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CN103804135A - Method used for preparing higher alkanols via sunflower wax normal pressure reduction - Google Patents

Method used for preparing higher alkanols via sunflower wax normal pressure reduction Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103804135A
CN103804135A CN201210440650.9A CN201210440650A CN103804135A CN 103804135 A CN103804135 A CN 103804135A CN 201210440650 A CN201210440650 A CN 201210440650A CN 103804135 A CN103804135 A CN 103804135A
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China
Prior art keywords
sunflower wax
water
wax
organic solvent
mass ratio
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CN201210440650.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张重权
段琼芬
马李一
王有琼
陈晓鸣
张弘
石雷
陈智勇
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Research Institute of Resource Insects of Chinese Academy of Forestry
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Research Institute of Resource Insects of Chinese Academy of Forestry
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/132Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
    • C07C29/136Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
    • C07C29/147Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种向日葵蜡还原法制备高级烷醇的方法,其特征在于以向日葵蜡为原料,不需要有机溶剂参与反应的条件下,于常压开放体系中还原制备高级烷醇混合物。在85~120℃、持续搅拌的条件下,用还原剂∶向日葵蜡=1∶10~30的质量比进行反应;再按向日葵蜡:水:有机溶剂=1:10~30:0~30的质量比加入水和有机溶剂,加热至45~96℃,按向日葵蜡:HCl=1:0.1~0.9的质量比加入2M的HCl溶液,45~96℃保温10~30min;抽出水相,在有机相中加水和盐酸溶液45~96℃保温10~30min,调节pH值为中性;抽出水相,蒸干有机相中的溶剂,冷却后的固体即为高级烷醇的混合物。本发明具有工艺简洁、易于操作、环境友好安全、反应在常压开放体系中进行、成本低、反应转化率高、适宜工业化应用等优点。The invention provides a sunflower wax reduction method for preparing higher alkanols, which is characterized in that the sunflower wax is used as a raw material, and the higher alkanol mixture is prepared by reduction in an open system at normal pressure without the need for an organic solvent to participate in the reaction. Under the condition of 85~120℃ and continuous stirring, react with reducing agent: sunflower wax=1:10~30 mass ratio; then press sunflower wax: water: organic solvent=1:10~30:0~30 Add water and organic solvent in mass ratio, heat to 45-96°C, add 2M HCl solution according to the mass ratio of sunflower wax: HCl=1:0.1-0.9, keep warm at 45-96°C for 10-30min; extract the water phase, and put it in the organic Add water and hydrochloric acid solution to the phase and keep it warm at 45-96°C for 10-30 minutes, adjust the pH value to be neutral; extract the water phase, evaporate the solvent in the organic phase, and the cooled solid is a mixture of higher alkanols. The invention has the advantages of simple process, easy operation, environmental friendliness and safety, the reaction is carried out in an open system at normal pressure, low cost, high reaction conversion rate, suitable for industrial application and the like.

