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CN103987326A - 手术牵开器系统及使用方法 - Google Patents

手术牵开器系统及使用方法 Download PDF

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CN103987326A
CN103987326A CN201280044606.4A CN201280044606A CN103987326A CN 103987326 A CN103987326 A CN 103987326A CN 201280044606 A CN201280044606 A CN 201280044606A CN 103987326 A CN103987326 A CN 103987326A
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blade
retractor
retractor blade
support
induction element
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CN103987326B (zh
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莱昂内尔·A·亨特
小加布里埃尔·E·亨特
德鲁·斯基福尔
格雷·考西
艾伦·伯克霍尔德
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NORWICH
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HUNTNSURG Inc
HUNT SPINE LLC
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/02Surgical instruments, devices or methods for holding wounds open, e.g. retractors; Tractors
    • A61B17/025Joint distractors
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/02Surgical instruments, devices or methods for holding wounds open, e.g. retractors; Tractors
    • A61B17/0206Surgical instruments, devices or methods for holding wounds open, e.g. retractors; Tractors with antagonistic arms as supports for retractor elements
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/2812Surgical forceps with a single pivotal connection
    • A61B17/282Jaws
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B2017/00831Material properties
    • A61B2017/00902Material properties transparent or translucent
    • A61B2017/00915Material properties transparent or translucent for radioactive radiation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B2017/00831Material properties
    • A61B2017/00902Material properties transparent or translucent
    • A61B2017/00915Material properties transparent or translucent for radioactive radiation
    • A61B2017/0092Material properties transparent or translucent for radioactive radiation for X-rays
