CN103900392A - Method and system for carrying out waste heat utilization, efficient filtration and unified purification on electric furnace flue gas - Google Patents
Method and system for carrying out waste heat utilization, efficient filtration and unified purification on electric furnace flue gas Download PDFInfo
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
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- KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxin Chemical compound O1C=COC=C1 KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 17
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种电炉烟气余热利用与高效过滤联合净化的方法和系统，包括通过管路依次联通的电炉、烟气处理装置、除尘装置、主风机和烟囱，所述烟气处理装置包括高温烟气处理段和中低温烟气处理段，所述高温烟气处理段处理后的烟气被引入中低温烟气处理段中进行处理，所述高温烟气处理段处理后的烟气温度不低于450℃，所述中低温烟气处理段处理后的烟气温度不高于250℃；本发明通过将电炉烟气进行温度分区处理，在高温区因为超过二噁英再合成的上限温度450℃，因而不会有二噁英再合成，在中低温区可以快速使烟气降温至二噁英再合成的下限温度250℃以下，因而不会有二噁英再合成，因此本发明不但能够利用烟气余热还能抑制二噁英的再合成，从而降低二噁英的排放量。
The invention discloses a method and system for combined purification of electric furnace flue gas waste heat utilization and high-efficiency filtration. A high-temperature flue gas treatment section and a medium-low temperature flue gas treatment section, the flue gas treated in the high-temperature flue gas treatment section is introduced into the medium-low temperature flue gas treatment section for treatment, and the temperature of the flue gas treated in the high-temperature flue gas treatment section is Not lower than 450°C, and the temperature of the flue gas after treatment in the middle and low temperature flue gas treatment section is not higher than 250°C; the present invention treats the electric furnace flue gas in different temperature zones, because the upper limit of dioxin resynthesis is exceeded in the high temperature area The temperature is 450°C, so there will be no resynthesis of dioxins, and the flue gas can be quickly cooled to below the lower limit temperature of 250°C for dioxins resynthesis in the medium and low temperature zone, so there will be no resynthesis of dioxins. Therefore, the present invention Not only can the waste heat of flue gas be used, but also the resynthesis of dioxins can be inhibited, thereby reducing the emission of dioxins.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于电炉烟气余热利用与净化设备领域，具体涉及一种电炉烟气余热利用与高效过滤联合净化的方法和系统。 The invention belongs to the field of electric furnace flue gas waste heat utilization and purification equipment, and in particular relates to a method and system for combined purification of electric furnace flue gas waste heat utilization and high-efficiency filtration. the
背景技术 Background technique
现有的电炉烟气二噁英减排技术大体分为源头生成量减排技术和已生成二噁英减排技术两大类。源头生成量减排技术即在源头上消除二噁英生成条件，可以通过入炉原料分选、加料工艺过程控制、烟气喷水急冷、烟气喷入碱性抑制剂等手段来实现，预计二噁英可减排80%～95%。已生成二噁英减排技术可分为高效过滤技术、活性炭吸附技术、催化过滤Remedia技术及其他技术四大类。高效过滤技术是利用二噁英低温条件下绝大部分是以固态形式吸附在烟尘表面的特性，通过高效除尘器来减少二噁英排放量。活性炭吸附技术分为两种工艺，一种工艺是在布袋除尘器前喷入活性炭粉末，吸附烟气中的二噁英，然后通过布袋除尘器去除，达到降低二噁英排放的目的。该方法烟气中气相二噁英同活性炭的接触和被吸附的机会少，且布袋除尘器清灰周期短，活性炭在布袋上停留时间短，活性炭利用率低，二噁英去除效果有限；另一种工艺是设置固定床活性炭吸附装置，此技术投资成本较高，对于电炉烟气如设计不合理还有爆炸燃烧的可能性。催化过滤Remedia技术由美国戈尔公司首创，将表面过滤技术同催化过滤技术集成在滤袋上，能够把二噁英在低温状态下（180～260℃）通过催化反应彻底分解成CO、H2O和HCl，二噁英去除彻底且不存在二次污染。该技术较适合电炉烟气，而且适合现有布袋除尘器的技术改造，只需更换滤袋并可满足二噁英的排放要求。但滤袋价格昂贵，催化剂寿命不高，滤袋更换频繁，运行成本相对较高。对已生成二噁英烟气的其他净化手段，其技术核心是催化+分解技术，如选择催化反应技术（SCR）、电子束分解技术、光催化技术等，这些技术目前大多数还处于研发阶段，普遍存在投资成本较高，装置庞大复杂、运行寿命低等问题，大规模的工业应用尚不成熟。烟气急冷技术存在运行成本高、耗水、烟气余热没有回收利用等缺点，减排但不节能。目前虽然有先通过余热锅炉回收烟气余热，再通过布袋除尘器净化的处理工艺，但该处理工艺普遍没有考虑二噁英的减排。 