CN114111611B - Ballastless track, track slab buckling deformation monitoring system and method - Google Patents
Ballastless track, track slab buckling deformation monitoring system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114111611B CN114111611B CN202111154104.4A CN202111154104A CN114111611B CN 114111611 B CN114111611 B CN 114111611B CN 202111154104 A CN202111154104 A CN 202111154104A CN 114111611 B CN114111611 B CN 114111611B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge using photoelastic elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
- G01K11/3206—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres at discrete locations in the fibre, e.g. using Bragg scattering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
- G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
- G01L1/246—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre using integrated gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
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- Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a track slab buckling deformation monitoring system which comprises a data demodulator and at least one group of monitoring units arranged on a track slab, wherein each monitoring unit comprises two fiber grating array stress optical cables integrated with a plurality of fiber grating stress sensors, the two stress optical cables in the same group are arranged at the height of each buckling deformation monitoring point, and the two stress optical cables are arranged in an X-shaped cross manner between two longitudinally adjacent buckling deformation monitoring points. In addition, the ballastless track provided with the track slab warp deformation monitoring system and the track slab warp deformation monitoring method are also related. The invention can respond to the buckling deformation condition rapidly and intuitively, and can monitor the vertical buckling deformation of the track plate rapidly and accurately; the optical cable arrangement mode can eliminate the longitudinal displacement change of the track plate caused by external load effects such as temperature and the like, and improves the accuracy and reliability of monitoring the vertical buckling deformation of the track plate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rail traffic engineering, and particularly relates to a rail plate warp deformation monitoring system, a ballastless track provided with the rail plate warp deformation monitoring system and a rail plate warp deformation monitoring method based on the rail plate warp deformation monitoring system.
Background
The slab ballastless track adopts a longitudinal connection structure system, has the advantages of good smoothness, small deformation and the like, and is greatly influenced by temperature load. As the service time of the line is prolonged, the interlayer bonding performance of the track structure is gradually degraded, the track plate can vertically arch upwards to deform under the action of vertical temperature load, and the gap between the track plate and the mortar layer is easy to appear due to long-time disease; under the action of longitudinal temperature load, the wide and narrow joints between the track plates are stressed greatly along with the gap between the track plates and the mortar layer, and in extreme cases, the defects such as crushing of the wide and narrow joints of the track plates, arch deformation of the track plates and the like can occur. Because the high-speed railway lines are long and distributed in different climate zones nationwide, the current railway business departments corresponding to the monitoring of the warp deformation of the track structure have not found an effective method, and the warp deformation of the track plate is mainly prevented in a passive mode.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention relates to a track plate warp deformation monitoring system, a ballastless track provided with the track plate warp deformation monitoring system and a track plate warp deformation monitoring method based on the track plate warp deformation monitoring system, which at least can solve part of defects in the prior art.
The invention relates to a track slab warp deformation monitoring system, comprising:
The monitoring units comprise two fiber bragg grating array stress optical cables integrated with a plurality of fiber bragg grating stress sensors, wherein the two stress optical cables in the same group are arranged at the height of each buckling deformation monitoring point, and are arranged in an X-shaped cross manner between two longitudinally adjacent buckling deformation monitoring points;
And the data demodulator is used for receiving the stress information sent by the stress optical cable, demodulating the stress information into a demodulation signal and sending the demodulation signal to the background processor.
As one embodiment, each of the stress optical cables is arranged continuously along the entire length of the track plate.
As one embodiment, each of the stress optical cables is disposed on the surface of the track slab.
As one embodiment, the tip of the stress fiber optic cable does not exceed the rail surface height of the rail.
As one embodiment, the monitoring unit further comprises a protective cover, wherein the protective cover is arranged on the surface of the track plate and covers the corresponding two stress optical cables inside.
As one of the implementation modes, the distance between two adjacent buckling deformation monitoring points is 5-7 m.
The invention also relates to a track plate warp deformation monitoring method, which is based on the track plate warp deformation monitoring system;
when buckling deformation occurs to the buckling deformation monitoring points, the two stress optical cables in the same group generate a differential effect, and the monitoring deformation is obtained based on the differential effect;
And removing the error deformation on the basis of the monitoring deformation to judge the vertical buckling deformation condition of the track plate, wherein the error deformation comprises the error deformation generated by the track plate due to the influence of temperature and the error deformation generated by deformation in other directions.