Description

Sunflower Receptacle wax normal pressure reduction method is prepared the method for high triacontanol
Technical field
The method that the present invention relates to the waxed standby high triacontanol mixture of a kind of Sunflower Receptacle, especially a kind of normal pressure reduction method is prepared the method for high triacontanol mixture.
Background technology
[0002] Sunflower Receptacle wax is the seed oil of Sunflower Receptacle and the wax of planting shell surface, and its main component is the senior ester that higher fatty acid and high fatty alcohol form, and senior ester can be converted into high triacontanol through saponification or reduction.
High triacontanol claims again high fatty alcohol, is to contain 12 chain saturated monohydroxy alcohols more than carbon atom.High triacontanol is extensively present in occurring in nature, but exists with natural free fatty alcohol form hardly, but exists with the form of wax ester.Both at home and abroad about the research of high triacontanol concentrates on C 22~C 36the technical fields such as preparation, separation and the utilization of alcohol mixture.Behenyl alcohol in high triacontanol mixture can be used for suppressing tumor of prostate; Tetracosanol can strengthen the function of neural factor; Hexacosyl alcohol has neuroprotective and neurotrophic effect; Octacosanol is universally acknowledged antifatigue material, and has the effect such as reducing blood-fat and sexual function improving; Triacontanol is plant-growth regulator, has the effect of Promoting plant growth.The method being adopted by the waxed standby high triacontanol of Sunflower Receptacle at present has: (l) saponification method: wax saponification under alkaline condition decomposed and remove after soap with calcium precipitation, then obtaining the mixture of high fatty alcohol with solvent extraction.This method technical process is long, adds the solvability of high-grade aliphatic ester in water and dispersed poor, so yield is lower, and product purity is not high, because the method will be used a large amount of alkali, and not only trivial operations, but also cause serious environmental pollution etc.(2) ester-interchange method: it is transesterification reaction that wax is carried out to alcoholysis, then according to the different boiling of reaction product, by the method for vacuum distilling, isolate different products, thereby obtain the method for the mixture of high fatty alcohol.The method chemical reaction process complexity, the reaction product kind obtaining is more, separates object product more difficult.(3) wax is hydrolyzed under acidic conditions, then leaches the method for fatty alcohol through supercutical fluid.In the method, because the acidic hydrolysis of wax is a reversible reaction, its trim point depends on again the ratio of water and the character of ester, and the solubleness of wax basis in water is very little, therefore, under acidic conditions, wax is difficult to be distributed in water, is difficult to carry out so be hydrolyzed this step, and yield is lower.(4) first wax is carried out to enzyme decomposition, extract again afterwards the method for fatty alcohol.This wax that allows is through lipase or the zymolytic method of ester, it is the very promising biological extraction process of one, can under gentle condition, realize the hydrolysis of high-grade aliphatic ester, and the advantage of lipase maximum is that its selectivity is high, this comprises the selectivity of regioselectivity and fatty acid ester, so be the important directions of Future Development.But at present because the enzyme of decomposition wax is unstable, easily poisoning and deactivation, production cost is high, and processing condition are immature, therefore, still in groping property experimental stage, do not obtain commercial application.
Above several method is being prepared the part that all comes with some shortcomings aspect high triacontanol, but is all more traditional and conventional method.Preparing high triacontanol mixture take Sunflower Receptacle wax as raw material through reduction method have not been reported up till now.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide that a kind of technique is succinct, easy handling, cost are low, mild condition, environmental friendliness, the method by the waxed standby high triacontanol mixture of Sunflower Receptacle that yield is high.