Existing electric furnace flue gas dioxin emission reduction technologies can be roughly divided into two categories: source generated dioxin emission reduction technologies and generated dioxin emission reduction technologies. Source emission reduction technology is to eliminate the conditions for dioxin formation at the source, which can be achieved by means of sorting raw materials into the furnace, process control of feeding process, rapid cooling of flue gas with water, and spraying of flue gas with alkaline inhibitors. Dioxins can be reduced by 80% to 95%. The generated dioxin emission reduction technologies can be divided into four categories: high-efficiency filtration technology, activated carbon adsorption technology, catalytic filtration Remedia technology and other technologies. High-efficiency filtration technology utilizes the characteristic that most of dioxins are adsorbed on the surface of soot in solid form under low temperature conditions, and reduces dioxin emissions through high-efficiency dust collectors. Activated carbon adsorption technology is divided into two processes. One process is to spray activated carbon powder in front of the bag filter to absorb dioxins in the flue gas, and then remove them through the bag filter to reduce dioxin emissions. In this method, the gas phase dioxins in the flue gas have less chance of contacting and being adsorbed by the activated carbon, and the dust cleaning cycle of the bag filter is short, the residence time of the activated carbon on the bag is short, the utilization rate of the activated carbon is low, and the dioxin removal effect is limited; One technique is to set up a fixed-bed activated carbon adsorption device. The investment cost of this technique is relatively high, and there is a possibility of explosive combustion for the flue gas of the electric furnace if the design is unreasonable. The Catalytic Filtration Remedia technology was pioneered by Gore in the United States. It integrates surface filtration technology and catalytic filtration technology on the filter bag, and can completely decompose dioxins into CO, H2O and HCl and dioxin are completely removed without secondary pollution. This technology is more suitable for electric furnace flue gas, and is suitable for the technical transformation of the existing bag filter. It only needs to replace the filter bag and can meet the emission requirements of dioxin. However, the filter bag is expensive, the life of the catalyst is not long, the replacement of the filter bag is frequent, and the operating cost is relatively high. For other purification methods that have generated dioxin fumes, the core technology is catalysis + decomposition technology, such as selective catalytic reaction technology (SCR), electron beam decomposition technology, photocatalytic technology, etc. Most of these technologies are still in the research and development stage However, there are generally problems such as high investment costs, large and complex devices, and low operating life, and large-scale industrial applications are still immature. Flue gas quenching technology has disadvantages such as high operating cost, water consumption, and waste heat of flue gas that is not recycled and utilized. It reduces emissions but does not save energy. At present, although there is a treatment process that first recovers the waste heat of the flue gas through the waste heat boiler, and then purifies it through the bag filter, this treatment process generally does not consider the reduction of dioxin emissions. the
发明内容 Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，本发明的目的是提供一种电炉烟气余热利用与高效过滤联合净化的方法和系 统，不但能够利用电炉烟气余热并且能够抑制二噁英的再合成，从而显著降低二噁英的排放。 In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for combined purification of electric furnace flue gas waste heat utilization and high-efficiency filtration, which can not only utilize electric furnace flue gas waste heat but also inhibit the resynthesis of dioxins, thereby significantly reducing dioxins UK emissions. the
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的： The purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
