CN103788972A - Internal-combustion heating rotary vane type biomass gasification furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an internal-combustion heating rotary vane type biomass gasification furnace. The side wall of the furnace body is designed to be a jacket; the jacket successively comprises a gasification layer, a gasification layer wall, a hot exhaust gas layer, a hot exhaust gas layer wall, a fuel gas layer, a fuel gas layer wall and an insulation layer; a track is arranged on the gasification layer wall; two horizontal internal-combustion rotary pipelines are arranged at a same height below the central surface of the furnace body; a plurality of vane gap plates are alternately arranged in the two internal-combustion rotary pipelines along the circumferences of the walls thereof; the gaps of the vane gap plates are not communicated with the interiors of the internal-combustion rotary pipelines; vanes are arranged in the gaps of the vane gap plates; the overhang ends of the vanes are connected with the track; a feed hopper is arranged above the furnace body; the feed hopper is communicated with the gasification layer; a cone-shaped furnace bottom is borne at the bottom of the furnace body; the cone-shaped furnace bottom is communicated with the gasification layer; and a slag discharging hole is located at the cone bottom hole. According to the internal-combustion heating rotary vane type biomass gasification furnace, the gasification rate and the fuel gas heat value of the biomass are greatly improved, the secondary pollution is avoided and the gasification cost of the biomass is reduced, so that the internal-combustion heating rotary vane type biomass gasification furnace is suitable for various biomass raw materials to produce combustible gas, and the operation, the management and the maintenance are simple and convenient.

Description

Internal Combustion Heating Rotary Vane Biomass Gasifier

technical field

The invention relates to a gasification device, more specifically a gasification furnace using biomass as raw material.

Background technique

Biomass includes forestry materials, agricultural waste, municipal waste and livestock manure, etc. Biomass is a kind of renewable energy with abundant reserves. When used as an alternative energy source, it can realize zero emission of CO ₂ , and the content of S and N is low, which greatly reduces the greenhouse effect and environmental pollution. Biomass gasification is to convert biomass into combustible gas mainly composed of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and low molecular weight under certain thermochemical conditions. Factors affecting the effect of biomass gasification include the type of biomass and its pretreatment, the feed rate of biomass and the supply rate of gasification agent, the temperature and pressure in the reactor, etc.

At present, the main problems in biomass gasification technology and gas utilization process are: first, the calorific value of gas is low. Due to the direct introduction of more air in the process of biomass gasification, the nitrogen content in gas exceeds 55%, and the heat of gas The value is generally lower than 7000KJ/m3; the second is that more tar is produced during the gasification process. Due to the introduction of more cold air during the gasification process, the temperature in the gasifier is not high enough, resulting in a high tar yield, which not only affects the gasifier The normal work and the transmission, storage and utilization of gas, and waste a lot of energy and resources.

Aiming at the problem that the gas contains a lot of tar, there are currently two solutions: one is water washing, and the tar in the gas is transferred to the aqueous solution. Although this method is simple and the gas purification efficiency is also high, it will produce A large amount of tar-containing wastewater, which is difficult and costly to treat, causes secondary pollution, and will affect the efficient operation of the gasification system, resulting in high gas costs, which is not conducive to the utilization and promotion of biomass energy; the second is catalysis Cracking, under the action of a catalyst, tar is cracked into low-molecular gas, which not only solves the harm problem of tar, but also can increase the calorific value of gas without causing secondary pollution.

The catalytic cracking of tar has no secondary pollution, and can increase the gasification rate of biomass and the calorific value of gas. However, the current catalytic cracking technology of tar still has low cracking rate of tar, easy carbon deposition and deactivation of the catalyst, complex cracking equipment, and cracking system itself. It is easy to adhere to tar and other deficiencies, and the actual use effect is poor. The catalytic cracking efficiency of tar is related to the temperature, the higher the temperature, the higher the tar cracking efficiency, and the current catalytic cracking method is either the gas passes through the cold catalyst bed, the catalytic cracking efficiency is low, or the catalyst bed is increased by external heating temperature, energy consumption increases.

