CN103925108A - Star-shaped heat energy power device and working method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a star-shaped thermal energy power device and its working method, including a heat collector, a heat preservation pipe, a gasification reactor, an atomizer, a cylinder, a piston, a piston ring, an automatic exhaust valve, a cooler, and a liquid storage tank , pressure valve, connecting rod, crankshaft, insulation layer, rotating shaft and casing; the casing is provided with cylinders arranged in a star shape around the crankshaft, and the piston is connected to the crankshaft through the connecting rod. The star structure of the present invention has the advantages of high rigidity, light weight, good reliability, maintainability and survivability, great potential for power increase, and high speed; the diameter of the cylinder can be enlarged to increase the displacement and power; the working medium can be recycled and pollution-free ; Thermal energy conversion efficiency 65%-98%; can replace conventional energy consumption, high economic benefits, energy saving and environmental protection, low noise.

Description

A kind of star thermal energy power equipment and method for doing work thereof

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of thermal power equipment, in particular to a power machine that converts heat energy such as solar energy, geothermal heat, high-temperature gas generated by combustible combustion, internal combustion engine heat or exhaust gas, and high-temperature gas discharged from factories into kinetic energy.

Background technique

Traditional power equipment includes steam engine, internal combustion engine and external combustion engine.

Steam engine: Inseparable from the boiler, the whole device is bulky and bulky; the pressure and temperature of the fresh steam cannot be too high, the exhaust pressure cannot be too low, and the thermal efficiency is difficult to improve; it is a reciprocating machine, and the inertia limits the increase of the speed; The working process is discontinuous, and the flow of steam is limited, which limits the improvement of power.

Internal combustion engine: complex structure, high requirements on fuel, strict requirements on fuel cleanliness, and environmental pollution.

External combustion engine, such as Stirling engine is one of them. Compared with internal combustion engine, Stirling engine has the following advantages:

Applicable to various energy sources, whether it is liquid, gaseous or solid fuel, when the heat transfer system (such as heat pipe) is used for indirect heating, almost any high-temperature heat source (solar radioactive isotope and nuclear reaction, etc.) can be used, and the engine itself ( Other than the heater) no changes are required. At the same time, the Stirling engine does not require a compressor to boost pressure, and the general fan can be used to meet the requirements, and the fuel is allowed to have a high impurity content; the Stirling engine has a small unit capacity, and the unit capacity ranges from 20-50kw, and the system can be increased or decreased according to local conditions. Capacity; simple structure, 40% fewer parts than internal combustion engines, large room for price reduction; low maintenance costs.

When the Stirling engine is running, because the fuel burns continuously in the combustion chamber outside the cylinder, the working medium independent of the gas absorbs heat through the heater and acts externally according to the Stirling cycle, thus avoiding the knocking work and The intermittent combustion process enables high efficiency, low noise and low emission operation. High efficiency: the total energy efficiency reaches over 80%; low noise: the bare metal noise is below 68dBA at a distance of 1 meter; low emission: the exhaust emission meets the Euro 5 standard.

Since the working fluid does not burn, the external combustion engine avoids the knocking work problem of the traditional internal combustion engine, thereby achieving high efficiency, low noise, low pollution and low operating cost. The external combustion engine can burn various combustible gases, such as: natural gas, biogas, petroleum gas, hydrogen, coal gas, etc., can also burn liquid fuels such as diesel oil and liquefied petroleum gas, can also burn wood, and utilize solar energy. As long as the thermal cavity reaches 700°C, the equipment can work and run. The lower the ambient temperature, the higher the power generation efficiency. The biggest advantage of the external combustion engine is that the output and efficiency are not affected by the altitude, which is very suitable for use in high altitude areas.

At the same time, the main problems and shortcomings of the Stirling engine are: high manufacturing cost, difficult working fluid sealing technology, problems with the reliability and life of the seal, high material cost, complicated power adjustment and control system, and relatively Bulky; the cost of expansion chamber, compression chamber, heater, cooling chamber, regenerator, etc. is high, and the heat loss is 2-3 times that of an internal combustion engine, etc.