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/02Surgical instruments, devices or methods for holding wounds open, e.g. retractors; Tractors
    • A61B17/025Joint distractors
    • A61B2017/0256Joint distractors for the spine
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2270/00Control; Monitoring or safety arrangements
    • F04C2270/04Force
    • F04C2270/042Force radial
    • F04C2270/0421Controlled or regulated

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

本公开描述了一种手术牵开器系统和方法。手术牵开器包括限定操作轴线的细长元件、固定在细长元件上并且包括刀片端面的第一刀片、可移动地固定在细长元件上的第二刀片,其中,第二刀片限定位于其自身上的参考点,并且第二刀片的运动沿与操作轴线平行并且与刀片端面垂直的直线方向移动参考点。引导元件可以可拆卸地定位在位于第一刀片或第二刀片上的开口中。

Description

手术牵开器系统及使用方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2011年8月19日提交的、名称为“手术牵开器系统及使用方法(Surgical Retractor System and Methods of Use)”的美国临时申请No.61/525,646和2011年9月9日提交的、名称为“手术牵开器系统及使用方法(Surgical Retractor System and Methods ofUse)”的美国临时申请No.61/532,751的优先权;上述两个申请的全部公开内容在此通过引用的方式并入本文。
背景技术
目前用于侧位脊柱外科手术的牵开器系统建立穿过叉腰肌的圆形开口,叉腰肌包括主要沿纵轴方向延伸的肌肉纤维。这些系统使用顺序插入的圆形扩张器,扩张器远离初始扩张器/克氏针插入点沿径向扩张手术部位,这可能会造成神经和供血对椎体横突的压迫。现有的牵开器系统具有这样的能力:监测正在进入腰肌中的各个器械的最后部点,但继续将更大的器械引入到目标区域中。这些在先系统通常还包括两个、三个或四个圆形扩张器,在牵开器能够插入到最大扩张器周围之前,上述几个圆形扩张器首先必须被迫进入肌肉组织中。与沿径向展开的多刀片牵开器联接的这些圆形扩张器可能会引起显著的肌肉损伤,并且还可能会进一步拉伸或压迫周围组织中的神经根。
发明内容
在一个方面中,所述技术涉及手术牵开器及使用方法。在一个实施例中,手术牵开器包括限定操作轴线的细长元件。具有第一刀片端面的第一刀片固定在细长元件上。限定开口的第二刀片可移动地固定在细长元件上并且限定位于其自身上的参考点。第二刀片的运动使参考点沿与操作轴线大致平行并且与刀片端面大致垂直的直线方向移动。引导元件可拆卸地收纳在开口中。
在另一实施例中,一种使用侧位入路进行脊柱手术的方法包括:将引导元件插入到目标手术部位上方的第一位置中,以及将引导元件重新定位到目标手术部位上方的第二位置中。第二位置可比第一位置更靠后。所述方法包括沿引导元件插入牵开器装置,牵开器装置具有第一牵开器刀片和第二牵开器刀片,第一牵开器刀片和第二牵开器刀片均仅沿引导元件的第一侧插入。第一牵开器刀片锚固在目标手术部位上。所述方法包括通过以远离第一牵开器刀片的方式移动第二牵开器刀片来分离第一牵开器刀片和第二牵开器刀片,以及锁定第一牵开器刀片和第二牵开器刀片以保持进入目标手术部位的开放入口。
应当理解的是,前面的整体描述和下面的详细描述都是示例性的和解释性的,并且旨在提供要求保护的技术的进一步解释。
附图说明
附图示出了目前优选的各实施例,然而,应当理解的是,本技术不限于所示的确切配置和手段。
图1示出牵开器系统的透视图。
图2示出引导元件插入装置的透视图。
图3A和3B分别示出牵开器装置的俯视图和侧视图。
图4示出牵开器系统的侧视图。
图5A和5B示出牵开器刀片的局部放大透视图。
图6A和6B示出牵开器装置的透视图。
图7示出牵开器系统的使用方法。
具体实施方式