In recent years, biomass gasification technology has developed rapidly, and various forms of gasifiers have been developed. These gasifiers can be roughly divided into two types: fixed-bed gasifiers and fluidized-bed gasifiers. Fixed bed gasifiers can be further divided into downdraft, updraft, horizontal and open-heart gasifiers. The downdraft gasifier operates under slightly negative pressure and does not require high sealing. The output combustible gas has a high calorific value and low tar content, but the combustible gas contains a lot of ash and the temperature of the combustible gas is high. The updraft gasifier operates under slightly positive pressure, which requires high sealing and high tar content in the combustible gas. Fluidized bed gasification furnace, the temperature in the furnace is high and constant, tar is cracked at high temperature to generate gas, tar in the gas is relatively small, but the gas released from the furnace contains more ash, and the structure of the fluidized bed gasification furnace is relatively complicated, Equipment investment is large, and there are many large-scale gasification equipment.

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Contents of the invention

In order to avoid the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides an internal combustion heating rotary vane biomass gasifier, which improves the biomass gasification efficiency and gas calorific value, reduces the yield of tar, and avoids secondary pollution. The cost of biomass gasification is reduced, and it is suitable for producing combustible gas from various biomass raw materials.

The structural features of the internal combustion heating rotary vane biomass gasifier of the present invention are:

The side wall of the furnace body is set as a jacket structure, and the jacket from inside to outside is the gasification layer, the gasification layer wall, the hot waste gas layer, the hot waste gas layer wall, the gas layer, the gas layer wall and the insulation layer; Tracks are set on the layer wall; two horizontal internal combustion rotating pipes are arranged at the same height below the center plane of the furnace body, and a plurality of slit plates are alternately arranged inside the two internal combustion rotating pipes along the circumference of their walls. The inside of the pipe is not connected, and blades are arranged in the gap of the leaf slit plate, and the protruding end of the blade is connected to the track; the two ends of the internal combustion rotating pipe are concentrically connected to two rotating support pipes, and the internal combustion inlet pipe and the internal combustion gas outlet are respectively arranged in the two rotating support pipes Pipeline; a feed hopper is set above the furnace body, the feed hopper communicates with the gasification layer, and there is a conical bottom at the bottom of the furnace body, the conical furnace bottom communicates with the gasification layer, and the slag discharge port is located at the bottom of the cone The gas flow channel drawn from the furnace is: the bottom of the gasification layer leads to the gas layer, the gas output port is located on the upper part of the gas layer wall, and the gas output port is connected outside the furnace. The gas pipeline is connected to the gas storage through the induced draft fan. cabinet.

The structural features of the internal combustion heating rotary vane biomass gasifier of the present invention also lie in:

A hot waste gas return pipe and a waste gas discharge pipe are respectively arranged on the wall of the hot waste gas layer, the hot waste gas return pipe is connected to the internal combustion gas outlet pipe, and the outlet of the waste gas discharge pipe is extended to the outside of the furnace body.

The two internal combustion rotating pipes are rotatable parts driven by a transmission mechanism.

A gas pipeline is arranged inside the internal combustion air intake pipeline, and the gas pipeline is connected to the gas source from the entrance of the internal combustion air intake pipeline.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are reflected in:

1. The present invention uses the internal combustion rotary pipe as the combustion heating chamber, burns the gas in the internal combustion rotary pipe to gasify and heat the biomass outside the pipe, and uses the backflow of hot waste gas for gasification heating, and uses pipe wall and side wall heat transfer materials High heating rate, making full use of combustion heat and exhaust gas heat, maintaining a high furnace temperature, effectively avoiding the nitrogen in the air after combustion from mixing into the furnace, improving biomass gasification efficiency and gas calorific value, and greatly reducing tar yield, Difficulty and cost of gas purification, saving energy;

3. In the present invention, the vanes are arranged in the slit plate in the internal combustion rotating pipeline, and the extended end thereof is connected with the track of the gasification layer wall. During operation, the vanes rotate and expand and contract, so that the material is internally combusted under the action of the vanes. There is a downward rotary movement between the rotating tube wall and the gasification layer wall. By adjusting the speed of the frequency conversion motor, the residence time of the material in the furnace can be controlled and the biomass gasification efficiency can be improved;

3. In the present invention, the internal combustion rotating pipe is arranged below the central surface of the furnace body, so that the gasification layer gradually becomes smaller from top to bottom, and the material is in close contact with the pipe wall and the gasification layer wall, which is beneficial to heat transfer. When rotating and falling, the internal combustion rotating pipe and the gasification layer wall will grind, squeeze and crush the material, which is conducive to the release of pyrolysis products from the material particles and improves the efficiency of biomass gasification;

