CN103701173B - A kind of charging method of intelligent charger - Google Patents

Abstract

A charging method for an intelligent charger belongs to the technical field of battery chargers. It is especially suitable for intelligent charging of lead-acid batteries. Including switching power supply module (1), chopper circuit module (2), battery (3), discharge circuit module (4), sampling circuit module (5), PWM output module (9), display module (10) and intelligent control module (11), the mains is connected to the switching power supply module (1), the switching power supply module (1) is connected to the chopper circuit module (2), and the chopper circuit module (2) and the sampling circuit module (5) are respectively connected to the battery ( 3) connected. The key charging parameters of the charging method are set by the user, such as the amount of electricity that needs to be charged into the battery, the time required for charging, and the total mileage that the electric tool can travel after charging. Select a charging strategy, and the smart charger will automatically calculate and charge.

Description

A charging method of an intelligent charger

technical field

A charging method for an intelligent charger belongs to the technical field of battery charging control, and is particularly suitable for intelligent charging of lead-acid storage batteries.

Background technique

With the popularity of electric vehicles, the role of chargers is becoming more and more important. Most of the current chargers do not have intelligent features, that is, only the initial capacity is detected, and the charging ends automatically. Some even do not have these functions, and only stipulate the charging time, which is determined by the user. Because some users do not understand the charging characteristics, it may cause insufficient charging or long-term overcharging. Therefore, the existing chargers basically do not have intelligent features. Just cause the user to use inconveniently and may charge unreasonably and cause damage to the battery.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: to overcome the deficiencies of existing chargers and provide a charging method for an intelligent charger. , the total mileage that the electric tool can travel after charging is selected, and the intelligent charger is automatically calculated and charged, and the charger has a simple structure, is convenient to use, is safe and reliable.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: the charging method of the smart charger, the smart charger includes a switching power supply module, a chopper circuit module, a battery, a discharge circuit module, a sampling circuit module, and a PWM output module , display module and intelligent control module, the mains is connected to the switching power supply module, the switching power supply module is connected to the chopper circuit module, the chopper circuit module and the sampling circuit module are respectively connected to the battery, the sampling circuit module is connected to the intelligent control module, and the intelligent control The modules are respectively connected with the PWM output module, the display module, the charging time setting module, the charging capacity setting module and the mileage setting module, and the PWM output module is connected with the chopper circuit module and the discharge circuit module respectively; it is characterized in that: the smart charger The normal charging steps are as follows:

1) After the program starts, the system is initialized first,

2) Initialize and set the charging time to zero, the mileage to zero, and set the road condition to be flat;

3) Set the charging mode flag, the normal charging flag is set to 1, the abnormal charging flag is set to 0, and the display device is initialized;

4) Battery capacity detection;

5) Calculate and display the mileage that can be traveled;

6) Determine whether the battery power is greater than 98%, if so, the battery full indicator light is on, and the charging is over;

7) If not, judge whether the normal charging flag is 1, if yes, enter the normal pulse charging mode, and simultaneously make a real-time judgment of whether the normal charging flag is 1 and whether the battery power is greater than 98%;

8) If it is not, enter to judge whether the abnormal charging flag is 1, if yes, perform abnormal fast charging mode, and perform real-time judgment on whether the abnormal charging flag is 1; if not, perform normal charging flag Whether it is a judgment of 1 or not, the whole program carries out the intelligent charging process according to this strategy until the charging is completed;

The abnormal fast charging steps described are as follows:

a) After abnormal fast charging starts, first judge whether the mileage is 0? , if it is not 0, first calculate the power required for the mileage, and then judge whether the remaining charging time is 0;

b) If the mileage is 0, directly judge whether the remaining charging time is 0? ;

c) If the charging time is 0, then detect the remaining capacity C of the battery, the initial charging current is 0.5C, and the charging is over;

d) If the charging time is not 0, calculate the charging capacity according to the remaining power and the required power;

e) Calculate the charging acceptance ratio based on the charging time and the capacity to be charged , if the charge accepts more than If it is greater than 1, adjust the charging acceptance ratio , if the charge accepts more than If it is less than or equal to 1, then the adjustable speed charging current is I,

f) Then judge the road condition, if it is road condition 1, then the charging current is , the charging is over, if it is road condition 2, the charging current is , charging ends;

g) When neither is the case, the charging current is , charging ends.