The present invention completes by following technical proposal: a kind of normal pressure reduction method is prepared the method for Sunflower Receptacle wax high triacontanol mixture, it is characterized in that through the following step:
A, Sunflower Receptacle wax is heated to 83~120 ℃, under the condition that continues to stir, by reductive agent: Sunflower Receptacle wax=1: 10~30 mass ratio, joins reductive agent in Sunflower Receptacle wax.
B, according to Sunflower Receptacle wax: water: the mass ratio of organic solvent=1:10~30:0~30 adds water and organic solvent in reaction mixture, be heated to 45~96 ℃, by Sunflower Receptacle wax: the mass ratio of HCl=1:0.1~0.9 adds the HCl solution of 2 M, 45~96 ℃ of insulation 10~30 min.
C, extraction water, add the water of 15~30 times of quality of Sunflower Receptacle wax and the HCl solution of a small amount of 2 M, 45~96 ℃ of insulation 10~30 min; Extremely neutral by the pH value of 2 M NaOH solution regulator solutions afterwards.
D, extraction water, the solvent in evaporate to dryness organic phase, is cooled to normal temperature, obtains block Sunflower Receptacle wax high triacontanol.
Described reductive agent can be Ranny-Ni, lithium aluminum hydride; Described organic solvent is one or more in the organic solvents such as ether, sherwood oil, methyl alcohol, ethanol, chloroform, acetone, ethyl acetate, benzene, butanols.
The present invention has following advantages and effect: adopt such scheme, in comparatively gentle normal pressure open system, by the waxed high triacontanol mixture that obtains of Sunflower Receptacle, not only technique is simple, be easy to control, and reaction process organic solvent-free participates in, environmental friendliness safety, cost is low, and reaction conversion ratio is high, good product quality.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described further.
Embodiment 1
A, in 1000 ml beakers, 100 g Sunflower Receptacle waxes are heated to 85 ℃, under the condition that continues to stir, slowly add 10 g reductive agent Ranny-Ni.
B, in reaction mixture, add 300 ml water, be heated to 96 ℃, add HCl solution 150 ml of 2 M, 96 ℃ of insulation 20 min.
C, extract water out, add HCl solution 5 ml of 300 ml water and 2 M, 96 ℃ of insulation 10 min; Extremely neutral by the pH value of 2 M NaOH solution regulator solutions afterwards.
D, extraction water, be cooled to normal temperature, obtains Sunflower Receptacle wax high triacontanol 95 g.
Embodiment 2
A, in 20 L flasks, 1000 g Sunflower Receptacle waxes are heated to 90 ℃, under the condition that continues to stir, 80 g lithium aluminum hydrides are joined in Sunflower Receptacle wax.
B, in flask, add 5 L water and 2 L chloroforms, be heated to 50 ℃, add HCl solution 4 L of 2 M, flask meets 50 ℃ of insulation 30 min of condenser.
C, extract water out, add HCl solution 100 ml of Sunflower Receptacle wax 5 L water and 2 M, 50 ℃ of insulation 10 min; Extremely neutral by the pH value of 2 M NaOH solution regulator solutions afterwards.
D, extraction water, the organic solvent in evaporate to dryness organic phase, is cooled to normal temperature, obtains block Sunflower Receptacle wax high triacontanol 960 g.
Embodiment 3
A, in 100 L reactors, 15 kg Sunflower Receptacle waxes are heated to 85 ℃, under the condition that continues to stir, slowly add lithium aluminum hydride 1.5 kg.
B, in reactor, add 35 L water, 20 L sherwood oils, 5 L butanols, be heated to 55 ℃, add HCl solution 10 L of 2 M, 55 ℃ of insulation 30 min.
C, extract water out, add HCl solution 100 ml of 30 L water and 2 M, 80 ℃ of insulation 30 min; Extremely neutral by the pH value of 2 M NaOH solution regulator solutions afterwards.
D, extraction water, the organic solvent in evaporate to dryness organic phase, is cooled to normal temperature, obtains block Sunflower Receptacle wax high triacontanol 14.6 kg.