The invention also relates to a ballastless track, wherein the track plate warp deformation monitoring system is configured on the track plate.
The invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
According to the invention, by adopting the crossed arrangement of the two fiber bragg grating array stress optical cables, when the buckling deformation monitoring points generate vertical buckling deformation, the two stress optical cables generate differential effect, so that the buckling deformation condition can be responded rapidly and intuitively, and the vertical buckling deformation of the track plate can be monitored rapidly and accurately; the optical cable arrangement mode can eliminate the longitudinal displacement change of the track plate caused by external load effects such as temperature and the like, and improves the accuracy and reliability of monitoring the vertical buckling deformation of the track plate.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical cable arrangement on a slab ballastless track provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of a fiber grating array stress optical cable according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of a fiber grating array temperature measurement optical cable according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of a fiber grating array vibration optical cable according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic layout diagram of a fiber bragg grating stress demodulator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a track board warp deformation monitoring system, including:
at least one group of monitoring units arranged on the track slab 11, wherein the monitoring units comprise two fiber grating array stress optical cables 21 integrated with a plurality of fiber grating stress sensors, the two stress optical cables 21 in the same group are arranged at the height of each buckling deformation monitoring point, and the two stress optical cables 21 are arranged in an X-shaped cross manner between two longitudinally adjacent buckling deformation monitoring points;
and the data demodulator 5 is a fiber grating stress demodulator 5 and is used for receiving the stress information sent by the stress optical cable 21, demodulating the stress information into a demodulation signal and sending the demodulation signal to a background processor.
The fiber grating array stress optical cable 21 is a cable with a plurality of fiber grating stress sensors integrated in a single optical cable, is an existing product, and has the characteristics of wide monitoring coverage (more than 10km can be covered according to the requirement), high measurement precision, small spacing between sensing units (the minimum spacing can be 1 cm), and the like, and specific structures are not repeated here. The fiber bragg grating stress demodulator 5 is also the existing equipment; the connection between the background processor and the background processor can be electric connection or communication connection, which is a conventional technology. Considering that the ballastless track has a longer overall length, the fiber grating stress demodulators 5 are preferably arranged in a plurality to ensure the accuracy and reliability of stress data.
Preferably, each stress optical cable 21 is continuously arranged along the whole length of the track slab 11, so that full-line monitoring of the buckling deformation of the ballastless track slab is realized, and the monitoring result is more accurate and reliable. The number of the monitoring units can be set according to actual conditions, and the reliable monitoring of the buckling deformation of the track plate can be better completed by adopting one group of the monitoring units, and the accuracy of the monitoring result can be further improved by adopting two or more groups of the monitoring units. In one of the embodiments, as in fig. 1, the monitoring unit is arranged outside the rail.
As can be appreciated from fig. 2, each warp monitoring point has two fiber bragg grating stress sensors, the two fiber bragg grating stress sensors are respectively divided into two fiber bragg grating array stress optical cables 21, and one fiber bragg grating stress sensor is located above the other fiber bragg grating stress sensor, that is, the requirement that the two stress optical cables 21 in the same group are arranged in a high-low mode at each warp monitoring point is met.
One of the fiber grating array stress optical cables 21 is defined as a first stress optical cable 211, and the other fiber grating array stress optical cable 21 is defined as a second stress optical cable 212. As shown in fig. 2, each stress optical cable 21 has one fiber grating stress sensor at two longitudinally adjacent buckling deformation monitoring points respectively, wherein one fiber grating stress sensor is positioned at a high point at one buckling deformation monitoring point, and the other fiber grating stress sensor is positioned at a low point at the other buckling deformation monitoring point, so that the stress optical cable 21 is obliquely arranged between the longitudinally adjacent two buckling deformation monitoring points; thus, among the two longitudinally adjacent buckling deformation monitoring points, at the first buckling deformation monitoring point, the stress sensor of the first stress optical cable 211 is located directly above the stress sensor of the second stress optical cable 212, and at the second buckling deformation monitoring point, the stress sensor of the second stress optical cable 212 is located directly above the stress sensor of the first stress optical cable 211, and the first stress optical cable 211 and the second stress optical cable 212 are arranged in an X-shaped cross between the two longitudinally adjacent buckling deformation monitoring points.
