CN114031381A - 一种添加氮化硅铁硅砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Fe] XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 15
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 14
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 13
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 206
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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Abstract
本发明属于材料领域,尤其涉及一种添加氮化硅铁的硅砖及其制备方法,所述硅砖包括如下质量百分比的组分:95.0%~99.9%的硅石、0.1‑5.0%的氮化硅铁,外加0.5%~5%的结合剂。本发明针对现有技术存在的采用“铁鳞+石灰乳”作矿化剂生产硅砖时水分排出困难、烧成过程难控制等不足,创新地选取氮化硅铁作矿化剂。高温下,氮化硅铁中的低熔点含铁物相(Fe3Si、Fe)熔融,发挥矿化剂的作用,不存在排水问题;将其以氮化硅铁为载体加入到硅砖中,可使其在硅砖中均匀分散,促进石英均匀转变。氮化硅铁中的Si3N4、Si在高温烧成过程中逐步氧化为SiO2,使过程成为反应烧结,提高了硅砖的强度。本发明制备方法简单,原料丰富且性价比优,烧成过程易控,适宜大型硅砖的工业化生产,合格率高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于材料领域,尤其涉及一种添加氮化硅铁的硅砖及其制备方法。
背景技术
硅砖具有荷重软化温度点高、高温体积稳定性好、高温蠕变性能优异等特性,且性价比优,广泛应用于玻璃窑、焦炉和热风炉等大型高温装备。
硅砖以SiO2含量不小于96%的硅石为原料,加入矿化剂和结合剂,经混练、成型、干燥、烧成等工序制得。硅石在加热过程中的快速晶型转变产生较大体积膨胀,使硅砖的烧成比其他耐火材料困难。矿化剂的作用一是高温下形成液相促石英转变为鳞石英,鳞石英具有矛头双晶相互交错的网状结构,因而使硅砖具有较高的荷重软化点及机械强度;二是缓冲砖坯烧成时因发生过度膨胀所产生的应力,防止制品产生松散和开裂。
矿化剂的是影响硅砖制品性能的关键因素。目前我国生产硅砖广泛采用的矿化剂为CaO-FeO系。其中,氧化铁的铁主要是轧钢皮(铁鳞),并要求其含Fe2O3+FeO>90%,以细粉形式加入;氧化钙因极易水化,难以在大气中保存,以石灰乳(氢氧化钙溶液)的形式加入。然而,在实际生产过程中,微量的铁鳞细粉难以在硅砖中分散均匀,石灰乳溶液则容易絮凝,不易分散,导致其作为矿化剂效果不佳。更需注意的是,在烧成过程中,氢氧化钙在500℃左右脱水发生分解,产生大量水蒸气,导致砖坯内部压力增大,烧成过程极难控制。
大型硅砖制品(长≥350mm,宽≥250mm,高≥200mm),主要使用于热风炉热风出口组合砖,玻璃炉拱脚和弦砖以及焦炉跨顶砖,由于体积,单重和厚度都比正常硅砖制品大,造成制品在烧成过程中水分排除更加困难。在150℃以下从砖坯中排出残余水分,在450℃~550℃时,Ca(OH)2脱水分解,此时砖坯内部的水蒸气分压高达0.84atm,石英颗粒与石灰的结合破坏,坯体强度大为降低,极易产生开裂。因此,探寻新型矿化剂,提供一种大型高性能硅砖及其制备方法是本发明亟需解决的问题。
专利(申请号201710961364.X)提出加入氮化硅、四氧化三铁、氧化钙和氧化铝这些矿化剂,认为其能够加速石英的转变以及降低烧成温度和缩短烧成时间,促使硅砖在较低温度下内部产生液相,缓冲了石英转变时引起的应力,从而使硅砖不致因晶体转化而开裂,并且液相能促进石英转变为鳞石英和方石英,有效地对硅砖内部的填充,促使空间间隙变小,还起到隔热效果,从而提高硅砖的致密性和隔热性。然而,上述液相的形成原理上是通过氧化钙、氧化铝和氧化硅反应形成的低熔点相,在1170℃以上才有液相生成。除此之外,该发明技术还存在以下不足:(1)氧化钙极易水化,难以在大气中保存,很难实现工业化生产;(2)在实际生产过程中,微量的“氮化硅+四氧化三铁+氧化钙和+氧化铝”细粉很难在硅砖中均匀分散,导致其作为矿化剂效果不佳,大尺寸硅砖中晶型转变不均匀的问题。(3)加入的氧化钙、氧化铝等在硅砖烧成后仍然存在,在硅砖高温使用的过程中亦会产生液相,影响硅砖的高温强度及抗蠕变性能。
探寻新的矿化剂,在硅砖烧成过程中实现在较低温度下均匀地促进石英相转变,并在烧成后不影响硅砖的高温强度是本发明亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