图1示出通常包括牵开器装置102、引导元件104和驱动装置106的牵开器系统100。牵开器装置102包括手柄108,手柄108与固定有两个刀片118、120的细长元件110联接。在一些实施例中,手柄108是可拆卸的手柄,其能够选择性地联接至细长元件110或从细长元件110上移除。刀片118、120可以直接固定在细长元件110上或用一个或多个支架114、116进行固定。如图1所示,在一个实施例中,支架114、116从细长元件110的一侧延伸,使得进行操作的外科医生可以触及通过刀片118、120所建立的手术开口,而不受细长元件110的阻碍。支架114、116中的一个或两个可以可移动地固定在细长元件110上。在这个具体实施例中,使用驱动装置106致动移动机构,以在这种情况下使与沿细长元件110的齿条啮合的齿轮旋转。移动机构的致动可以操作为分离支架114、116,并由此分离刀片118、120。在图3B中更清楚地示出了这个机构。可以使用其它移动机构来相对于细长元件移动刀片118、120。例如,可以使用丝杠/螺母机构和线性导轨/滑动机构。这些系统中的某些系统可能需要如下所述的额外的锁定元件。牵开器刀片118、120中的一个(在一个实施例中,后刀片120)限定用于收纳细长引导元件104的开口,将在下文中对引导元件104的使用进行描述。此外,刀片118、120中的一个或两个可以构造为可拆卸地收纳一个或多个垫片。
在图2中示出了引导元件104和引导元件插入装置202。尽管本发明可以预期包括椭圆形、梯形、长方形、三角形等在内的其它细长解剖器轮廓形状,但在所示实施例中,引导元件104是具有大致D形轮廓的细长解剖器。引导元件104的钝头204和轮廓形状简化了插入过程,并且还有助于沿肌肉纤维的平面剖开腰肌。可以将探针206放置在沿引导元件104的纵向延伸的通道206a或开口中。在插入之后,一旦确认所需位置,便可经由相同的通道或第二通道放置克氏针(K-wire),以将引导元件104停靠在椎间盘间隙中。在可选实施例中,可以在插入引导元件104之前,已将克氏针插入到引导元件104中。在图2中示出了尺寸设计成收纳克氏针并且与探针通道分离的引导元件104中的开口、孔或通道210。此开口210可以是完全封闭的通道、部分封闭的通道或者这两者的某种组合。根据实施例,克氏针通道210可以位于引导元件104中或引导元件104上(如图所示)、支架114或支架116中、或者前牵开器刀片118或后牵开器刀片120中。
引导元件104可以包括数个凹口214,凹口214设置有用于插入装置202的接合面。在所示实施例中,包括射线透射臂212的镊子被用于插入。也可以使用其它类型的插入装置,或者必要时,也可以用手对引导元件104进行定位。射线透射镊子臂212在荧光检查中通常不会显示出来,但臂202上可以包括不透射线的标记208,以辅助定位。可以使用位于其它位置的不透射线的标记208,其它位置指示某些元件的位置/定位。此外,引导元件104也可以是射线透射的。在外科手术过程中,不透射线的标记也可以定位成最接近于待插入的植入物的中心和前部。
图3A和图3B示出了与牵开器装置102一起使用的解剖器类型的引导元件104的各种视图。如上最初所述,使用驱动装置致动移动机构,以在这种情况下使与沿细长元件110的齿条304啮合的齿轮302旋转。锁定元件302a可以防止例如通过与齿条304啮合而被啮合的齿轮进一步运动。引导元件104收纳在由牵开器刀片118、120中的至少一个限定的开口306中。在所示实施例中,开口306位于后刀片120中。可选地或另外,开口306可以位于前刀片118中或支架114、116中的任一个或两者中。一旦将引导元件104插入到皮肤表面和肌肉组织中到达所需深度后,牵开器装置102就沿轴线A移动M,以便收纳开口306中的引导元件104。在图3B中最容易看到,大致D形引导元件104的平坦部朝向前方(即,朝向刀片118、120),使得牵开器装置102以相对的牵开器刀片118、120的相对表面彼此面对的状态在引导元件104上滑动。由于引导元件104位于在后刀片120的外表面中限定的开口306中,因此与刀片118、120位于扩张器两侧(或周围)的扩张器/牵开器系统不同,所有或基本上所有的刀片118、120位于引导元件104的相同侧上。图3A示出后牵开器刀片120的远端310以及沿刀片120的后表面定位的引导元件104。通常,牵开器刀片118、120的远端310不应被插入为低于引导元件104的末端204,但必要时可以进一步插入刀片118、120。