Claims (4)

1.一种向日葵蜡还原法制备高级烷醇的方法,所述高级烷醇是指含有12个碳原子以上的链状脂肪醇,其特征在于以向日葵蜡为原料,经过以下步骤: 1. a sunflower wax reduction method prepares the method for higher alkanol, and described higher alkanol refers to the chain aliphatic alcohol containing more than 12 carbon atoms, is characterized in that taking sunflower wax as raw material, through the following steps: A、将向日葵蜡加热至83~120℃,持续搅拌的条件下,按还原剂∶向日葵蜡=1∶10~30的质量比,将还原剂加入到向日葵蜡中; A, the sunflower wax is heated to 83~120 ℃, under the condition of continuous stirring, according to the mass ratio of reducing agent: sunflower wax=1:10~30, the reducing agent is added in the sunflower wax; B、按照向日葵蜡:水:有机溶剂=1:10~30:0~30的质量比在反应混合物中加入水和有机溶剂,加热至45~96 ℃,按向日葵蜡:HCl=1:0.1~0.9的质量比加入2 M的HCl溶液,45~96 ℃保温10~30 min; B. According to the mass ratio of sunflower wax: water: organic solvent = 1: 10 ~ 30: 0 ~ 30, add water and organic solvent to the reaction mixture, heat to 45 ~ 96 ℃, according to sunflower wax: HCl = 1: 0.1 ~ Add 2 M HCl solution at a mass ratio of 0.9, and incubate at 45-96 °C for 10-30 min; C、抽出水相,加入向日葵蜡15~30倍质量的水和少量2 M的HCl溶液,45~96 ℃保温10~30 min;之后用2 M NaOH溶液调节溶液的pH值至中性; C. Pull out the water phase, add water 15-30 times the mass of sunflower wax and a small amount of 2 M HCl solution, keep it warm at 45-96 ℃ for 10-30 min; then use 2 M NaOH solution to adjust the pH value of the solution to neutral; D、抽出水相,蒸干有机相中的溶剂,冷却至常温,即得块状向日葵蜡高级烷醇。 D. Take out the water phase, evaporate the solvent in the organic phase to dryness, and cool to normal temperature to obtain block sunflower wax higher alkanol. 2.根据权利要求1所述的向日葵蜡还原法制备高级烷醇的方法,所述还原剂为Ranny-Ni、氢化铝锂等还原剂。 2. the sunflower wax reduction method according to claim 1 prepares the method for higher alkanol, and described reducing agent is reducing agents such as Ranny-Ni, lithium aluminum hydride. 3.根据权利要求1所述的向日葵蜡还原法制备高级烷醇的方法,步骤B所述水为自来水、饮用水、蒸馏水。 3. the method for preparing higher alkanols by the sunflower wax reduction method according to claim 1, the water described in step B is tap water, drinking water, distilled water. 4.根据权利要求1所述的向日葵蜡还原法制备高级烷醇的方法,步骤B所述有机溶剂为乙醚、石油醚、甲醇、乙醇、氯仿、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、苯、丁醇等有机溶剂中的一种或几种。 4. the sunflower wax reduction method according to claim 1 prepares the method for higher alkanol, and the organic solvent described in step B is ether, sherwood oil, methyl alcohol, ethanol, chloroform, acetone, ethyl acetate, benzene, butanol etc. One or more of the solvents.
CN201210440650.9A 2012-11-07 2012-11-07 Method used for preparing higher alkanols via sunflower wax normal pressure reduction Pending CN103804135A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112500263A (en) * 2020-12-07 2021-03-16 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 Method for preparing higher alkanol by reducing white wax with red aluminum under normal pressure

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020183236A1 (en) * 1999-11-10 2002-12-05 Hubert Mimoun Use of a fatty alcohol in a perfume composition
CN1834079A (en) * 2006-04-18 2006-09-20 浙江大学 Process of preparing high-grade fatty alcohol through non-catalytic hydrolysis of rice bran wax in near critical aqueous medium
CN101293811A (en) * 2008-06-24 2008-10-29 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 Method for preparing higher alkanol mixture from white wax
CN101386562A (en) * 2008-08-29 2009-03-18 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 Method for preparing policosanol mixture by nonsolvent reduction method

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020183236A1 (en) * 1999-11-10 2002-12-05 Hubert Mimoun Use of a fatty alcohol in a perfume composition
CN1834079A (en) * 2006-04-18 2006-09-20 浙江大学 Process of preparing high-grade fatty alcohol through non-catalytic hydrolysis of rice bran wax in near critical aqueous medium
CN101293811A (en) * 2008-06-24 2008-10-29 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 Method for preparing higher alkanol mixture from white wax
CN101386562A (en) * 2008-08-29 2009-03-18 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 Method for preparing policosanol mixture by nonsolvent reduction method

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Title
马李一灯: "虫白蜡还原法制备高级烷醇混合物研究", 《林产化学与工业》, vol. 29, no. 5, 31 October 2009 (2009-10-31), pages 6 - 10 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112500263A (en) * 2020-12-07 2021-03-16 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 Method for preparing higher alkanol by reducing white wax with red aluminum under normal pressure

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Application publication date: 20140521