The organic Rankine cycle system includes pumps, evaporators, expanders, generators, condensers, etc. The heat collector absorbs solar radiation, the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the heat collector rises, and the heat exchange medium transfers heat to the organic working fluid through the evaporator. The organic working medium is heated at constant pressure in the evaporator, and the high-pressure gaseous organic working medium enters the expander to expand and do work, driving the generator to generate electricity; the organic working medium discharged from the tail of the expander enters the condenser for constant pressure condensation, and the organic working medium at the outlet of the condenser After being pressurized by the pump, the mass enters the evaporator to complete a power generation cycle.

The conversion efficiency of the organic Rankine cycle system is not high, the volume is large, and the expansion machine with a complex structure needs to be used to do work.

A radial engine is a piston engine in which the cylinders are arranged in a star shape around the crankshaft. The pistons are connected to the crankshaft through a main connecting rod. The connecting rod connected to the top piston is the main connecting rod; the connecting rods of the other pistons The rods are articulated connecting rods, which are connected to the ring at the central position of the main connecting rod through pin holes.

The radial engine has the advantages of high rigidity, light weight, good reliability, maintainability and survivability, great potential for power growth, and high speed. The disadvantages are high manufacturing costs, high requirements for processing technology, and high requirements for maintenance.

Contents of the invention

The invention overcomes the problems of high cost of the expansion chamber, compression chamber, heater, cooling chamber, regenerator, etc. in the external combustion engine, and the heat loss is 2-3 times that of the internal combustion engine; it overcomes the need for expansion in the organic Rankine cycle system Engine or steam turbine, the technical problem of high manufacturing cost; overcomes the problems of complex structure and high manufacturing cost of internal combustion radial engine. The star thermal power equipment proposed by the invention adopts the existing radial engine structure and combines the advantages of the Stirling engine, the organic Rankine cycle system and the internal combustion engine radial engine. The gasification reactor is heated after the heat energy is absorbed by the heat collector, so that the high-temperature gasification of the working fluid expands and pushes the piston to generate kinetic energy to do work. the

The invention provides a star-shaped thermal energy power device with high thermal energy conversion efficiency, recyclable working fluid, adjustable output power by adjusting the quantity of working fluid within the maximum power range, adjustable output power by adjusting temperature, and stable machine output power. .

The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a star-shaped thermal energy power equipment, including a heat collector, a heat preservation pipe, a gasification reactor, an atomizer, a cylinder, a piston, a piston ring, an automatic exhaust valve, a cooler, a liquid storage Tank, pressure valve, connecting rod, crankshaft, insulation layer, rotating shaft and casing; the casing is provided with cylinders arranged in a star shape around the crankshaft, and the pistons are connected to the crankshaft through connecting rods. There are piston rings; the crankshaft is connected to the rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is fixed on the casing through bearings; the heat collector is connected to the gasification reactor through the insulation pipe, and the gasification reactor is equipped with an atomizer at the inlet end, and the atomizer is connected through a pipeline Pressure valve, the pressure valve is connected to the liquid storage tank through the pipeline; the gasification reactor is set at the top dead center of the cylinder; the bottom dead center of the cylinder is equipped with an automatic exhaust valve, and the automatic exhaust valve is connected to the cooler through the pipeline Connect to the liquid storage tank; the outer layer of the cylinder is provided with an insulation layer.

Further, the heat collector can absorb heat energy such as solar energy, geothermal heat, high-temperature gas generated by combustible combustion, internal combustion engine exhaust, and high-temperature gas discharged from factories.

Further, the gasification reactor includes a pressure shell, a gasification heat conduction sheet, an air hole, and an atomizer. The gasification heat conduction sheet is arranged on the pressure shell, and an array of air holes is arranged on the gasification heat conduction sheet, and an atomizer is provided at the inlet end of the pressure shell. .