The switching power supply module is composed of capacitors C1, C2, rectifier bridge B1, switch tube M1, inductor L1, diode D1 and resistor R1;

The chopper circuit module is composed of optocoupler U1, Schmitt trigger U2, diodes D2, D3, D4, D5, capacitors C3, C4, switch tube M2, resistors R2, R3, R4, inductor L2 and microprocessor U5;

The discharge circuit module is composed of switch tubes M3, M4, resistor R8, optocoupler U3, U4 and microprocessor U5;

The sampling circuit module is composed of resistors R5, R6, R7 and microprocessor U5;

The charging time setting module is composed of button S1 and microprocessor U5;

The charging capacity setting module is composed of button S2 and microprocessor U5;

The module for setting the mileage is composed of button S3 and microprocessor U5;

The display module is composed of capacitors C5-C9, MAX232 chip U6, liquid crystal display Disp1 and microprocessor U5;

The intelligent control module and the PWM output module are microprocessor U5.

Charging principle:

1. If the user does not set the charging parameters, the smart charger will charge according to the Maas charging curve.

2. When the user sets the charging parameters, use the parameters input by the user (such as time, mileage, capacity), and then invert the charging acceptance ratio α according to Maas's law, and judge whether the value of α is greater than 1. If α≤1, then Charge according to α, if α>1, according to Maas's second law, the intelligent control module is optimized, and the charge acceptance ratio α is adjusted to be less than or equal to 1 through discharge control.

The calculation of charge acceptance ratio α in the intelligent control module is as follows:

Among them, Q is the amount of charge charged into the battery, C is the remaining capacity of the battery, M is a proportional coefficient, indicating the ratio of the amount of charge to be charged to the battery capacity, α is the acceptance ratio of the charging current, and I ₀ is the charging current at the beginning of charging The maximum current, t is the charging time.

Arrange the above formulas into:

When α>1, the adjustment strategy of the intelligent control module for the charging acceptance ratio α is:

According to Maas's second law: the battery charging current acceptance ratio α is proportional to the logarithm of the battery discharge current, that is: ; Among them, K and k are constants, and I _d is the battery discharge current. K and k are provided by the manufacturer or obtained through experiments.

After the battery is discharged, the current acceptable ratio increases rapidly, and then it is charged with a large current. After charging for a period of time, check the capacity and remaining time, and calculate the current acceptable ratio α. If the value of α is less than 1 at this time, charge according to α to the remaining The time is 0, when the remaining time is 0, stop charging.

3. If α is still greater than 1, continue the previous cycle until α is less than or equal to 1, then charge according to α until the remaining time is 0, or after several cycles, the remaining time is 0, stop charging.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the intelligent charger and the charging control strategy of the present invention is: the intelligent charger cooperates with the program software to fully realize intelligence, and can be charged according to the parameters set by the user. The power of the battery, the time required for charging, and the total mileage that the electric tool can travel after charging are automatically calculated and the charging strategy is selected, so that the charger can automatically calculate and charge according to the parameters set by the user. Make it easy for users to use. No manual operation is required.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a block diagram of the circuit principle of the smart charger.

Figure 2 is the main program flow chart.

Figure 3 is a flow chart of abnormal charging.

Figure 4 The schematic diagram of the smart charger circuit.

Among them: in Figure 1: 1 switching power supply module, 2 chopper circuit module, 3 battery, 4 discharge circuit module, 5 sampling circuit module, 6 charging time setting module, 7 charging capacity setting module, 8 driving mileage setting module, 9PWM Output module, 10 display module, 11 intelligent control module.