为解决现有技术存在的硅砖制备过程中矿化剂铁鳞不易分散、氢氧化钙高温脱水分解导致砖坯内部气压力大而开裂,大型硅砖在烧成过程中水分排出困难、烧成过程难控制等不足和缺陷,本发明提供一种以氮化硅铁为矿化剂的大型高性能硅砖及其制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的技术方案如下:一种添加氮化硅铁硅砖,以硅石为主要原料,以氮化硅铁为矿化剂,所述硅砖按以下重量百分比组成为:硅石95.0%~99.9%、氮化硅铁0.1~5.0%,外加结合剂0.5%-5%。
进一步地,所述硅石包括粒度为2.5-0.5mm和≤0.5mm的硅石骨料,以及硅石细粉,其中粒度为2.5-0.5mm和≤0.5mm的硅石骨料质量占原料总量的55~80%,硅石细粉质量占原料总量的15~44.9%;所述氮化硅铁的粒度≤200目。
进一步地,所述氮化硅铁包括如下质量分数的组合:70~85%Si3N4,13~28%Fe3Si,0~5%Fe,0~5%Si,0~5%SiO2。
进一步地,所述氮化硅铁的制备方法如下:以铁硅合金为原料,经过氮化燃烧后制得,所述铁硅合金包括但不限于FeSi75、FeSi72组成的铁硅合金。
如上所述的一种添加氮化硅铁的硅砖的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将硅石骨料、硅石细粉、氮化硅铁、结合剂按配比称量,搅拌均匀,制成泥料;
(2)采用压力机将步骤(1)中的泥料压制成砖坯,经干燥、烧结工序制得成品。
进一步地,步骤(1)中首先将硅石细粉和氮化硅铁进行预混得到混合粉,然后将混合粉与硅石骨料、结合剂浆废液搅拌直至混合均匀。
进一步地,步骤(2)中首先将砖坯在小于200℃温度下干燥24~48小时至残余水分<1.0wt.%,干燥后置入隧道窑或梭式窑中,升温至最高1450~1510℃保温24~48小时烧成,制得硅砖。
在本技术方案中,氮化硅铁是一种含铁的氮化硅产物,通常以FeSi75合金为原料,经过氮化燃烧后制得。氮化硅铁主要物相为Si3N4,次晶相为Fe3Si,含少量游离Fe或Si的材料,此外还有微量的其它杂质,其典型结构如图1所示:氮化硅呈长柱状或纤维状,以含铁物相(Fe3Si、Fe)为核芯呈放射状生长,形成海胆状结构单元,各个海胆状结构单元相互交织构成网状结构,含铁物相均匀的分布在网络结构中。这种结构使得氮化硅铁呈现气孔多、强度高的性能特征。氮化硅铁具有性价比优、强度高、孔隙度高、比表面积大、组成结构均匀等特点。在硅砖中加入氮化硅铁有以下几点作用:(1)高温烧成过程中,氮化硅铁中的含铁物相(Fe3Si、Fe)在较低温度下(约800℃)即可转化为液相,促进石英向鳞石英的转变,并缓解因发生相转变膨胀产生的应力,发挥矿化剂的作用,从而避免了使用石灰乳作矿化剂时因其高温脱水分解导致砖坯的内部气压力大而开裂问题;(2)如图1(a)所示,硅铁合金的粒径小于100μm,均匀分散在多孔的氮化硅铁中。将低熔点的铁硅合金矿化剂以氮化硅铁为载体加入到硅砖中,可很好的实现矿化剂的高度均匀分散,促进烧结,保证硅砖在烧成过程相转变的均匀稳定性,从而获得更均匀的组织结构,提高硅砖的强度和抗热震稳定性;(3)硅砖烧成过程中,氮化硅铁中的Si3N4、Fe3Si、Fe依次发生氧化,转变为SiO2和FeO,其中新生相SiO2具有高反应活性,粒度细小,可填充微细气孔,将硅石原料烧结在一起,从而提高硅砖的强度,FeO则继续发挥矿化剂作用,促进石英向鳞石英相的转变。(4)硅砖烧成后,体系中除SiO2外,仅含微量的铁氧化物,其熔点高于1500℃,不会影响硅砖的高温力学性能。
有益效果:本发明针对现有技术存在的采用“铁鳞+石灰乳”作矿化剂生产硅砖(尤其是大型硅砖)时水分排出困难、烧成过程难控制等不足和缺陷。本发明选取氮化硅铁作矿化剂,替代传统的铁鳞和石灰乳,有效提高了硅砖烧成后的合格率。具体如下:
(1)在硅砖高温烧成过程中,氮化硅铁中的低熔点含铁物相(Fe3Si、Fe)在较低温度下(约800℃)转化为液相,促进石英向鳞石英的转变,并缓解因发生相转变膨胀产生的应力,发挥矿化剂的作用,从而避免了使用传统的石灰乳作矿化剂时因其高温脱水分解导致砖坯的内部水气压力大而开裂问题,有效提高硅砖的合格率;
(2)低熔点的含铁物相(Fe3Si和Fe)在氮化硅铁中均匀分布,粒径细小,将其以氮化硅铁为载体加入到硅砖中作矿化剂,可使其在硅砖中高度均匀分散,从而促进砖坯中石英的均匀转变,使得硅砖具有更均匀的结构,提高制品的强度和抗热震稳定性能;
(3)氮化硅铁中的Si3N4、以及FeSi合金中的Si在高温烧成过程中逐步氧化转变为高活性的SiO2,使过程成为反应烧结,大大提高了硅砖的强度;
(4)本发明硅砖烧成后不含CaO-SiO2-FeO系低熔相;
(5)本发明的硅砖强度高、高温体积稳定性好、高温抗热震稳定性和高温蠕变性能优异;