In this embodiment, by adopting the cross arrangement of the two fiber bragg grating array stress optical cables 21, when the buckling deformation monitoring point generates vertical buckling deformation, the two stress optical cables 21 generate differential effect, so that the buckling deformation condition can be responded rapidly and intuitively, and the vertical buckling deformation of the track plate can be monitored rapidly and accurately. The optical cable arrangement mode can eliminate the longitudinal displacement change of the track plate caused by external load effects such as temperature and the like, and improves the accuracy and reliability of monitoring the vertical buckling deformation of the track plate.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, each of the stress optical cables 21 is disposed on the surface of the track slab, so as to quickly and accurately reflect the buckling deformation of the track slab 11, and the stress optical cables 21 are convenient to be disposed, replaced and maintained. Further preferably, the monitoring unit further comprises a protective cover 22, wherein the protective cover 22 is covered on the surface of the track slab and covers the two corresponding stress optical cables 21 inside, so that the stress optical cables 21 can be better protected; in one embodiment, the stress fiber optic cable 21 is secured within the boot 22, and the boot 22 is secured to the surface of the track slab (which may be secured by fasteners such as expansion screws). It is further preferred that the top end of the stress optical cable 21 does not exceed the height of the rail surface of the rail, so as to avoid interference with train operation.
The number and distribution of the buckling deformation monitoring points can be set according to specific conditions. In one embodiment, the track plate 11 comprises a plurality of segment plates which are sequentially arranged along the longitudinal direction of the track, and one buckling deformation monitoring point can be respectively arranged at the front end and the rear end of each segment plate, or the interval between two adjacent buckling deformation monitoring points is the length of one segment plate; optionally, the distance between two adjacent buckling deformation monitoring points is 5-7 m.
Based on the track plate warp deformation monitoring module, the track plate warp deformation monitoring method specifically comprises the following steps:
when buckling deformation occurs to the buckling deformation monitoring points, the two stress optical cables 21 in the same group generate a differential effect, and the monitoring deformation is obtained based on the differential effect;
and eliminating the error deformation on the basis of the monitored deformation to judge the vertical buckling deformation condition of the track plate 11, wherein the error deformation comprises the error deformation of the track plate 11 caused by temperature influence and the error deformation caused by deformation in other directions.
Example two
The embodiment of the invention provides a ballastless track, and the track slab warp deformation monitoring system provided in the first embodiment is configured on a track slab 11.
Example III
The ballastless track provided by the second embodiment and the track slab warp deformation monitoring method in the first embodiment are further optimized.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 3, the embodiment of the invention provides a ballastless track full-line temperature field monitoring system, which comprises a fiber grating array temperature measuring optical cable 3 integrated with a plurality of fiber grating temperature measuring sensors and a fiber grating temperature demodulator connected with the fiber grating array temperature measuring optical cable 3, wherein the fiber grating array temperature measuring optical cable 3 is arranged along the full length of the ballastless track in a covering way and is used for at least collecting temperature information of a track plate 11 and sending the temperature information to the fiber grating temperature demodulator; the fiber bragg grating temperature demodulator is used for receiving the temperature information sent by the fiber bragg grating array temperature measuring optical cable 3, demodulating the temperature information into a demodulation signal and sending the demodulation signal to the background processor.
The fiber bragg grating array temperature measuring optical cable 3 is a cable with a plurality of fiber bragg grating temperature measuring sensors integrated in a single optical cable, is an existing product, and has the characteristics of wide monitoring coverage (more than 10km can be covered according to the requirement), high measuring precision, small spacing between sensing units (the minimum spacing can be 1 cm), and the like, and specific structures are not repeated here.
The fiber bragg grating temperature demodulator is also existing equipment; the connection between the background processor and the background processor can be electric connection or communication connection, which is a conventional technology. Considering that the ballastless track is longer in whole line length, the fiber bragg grating temperature demodulators are preferably arranged in a plurality of mode, and therefore accuracy and reliability of temperature measurement data are guaranteed. Preferably, each fiber bragg grating temperature demodulator is used for acquiring monitoring information of two sections of temperature measuring cables at the front side and the rear side of the fiber bragg grating temperature demodulator; in one embodiment, the fiber bragg grating array temperature measuring optical cable 3 is continuously arranged along the whole ballastless track, that is, two adjacent fiber bragg grating temperature demodulators are connected in series by a single cable, a certain point is taken as a demarcation point in the single serial cable, a fiber bragg grating temperature measuring sensor at the front side of the demarcation point sends monitoring information to the fiber bragg grating temperature demodulators at the front side of the demarcation point, and a fiber bragg grating temperature measuring sensor at the rear side of the demarcation point sends monitoring information to the fiber bragg grating temperature demodulators at the rear side of the demarcation point, which can be realized by setting the light emission direction of the fiber bragg grating temperature measuring sensors in the optical cable; in another embodiment, the fiber bragg grating array temperature measuring optical cable 3 adopts a split arrangement mode, and comprises a plurality of temperature measuring cable sections, wherein the end parts of two adjacent temperature measuring cable sections are propped against or the two adjacent temperature measuring cable sections are partially overlapped, the effect of the full-length coverage arrangement of the ballastless track can be achieved, and the full-line temperature monitoring of the ballastless track can be achieved. Preferably, each station is provided with a fiber grating temperature demodulator.