一种电炉烟气余热利用与高效过滤联合净化的方法，包括如下步骤： A method for combined purification of electric furnace flue gas waste heat utilization and high-efficiency filtration, comprising the following steps:
第一步：将电炉烟气以500℃进行温度分区； Step 1: Divide the electric furnace flue gas into temperature zones at 500°C;
第二步：将500℃以上的高温烟气引入高压余热锅炉中进行烟气热量回收； Step 2: Introduce the high-temperature flue gas above 500°C into the high-pressure waste heat boiler for flue gas heat recovery;
第三步：将500℃以下中、低温段烟气引入中压热管式余热锅炉进行烟气热量回收或者采用喷雾冷却的方式对500℃以下中、低温段烟气进行冷却； Step 3: Introduce the flue gas from the medium and low temperature section below 500°C into the medium pressure heat pipe waste heat boiler for flue gas heat recovery or use spray cooling to cool the flue gas from the medium and low temperature section below 500°C;
第四步：将经过第三步处理后的烟气引入除尘装置中进行净化。 The fourth step: introduce the flue gas treated in the third step into the dust removal device for purification. the
一种电炉烟气余热利用与高效过滤联合净化的系统，包括通过管路依次联通的电炉、烟气处理装置、除尘装置、主风机和烟囱，所述烟气处理装置包括高温烟气处理段和中低温烟气处理段，所述高温烟气处理段处理后的烟气被引入中低温烟气处理段中进行处理，所述高温烟气处理段处理后的烟气温度不低于450℃，所述中低温烟气处理段处理后的烟气温度不高于250℃； A system for combined purification of electric furnace flue gas waste heat utilization and high-efficiency filtration, including an electric furnace, a flue gas treatment device, a dust removal device, a main fan, and a chimney connected in sequence through pipelines. The flue gas treatment device includes a high-temperature flue gas treatment section and Medium and low temperature flue gas treatment section, the flue gas treated in the high temperature flue gas treatment section is introduced into the medium and low temperature flue gas treatment section for treatment, the temperature of the flue gas treated in the high temperature flue gas treatment section is not lower than 450°C, The temperature of the flue gas treated by the medium and low temperature flue gas treatment section is not higher than 250°C;
进一步，所述高温烟气处理段采用高压余热锅炉对烟气进行余热回收； Further, the high-temperature flue gas treatment section uses a high-pressure waste heat boiler to recover waste heat from the flue gas;
进一步，所述高温烟气处理段处理后的烟气温度为500℃； Further, the temperature of the flue gas after the treatment in the high-temperature flue gas treatment section is 500°C;
进一步，所述中低温烟气处理段采用中压热管式余热锅炉对中低温烟气进行余热回收或者采用喷雾冷却的方式对中低温烟气进行冷却； Further, the medium and low temperature flue gas treatment section uses a medium pressure heat pipe waste heat boiler to recover waste heat from the medium and low temperature flue gas or uses spray cooling to cool the medium and low temperature flue gas;
进一步，所述除尘装置采用布袋除尘器，所述布袋除尘器采用高效覆膜滤料并进行二次烟气混风处理。 Further, the dust removal device adopts a bag filter, and the bag filter uses a high-efficiency film-coated filter material and performs secondary flue gas mixed air treatment. the
本发明的有益效果是：本发明通过将电炉烟气进行温度分区处理，在高温区因为超过二噁英再合成的上限温度450℃，因而不会有二噁英再合成，在中低温区可以快速使烟气降温至二噁英再合成的下限温度250℃以下，因而也不会有二噁英再合成，因此本发明不但能够利用烟气余热还能抑制二噁英的再合成，从而降低二噁英的排放量。 The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention treats the flue gas of the electric furnace in different temperature zones. In the high temperature zone, because the upper limit temperature of dioxin resynthesis is 450°C, there will be no dioxin resynthesis. In the medium and low temperature zone, it can Rapidly cool the flue gas to the lower limit temperature of dioxin resynthesis below 250°C, so there will be no resynthesis of dioxins. Therefore, the present invention can not only utilize the waste heat of flue gas but also inhibit the resynthesis of dioxins, thereby reducing Dioxin emissions. the
本发明的其他优点、目标和特征在某种程度上将在随后的说明书中进行阐述，并且在某种程度上，基于对下文的考察研究对本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的，或者可以从本发明的实践中得到教导。本发明的目标和其他优点可以通过下面的说明书来实现和获得。 Other advantages, objects and features of the present invention will be set forth in the following description to some extent, and to some extent, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the investigation and research below, or can be obtained from Taught in the practice of the present invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the following specification. the
