CN114137699A - Small high-resolution athermalized medium-wave infrared optical system - Google Patents
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 3
- PFNQVRZLDWYSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (fluoren-9-ylideneamino) n-naphthalen-1-ylcarbamate Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2C1=NOC(=O)NC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 PFNQVRZLDWYSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/001—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras
- G02B13/0015—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design
- G02B13/002—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design having at least one aspherical surface
- G02B13/0045—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design having at least one aspherical surface having five or more lenses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/001—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras
- G02B13/0055—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras employing a special optical element
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/001—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras
- G02B13/008—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras designed for infrared light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/14—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/18—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below with lenses having one or more non-spherical faces, e.g. for reducing geometrical aberration
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of infrared optical systems, in particular to a small high-resolution athermal medium-wave infrared optical system. The secondary imaging structure is adopted, the aperture of a front lens group can be compressed by a secondary imaging component, the 100% cold diaphragm efficiency is met, a germanium substrate diffraction element is used, the structure is greatly simplified, the effective aperture of a first lens is 38mm, the absolute length is 170mm, and the better imaging quality can be achieved, the system comprises a front group and a rear group, wherein the front group comprises 4 lenses, the rear group comprises 3 lenses, all the lens materials are silicon and germanium which are common materials of an infrared optical system, and the athermalization in the temperature range of minus 30 ℃ to plus 60 ℃ is realized through the collocation of different materials and the collocation of the common lenses and the diffraction element, the focal length of the optical lens is 150mm, and the F number is 4. The lens is suitable for a high-resolution 1280 multiplied by 1024 medium wave refrigeration detector; the imaging device has the characteristics of compactness, small volume, no thermalization, high resolution and the like, and has good imaging quality in a full-temperature range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of infrared optical systems, in particular to a small high-resolution athermal medium-wave infrared optical system.
Background
The infrared thermal imager is not influenced by bad weather conditions such as fog, rain and the like, can work in all weather, adopts a passive working mode, has strong anti-interference capability, and has great development in the military and civil fields in recent years. The refrigeration type infrared system has incomparable advantages compared with a non-refrigeration type infrared system, and is mainly reflected in the action distance and the imaging effect, so that the refrigeration type thermal imager is widely applied in use scenes with higher requirements, such as military and aerospace fields.
With the change of temperature, the parameters (r, d, n) of the optical system are changed to generate defocusing, and the image quality is obviously reduced. Therefore, for a wide temperature range, temperature compensation measures need to be taken. In general, there are two ways to compensate for temperature: when the environmental temperature changes, the axial position of a certain group of lenses is manually or automatically adjusted by adopting a human eye observation or temperature sensor feedback mode to realize temperature compensation; the other is optical passive athermal temperature compensation, and the mode utilizes the principle that different materials have different thermal coefficients to realize mutual compensation of positive and negative thermal defocusing of different parts of an optical system, and realizes no defocusing and unchanged imaging quality in a wide temperature range. In contrast, optically passive athermal temperature compensation is more advantageous.
The conventional passive athermalized optical system has a complex structure and limited imaging capability.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the small high-resolution athermalized medium-wave infrared optical system has the characteristics of compactness, small volume, athermalization, high resolution and the like, and has good imaging quality in a full-temperature range.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the small high-resolution athermalized medium-wave infrared optical system is characterized in that seven lenses from an object space to an image space sequentially comprise a front group and a rear group, wherein:
the front group comprises four lenses including a first front group lens, a second front group lens, a third front group lens, a fourth front group lens and the like, and the rear group comprises three lenses including a first rear group lens, a second rear group lens and a third rear group lens;
the object space imaging light beam sequentially passes through a first front group lens, a second front group lens, a third front group lens and a fourth front group lens and then is imaged for the first time, and then passes through a first rear group lens, a second rear group lens and a third rear group lens and then is imaged for the second time on a detector;
when the temperature changes, the athermalization in the temperature range of minus 30 ℃ to plus 60 ℃ is realized and the imaging is clear in the whole temperature range by matching different materials of silicon and germanium and matching the conventional lens and the diffraction element.
Furthermore, the seven lens materials are made of silicon and germanium which are commonly used by an infrared optical system, the light incidence direction is the object space, the light emergent direction is the image space, the first front group lens is a meniscus silicon positive lens with a convex surface facing the object space, the second front group lens is a biconcave germanium negative lens, the third front group lens is a meniscus germanium positive lens with a convex surface facing the object space, the fourth front group lens is a meniscus silicon negative lens with a convex surface facing the image space, the first rear group lens is a biconvex silicon positive lens, the second rear group lens is a biconcave germanium negative lens, and the third rear group lens is a meniscus silicon positive lens with a convex surface facing the object space.