4. The present invention adopts two rotating pipelines to rotate in opposite directions to realize split gasification of materials and increase the gasification intensity;

5. The invention has good adaptability to the particle size of the material, has no strict requirements on the particle size, reduces the energy consumption and cost of biomass pre-crushing processing, can feed materials continuously, operates conveniently and stably, and has the efficiency of a fluidized bed, but overcomes the Eliminate the disadvantages of fluidized bed;

6. The invention uses the induced draft fan to make the gas flow from bottom to top in the gas layer in the furnace, and then leads out of the furnace body through the gas transmission channel, which prolongs the residence time of the high-temperature gas in the furnace and ensures that tar is cracked into combustible gas without causing Tar adhesion and blockage of gas delivery pipeline system, negative pressure operation, no environmental pollution.

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Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the A-A sectional structural schematic diagram of Fig. 1;

Labels in the figure: 1 furnace body, 2 insulation layer, 3 gas layer wall, 4 gas layer, 5 hot waste gas layer wall, 6 hot waste gas layer, 7 gasification layer wall, 8 gasification layer, 9 conical furnace bottom, 10 Internal combustion rotary pipe, 11 blade slit plate, 12 blades, 13 track, 14 feed hopper, 15 return gas flow regulating valve, 16 return gas flow meter, 17 cyclone separator, 18 flame arrester, 19 frequency conversion motor, 20 reducer, 21 gear, 22 rotating support pipe, 23 gas pipe, 24 water inlet valve, 25 water inlet flow meter, 26 internal combustion air intake pipe, 27 atomizer, 28 hot exhaust gas return pipe, 29 bearing, 30 internal combustion gas outlet pipe, 31 internal combustion Observation port, 32 air volume flowmeter, 33 air volume regulating valve, 34 exhaust gas discharge pipe, 35 gas transmission pipe, 36 gear, 37 gear, 38 ignition port, 39 air flow meter, 40 air valve, 41 air pipe, 42 fan, 43 Heat exchanger, 44 induced draft fan, 45 gas return pipeline.

The present invention will be further described below through specific embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Detailed ways

Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a quasi-elliptical cylindrical furnace body 1 is adopted, and the furnace body 1 is arranged axially and horizontally, and the side wall of the furnace body 1 is set as a jacket structure, and the jacket is sequentially formed from the inside to the outside of the gasification layer 8, Gasification layer wall 7, hot exhaust gas layer 6, hot exhaust gas layer wall 5, gas layer 4, gas layer wall 3 and insulation layer 2; track 13 is set on gasification layer wall 7; two levels of internal combustion are set in furnace body 1 Rotary pipe 10, a plurality of slit plates 11 are arranged alternately along the circumference of the wall of the two internal combustion rotary pipes 10, the slits of the slit plates 11 are not connected to the interior of the internal combustion rotary pipe 10, and blades are arranged in the slits of the slit plates 11 12. The extended end of the blade 12 is connected to the track 13; the two ends of the internal combustion rotating pipe 10 are concentrically connected to two rotating support pipes 22, and the internal combustion air intake pipe 26 and the internal combustion air outlet pipe 30 are respectively arranged in the two rotating support pipes 22; The feeding hopper 14 is arranged above the upper part of the furnace, the feeding hopper 14 communicates with the gasification layer 8, and the bottom of the furnace body 1 is connected with a conical furnace bottom 9, the conical furnace bottom 9 communicates with the gasification layer 8, and the slagging outlet is located at the Bottom port; the gas flow channel drawn from the furnace is: lead to the gas layer 4 from the bottom of the gasification layer 8, the gas output port is located on the top of the gas layer wall 3, and the gas pipeline 35 is connected to the gas output port outside the furnace. The induced draft fan 44 is connected to the gas storage cabinet.