In Figure 4: U1, U3, U4 optocoupler U2 Schmitt trigger U5 microprocessor U6MAX232 chip Disp1 liquid crystal display R1-R8 resistance C1-C9 capacitor D1-D5 diode M1-M4 switch tube L1, L2 inductor B1 rectifier bridge S1-S4 button GND power ground SGND signal ground.

detailed description

Fig. 1～4 is preferred embodiment of the present invention, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1～4 the present invention is described further.

As shown in Figure 1: the smart charger includes a switching power supply module 1, a chopper circuit module 2, a battery 3, a discharge circuit module 4, a sampling circuit module 5, a PWM output module 9, a display module 10 and an intelligent control module 11, The commercial power is connected to the switching power supply module 1, the switching power supply module 1 is connected to the chopper circuit module 2, the chopper circuit module 2 and the sampling circuit module 5 are respectively connected to the battery 3, the sampling circuit module 5 is connected to the intelligent control module 11, and the intelligent control Module 11 is connected with PWM output module 9 , chopper circuit module 2 , discharge circuit module 4 , display module 10 , charging time setting module 6 , charging capacity setting module 7 and mileage setting module 8 .

As shown in Figure 2: Intelligent normal fast charging control strategy, the steps are as follows:

a) After the program starts, the system is initialized first,

b) Initialize the set time value to zero, the mileage value to zero, and set the road condition to be flat;

c) Set the charging mode flag, the normal charging flag is set to 1, the abnormal charging flag is set to 0, and the display device is initialized;

d) Battery capacity detection;

e) Calculate and display the travelable mileage;

f) Judging whether the battery power is greater than 98%, if so, the battery full indicator light is on, and the charging is over;

g) If not, judge whether the normal charging flag is 1, if yes, enter the normal pulse charging mode, and simultaneously make a real-time judgment of whether the normal charging flag is 1 and whether the battery power is greater than 98%;

h) If it is not, enter to judge whether the abnormal charging flag is 1, if yes, perform abnormal fast charging mode, and perform real-time judgment on whether the abnormal charging flag is 1; if not, perform normal charging flag Whether it is a judgment of 1 or not, the whole program carries out the intelligent charging process according to this strategy until the charging is completed.

Abnormal fast charging steps are as follows:

a) After abnormal fast charging starts, first judge whether the mileage is 0? , if it is not 0, first calculate the power required for the mileage, and then judge whether the remaining time is 0;

b) If the mileage is 0, directly judge whether the remaining time is 0? ;

c) If the time is 0, then detect the remaining capacity C of the battery, the initial charging current is 0.5C, and the charging ends;

d) If the time is not 0, calculate the capacity to be charged according to the remaining power and the required power;

e) Calculate the charging acceptance ratio α according to the charging time and the capacity to be charged. If the charging acceptance ratio α is greater than 1, adjust the charging acceptance ratio α. If the charging acceptance ratio α is less than or equal to 1, then adjust the charging current to I.

f) Judging the road condition again, if it is road condition 1, the charging current is K ₃ I , and the charging is completed; if it is road condition 2, the charging current is K ₁ I , and the charging is completed;

g) When neither is the case, the charging current is K ₂ I , and the charging ends.

Charging principle:

1. If the user does not set the charging parameters, the smart charger will charge according to the Maas charging curve.

2. When the user sets the charging parameters, use the parameters input by the user (such as time, mileage, capacity), and then invert the charging acceptance ratio α according to Maas's law, and judge whether the value of α is greater than 1. If α≤1, then Charge according to α, if α>1, according to Maas's second law, the intelligent control module is optimized, and the charge acceptance ratio α is adjusted to be less than or equal to 1 through discharge control.

The calculation of charge acceptance ratio α in the intelligent control module is as follows:

Among them, Q is the amount of charge charged into the battery, C is the remaining capacity of the battery, M is a proportional coefficient, indicating the ratio of the amount of charge to be charged to the battery capacity, α is the acceptance ratio of the charging current, and I ₀ is the charging current at the beginning of charging The maximum current, t is the charging time.