Further, the focal length of the lens of the optical system is 150mm, and the F-number is 4.
Furthermore, the first surface of the second front group lens is an aspheric diffraction surface of a germanium substrate, and the first surface of the third front group lens, the first surface of the fourth front group lens and the second surface of the second rear group lens are aspheric surfaces respectively.
Furthermore, in the temperature range of minus 30 ℃ to plus 60 ℃ along the optical axis direction, the distance from the vertex of the first surface of the front group of lenses to the image surface is kept at 170.00mm, the distance is not changed, the image is clear in the range of the full temperature section, and the optical lens is suitable for processing and adjustment without any mechanical focusing compensation mechanism.
Furthermore, the lens of the optical system has high resolution, and is suitable for a high-resolution large-target-surface medium wave refrigeration detector with the pixel number of 1280 multiplied by 1024 and the pixel size of 15 multiplied by 15 mu m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following main advantages:
1. the optical system is based on the influence of different materials and complex surface types on the imaging effect, uses a diffraction element based on a germanium substrate, utilizes the property that the thermal difference of a germanium diffraction lens is opposite to that of a common germanium lens, and well corrects the thermal difference and the chromatic aberration, greatly simplifies the system, reduces the number of lenses of the optical system, improves the transmittance of the system, compresses the length of the system, has the absolute length of only 170mm, and has compact optical machine structure and light weight.
2. The optical system adopts a secondary imaging structure form, not only meets the 100% cold diaphragm efficiency, but also can compress the aperture of the front group of lenses.
3. The optical system strictly controls the cold reflection effect, namely controls the RMS value of the detector finally imaged on the target surface of the detector after the detector is reflected by each surface of the lens, and no ghost image occurs.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical system of the present invention;
in the figure, 1-front group lens one, 2-front group lens two, 3-front group lens three, 4-front group lens four, 5-rear group lens one, 6-rear group lens two, 7-rear group lens three;
FIG. 2 is a normal temperature two-dimensional view of an optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a-30 ℃ low temperature two-dimensional plot of an optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a 60 ℃ high temperature two-dimensional view of an optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an MTF chart of the optical system of the present invention at a normal temperature of 16 lp/mm;
FIG. 6 is an MTF chart of the optical system of the present invention at-30 ℃ and a low temperature of 16 lp/mm;
FIG. 7 is a MTF graph of the optical system of the present invention at a high temperature of 16lp/mm at 60 ℃;
FIG. 8 is a normal temperature plot of an optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a diagram of the-30 ℃ low temperature spot of the optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a 60 ℃ high temperature spot diagram of the optical system of the present invention;
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
It should be noted that, according to the implementation requirement, each step/component described in the present application can be divided into more steps/components, and two or more steps/components or partial operations of the steps/components can be combined into new steps/components to achieve the purpose of the present invention.
Optical system structure
The small high-resolution athermalized medium-wave infrared optical system comprises a front group and a rear group as shown in figure 1, wherein the front group comprises four lenses including a first front group lens 1, a second front group lens 2, a third front group lens 3, a fourth front group lens 4 and the like, the rear group comprises three lenses including a first rear group lens 5, a second rear group lens 6 and a third rear group lens 7, an object-side imaging light beam sequentially passes through the first front group lens 1, the second front group lens 2, the third front group lens 3 and the fourth front group lens 4 to be imaged for one time, and then passes through the first rear group lens 5, the second rear group lens 6 and the third rear group lens 7 to be imaged for two times on a detector.
The seven lenses of the system are coaxially arranged, the system is greatly simplified, the number of the lenses of the optical system is reduced, the transmittance of the system is improved, the length of the system is reduced, the absolute length is only 170mm, and the optical-mechanical system is compact in structure and light in weight.
Furthermore, the lens materials used by the system are silicon and germanium which are commonly used by an infrared optical system, the light incidence direction is an object space, the light emergent direction is an image space, the first front group lens 1 is a meniscus silicon positive lens with a convex surface facing the object space, the second front group lens 2 is a biconcave germanium negative lens, the third front group lens 3 is a meniscus germanium positive lens with a convex surface facing the object space, the fourth front group lens 4 is a meniscus silicon negative lens with a convex surface facing the image space, the first rear group lens 5 is a biconvex silicon positive lens, the second rear group lens 6 is a biconcave germanium negative lens, and the third rear group lens 7 is a meniscus silicon positive lens with a convex surface facing the object space.
The small high-resolution athermal medium wave infrared optical system has a focal length of 150mm and an F number of 4.