Further optimizing the above temperature field monitoring system, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 3, the fiber bragg grating array temperature measuring optical cable 3 includes at least one vertical temperature measuring section 311 and a plurality of longitudinal temperature measuring sections, the vertical temperature measuring section 311 is a U-shaped cable with a top end located in the track board 11 and a bottom end located in the base board 13, each longitudinal temperature measuring section is buried in the track board 11 and is connected with a top end of an adjacent vertical temperature measuring section 311, and at least one fiber bragg grating temperature measuring sensor is respectively arranged in the track board 11, the mortar laminate 12 and the base board 13 in the vertical temperature measuring section 311. Generally, the vertical temperature measuring section 311 includes two vertical line segments and a horizontal line segment, two ends of the horizontal line segment are respectively connected with the bottom ends of the two vertical line segments, and obviously, the vertical temperature measuring section 311 is an integral continuous cable; in this embodiment, the vertical temperature measuring section 311 is used for monitoring the vertical temperature of the track structure, and the horizontal line section is preferably not provided with a fiber grating temperature measuring sensor, and the horizontal line section can be set to have a smaller length, that is, a smaller distance is adopted between two vertical line sections.
The vertical temperature measuring section 311 can obtain temperatures of the track plate 11, the mortar laminate 12 and the base plate 13 at corresponding measuring points, so as to obtain a vertical temperature gradient of the track structure, and judge whether the vertical temperature load of the track structure is in a normal range according to the vertical temperature gradient, so that a service department and the like can timely further detect and maintain the ballastless track. Preferably, the vertical temperature load may be applied to the finite element analysis model based on the finite element analysis model of the rail structure to calculate the theoretical rail structure stress condition.
Further preferably, as shown in fig. 3, each vertical line segment of the vertical temperature measuring section 311 has at least one fiber bragg grating temperature measuring sensor in the track board 11, the mortar laminate 12 and the base board 13, so that each vertical line segment can realize vertical temperature monitoring of the track structure, and the temperature information obtained by the two vertical line segments are mutually verified, so as to improve accuracy of monitoring results, for example: at each vertical temperature measuring point 31, the monitoring data of each fiber grating temperature sensor in the track plate 11 at the same time can be obtained and averaged, the monitoring data in the mortar laminate 12 and the base plate 13 are processed in the same way, and the accuracy and the reliability of the monitoring result are obviously higher; if the difference of the monitoring data of the different fiber bragg grating temperature sensors in the same structural board is large, the vertical temperature measuring section 311 can be marked, so that a service department can detect whether the vertical temperature measuring section 311 has faults or not in time, namely, the fault self-detection of the vertical temperature measuring section 311 is realized, and the working reliability is high. In this embodiment, each vertical line segment has a fiber grating temperature sensor in the track plate 11, the mortar layer plate 12 and the base plate 13.
In one embodiment, there are a plurality of vertical temperature measuring sections 311, and the interval between two adjacent vertical temperature measuring sections 311 is in the range of 5-10 m, and it is further preferable to set a vertical temperature measuring point 31 every 6-7 m.