附图说明 Description of drawings
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步的详细描述，其中： In order to make the purpose of the present invention, technical solutions and advantages clearer, the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, wherein:
图1为本发明实施例一的结构示意图； Fig. 1 is the structural representation of embodiment one of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例二的结构示意图。
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
以下将参照附图，对本发明的优选实施例进行详细的描述。应当理解，优选实施例仅为了说明本发明，而不是为了限制本发明的保护范围。 Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, but not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention. the
如图1所示，实施例一的电炉烟气余热利用与高效过滤联合净化的系统，包括通过管路依次联通的电炉1、烟气处理装置2、除尘装置3、主风机4和烟囱5，所述烟气处理装置包括高温烟气处理段21和中低温烟气处理段22，所述高温烟气处理段处理后的烟气被引入中低温烟气处理段中进行处理，所述高温烟气处理段处理后的烟气温度不低于450℃，所述中低温烟气处理段处理后的烟气温度不高于250℃。
As shown in Fig. 1 , the combined purification system of electric furnace flue gas waste heat utilization and high-efficiency filtration in Embodiment 1 includes electric furnace 1, flue
本实施例中，所述高温烟气处理段采用高压余热锅炉对烟气进行余热回收，所述高温烟气处理段处理后的烟气温度设定为500℃；所述中低温烟气处理段采用中压热管式余热锅炉对中低温烟气进行余热回收，其出口烟气设定为210℃。现有的高压余热锅炉、中压热管式余热锅炉均是成熟技术，根据具体烟气参数对设备进行正确选型就能满足上升参数设定的要求。 In this embodiment, the high-temperature flue gas treatment section uses a high-pressure waste heat boiler to recover waste heat from the flue gas, and the temperature of the flue gas after treatment in the high-temperature flue gas treatment section is set at 500°C; the medium-low temperature flue gas treatment section A medium-pressure heat pipe waste heat boiler is used to recover waste heat from the medium and low temperature flue gas, and the outlet flue gas is set at 210°C. Existing high-pressure waste heat boilers and medium-pressure heat pipe waste heat boilers are all mature technologies, and the correct selection of equipment according to specific flue gas parameters can meet the requirements of rising parameter settings. the
本实施例中，500℃以上的高温烟气采用高压余热锅炉来回收烟气热量，此温度区间传热温差大，且可以有效利用烟气辐射热，综合传热效率高；500℃以下中、低温段采用中压热管式余热锅炉回收低温段烟气热量，充分利用热管式余热锅炉相变介质的快速热传递性质，同样可以保持很高的传热效率。因此，两种技术的集成使得较少的锅炉受热面积便可将温度快速降至210℃左右。本实施例的优点在于既能有效减少二噁英的再合成，又可回收几乎全部可利用的烟气废热。 In this embodiment, high-temperature waste heat boilers are used to recover flue gas heat for high-temperature flue gas above 500°C. In this temperature range, the heat transfer temperature difference is large, and the radiant heat of flue gas can be effectively used, and the comprehensive heat transfer efficiency is high; The low-temperature section adopts a medium-pressure heat pipe waste heat boiler to recover the heat of the flue gas in the low-temperature section, and makes full use of the rapid heat transfer properties of the phase change medium of the heat pipe waste heat boiler, which can also maintain a high heat transfer efficiency. Therefore, the integration of the two technologies enables the temperature to drop to about 210°C quickly with less heating area of the boiler. The advantage of this embodiment is that it can not only effectively reduce the resynthesis of dioxins, but also recover almost all available flue gas waste heat. the
本实施例中，烟气最后再通过布袋除尘器进行净化，布袋除尘器采用高效覆膜滤料，采用较低的过滤风速，能够保证烟气出口颗粒物浓度在10mg/m3以下并最大限度的减少二噁英的排放，较适合50t以上一次烟气量较大的电炉。 In this embodiment, the flue gas is finally purified by the bag filter, which uses high-efficiency film-coated filter material and a low filtering wind speed, which can ensure that the concentration of particulate matter at the flue gas outlet is below 10mg/ m3 and maximize the To reduce the emission of dioxins, it is more suitable for electric furnaces with a large flue gas volume of more than 50 tons.