Second, detailed principles
The imaging light beam of the object space is subjected to primary imaging after sequentially passing through the first front group lens 1, the second front group lens 2, the third front group lens 3 and the fourth front group lens 4, and then subjected to secondary imaging on a detector after passing through the first rear group lens 5, the second rear group lens 6 and the third rear group lens 7, and the focal length of an optical system is 150 mm.
The system utilizes the principle that different materials have different thermal coefficients, and the front group lens I1 adopts a meniscus silicon positive lens with a convex surface facing the object space; the second lens group 2 adopts a biconcave germanium negative lens, the first surface of which is a germanium-based aspheric diffraction surface, the aspheric coefficient is K equal to 0, and A equal to-4.01 × 10-6，B＝-9.15×10-9The coefficient of diffraction surface is C1 ═ 0.95X 10-4，C2＝3.87×10-8(ii) a The front group lens three 3 adopts a meniscus germanium positive lens with a convex surface facing the object space, the first surface is an aspheric surface, and the aspheric coefficient is A is 4.05 multiplied by 10-7，B＝-1.96×10-10(ii) a The front lens group four 4 adopts a meniscus silicon negative lens with a convex surface facing the image space, the first surface is an aspheric surface, and the aspheric coefficient is-7.03 multiplied by 10-7，B＝9.75×10-9(ii) a The rear group lens I5 adopts a double convex silicon positive lens; the second rear group lens 6 adopts a biconcave germanium negative lens, the second surface is an aspheric surface, and A is 6.89 multiplied by 10-7，B＝1.05×10-10The third lens group 7 adopts a meniscus silicon positive lens with a convex surface facing the object space.
The system totally adopts three conventional lenses and three aspheric lenses, one aspheric lens is provided with a diffraction surface lens, and the thermal difference and chromatic aberration are well corrected by matching different lens materials and matching the conventional lens and the diffraction lens and utilizing the property of the germanium diffraction lens opposite to the thermal difference of the common germanium lens, so that the mutual compensation of positive and negative thermal defocusing of different parts of the optical system is realized, and the imaging quality is not changed without focusing in a wide temperature range. In the temperature range of minus 30 ℃ to plus 60 ℃, the distance from the top point of the first surface of the front group of lenses to the image surface is kept at 170.00mm, the distance is not changed, the image is clear in the range of the full temperature section, no mechanical focusing compensation mechanism is provided, and the method is suitable for processing and adjustment.
Furthermore, the lens of the system adopts a secondary imaging structure, so that the system not only meets the 100% cold diaphragm efficiency, but also can compress the aperture of the front group lens.
Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, the distance from the vertex of the first surface of the first lens group 1 to the primary image point along the optical path direction is 107.7mm, and the distance from the primary image point to the target surface of the detector is 62.3 mm.
Third, experimental verification
FIG. 2 is a normal temperature two-dimensional view of an optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a two-dimensional diagram of the optical system of the present invention at a temperature of-30 deg.C;
FIG. 4 is a high temperature 60 ℃ two-dimensional view of an optical system of the present invention;
further, as can be seen from fig. 2 to 4, in the temperature range of-30 ℃ to +60 ℃, the two-dimensional path of the optical system is not greatly affected by the temperature change without changing the positions of the lenses and the focal lengths of the lenses.
FIG. 5 is a transfer function curve of the optical system of the present invention at normal temperature in each field of view of 16 lp/mm;
FIG. 6 is a plot of the transfer function for each field of view at 16lp/mm for an optical system of the present invention at low temperature-30 ℃;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the transfer function for each field at a high temperature of 60 ℃ in 16lp/mm for an optical system of the present invention;
further, as can be seen from fig. 5 to 7, in the temperature range of-30 ℃ to +60 ℃, the transfer function curve of each field is not greatly affected by the temperature change without changing the position of each lens and the focal length of the lens.
FIG. 8 shows the size of the scattered spot for each field of view at room temperature for the optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 9 shows the diffuse spot size of each field at-30 ℃ in the optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph of the diffuse spot size for each field of view at 60 ℃ for the high temperature of the optical system of the present invention;
further, as can be seen from fig. 8 to 9, in the temperature range of-30 ℃ to +60 ℃, the size of the dispersed spot in each field is not greatly affected by the temperature change without changing the position of each lens and the focal length of the lens.
Therefore, the optical system of the invention can ensure clear imaging in the temperature range of-30 ℃ to +60 ℃ and the full temperature range.
The small high-resolution athermalized medium-wave infrared optical system based on the germanium substrate diffraction surface uses a germanium substrate diffraction element, greatly simplifies the system, ensures that the absolute length of the optical system is only 170mm, adopts a secondary imaging structural form, meets the cold stop efficiency of 100 percent, has compact optical machine structure, light weight and good application prospect, and is particularly suitable for pod photoelectric equipment.