Arrange the above formulas into:

When α>1, the adjustment strategy of the intelligent control module for the charging acceptance ratio α is:

According to Maas's second law: the battery charging current acceptance ratio α is proportional to the logarithm of the battery discharge current, that is: ; Among them, K and k are constants, and I _d is the battery discharge current. K and k are provided by the manufacturer or obtained through experiments.

After the battery is discharged, the current acceptable ratio increases rapidly, and then it is charged with a large current. After charging for a period of time, check the capacity and remaining time, and calculate the current acceptable ratio α. If the value of α is less than 1 at this time, charge according to α to the remaining The time is 0, when the remaining time is 0, stop charging.

3. If α is still greater than 1, continue the previous cycle until α is less than or equal to 1, then charge according to α until the remaining time is 0, or after several cycles, the remaining time is 0, stop charging.

As shown in Figure 4: Microprocessor U5 is μPD78F0881A; U2 is a Schmitt trigger; U6 is a MAX232 chip.

The switching power supply module is composed of capacitors C1, C2, rectifier bridge B1, switch tube M1, inductor L1, diode D1 and resistor R1.

Chopper circuit module 2 is composed of optocoupler U1, Schmitt trigger U2, diodes D2, D3, D4, D5, capacitors C3, C4, switch tube M2, resistors R2, R3, R4, inductor L2 and microprocessor U5 .

The discharge circuit module 4 is composed of switch tubes M3, M4, resistor R8, optocouplers U3, U4 and a microprocessor U5.

The sampling circuit module 5 is composed of resistors R5, R6, R7 and a microprocessor U5.

The charging time setting module 6 is composed of a button S1 and a microprocessor U5.

The charging capacity setting module 7 is composed of a button S2 and a microprocessor U5.

The module 8 for setting the travelable mileage is composed of a button S3 and a microprocessor U5.

The display module 10 is composed of capacitors C5-C9, MAX232 chip U6, liquid crystal display Disp1 and microprocessor U5.

The intelligent control module 11 and the PWM output module 9 are microprocessor U5.

The pins 23 and 24 of the microprocessor U5 output a high level or a low level to control the on-off of the switch tube M4, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the discharge circuit;

The pin 25 of the microprocessor U5 outputs PWM digital pulse waves with a certain frequency, and after being shaped by the optocoupler U1 and the Schmitt trigger U2, it controls the working state of the switch tube M2 to achieve the purpose of pulse charging;

The pin 26 of the microprocessor U5 outputs a high level or a low level to control the charger to enter the discharge state or the charge state;

The 12-pin and 13-pin of microprocessor U5 communicate with MAX232U6 in accordance with the international RS232 communication protocol;

The pins 40 and 41 of the microprocessor U5 sample the voltage AD value and current AD value during the charging process in real time, as the basis for judging the pulse width modulation and the end of the charging and discharging timing during the charging process.

The pins 17, 18, 21, and 22 of the microprocessor U5 are used as interrupt flag pins. By judging the working status of the buttons S1~S4, the purpose of human-computer interaction input is achieved, so as to realize the charging time, charging capacity and available Setting of mileage.