图3B还示出了牵开器锁定件302a,锁定件302a用于沿细长元件110固定后刀片支架116的位置,并且用于防止支架116沿细长元件110的无意运动,并由此防止刀片120沿细长元件110的无意运动。在这种情况下,如上述图1的内容所述,可以用驱动装置106在旋转齿轮302之前,松开牵开器锁定件302a。然后可以重新接合牵开器锁定件302a,以防止支架116的进一步运动。牵开器锁定件302a可以在齿条304自身处或位于细长元件110上的单独点处与细长元件110接合。每个支架114、116均包括诸如将在下文中进行描述的关节臂连接件308。一旦将牵开器刀片118、120插入到叉腰肌中,关节臂(未示出)便可连接至前刀片支架114或后刀片支架116。关节臂的另一端部连接至固定点(其通常位于手术台上),以在开口机构操作期间将牵开器装置102保持在位。当关节臂连接至前刀片支架114时,开口机构的致动将沿细长元件110朝手柄108移动后刀片120。当关节臂连接至后刀片支架116时,开口机构的致动将沿远离后刀片120的方向移动前刀片118。注意到,在该第二构造中,由于后刀片支架116连接至细长元件110,因此在操作开口机构时,前刀片118及其支架114、细长元件110和手柄108的每一个相对于固定的后刀片120进行移动。根据引导元件104的位置和手术通路的所需位置,操作者可以按需要使用关节臂连接件308。应当注意的是,通过用关节臂固定后刀片120的位置,能够降低或消除因横突上的压力而造成的压迫神经和/或限制血液流动的可能性。双叶片的平刀片设计有助于沿肌肉纤维的平面剖开叉腰肌,从而减少损伤。
还应当注意的是,刀片118、120中的任一个或两个可构造有任何数量的开口、通道或允许收纳电极探针的其它结构,使得在牵开器装置102插入期间、在刀片118、120打开期间或者在刀片118、120打开之后可以确定神经的位置。在脊柱手术领域内用于识别神经接近度和方向的此类探针的使用是公知的,因此在本文中对其将不作进一步的描述。此外,可以使用相同或其它的通道来保持用于照亮手术通路的光源。
图4示出牵开器系统100的局部侧视图。在一些实施例中,装置的牵开器刀片118、120可以配备有在手术期间用于特定用途的一个或多个垫片。可以使用加宽垫片来帮助确保肌肉组织不会侵占手术通路。可以使用加长垫片来有效地延长刀片118、120的穿透深度。可以使用椎间盘垫片来穿透脊柱的椎间盘间隙,以便进入椎间盘并且相对于脊柱将牵开器装置102的刀片118、120中的一个保持在位。如图4所示,可以将前刀片118和后刀片120略微分离,以便垫片插入器402进入前刀片118和后刀片120之间的间隙,垫片插入器402用于沿刀片将垫片404向下引导至适当的位置。图5A和图5B分别示出环绕式垫片502和内部密闭垫片504。在前刀片118和后刀片120中的任一个或两个上,可以将任意垫片122类型与牵开器装置102结合使用。一旦安装好垫片(数个垫片),在将刀片118、120打开至所需最大位置之前,可能需要移除克氏针和引导元件104中的任一个或两个。任一垫片502、504可以包括棘爪506,棘爪506与位于刀片120上的齿条508啮合,使得垫片502、504可以插入到所需深度并且保持在位。图5A和图5B所示的垫片502、504两个均为包括末端510的椎间盘垫片,末端510可以插入到椎间盘间隙中,以帮助固定刀片120在身体内部的位置。齿条508可以沿刀片118、120的内通道512的一部分延伸,或者可以沿内通道512的整个长度延伸。
图6A和图6B示出显示为处于打开位置的牵开器装置102的实施例,其在肌肉组织内建立了手术通路。当然,功能性的手术通路无需将刀片118、120打开至最大距离。如果需要或必要时,可以在刀片118、120之间放置框架612,以向刀片118、120的远端310提供支撑。例如,在周围组织施力使刀片端部310向内偏斜并由此使手术通路变窄的情况下,框架612的放置会是有用的。框架612可以经由位于刀片118、120中的任一个或两个中的内部通道512而保持在位,并且可以用插入元件610(例如,一对镊子)将框架612插入。图6A和图6B还示出位于前刀片118上的加长垫片614。
将参照图6A对刀片相对于细长元件110的运动进行描述。细长元件110限定操作轴线O。前刀片118和后刀片120的各自前端面均限定一个平面。为清楚起见,在图6A中仅示出前平面P。每个刀片118、120还均包括位于自身上的参考点606。参考点606可以位于刀片的相对表面602或后表面604上,或者参考点606可以是刀片上的限定点,例如重心、刀片末端、不透射线参考点等。此外,参考点606不必是一个确切的物理点。相反,在本文中使用这个术语是为了进一步限定刀片118、120的运动。不管怎样,在图6A中都在后刀片120的后表面604上标识预定参考点606。为实现这个实例的目的,将上述关节臂连接在前刀片支架114上。因此,在操作移动机构(齿轮302)时,后刀片120朝手柄108移动。就此而言,参考点606沿大致与操作轴线O平行并且大致与前刀片平面P垂直的移动轴线M移动。轴线和平面的这种构造以及刀片118、120的大致平坦构造有助于确保肌肉沿肌肉纤维平面分离,从而限制肌肉损伤。当然,如果关节臂连接至后刀片支架116,会发生前刀片118的类似运动。位于前刀片118上的参考点沿大致与操作轴线O平行并且大致与后刀片平面垂直的轴线移动。另外,如果关节臂连接至后刀片支架116,则可以将所示的椎间盘垫片504插入到椎间盘间隙中,以帮助进一步限制后刀片120的运动。通常,在安装有椎间盘垫片504的刀片118、120的运动期间,椎间盘垫片504的末端510不会延伸超过刀片端部310。
