CN103679238A - Cargo transportation midway environment monitoring method and device thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A method and device for monitoring the environment during the transportation of goods, comprising the following steps: 1. Installing a plurality of three-dimensionally distributed sensors in the car body to obtain the three-dimensionally distributed environmental data inside the car body, and obtaining the environmental data exceeding the preset value. data and its position; 2. Locate the RFID tags attached to the items in the box environment to obtain the position information of the item tags; 3. Associate the position information of the environmental data beyond the preset value with the position information of the item tags , writing the data exceeding the preset value into the item tag at the corresponding position. The present invention provides a method and device for monitoring the environment of items during transportation, which can monitor the environmental data of the items in the compartment during transportation and record them in item tags, such as item tags based on RFID technology. The invention can not only monitor the specific position of the vehicle, but also accurately monitor the position and environmental data of specific items in the vehicle.

Description

Method for supervising and the device of environment in goods transportation way

Technical field

The present invention relates to goods transportation dynamic monitoring field, particularly method for supervising and the device of environment in a kind of goods transportation way that is applicable to Internet of Things.

Background technology

Be similar to medicine part objects for storage environment, have strict requirement, the requirement for environment in storing process is comparatively strict, from producing until sales section, article all should be kept in adapt circumstance.

Current, the means that China carries out environmental monitoring to the part commodity of environment sensitive in transportation are comparatively backward, take monitoring temperature as example, and its technological means mainly comprises: temperature label test paper, temperature colour developing label card, electron temperature record label, temperature sensor, RFID temperature label etc.Because existing monitoring temperature means are subject to the restriction of cost and technology, be difficult to realize the whole space temperature of described envelope is comprehensively monitored.

In realizing process of the present invention, inventor finds that prior art at least exists following problem:

Because the environmental monitoring means of using in prior art are subject to the restriction of cost and technology, be difficult to realize the temperature in the whole space of described envelope is comprehensively monitored.When unexpected when occurring in transit (as car door is surprisingly opened, the some air outlet inefficacies of refrigeration plant etc.), can cause the environment of local space in envelope to occur changing, this kind of variation is difficult to monitoring.

Chinese patent literature CN101669151A discloses a kind of method of monitoring parcel, sentry's indication mechanism and logistics system, be that each comprises or article all need independent sensor, cost is higher, and the location of article is comparatively rough, for example adopt GPS or GNSS Locating System Accuracy only can monitor the position of article in vehicle, and can not monitor the more accurate position of article in vehicle interior.

Summary of the invention

Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide method for supervising and the device of environment in a kind of goods transportation way, can monitor the environmental data of article in compartment envelope in transit and be recorded in article tag.

For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: the method for supervising of environment in a kind of goods transportation way, comprises the following steps:

One, a plurality of three-dimensional sensors that distribute are set in compartment envelope, obtain the inner three-dimensional environmental data distributing of envelope, obtain exceeding in environmental data data and the position thereof of preset value;

Two, the RFID label adhering on article in envelope environment is positioned, to obtain the positional information of article tag;

Three, by exceeding the positional information of environmental data of preset value and the positional information of article tag, undertaken associatedly, the described data that exceed preset value are write in the article tag of correspondence position.

Preferably, in step 1, comprise the following steps:

One, set up space coordinates, according to the size of article, by the three dimensions of compartment envelope discrete be equal-sized regular discrete unit;

Two, by a plurality of sensor random arrangement in a plurality of discrete units;

Three, using the geometric center of each discrete unit as interpolation point, obtain the distance that interpolation is put each sensor, adopt and carry out three dimensions interpolation apart from weight reciprocal, carry out global search, try to achieve the environmental data of various discrete unit;

Four, the environmental data of various discrete unit and preset value are compared, obtain the component environment data that exceed preset value in environmental data.

Preferably, in step 2, comprise the following steps:

One, in compartment envelope, arrange at least four separation and known location rfid interrogator;

Two, according to article tag to be positioned, arrive the signal strength data of each rfid interrogator, obtain article tag to be positioned to the distance of each rfid interrogator, and obtain the position of article tag to be positioned.