Further, the pressure valve is associated with the crankshaft, and the pressure valve is opened and closed five times every time a cycle is completed.

The above-mentioned star-shaped thermal power equipment works as follows: the cylinders are arranged in a star-shaped structure, and the heat collector absorbs heat energy such as solar energy, geothermal heat, high-temperature gas generated by combustible combustion, internal combustion engine heat or exhaust gas, and high-temperature gas discharged from factories directly or through pipelines. Transfer heat to the gasification reactor, and there is a flowing heat-conducting medium in the pipeline; the liquid working medium is injected into the atomizer through the pressure valve for atomization, and the gasification reactor expands the atomized working medium by gasification; the piston reaches the cylinder At the bottom dead center, the working gas is discharged through the automatic exhaust valve, and the discharged gaseous working medium is cooled by the cooler. At this time, the other piston reaches the top dead center of the cylinder, and the pressure valve of this pair of cylinders is opened, and the liquid working medium passes through The carburetor is injected into the gasification reactor, and the gasification expands to push the piston to do work; the pressure valve opens and closes in turn, and the pistons in the cylinder take turns to do work to drive the rotating shaft to rotate, and the rotating shaft drives the flywheel to output kinetic energy.

The advantages of the present invention are: 1) star structure has high rigidity and light weight; 2) good reliability, maintainability and survivability, great power growth potential and high speed; 3) working fluid is recycled and pollution-free; 4 ) The thermal energy conversion efficiency is 65%-98%; 5) The cylinder capacity of the machine can be adjusted according to the required power to adjust the output power; 6) The liquid injection can be adjusted to adjust the output power within the maximum power range; 7) The working medium can be gasified to do work There is no detonation in the whole process; 8) It can replace conventional energy consumption, with high economic benefits, energy saving and environmental protection, and low noise. the

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of gasification reactor of the present invention;

In the figure: 1 is heat collector; 2 is heat preservation pipe; 3 is gasification reactor; 4 is atomizer; 5 is cylinder; 6 is piston; 7 is piston ring; 8 is automatic exhaust valve; 9 is cooling 10 is a liquid storage tank; 11 is a pressure valve; 12 is a connecting rod; 13 is a crankshaft; 14 is an insulation layer; 15 is a rotating shaft; 16 is a casing; 17 is a pressure shell; For stomata.

Detailed ways

With reference to accompanying drawing, embodiment of the present invention is:

Example 1

A star-shaped heat energy power equipment, including heat collector 1, heat preservation pipe 2, gasification reactor 3, atomizer 4, cylinder 5, piston 6, piston ring 7, automatic exhaust valve 8, cooler 9, storage Liquid tank 10, pressure valve 11, connecting rod 12, crankshaft 13, insulating layer 14, rotating shaft 15 and casing 16; On the crankshaft 13, the piston 6 is arranged in the cylinder 5, and the piston ring 7 is arranged on the piston 6; Gasification reactor 3, atomizer 4 is arranged at the inlet end of gasification reactor 3, atomizer 4 is connected to pressure valve 11 through pipeline, and pressure valve 11 is connected to liquid storage tank 10 through pipeline; Gasification reactor 3 is arranged on The top dead center of the cylinder 5; the bottom dead center of the cylinder 5 is provided with an automatic exhaust valve 8, the automatic exhaust valve 8 is connected to the cooler 9 through a pipeline, and the cooler 9 is connected to the liquid storage tank 10 through a pipeline; the outer layer of the cylinder 5 is provided with Insulation layer 14.