图7示出外科手术过程中使用牵开器系统的方法700。尽管本方法是在侧位入路脊柱手术的背景下描述的,但应当注意的是,本文所述的系统和方法事实上可以用在需要限制肌肉和/或神经损伤的任何手术中。在需要限制、控制肌肉纤维的分离的手术中,本文所述的牵开器系统特别有用。此外,尽管方法700在图7中示出为一系列的操作,但方法700完全也可以组合各操作或删除各操作。例如,在外科医生不选择使用神经监测的时候,可以省略关于神经监测和探针的操作。首先,将引导元件插入到目标区域(在这种情况下为叉腰肌)中(操作702)并且指向目标组织、器官或骨骼结构(在这种情况下为椎骨或椎间盘间隙)。在插入之前,可以将电极探针定位在引导元件中,并且与引导元件同时引入。然后可以给探针通电并且反馈监测(操作704)以检查神经反应(例如,在腰丛中)。在某些手术中,引导元件定位成在椎间盘前三分之一附近居中。通常可以根据需要或要求重新定位引导元件(操作706)直到找到适当的位置。可以重复进行电极监测(操作704)以确认该位置对于继续手术而言是安全的。在特定实施例中,向后以小增量重新定位引导元件(操作706)直到找到所需的位置并且神经监测表明该位置对于继续手术而言是安全的。在特定实施例中,引导元件定位为向后越远越好,使得后续的牵开器刀片运动只是前刀片远离后刀片的运动。
一旦确认适当位置,引导元件就可从一侧拖拽到另一侧(操作708),以便在叉腰肌中建立一个平面并且产生将插入牵开器装置的初始开口。之后,可以经由引导元件朝目标区域插入克氏针(操作710),并且相对于椎间盘间隙进行固定。在牵开器装置插入之前,可以从引导元件中移除监测探针(操作712)并且将探针插入到一个牵开器刀片中。这将允许在牵开器插入过程中进行神经反应的监测,上述过程在某些情况下可能是需要的。作为选择,还可以与牵开器一起使用第二监测探针。由于牵开器系统的独特构造,因此在引导元件的同一侧上,牵开器刀片可以插入到由先前的拖拽运动形成的开口中。如上所述,这有助于沿肌肉纤维分离叉腰肌。此外,通过在引导元件的同一侧上插入两个刀片,引导元件可以定位在所需手术部位的后侧上,同时后刀片也定位在所需手术部位的后侧上。
随着牵开器装置插入到初始手术开口中(操作714),引导元件插入到由牵开器刀片(通常为后牵开器刀片)限定的开口中。在将牵开器刀片插入到肌肉中一定距离之后,可以给探针通电并且监测反馈,以确认刀片相对于附近的神经的位置和/或接近度(操作716)。然而,也可以无需进行这种刀片位置监测操作716。不管怎样,一旦牵开器刀片到达其所需穿透深度,关节臂便可连接在后刀片支架和前刀片支架中的任一个上(操作718)。如上所述,与任一支架的连接将决定哪个支架会移动,并且相应地决定牵开器刀片的分离方向(即,向前或向后)。一旦固定在支架上,事实上可以以任何顺序采取一些不同的动作来完成外科手术。例如,可以略微张开刀片并且插入垫片(操作720)。垫片可以实现上述任何目的,并且在一个实施例中,垫片可以用于进一步锚固刀片之一的远端,以帮助相对于所需的手术部位固定刀片的位置。之后或作为选择,可以进一步张开刀片并且可以插入框架(操作722),以给牵开器刀片的远端提供刚性。再者,可以只移动单个刀片来进行这种刀片分离,而另一刀片通常保持在原位。在任何时候,可以进行所需的外科手术(操作724),诸如部分或全部的椎间盘摘除,并且根据外科医生的决定插入植入物。当然,可以在插入刀片之后的任何时候进行外科手术,并且可以根据需要在手术过程中的任何时候插入垫片和/或框架。例如,如果外科手术开始时没有插入框架,但在手术过程中手术通路开始收缩,则外科医生可以插入垫片和/或框架。此外,在手术过程中可以根据需要锁定或解锁锁定机构。
在牵开器系统的制造中使用的材料可以是那些通常用于手术设备的材料。还可以使用可经灭菌的不锈钢、钛和其它坚固耐用的金属。在手术过程中(例如在本文所述的脊柱外科手术中)期望或需要荧光检查的应用中,可能特别需要射线透射材料,在这些应用中,可以使用铝、阳极化铝和刚性聚合物。碳纤维增强聚合物可能特别有用,因为它们重量轻、极其坚固并且可以被灭菌。当然,也可以使用利用组合材料的牵开器系统。例如,刀片可以使用射线透射材料,而细长元件和支架可以使用比较便宜的不透射线材料。此外,在各离散位置处,射线透射材料可以浸渍有不透射线材料,使得在不妨碍总体可视性的情况下,系统的某些部分的位置在手术过程中可见。
