is contacted with the surface of the metal workpiece;
and step 3: setting a preset value of cutting quantity, starting cutting operation, gradually cutting along the scratch direction by a cutting tool, and stopping the cutting operation when the cutting quantity reaches the preset value;
and 4, step 4: and observing the cutting surface of the metal workpiece, judging whether the scratch still exists or not, and if the scratch still exists, determining that the metal workpiece is unqualified, and if the scratch does not exist, determining that the metal workpiece is qualified.
In the technical scheme, the device in the first aspect is utilized, and the cutting tool can rapidly cut the surface of the metal workpiece until the cutting amount reaches the preset value through the matching of the lifting mechanism and the displacement detection tool, so that the cutting amount judgment time is reduced.
For example, the above means for determining whether the scratch still exists may be observed visually or by using a simple tool such as a magnifying glass, and a metallographic detection is not required, thereby further improving the detection efficiency.
In some alternative embodiments, the metal workpiece is one of a plate, a bar, a wire, a tube.
According to the technical scheme, the method can be used for metal workpieces without shapes and specifications, so that the adaptability of the method is improved.
In some optional embodiments, when the metal workpiece is one of a bar, a wire and a pipe, the metal workpiece is clamped by using the clamp of the metal workpiece with a revolving body, and after one cutting operation is completed, the clamp rotates clockwise or anticlockwise by a small angle, and the cutting operation is performed for multiple times.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, to solid of revolution metal work, because the position that the mar was located is not the plane, but the arc surface, consequently, when adopting conventional anchor clamps centre gripping solid of revolution metal work, its mar is difficult to guarantee accurate location up, and adopts above-mentioned anchor clamps that can rotate, through the rotation of small width, carries out cutting many times near the mar, can furthest reduce the error.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from the drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an initial state of a structure of an apparatus for detecting a scratch depth on a surface of a metal workpiece according to embodiment 1 of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an end state of a structure of an apparatus for detecting a scratch depth on a surface of a metal workpiece according to embodiment 1 of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of detecting the scratch depth on the surface of a metal workpiece according to embodiment 1 of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an initial state of the structure of an apparatus for detecting the scratch depth on the surface of a metal workpiece according to embodiment 2 of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the detection of the scratch depth on the surface of a metal workpiece according to embodiment 2 of the present application;
icon: 100-a metal workpiece surface scratch depth detection device; 110-a support base; 120-a clamp; 130-a cutting tool; 131-a lifting mechanism; 132-cutting tool lower cutting face; 140-metal workpiece.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that the indication of orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship which is usually placed when the product of the application is used, or the orientation or positional relationship which is usually understood by those skilled in the art, or the orientation or positional relationship which is usually placed when the product of the application is used, and is only for the convenience of describing the application and simplifying the description, but does not indicate or imply that the indicated device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used merely to distinguish one description from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an apparatus 100 for detecting a scratch depth on a surface of a metal workpiece, which includes a supporting base 110, a clamp 120, a cutting tool 130, a lifting mechanism 131, and the cutting tool 130 having a horizontal lower cutting surface 132.
The clamps 120 are symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of the base 110, and the clamps 120 can move in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, so that the distance between the clamps 120 can be adjusted, and the clamps are suitable for clamping and fixing metal workpieces 140 with different sizes.
The lifting mechanisms 131 are also symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of the base and located outside the clamp 120, the clamp 120 is supported on the lifting mechanisms 131, and the cutting tool 130 can stably move up and down through the lifting mechanisms 131.
As an example, the cutting tool 130 is a planer tool, such as an electric planer. The plane cutter has a horizontal lower cutting surface, so that the plane cutter is convenient to quickly position during cutting.
As an example, the lifting mechanism 131 is a lead screw lifting mechanism.
Optionally, the apparatus 100 further includes a displacement detecting means (not shown) disposed on the lifting mechanism 131, and the displacement detecting means is configured to detect and display a height adjustment value of the cutting tool 130 in the vertical direction in real time.
When the scratch depth detection is performed, as shown in fig. 1, the positions of the lifting mechanism 131 and the jig 120 are adjusted so that the metal workpiece 140 can be placed in the jig 120.
Illustratively, the metal workpiece 140 in this embodiment is square.
When the metal workpiece 140 has a scratch on the surface, the metal workpiece 140 is clamped by the clamp 120, the scratch is upward, the lifting mechanism 131 moves downward, when the lower cutting surface 132 of the cutting tool 130 contacts the metal workpiece 140, the lifting mechanism 120 stops operating, at this time, the value in the displacement detection tool is reset to zero, and the apparatus 100 is in an initial state during cutting.
As shown in fig. 2, when cutting is started, a preset cutting value is set according to the maximum tolerance value of the metal workpiece 140 to the scratch depth, the cutting tool 130 and the lifting mechanism 131 are started, the cutting tool 130 starts to cut downwards, the scratch depth on the surface of the metal workpiece 140 gradually decreases as the cutting progresses, the displacement detection tool displays the cutting amount (i.e., the downward movement amount of the cutting tool 120) in real time, when the downward movement value of the lifting mechanism 131 reaches the preset value, it is indicated that the cutting amount also reaches the preset value, at this time, the cutting is stopped, and the apparatus 100 is in a cutting end state.