In this embodiment, the combustion of gasified combustible gas is used for biomass gasification heating. Specifically, a gas return pipeline 45 is installed on the gas transmission pipeline 35 at the outlet of the induced draft fan 44, and a return gas flow regulating valve 15 is installed on the gas return pipeline 45. And return gas flow meter 16. Gas pipeline 23 is set inside two internal combustion air inlet pipelines 26, and gas pipeline 23 is connected to gas return pipeline 45 from internal combustion air inlet pipeline 26 inlets, and flame arrester 18 is installed on gas pipeline 23, is gas pipeline 23 with gas return pipeline 45 Air supply pipe. Air pipes 41 are set on the two internal combustion intake pipes 26 , air flowmeters 39 and air valves 40 are installed on the air pipes 41 , and the air pipes 41 are connected to blower fans 42 .

The specific implementation also includes:

Hot waste gas return pipe 28 and waste gas discharge pipe 34 are respectively arranged on the hot waste gas layer wall 5, hot waste gas return pipe 28 is connected to internal combustion gas outlet pipe 30, and the outlet of waste gas discharge pipe 34 is extended to the outside of the furnace body, with hot waste gas return pipe 28 It is the gas supply pipe for the hot exhaust gas layer 6, and the reflow of the high-temperature hot exhaust gas is conducive to increasing the temperature in the furnace and saving energy.

The two internal combustion rotating pipelines 10 are rotatable parts driven by a transmission mechanism, and a speed reducer 20, a gear 21, a gear 37 and a gear 36 are set correspondingly, and are driven by a variable frequency motor 19.

In order to ignite and observe the combustion situation of the backflow gas, an ignition port 38 is provided at the entrance of the internal combustion air intake pipe 26 , and an internal combustion observation port 31 is provided at the exit of the internal combustion air outlet pipe 30 .

In order to monitor the operating conditions of the gasifier, temperature and pressure display instruments are installed on the furnace body 1 .

In order to improve the gasification effect without affecting the high temperature in the middle and lower parts of the furnace, the gasification agent (air) inlet is arranged on the upper part of the furnace body 1, and an air flow meter 32 and an air volume regulating valve 33 are installed on the gasification agent (air) inlet pipe.

For gas purification and dust removal, a cyclone separator 17 is arranged on the gas pipeline 35 .

A heat exchanger 43 is arranged on the gas pipeline 35, and an atomizer 27 is set in the conical furnace bottom 9. The atomizer 27 communicates with the water delivery pipe from the heat exchanger 43, and the water inlet is set on the water delivery pipe. The flow meter 25, the water inlet valve 24, and the water in the atomizer, when passing through the heat exchanger 43, exchange heat with the high-temperature gas to obtain a temperature rise, which is conducive to maintaining the temperature in the furnace and improving the gasification effect.

This example shows the biomass gasification equipment. The internal combustion heating rotary vane type greatly reduces the nitrogen content in the gas, and the calorific value of the gas is 2 to 3 times higher than that of the existing equipment; it can maintain a high furnace temperature and reduce tar Yield, improve biomass gasification efficiency; gas purification process is always carried out under high temperature conditions, high tar cracking rate, good purification effect. It is suitable for various biomass raw materials to produce high calorific value gas, which can be used by villages and towns, families, breeding farms, hotels, bathrooms, institutions and factories and mines.

During the working process, the biomass raw material is sent between the blades 12 of the gasification layer 8 from the feed hopper 14; the two internal combustion rotating pipes 10 are driven by the frequency conversion motor 19 to rotate relative to each other through gear transmission, and the blades 12 rotate with the internal combustion. The pipeline 10 rotates and at the same time, under the action of the track 13, it performs a telescopic movement, and the material rotates downward with the blade 12. In the process of the material rotating and falling, on the one hand, the heat transferred through the internal combustion rotating pipe 10 and the gasification layer wall 7 heats the material to undergo thermal cracking; on the other hand, as the gasification layer gradually becomes smaller, the internal combustion rotating pipe 10 And the gasification layer wall 7 has the function of grinding, squeezing and crushing the material, which is conducive to the release of pyrolysis products from the material particles and improves the efficiency of biomass gasification. Finally, a small amount of ash falls from the bottom of the gasification layer 8 into the conical furnace bottom 9, and is discharged from the slag outlet of the conical bottom. .