In one embodiment, the longitudinal length of the vertical temperature measuring point 31 (i.e., the distance between the two vertical line segments) is in the range of 700-800 mm. In the vertical temperature measuring section 311, the distance between the fiber bragg grating temperature measuring sensor in the base plate 13 and the surface of the track plate is 220-350 mm, the distance between the fiber bragg grating temperature measuring sensor in the mortar laminate 12 and the surface of the track plate is 190-220 mm, and the distance between the fiber bragg grating temperature measuring sensor in the track plate 11 and the surface of the track plate is 80-150 mm, which is not limited to the layout position, and can be designed and adjusted according to the specific track structure. In alternative embodiments: (1) The longitudinal length of the CRTSII type plate ballastless track subgrade section is 800mm, the distance between the fiber grating temperature measuring sensor in the track plate 11 and the surface of the track plate is 100mm, the distance between the fiber grating temperature measuring sensor in the mortar laminate 12 and the surface of the track plate is 215mm, and the distance between the fiber grating temperature measuring sensor in the base plate 13 and the surface of the track plate is 300mm; (2) The longitudinal length of the CRTSII type plate ballastless track bridge section is 700mm, the distance between the fiber bragg grating temperature measuring sensor in the track plate 11 and the surface of the track plate is 100mm, the distance between the fiber bragg grating temperature measuring sensor in the mortar laminate 12 and the surface of the track plate is 215mm, and the distance between the fiber bragg grating temperature measuring sensor in the base plate 13 and the surface of the track plate is 250mm; (3) The longitudinal length of the CRTSII type plate ballastless track tunnel section is 700mm, the distance between the fiber grating temperature measuring sensor in the track plate 11 and the surface of the track plate is 100mm, the distance between the fiber grating temperature measuring sensor in the mortar laminate 12 and the surface of the track plate is 215mm, and the distance between the fiber grating temperature measuring sensor in the base plate 13 and the surface of the track plate is 250mm.
For the above-mentioned arrangement of the vertical temperature measurement sections 311, preferably, a grouting hole 312 is formed on the track slab 11 corresponding to the position of each vertical temperature measurement section 311, and the grouting hole 312 extends into the base slab 13, and the vertical temperature measurement sections 311 are buried in the corresponding grouting holes 312 and the grouting holes 312 are sealed by grouting. The concrete poured in the grouting holes 312 is preferably high-strength and quick-setting concrete, so that the position accuracy of the vertical temperature measuring section 311 in the grouting holes 312 is ensured, and the vertical temperature measuring section 311 can be well protected.
By arranging the vertical temperature measuring points 31 on the ballastless track at proper intervals, the longitudinal temperature gradient of the track structure can be obtained according to the temperature data fed back by each vertical temperature measuring point 31, and whether the longitudinal temperature load of the track structure is in a normal range can be judged according to the longitudinal temperature gradient, so that a service department and the like can timely further detect and maintain the ballastless track. When the number of the vertical temperature measuring points 31 is enough, the fiber bragg grating temperature measuring sensor is not arranged in the longitudinal temperature measuring section, but only used for signal transmission; obviously, the optical fiber grating temperature measuring sensor is also arranged in the longitudinal temperature measuring section, so that the longitudinal temperature gradient data of the track structure is more abundant, the judgment of the longitudinal temperature load condition of the track structure is more accurate and reliable, especially, the longitudinal temperature information of the track plate 11 is more comprehensive, the health monitoring of the track plate 11 is facilitated, the monitoring of diseases such as vertical arch deformation of the track plate 11 is included, and the occurrence of conditions such as omission detection, misjudgment and the like can be reduced.
For the arrangement of the above-mentioned longitudinal temperature measuring section, preferably, a longitudinal monitoring groove is opened on the track plate 11 to embed the longitudinal temperature measuring section, and the longitudinal monitoring groove is sealed with concrete. Likewise, the concrete poured in the longitudinal monitoring groove is preferably high-strength and quick-setting concrete.
Generally, the base plate 13, the mortar laminate 12 and the track plate 11 are layered structures, for example, each layer is poured in sequence, the combination property, the integration property and the like between each layer affect the health condition of the track structure, and the interlayer disease is also one of the main diseases of the track structure, in this embodiment, by arranging a plurality of grouting holes 312 in the track structure, the integrated concrete column formed in the grouting holes 312 can effectively improve the structural integration and the collaborative stress performance between each layer of the track structure besides meeting the layout requirement of the vertical temperature measuring section 311, thereby correspondingly improving the health state and the service life of the track structure.
The longitudinal monitoring grooves are obviously communicated with the adjacent grouting holes 312, and further, concrete is synchronously poured in the longitudinal monitoring grooves and the grouting holes 312, at least concrete is synchronously poured in each grouting hole 312 and two adjacent longitudinal monitoring grooves, so that a T-shaped concrete structure is formed in the track structure, the structure integrity and the cooperative stress performance among layers of the track structure are improved, the effect of multidirectional constraint on the track plate 11 is better, and the running reliability of the track structure is further improved.