It is understood that the downward cutting of the cutting tool 130 means that the cutting depth is gradually increased, and the cutting itself is performed by the forward and backward movement of the cutting tool 130 in the scribing direction.
As shown in fig. 3, the surface condition of the cut metal workpiece 140 is observed, and when the cutting depth (preset value) is H1 (the cutting plane reaches a), the cutting depth is smaller than the scratch depth, and at this time, the scratch can still be found by observing the surface of the metal workpiece 140, which indicates that the metal workpiece 140 is not qualified. When the cutting depth is H2 or H3 (the cutting plane reaches B or C), the cutting depth is greater than or equal to the scratch depth, and the scratch cannot be found by observing the surface of the metal workpiece 140 at this time, indicating that the metal workpiece 140 is acceptable.
By the method, whether the scratch depth meets the requirement or not is rapidly detected, and whether the metal workpiece 140 is qualified or not is further judged.
It should be noted that, the metal workpiece 140 may be a portion of a batch of metal workpiece products with a serious scratch, and is prepared into a metal workpiece sample for the above-mentioned detection. The surface observation of the cut metal workpiece 140 can be carried out by visual observation or by means of simple tools such as a magnifying glass, and the metallographic detection is not required, so that the detection efficiency is further improved.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 4, the present embodiment provides an apparatus 100 for detecting a scratch depth on a surface of a metal workpiece, which includes a supporting base 110, a clamp 120, a cutting tool 130, a lifting mechanism 131, and the cutting tool 130 having a horizontal lower cutting surface 132.
The clamp 120 of the present embodiment is disposed in a front-rear direction, for example, on a front-rear section of the support base 110. The metal workpiece 140 is held and fixed by the clamps 120 from both front and rear ends.
The jig 120 has a function of moving up and down and rotating, and the jig 120 is particularly suitable for rotating a metal workpiece 140, such as a bar, a wire, a pipe, or the like, and the jig 120 is provided so as to be able to clamp metal workpieces 140 of different diameters. Illustratively, the clamp 120 is a triangular claw.
The metal workpiece 140 in this embodiment is a bar.
The method comprises the steps of (1) adjusting the positions of a cutting tool 130 and a clamp 120 when scratches exist on the surface of a metal workpiece 140, clamping the metal workpiece 140 by using the clamp 120, rotating the clamp 120 to enable the scratches on the surface to face upwards, and then enabling the clamp 120 to move downwards to enable the metal workpiece 140 to be attached to the upper surface of a supporting base 110, so that a stable supporting force is provided for the metal workpiece 140, and the metal workpiece 140 is ensured to be stable in the subsequent cutting process.
Then, the elevating mechanism 131 moves down, and when the lower cutting surface 132 of the cutting tool 130 contacts the metal workpiece 140, the elevating mechanism 120 stops operating, and at this time, the value in the displacement detecting tool is reset to zero, and the apparatus 100 is in an initial state at the time of cutting, and the displacement detecting tool records the position of the cutting tool 130 at the initial state.
When cutting is started, a preset cutting value is set according to the maximum tolerance value of the metal workpiece 140 to the scratch depth, the cutting tool 130 and the lifting mechanism 131 are started, the cutting tool 130 starts to cut downwards, the scratch depth of the surface of the metal workpiece 140 is gradually reduced along with the cutting, meanwhile, the displacement detection tool displays cutting amount (namely the downward movement amount of the cutting tool 120) in real time, when the descending value of the lifting mechanism 131 reaches the preset value, the cutting amount also reaches the preset value, at the moment, cutting is stopped, and the first cutting is finished.
As shown in fig. 5, since the metal workpiece 140 is a bar material, the ideal state of surface scratches is vertically upward (the middle state in fig. 5) after clamping and fixing, and at this time, when the cutting plane reaches a ', the scratches are still observed on the surface of the metal workpiece 140, and when the cutting plane reaches B' and C 'deeper than B', the scratches are not observed on the surface of the metal workpiece 140.
However, when the metal workpiece 140 of the rotary body is clamped and fixed, the vertical direction of the surface scratches is difficult in actual operation. As shown in the metal workpiece 140 on the left and right of fig. 5, there may be a case where the scratches are offset, and when the scratches are offset, even if the cutting plane reaches B ', the scratches remain on the surface of the cut metal workpiece 140, and only when the cutting plane reaches C', the surface of the cut metal workpiece 140 does not have scratches. Therefore, when the preset value of the cutting amount is the depth corresponding to B', an error is easily caused in the determination result of whether the metal workpiece 140 is qualified.
In order to solve this problem, the clamp 120 of the present embodiment is configured to rotate, so as to drive the metal workpiece 140 to rotate for a small degree, and then perform multiple cutting.
Specifically, when the surface of the metal workpiece 140 still has scratches, the cutting tool 130 can be returned to the position of the state by the lifting mechanism 131, and the metal workpiece 140 is rotated to make the scratches face upward, then the preset value is set again, the second cutting is performed, the cutting mode is repeated, and finally the surface observation is performed to judge whether the metal workpiece 140 is qualified.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.