The common material of the medium wave infrared optical system is silicon, germanium, zinc selenide and the like, for the common medium wave infrared optical system, the aperture of the front fixed group is larger, the silicon material with small density is preferentially selected, meanwhile, the front group has the greatest contribution to aberration optimization, a better imaging effect can be obtained by using a complex surface type, the silicon material has the physical characteristics of brittleness, hardness and the like, the vibration between a cutter and the material is easy to have the problems of edge breakage and the like in the processing process, and the surface smoothness and the surface type precision are difficult to control, so the diffraction surface is manufactured on the soft material of germanium, zinc selenide and the like, the invention uses a diffraction element based on a germanium substrate, utilizes the property of the germanium diffraction lens opposite to the thermal difference of the common germanium lens to carry out good correction on the thermal difference and chromatic difference, utilizes the germanium diffraction surface to carry out the design of a refraction/diffraction mixed optical system, can reduce the number of lenses of the optical system, further reduce the weight of the system, the system transmittance is improved. Therefore, the invention adopts the germanium substrate aspheric surface and the diffraction surface to carry out aberration correction in the front group, and obtains good imaging effect.
In summary, the small high-resolution athermal medium wave infrared optical system of the present invention employs secondary imaging, uses a diffraction surface based on a germanium substrate to compress the aperture of the front group lens, satisfies 100% cold stop efficiency, and obtains good correction of aberration, the system includes a front group and a rear group, and the distance from the vertex of the first surface of the front group lens to the image plane is kept at 170.00mm by mixing and matching different materials and diffractive elements within the temperature range of-30 ℃ to +60 ℃, so as to achieve the purpose of athermalization.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A compact high resolution athermalized medium wave infrared optical system characterized by seven coaxial lenses, said lenses being grouped into a front group and a rear group from object to image, wherein:
the front group consists of a first front group lens, a second front group lens, a third front group lens and a fourth front group lens;
the rear group consists of a first rear group lens, a second rear group lens and a third rear group lens;
the object space imaging light beam sequentially passes through a first front group lens, a second front group lens, a third front group lens and a fourth front group lens and then is imaged for the first time, and then passes through a first rear group lens, a second rear group lens and a third rear group lens and then is imaged for the second time on a detector;
the seven lenses are matched by adopting silicon or germanium materials, and comprise three conventional lenses, three aspheric lenses and one aspheric lens with a diffraction surface, so that the image surface drift of an optical system at different temperatures is compensated, and clear imaging in a full temperature range of-30 ℃ to +60 ℃ is realized.
2. The small-sized high-resolution athermalized medium wave infrared optical system according to claim 1, wherein the first front lens group is a meniscus silicon positive lens with a convex surface facing the object, the second front lens group is a biconcave germanium negative lens, the third front lens group is a meniscus germanium positive lens with a convex surface facing the object, the fourth front lens group is a meniscus silicon negative lens with a convex surface facing the image, the first rear lens group is a biconvex silicon positive lens, the second rear lens group is a biconcave germanium negative lens, and the third rear lens group is a meniscus silicon positive lens with a convex surface facing the object.
3. The small, high-resolution, athermalized mid-wave infrared optical system of claim 2, wherein the first surface of the second front lens group is a germanium-based aspheric diffractive surface.
4. The small high-resolution athermalized mid-wave infrared optical system of claim 2 wherein the first surfaces of the third and fourth front group of lenses are aspheric.
5. The small, high-resolution, athermalized mid-wave infrared optical system of claim 2, wherein the second surface of the second rear lens group is aspheric.
6. The small, high-resolution, athermalized mid-wave infrared optical system of claim 1, wherein the optical system has a lens focal length of 150mm and an F-number of 4.
7. The small-sized high-resolution athermalized medium wave infrared optical system according to claim 1, wherein the distance from the vertex of the first surface of the front group lens to the image plane is maintained at 170.00mm, and the distance is not changed in the temperature range of-30 ℃ to +60 ℃.
8. The small-sized high-resolution athermalized medium wave infrared optical system according to claims 1 to 7, wherein the optical system is suitable for a high-resolution large target surface medium wave refrigeration detector with the pixel number of 1280 x 1024 and the pixel size of 15 x 15 μm.
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| CN115931308A (en) * | 2022-12-02 | 2023-04-07 | 湖北久之洋红外系统股份有限公司 | Infrared relay system applied to high-low temperature transfer function instrument |
| CN119247602A (en) * | 2024-12-09 | 2025-01-03 | 长春理工大学 | A small F-number cooled athermalized mid-wave infrared optical system |
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