尽管在本文中已经对被认为是本技术的示例性和优选的实施例进行了描述,但对于本领域技术人员而言显而易见的是,通过本文的教导可以对本技术作出其它修改。本文公开的制造的特定方法和几何结构实质上是示例性的,不应被视为是限制性的。因此,涵盖在本技术的精神和范围内的所有此类修改都能够得到所附权利要求书的保护。因此,希望得到专利证书保护的是由以下权利要求书及其所有等同内容限定和区分的技术。

Claims (20)

1.一种手术牵开器,包括:
细长元件,其限定操作轴线;
第一刀片,其固定在所述细长元件上并且包括第一刀片端面;
第二刀片,其限定开口,其中,所述第二刀片可移动地固定在所述细长元件上,所述第二刀片限定位于所述第二刀片上的参考点,并且所述第二刀片的运动沿与所述操作轴线平行并且与所述刀片端面垂直的直线方向移动所述参考点;以及
引导元件,其可拆卸地收纳在所述开口中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的手术牵开器,还包括用于相对于所述细长元件移动所述第二刀片的装置。
3.根据权利要求2所述的手术牵开器,其中,所述装置包括齿轮齿条机构、丝杠螺母机构和线性导轨滑动机构中的至少一个。
4.根据权利要求3所述的手术牵开器,还包括锁定元件。
5.根据权利要求1所述的手术牵开器,其中,所述第二刀片包括定位为与所述第一刀片端面相对的第二刀片前端面和第二刀片后端面,并且当所述引导元件收纳在所述开口中时,所述引导元件接触所述第二刀片后端面。
6.根据权利要求1所述的手术牵开器,其中,所述引导元件包括解剖器。
7.根据权利要求1所述的手术牵开器,还包括将所述第一刀片和所述第二刀片中的至少一个固定在所述细长元件上的支架。
8.根据权利要求7所述的手术牵开器,其中,所述支架限定尺寸设计为可拆卸地收纳引导元件的支架开口。
9.根据权利要求1所述的手术牵开器,其中,所述第一刀片和所述第二刀片中的至少一个限定通道。
10.根据权利要求9所述的手术牵开器,其中,所述通道构造为至少部分收纳垫片、克氏针、光源、探针和支持框架中的至少一个。
11.根据权利要求1所述的手术牵开器,其中,所述支架包括用于将所述支架连接在关节臂上的连接元件。
12.一种使用侧位入路进行脊柱手术的方法,所述方法包括:
将引导元件插入到目标手术部位上方的第一位置中;
将所述引导元件重新定位到所述目标手术部位上方的第二位置中,所述第二位置比所述第一位置更靠后;
沿所述引导元件插入牵开器装置,所述牵开器装置具有第一牵开器刀片和第二牵开器刀片,并且所述第一牵开器刀片和所述第二牵开器刀片两者均仅沿所述引导元件的第一侧插入;
将第一牵开器刀片锚固在所述目标手术部位上;
通过以远离所述第一牵开器刀片的方式移动所述第二牵开器刀片,以分离所述第一牵开器刀片和所述第二牵开器刀片;以及
锁定所述第一牵开器刀片和所述第二牵开器刀片,以保持进入所述目标手术部位的开放入口。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,还包括将电极插入到所述引导元件中,以确定神经位置和神经接近度中的至少一个。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法,还包括将电极插入到所述牵开器装置中,以确定神经位置和神经接近度中的至少一个。
15.根据权利要求12所述的方法,还包括在进行分离操作之前将关节臂附接在所述第一刀片上。
16.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中,所述牵开器装置还包括细长臂,所述细长臂与所述第一牵开器刀片和所述第二牵开器刀片联接,并且所述第一牵开器刀片与所述第二牵开器刀片的所述分离包括在远离所述第一牵开器刀片的方向上沿所述细长臂移动所述第二牵开器刀片。
17.根据权利要求12所述的方法,所述牵开器装置还包括:
细长臂;以及
第一支架和第二支架,所述第一支架和所述第二支架可移动地联接至所述细长臂;
其中,所述第一支架联接至所述第一牵开器刀片,并且所述第二支架联接至所述第二牵开器刀片。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中,所述第一牵开器刀片与所述第二牵开器刀片的所述分离包括使用驱动器械分离所述第一支架和所述第二支架。
19.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中,所述锚固步骤还包括将垫片插入到设置在所述第一牵开器刀片与所述第二牵开器刀片中的至少一个中的通道中。
20.根据权利要求12所述的方法,还包括通过所述第一牵开器刀片与所述第二牵开器刀片之间的开放入口将植入物插入到目标部位中。
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