If necessary, the foundation plate 13 and the mortar laminate 12 can be reserved with the concreting reinforcing steel bars protruding into the grouting holes 312, and the track plate 11 can be reserved with the concreting reinforcing steel bars protruding into the grouting holes 312 and the longitudinal monitoring grooves, so that the binding property between post-cast concrete (i.e. the concrete in the grouting holes 312 and the longitudinal monitoring grooves) and the pre-track structure can be further improved.
In other preferred schemes, for the cast-in-situ track slab 11, the fiber grating array temperature measuring optical cable 3 is laid synchronously when the track slab 11 is cast-in-situ, wherein cables (comprising the longitudinal temperature measuring sections) for acquiring temperature information of the track slab are solidified through the track slab concrete. The base plate 13 and the mortar layer plate 12 which are poured in advance in the earlier stage are provided with vertical wiring holes so as to lay vertical temperature measuring sections 311, and when the track plate 11 is poured, concrete simultaneously enters the vertical wiring holes to finish the fixation of the fiber grating temperature measuring optical cable 3; in this scheme, the structural integrity and the cooperative stress between the track plate 11, the base plate 13 and the mortar laminate 12 are better. Further preferably, during the cast-in-situ construction of the track slab 11, the fiber bragg grating array temperature measuring optical cable 3 is further used for collecting the temperature state in the track slab forming process, and according to the feedback information of the fiber bragg grating array temperature measuring optical cable 3, a constructor can conveniently take appropriate maintenance measures for the track slab concrete, so that the construction quality of the track slab 11 is improved.
Preferably, the fiber grating array temperature measuring optical cable 3 is arranged in the middle of the track, namely between two rows of tracks.
Based on the ballastless track full-line temperature field monitoring system, acquiring temperature information of a track structure through the fiber grating array temperature measuring optical cable 3, wherein the temperature information of the track structure at least comprises temperature information of a track plate 11; the fiber bragg grating temperature demodulator receives the temperature information sent by the fiber bragg grating array temperature measuring optical cable 3, demodulates the temperature information into a demodulation signal and sends the demodulation signal to the background processor; and the background processor analyzes the temperature load of the track structure and judges whether the temperature load is in a normal range, if not, the background processor guides the working department to detect and maintain the ballastless track. It can be understood that by means of the ballastless track full-line temperature field monitoring system and the temperature monitoring method, the deformation amount of the track plate 11 caused by the temperature influence and the step deformation condition of the track structure caused by the temperature influence (for example, the deformation amount of the base plate 13, the void amount between the mortar laminate 12 and the base plate 13 and the track plate 11, and the like) can be well mastered, and the buckling deformation amount of the track plate can be conveniently and accurately mastered.
In addition, for the track slab 11 in cast-in-situ construction, the fiber grating array temperature measuring optical cable 3 is synchronously arranged in the cast-in-situ process of the track slab 11, and the temperature state in the track slab forming process is monitored through the fiber grating array temperature measuring optical cable 3, so that constructors are guided to perform corresponding maintenance operation on the track slab concrete, and the construction quality of the track slab 11 is improved. The fiber bragg grating temperature demodulator can be configured at a corresponding position according to the construction progress of the track plate 11 and connected with the fiber bragg grating array temperature measuring optical cable 3 for realizing real-time monitoring and data processing. In particular, based on the mode, the initial stress condition, the initial health condition and the like of the track plate 11 can be well mastered, initial basic information is provided for the subsequent warp deformation monitoring of the track plate 11, the warp deformation disease development trend of the track plate can be conveniently and accurately judged, and the important monitoring can be carried out on the track plate which is easy to generate warp deformation diseases.
Example IV
The slab ballastless track provided in the second embodiment and the track slab warp deformation monitoring method in the first embodiment are further optimized.
As shown in fig. 1 and 4, in the slab ballastless track, a fiber grating array vibration optical cable 4 integrated with a plurality of fiber grating vibration sensors is arranged on a track slab 11, and the fiber grating array vibration optical cable 4 is continuously arranged along the entire length of the track slab 11. Obviously, the fiber grating vibration demodulator is configured correspondingly, the fiber grating array vibration optical cable 4 is used for collecting the vibration information of the track plate 11 and sending the vibration information to the fiber grating vibration demodulator, and the fiber grating vibration demodulator is used for receiving the vibration information sent by the fiber grating array vibration optical cable 4 and demodulating the vibration information into a demodulation signal to be sent to the background processor.