Under the suction of the induced draft fan 44, the high-temperature gas is guided from the bottom of the gasification layer 8 to the gas layer 4, and enters the cyclone separator 17 from the gas output port on the upper part of the gas layer wall 3 through the gas pipeline 35, and after the cyclone dust removal, The high-temperature gas enters the heat exchanger 43 from the top gas outlet of the cyclone separator 17, and its heat is taken away by the cooling water, and finally, it is sent into the gas storage tank. Due to the high temperature in the furnace, the efficiency of converting the tar in the gas into combustible gas through pyrolysis is greatly improved.

Part of the gas enters the gas pipeline 23 in the gas return pipeline 45 through the return gas volume regulating valve 15 and the return gas flow meter 16, and enters the two internal combustion rotating pipelines 10 through the flame arrester 18 in the gas pipeline 23, and the combustion-supporting air comes from the fan 42 through the air valve. 40 and air flow meter 39 introduce two internal combustion intake pipes 26, ignite and burn through the igniter inserted by the ignition port 38, and the high-temperature gas after combustion enters the hot exhaust gas layer 6 through the two internal combustion outlet pipes 30 and the hot exhaust gas return pipeline 28, and finally , discharge the furnace body from the waste gas discharge pipe 34. This heating method of internal combustion and hot exhaust gas reflow maintains a high temperature in the furnace, greatly reduces the tar yield, improves the biomass gasification rate, and effectively prevents a large amount of nitrogen from being mixed into the gas, which greatly improves the gas heat. value, reducing energy loss and reducing the total cost of biomass pyrolysis liquefaction.

The gasifying agent (air) is introduced into the gasification layer 8 from the upper inlet of the furnace body 1 through the air flow meter 32 and the air volume regulating valve 33 .

The water vapor is generated by the atomizer 27, and in the high temperature zone of the furnace, the water vapor reacts with biomass and pyrolysis gas to further generate combustible gas, which improves the efficiency of biomass and the calorific value of gas, and reduces the amount of ash.

Claims (4)

1. internal combustion heating Spiralism type biomass gasifying furnace, is characterized in that

The sidewall of body of heater (1) is set to jacket structured, and described chuck is followed successively by gasification layer (8), gasification layer wall (7), hot waste gas layer (6), hot waste gas layer wall (5), fuel gas layer (4), fuel gas layer wall (3) and thermal insulation layer (2) from inside to outside; Track (13) is set on described gasification layer wall (7); Sustained height place, centerplane below at described body of heater (1) arranges two horizontal internal combustion rotating pipes (10), along the circle alternate of its wall, multiple leaves seam plates (11) are set in described two internal combustion rotating pipes (10) inside, the gap of described leaf seam plate (11) does not communicate with internal combustion rotating pipe (10) inside, in the gap of described leaf seam plate (11), blade (12) is set, described blade (12) overhanging end is connected with track (13); Described internal combustion rotating pipe (10) two ends connect two rotary support pipelines (22) with one heart, in described two rotary support pipelines (22), internal combustion intake ducting (26) and internal combustion outlet pipe (30) are set respectively; In the top of described body of heater (1), hopper (14) is set, described hopper (14) communicates with gasification layer (8), undertake taper furnace bottom (9) in the bottom of described body of heater (1), described taper furnace bottom (9) communicates with gasification layer (8), and slag-drip opening is positioned at cone end mouth; The gas channel that combustion gas is drawn in stove is: guide fuel gas layer (4) into be positioned at the bottom of described gasification layer (8), combustion gas delivery port is positioned at the top of fuel gas layer wall (3), and stove is connected to gas pipe line on combustion gas delivery port (35) outward and is connected to gas storage holder by induced draft fan (44).

2. internal combustion heating Spiralism type biomass gasifying furnace according to claim 1, it is characterized in that arranging respectively hot waste gas reflux line (28) and exhaust emission tube road (34) on described hot waste gas layer wall (5), described hot waste gas reflux line (28) is connected to internal combustion outlet pipe (30), and the outlet in described exhaust emission tube road (34) is extended to body of heater outside.

3. internal combustion heating Spiralism type biomass gasifying furnace according to claim 1, is characterized in that described two internal combustion rotating pipes (10) are the rotatable parts being driven by transmission rig.

4. internal combustion heating Spiralism type biomass gasifying furnace according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described internal combustion intake ducting (26) inside, gas pipeline (23) is set, and described gas pipeline (23) is connected to fuel gas source from internal combustion intake ducting (26) entrance.

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