图2为本发明实施例二的电炉烟气余热利用与高效过滤联合净化的系统，实施例二的系统与实施例一的区别在于中低温烟气处理段采用双介质高压喷枪6对中低温烟气进行喷雾冷却。
Fig. 2 is a system for combined purification of electric furnace flue gas waste heat utilization and high-efficiency filtration in
本实施例中，采用双介质高压喷枪喷雾对烟气进行急冷，通过进出口烟气温度、烟气流量、喷水量三冲量闭环自动控制技术来实现对喷水量的精确调节，使烟气温度降到200℃以下的同时保证烟气在烟气露点以上，确保后续布袋除尘器不糊袋，运行安全。 In this embodiment, dual-medium high-pressure spray gun spray is used to quench the flue gas, and the three-impulse closed-loop automatic control technology of inlet and outlet flue gas temperature, flue gas flow rate, and water spray volume is used to realize precise adjustment of the water spray volume, so that the flue gas When the temperature drops below 200°C, ensure that the flue gas is above the dew point of the flue gas to ensure that the subsequent bag filter does not stick to the bag and operates safely. the
本实施例中的喷嘴设在余热锅炉尾部，通过蒸发冷却使烟气快速冷却至200℃以下，此小部分烟气热量不回收，可减少余热锅炉投资，并能显著降低二噁英再合成风险；同时，每标方烟气喷水量也大幅度减少，粗略计算约为传统的烟气急冷耗水量的1/6，经济、环境综合效益明显。本实施例的优点在于能有效减少二噁英的再合成，一次性投资较少，系统简单，能耗低；较适合于50t以下一次烟气量较小电炉或者现有电炉的改造。 The nozzle in this embodiment is set at the tail of the waste heat boiler, and the flue gas is rapidly cooled to below 200°C by evaporative cooling. This small part of the heat of the flue gas is not recovered, which can reduce the investment of the waste heat boiler and significantly reduce the risk of resynthesis of dioxins ; At the same time, the amount of water sprayed per square meter of flue gas is also greatly reduced, roughly calculated to be about 1/6 of the water consumption of traditional flue gas quenching, and the comprehensive economic and environmental benefits are obvious. The advantage of this embodiment is that it can effectively reduce the resynthesis of dioxins, the one-time investment is less, the system is simple, and the energy consumption is low; it is more suitable for the transformation of an electric furnace with a small flue gas volume below 50 tons or an existing electric furnace. the
本实施例中，烟气最后也通过布袋除尘器进行净化，布袋除尘器采用高效覆膜滤料，采用较低的过滤风速（控制在0.8m/min以下）。为保证布袋除尘器安全及电炉二次烟气中的颗粒物及二噁英的消除，还采取了二次烟气混风措施。 In this embodiment, the flue gas is finally purified by the bag filter, which uses high-efficiency film-coated filter material and adopts a low filtration wind speed (controlled below 0.8m/min). In order to ensure the safety of the bag filter and the elimination of particulate matter and dioxins in the secondary flue gas of the electric furnace, measures for mixing the secondary flue gas have also been taken. the
最后，实施例一与实施例二对烟气进行余热利用与净化的方法，采用的是如下步骤：
Finally, the method for waste heat utilization and purification of flue gas in Embodiment 1 and
第一步：将电炉烟气以500℃进行温度分区； Step 1: Divide the electric furnace flue gas into temperature zones at 500°C;
第二步：将500℃以上的高温烟气引入高压余热锅炉中进行烟气热量回收； Step 2: Introduce the high-temperature flue gas above 500°C into the high-pressure waste heat boiler for flue gas heat recovery;
第三步：将500℃以下中、低温段烟气引入中压热管式余热锅炉进行烟气热量回收或者采用喷雾冷却的方式对500℃以下中、低温段烟气进行冷却； Step 3: Introduce the flue gas from the medium and low temperature section below 500°C into the medium pressure heat pipe waste heat boiler for flue gas heat recovery or use spray cooling to cool the flue gas from the medium and low temperature section below 500°C;
第四步：将经过第三步处理后的烟气引入除尘装置中进行净化。 The fourth step: introduce the flue gas treated in the third step into the dust removal device for purification. the
最后说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本技术方案的宗旨和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。 Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention without limitation. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be carried out Modifications or equivalent replacements, without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution, should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention. the
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