The fiber grating array vibration optical cable 4 is a cable with a plurality of fiber grating vibration sensors integrated in a single optical cable, is an existing product, and has the characteristics of wide monitoring coverage (more than 10km can be covered according to the requirement), high measurement precision, small spacing between sensing units (the minimum spacing can be 1 cm), and the like, and specific structures are not repeated here.
The fiber bragg grating vibration demodulator is also existing equipment; the connection between the background processor and the background processor can be electric connection or communication connection, which is a conventional technology. Considering that the ballastless track is longer in whole line length, the fiber grating vibration demodulators are preferably arranged in a plurality of mode, so that accuracy and reliability of vibration data are guaranteed. Preferably, each fiber grating vibration demodulator is used for acquiring monitoring information of two sections of vibration cables at the front side and the rear side of the fiber grating vibration demodulator; in one embodiment, the fiber grating array vibration optical cable 4 is continuously arranged along the whole line of the ballastless track, that is, two adjacent fiber grating vibration demodulators are connected in series by a single cable, a certain point is taken as a demarcation point in the single serial cable, the fiber grating vibration sensor at the front side of the demarcation point sends monitoring information to the fiber grating vibration demodulators at the front side, and the fiber grating vibration sensor at the rear side of the demarcation point sends monitoring information to the fiber grating vibration demodulators at the rear side, which can be realized by setting the light emission direction of the fiber grating vibration sensors in the optical cable; in another embodiment, the fiber bragg grating array vibration optical cable 4 adopts a split arrangement mode, and comprises a plurality of vibration monitoring cable segments, wherein the end parts of two adjacent vibration monitoring cable segments are propped against or the two adjacent vibration monitoring cable segments are partially overlapped, the effect of the full-length coverage arrangement of the ballastless track can be achieved, and the full-line vibration monitoring of the ballastless track can be achieved. Preferably, each station is provided with a fiber grating vibration demodulator.
Based on the fiber grating array vibration optical cable 4, vibration acceleration at each vibration measuring point on the track plate 11 is obtained through the fiber grating array vibration optical cable 4;
Establishing a vibration acceleration-time relation data set for each vibration measuring point, comparing the vibration acceleration at the current time with the vibration acceleration at the historical time, and judging whether a gap condition occurs in a mortar layer of the track structure;
And/or analyzing the vibration acceleration of each vibration measuring point on the same track plate 11 to obtain the fundamental frequency mode of the track plate 11, establishing a fundamental frequency mode-time relation data set of the track plate 11, and comparing the fundamental frequency mode at the current time with the fundamental frequency mode at the historical time to judge whether the mortar layer void condition occurs in the track structure.
That is, the background processor is used for obtaining demodulation signals sent by the fiber grating vibration demodulator, establishing a vibration acceleration-time relation data set for each vibration measuring point, and judging whether a gap condition occurs in a mortar layer of the track structure according to the vibration acceleration-time relation data set; and/or the background processor is used for acquiring demodulation signals sent by the fiber grating vibration demodulator, analyzing vibration acceleration of each vibration measuring point on the same track plate 11, acquiring a fundamental frequency mode of the track plate 11, establishing a fundamental frequency mode-time relation data set of the track plate 11, and judging whether the mortar layer void condition occurs in the track structure according to the fundamental frequency mode-time relation data set. Further, the vibration amplitude, frequency and the like of the measuring points of the same track slab 11 are comprehensively analyzed, and the comprehensive analysis result of the vibration data at each passing time of the train is compared with the historical vibration data of the plurality of trains passing the time or all trains passing the plurality of days passing the time in a mean value, standard deviation and the like for statistical comparison analysis, so that the defect conditions of rail fracture, fastener failure, sleeper empty crane, gap of a track bed slab (the track slab 11), vibration isolation element failure and the like of the track structure can be indirectly reflected; when vibration data of a certain measuring point is abnormal, the possibility of occurrence of diseases of the track structure exists in the area, and the specific type of the diseases can be screened by synchronously calling video monitoring data or on-site inspection and the like.
Particularly, by combining the mode of monitoring the vertical temperature gradient and the longitudinal temperature gradient of the track structure through the fiber grating array temperature measuring optical cable 3, the judgment accuracy of interlayer diseases of the track structure can be further improved; and a track structure temperature gradient-interlayer disease relation data set can be established, and the data set is perfected and corrected in the continuous monitoring process, so that a reference and analysis basis is provided for the subsequent judgment operation of a background processor.