(6)本发明制备方法简单,原料丰富且性价比优,烧成过程易控,适宜大型硅砖的工业化生产,合格率高。
附图说明
图1为氮化硅铁的典型结构形貌:(a)氮化硅铁中含铁物相的分布;(b)氮化硅铁中氮化硅的形貌。
具体实施方式
实施例1
先将99.9wt.%的硅石和0.1wt.%氮化硅铁混合,外加上述混合料2wt.%的纸浆废液结合剂,混炼均匀,压制成型;干燥后置入隧道窑中于1450℃保温48小时烧成,制得硅砖。
所得硅砖经检测,显气孔率为25.0%,体积密度为1.70g/cm3,常温耐压强度为20.7Mpa,荷重软化温度为1639℃,鳞石英含量47%,方石英含量42%。
实施例2
先将98.0wt.%的硅石和2.0wt.%氮化硅铁混合,外加上述混合料3wt.%的纸浆废液结合剂,混炼均匀,压制成型,干燥后置入隧道窑中于1510℃保温24小时烧成,制得硅砖。
所得硅砖经检测,显气孔率为23.0%,体积密度为1.76g/cm3,常温耐压强度为33.6MPa,荷重软化温度为1644℃,鳞石英含量50%,方石英含量40%。
实施例3
先将98.5wt.%的硅石和1.5wt.%氮化硅铁混合,外加上述混合料3wt.%的纸浆废液结合剂,混炼均匀,压制成型,干燥后置入隧道窑中于1480℃保温24小时烧成,制得硅砖。
所得硅砖经检测,显气孔率为25.2%,体积密度为1.72g/cm3,常温耐压强度为25.5MPa,荷重软化温度为1637℃,鳞石英含量58%,方石英含量42%。
实施例4
先将99.0wt.%的硅石和1.0wt.%氮化硅铁混合,外加上述混合料3wt.%的纸浆废液结合剂,混炼均匀,压制成型,干燥后置入隧道窑中于1470℃保温30小时烧成,制得硅砖。
所得硅砖经检测,显气孔率为21.0%,体积密度为1.78g/cm3,常温耐压强度为47.9MPa,荷重软化温度为1645℃,鳞石英含量55%,方石英含量35%。
实施例5
先将95.0wt.%的硅石和5.0wt.%氮化硅铁混合,外加上述混合料3wt.%的纸浆废液结合剂,混炼均匀,压制成型,干燥后置入隧道窑中于1470℃保温40小时烧成,制得硅砖。
所得硅砖经检测,显气孔率为25.2%,体积密度为1.71g/cm3,常温耐压强度为40.1MPa,荷重软化温度为1647℃,鳞石英含量57%,方石英含量41%。
Claims (7)
1.一种添加氮化硅铁的硅砖,其特征在于,所述硅砖包括如下质量分数的组合:95.0%~99.9%的硅石、0.1%~5.0%的氮化硅铁,外加0.5%~5%的结合剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种添加氮化硅铁的硅砖,其特征在于,所述硅石包括粒度为2.5-0.5mm和≤0.5mm的硅石骨料,以及硅石细粉,其中粒度为2.5-0.5mm和≤0.5mm的硅石骨料质量占原料总量的55~80%,硅石细粉质量占原料总量的15~44.9%;所述氮化硅铁的粒度≤200目。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种添加氮化硅铁的硅砖,其特征在于,所述氮化硅铁包括如下质量分数的组合:70~85%Si3N4,13~28%Fe3Si,0~5%Fe,0~5%Si,0~5%SiO2。
4.根据权利要求1~3任一项所述添加氮化硅铁的硅砖,其特征在于,所述氮化硅铁的制备方法如下:以铁硅合金为原料,经过氮化燃烧后制得,所述铁硅合金包括但不限于FeSi75、FeSi72组成的铁硅合金。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种添加氮化硅铁的硅砖的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将硅石骨料、硅石细粉、氮化硅铁、结合剂按配比称量,搅拌均匀,制成泥料;
(2)采用压力机将步骤(1)中的泥料压制成砖坯,经干燥、烧结工序制得成品。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种添加氮化硅铁的硅砖的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中首先将硅石细粉和氮化硅铁进行预混得到混合粉,然后将混合粉与硅石骨料、结合剂浆废液搅拌直至混合均匀。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种添加氮化硅铁的硅砖制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中首先将砖坯在小于200℃温度下干燥24~48小时至残余水分<1.0wt.%,干燥后置入隧道窑或梭式窑中,升温至最高1450~1510℃保温24~48小时烧成,制得硅砖。
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