Working process: When the user starts charging, when the battery capacity is greater than 98%, it will display that the charging is over. If it does not reach 98%, if the button is not pressed, the charger will follow the general principle of non-destructive fast charging. The electric current is 0.5C. If the charging button is pressed, the smart charger will detect and calculate the power to be charged and the charging time according to the pressed button. If α is less than 1 during the charging process, press α to charge until the end. If α When it is greater than 1, adjust α until α is less than or equal to 1, charging to the end or charging to the parameters set by the user.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention to other forms. Any skilled person who is familiar with this profession may use the technical content disclosed above to change or modify the equivalent of equivalent changes. Example. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A charging method for a smart charger, the smart charger includes a switching power supply module (1), a chopper circuit module (2), a battery (3), a discharge circuit module (4), a sampling circuit module (5), a PWM The output module (9), the display module (10) and the intelligent control module (11), the utility power is connected to the switching power supply module (1), the switching power supply module (1) is connected to the chopper circuit module (2), and the chopper circuit module (2), the sampling circuit module (5) is respectively connected with the battery (3), the sampling circuit module (5) is connected with the intelligent control module (11), and the intelligent control module (11) is respectively connected with the PWM output module (9), the display module (10), the charging time setting module (6), the charging capacity setting module (7) are connected with the driving mileage setting module (8), and the PWM output module (9) is connected with the chopper circuit module (2) and the discharge circuit module ( 4) connected; characterized in that: the normal charging steps of the smart charger are as follows: 1) After the program starts, the system is initialized first, 2) Initialize and set the charging time to zero, the mileage to zero, and set the road condition to be flat; 3) Set the charging mode flag, the normal charging flag is 1, the abnormal charging flag is set to 0, and initialize the display device; 4) Detection of battery remaining capacity; 5) Calculate and display the mileage that can be traveled; 6) Determine whether the battery power is greater than 98%, if so, the battery full indicator light is on, and the charging is over; 7) If not, judge whether the normal charging flag is 1, if yes, enter the normal pulse charging mode, and simultaneously make a real-time judgment of whether the normal charging flag is 1 and whether the battery power is greater than 98%; 8) If it is not, enter to judge whether the abnormal charging flag is 1, if yes, perform abnormal fast charging mode, and perform real-time judgment on whether the abnormal charging flag is 1; if not, perform normal charging flag Whether it is a judgment of 1 or not, the whole program carries out the intelligent charging process according to this strategy until the charging is completed; The abnormal fast charging steps described are as follows: a) After abnormal fast charging starts, first judge whether the mileage is 0? , if it is not 0, first calculate the power required for the mileage, and then judge whether the remaining charging time is 0; b) If the mileage is 0, directly judge whether the remaining charging time is 0? ; c) If the remaining charging time is 0, then detect the remaining battery capacity C, the initial charging current is 0.5C, and the charging is over; d) If the remaining charging time is not 0, calculate the charging capacity based on the remaining power and the required power; e) Calculate the charging acceptance ratio α according to the remaining charging time and the capacity to be charged. If the charging acceptance ratio α is greater than 1, adjust the charging acceptance ratio α. If the charging acceptance ratio α is less than or equal to 1, then adjust the charging current to I. f) Judging the road condition again, if it is road condition 1, the charging current is K ₃ I , and the charging is completed; if it is road condition 2, the charging current is K ₁ I , and the charging is completed; g) When neither is the case, the charging current is K ₂ I , and the charging ends. 2. A charging method for an intelligent charger according to claim 1, characterized in that: the switching power supply module (1) is composed of capacitors C1, C2, rectifier bridge B1, switch tube M1, inductor L1, diode D1 Composed of resistor R1; The chopper circuit module (2) consists of optocoupler U1, Schmitt trigger U2, diodes D2, D3, D4, D5, capacitors C3, C4, switch tube M2, resistors R2, R3, R4, inductor L2 and a microprocessor U5 composition; The discharge circuit module (4) is composed of switch tubes M3, M4, resistor R8, optocoupler U3, U4 and microprocessor U5; The sampling circuit module (5) is composed of resistors R5, R6, R7 and a microprocessor U5; The charging time setting module (6) is composed of button S1 and microprocessor U5; The charging capacity setting module (7) is composed of button S2 and microprocessor U5; The module for setting the mileage (8) is composed of button S3 and microprocessor U5; Display module (10) is made up of capacitor C5-C9, MAX232 chip U6, liquid crystal display Disp1 and microprocessor U5; The intelligent control module (11) and the PWM output module (9) are microprocessor U5.