As shown in fig. 4, the number and distribution of the vibration measuring points can be set according to the specific situation. In one embodiment, a vibration measuring point is arranged between every two adjacent fastener nodes. Alternatively, the spacing between two vibration measurement points longitudinally adjacent is 0.5-0.8 m, for example the same as the spacing between adjacent fastener nodes. It is easy to understand that each vibration measuring point is correspondingly provided with a fiber bragg grating vibration sensor.
As shown in fig. 4, for the arrangement of the fiber grating array vibration optical cable 4, it is preferably buried in the track board 11, for example, a longitudinal wiring groove is formed on the surface of the track board to embed the fiber grating array vibration optical cable 4, and the longitudinal wiring groove is sealed with concrete. The concrete poured in the longitudinal wiring groove is preferably high-strength quick-setting concrete. In another embodiment, the fiber bragg grating array vibration optical cable 4 may be simultaneously laid out when the track slab 11 is cast.
Obviously, by means of the track plate vibration monitoring scheme, whether the track structure has the defects of the mortar layer void condition and the like or not is judged, and error deformation caused by the mortar layer void factor can be correspondingly removed in the track plate buckling deformation monitoring.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A track slab warp deformation monitoring system, comprising:
The monitoring units comprise two fiber bragg grating array stress optical cables integrated with a plurality of fiber bragg grating stress sensors, wherein the two stress optical cables in the same group are arranged at the height of each buckling deformation monitoring point, and are arranged in an X-shaped cross manner between two longitudinally adjacent buckling deformation monitoring points;
The track plate comprises a plurality of section plates which are sequentially arranged along the longitudinal direction of the track, and a buckling deformation monitoring point is respectively arranged at the front end and the rear end of each section plate;
Each buckling deformation monitoring point is provided with two fiber bragg grating stress sensors, the two fiber bragg grating stress sensors are respectively divided into two fiber bragg grating array stress optical cables, and one fiber bragg grating stress sensor is positioned above the other fiber bragg grating stress sensor;
the data demodulator is used for receiving the stress information sent by the stress optical cable, demodulating the stress information into a demodulation signal and sending the demodulation signal to the background processor; the background processor is used for obtaining monitoring deformation according to the differential effect generated by the two stress optical cables in the same group;
The system comprises a ballastless track, a data demodulator, a fiber grating array temperature measuring optical cable, a plurality of fiber grating temperature measuring sensors, a plurality of fiber grating sensor units and a data demodulator, wherein the fiber grating array temperature measuring optical cable is integrated with the fiber grating temperature measuring sensors, is arranged along the whole length of the ballastless track in a covering way and is used for at least collecting temperature information of the track plate and sending the temperature information to the data demodulator; the data demodulator is also used for receiving the temperature information sent by the fiber grating array temperature measuring optical cable, demodulating the temperature information into a demodulation signal and sending the demodulation signal to the background processor; the background processor is also used for grasping deformation of the track plate caused by temperature influence and stair deformation condition of the track structure caused by temperature influence so as to accurately grasp buckling deformation of the track plate.
2. The track slab warp deformation monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: each of the stress optical cables is arranged continuously along the entire length of the track slab.
3. The track slab warp deformation monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: each stress optical cable is arranged on the surface of the track plate.
4. The track slab warp deformation monitoring system of claim 3, wherein: the top end of the stress optical cable does not exceed the height of the rail surface of the steel rail.
5. The track slab warp deformation monitoring system of claim 3, wherein: the monitoring unit further comprises a protective cover, wherein the protective cover is arranged on the surface of the track plate and covers the corresponding two stress optical cables.
6. The track slab warp deformation monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the distance between two adjacent buckling deformation monitoring points is 5-7 m.
7. A track slab warp deformation monitoring method, characterized in that the method is performed based on the track slab warp deformation monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 6;
when buckling deformation occurs to the buckling deformation monitoring points, the two stress optical cables in the same group generate a differential effect, and the monitoring deformation is obtained based on the differential effect;
And removing the error deformation on the basis of the monitoring deformation to judge the vertical buckling deformation condition of the track plate, wherein the error deformation comprises the error deformation generated by the track plate due to the influence of temperature and the error deformation generated by deformation in other directions.
8. A ballastless track, characterized in that the track slab warp deformation monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is provided on a track slab.
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