Example 2

As in the star-shaped thermal power equipment in Example 1, the gasification reactor 3 includes a pressure shell 17, a gasification heat conducting sheet 18, an air hole 19, and an atomizer 4, and the gasification heat conducting sheet 18 is arranged on the pressure shell 17, Air holes 19 are arranged in an array on the gasification heat conducting sheet 18, and an atomizer 4 is provided at the inlet end of the pressure shell 17; the pressure valve 11 is associated with the crankshaft 13, and the pressure valve is opened and closed five times every time a cycle is completed; Take a cylinder structure as an example, five cylinders form a star structure, and the five cylinders do work in turn; the number of cylinder groups of a star engine is an odd number, there are 5 cylinders, 7 cylinders, and 9 cylinders. In order to increase power, it can also be multi-row. Stacking, multiple cylinder groups are arranged in several rows, up to 4 rows × 7 cylinders, reaching 28 cylinders.

Claims (5)

1. A star-shaped heat energy power equipment, including heat collector (1), heat preservation pipe (2), gasification reactor (3), atomizer (4), cylinder (5), piston (6), piston Ring (7), automatic exhaust valve (8), cooler (9), liquid storage tank (10), pressure valve (11), connecting rod (12), crankshaft (13), insulation layer (14), rotating shaft (15) and casing (16); the casing (16) is provided with cylinders (5) arranged in a star shape around the crankshaft (13), the piston (6) is connected to the crankshaft (13) through the connecting rod (12), Pistons (6) are respectively arranged in the cylinder (5), and piston rings (7) are arranged on the pistons (6); the crankshaft (13) is connected to the rotating shaft (15), and the rotating shaft (15) is fixed on the casing (16) through bearings. ); the heat collector (1) is connected to the gasification reactor (3) through the insulation pipe (2), and the gasification reactor (3) is equipped with an atomizer (4) at the inlet end, and the atomizer (4) passes through The pipeline is connected to the pressure valve (11), and the pressure valve (11) is connected to the liquid storage tank (10) through the pipeline; the gasification reactor (3) is set at the top dead center of the cylinder (5); the bottom dead center of the cylinder (5) is set There is an automatic exhaust valve (8), and the automatic exhaust valve (8) is connected to the cooler (9) through a pipeline, and the cooler (9) is connected to the liquid storage tank (10) through a pipeline; the outer layer of the cylinder (5) is provided with an insulation layer (14). 2. The star-shaped thermal power equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat collector (1) can absorb solar energy, geothermal heat, high-temperature gas generated by combustible combustion, internal combustion engine exhaust, and high-temperature gas discharged from factories. 3. The star-shaped thermal power equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, the gasification reactor (3) includes a pressure shell (17), a gasification heat conducting sheet (18), an air hole (19), an atomizer (4), the gasification heat conduction sheet (18) is arranged on the pressure shell (17), the gasification heat conduction sheet (18) is provided with an array of air holes (19), and the air inlet end of the pressure shell (17) is provided with an atomizer ( 4). 4. The star-shaped thermal power device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the pressure valve (11) is associated with the crankshaft (13), and the pressure valve is opened and closed five times every time a cycle is completed. 5. The method for doing work of the star-shaped thermal energy power equipment as claimed in any one of claims 1-4 is: the cylinders are arranged in a star-shaped structure, and the heat collector absorbs solar energy, geothermal heat, high-temperature gas produced by combustible combustion, internal combustion engine heat energy or exhaust gas The thermal energy such as high-temperature gas discharged from the factory directly or through the pipeline transfers heat to the gasification reactor, and the pipeline is equipped with a flowing heat-conducting medium; the liquid working medium is injected into the atomizer through the pressure valve for atomization, and the gasification reactor The converted working medium is gasified and expanded; when the piston reaches the bottom dead center of the cylinder, the working gas is discharged through the automatic exhaust valve, and the discharged gaseous working medium is cooled by the cooler. At this time, the other piston reaches the top dead center of the cylinder. The pressure valve of the cylinder is opened, and the liquid working medium is injected into the gasification reactor through the atomizer to gasify and expand to push the piston to do work; the pressure valve is opened and closed in turn, and the piston in the cylinder takes turns to do work to drive the rotating shaft to rotate, and the rotating shaft drives the flywheel. Kinetic output.