Preferably, four rfid interrogators, one of them is as the initial point of coordinate system, its excess-three respectively as in x-axis, y-axis and z-axis a bit.

Preferably, the signal strength data of collecting, processes signal strength data by gaussian filtering and weighted mean;

By in the indoor classical distance～loss model of the signal strength data substitution after processing, obtain environmental parameter and the distance value of model;

Described gaussian filtering refers to by certain data processing and reduces the impact of small probability event on whole event;

Described indoor classical distance～loss model refers to through real example, and summarize the rule of the signal intensity obeys logarithm normal distribution receiving after multipath transmisstion, by signal, the decay in space carrys out estimated distance to this model.

In step 3, use least square location algorithm to treat positioning label position and carry out refinement, comprising:

Using the rfid interrogator of location aware as with reference to rfid interrogator;

For label to be positioned, obtain with reference to the distance between rfid interrogator and label to be positioned, and form distance set;

Adjust the distance and carry out cluster, reject the reference rfid interrogator that some numerical value differ greatly, remaining with reference to rfid interrogator continuation participation location;

The reference rfid interrogator of the accumulation cluster degree minimum of chosen distance error is as reference rfid interrogator;

Adopt least square method to ask for the coordinate of target to be positioned.

In goods transportation way, a supervising device for environment, comprises environment information acquisition module, position acquisition module and information writing module;

Environmental data acquisition module, for according to the three-dimensional distributed data of described compartment envelope transport space environment, obtains the data that exceed default environment value in described three-dimensional distributed data;

Position acquisition module, for using RFID location algorithm to position envelope environment article tag, obtains the positional information of article tag;

Information writing module, is undertaken associatedly by exceeding the positional information of environmental data of preset value and the positional information of article tag, and the described data that exceed preset value are write in the article tag of correspondence position.

Environmental data acquisition module comprises:

The first data capture unit, for being used three-dimensional interpolation algorithm to obtain the three-dimensional distributed data of described envelope transport space environment;

The second data capture unit, for described three-dimensional distributed data and described default environment value are compared, obtains the data that exceed default environment value in described three-dimensional distributed data.

Described the first data capture unit is used for setting up space coordinates, according to the size of article case, transport space is carried out to discretize processing, the size of each unit and article packing in the same size, by the three dimensions of compartment envelope discrete be equal-sized regular discrete unit; As a reference point with described environment information acquisition equipment, in several discrete units of three dimensions that several environment information acquisition deployed with devices are transported at described envelope; Using the geometric center of each discrete unit as interpolation point, obtain point to be inserted to each sensor distance, adopt and carry out three-dimensional interpolation apart from weight reciprocal, carry out global search, try to achieve the environmental data of various discrete unit.

Described position acquisition module comprises:

Range cells, for using signal strength data and indoor range finding model, obtains the distance of rfid interrogator and label to be positioned;

Location information acquiring unit, for the range information by rfid interrogator and label to be positioned and location model, obtains the positional information of label to be positioned;

Position refinement unit, carries out refinement for using improved least square location algorithm to treat positioning label position.

Described range cells, for collecting signal strength data, processes signal strength data by described gaussian filtering and weighted mean; By in the indoor classical distance～loss model of the signal strength data substitution after processing, obtain environmental parameter and the distance value of model;

Described position refinement unit is for using the rfid interrogator of location aware as with reference to rfid interrogator; For label to be positioned, obtain with reference to the distance between rfid interrogator and label to be positioned, and form distance set; Adjust the distance and carry out cluster, reject the reference rfid interrogator that some numerical value differ greatly, remaining with reference to rfid interrogator continuation participation location; The reference rfid interrogator of the accumulation cluster degree minimum of chosen distance error is as reference rfid interrogator; Adopt improved least square method to ask for the coordinate of target to be positioned.

Method for supervising and the device of environment in a kind of goods transportation provided by the invention way, can monitor the environmental data of article in compartment envelope in transit and be recorded in article tag, for example the article tag based on RFID technology.The present invention not only can monitor vehicle particular location, can also precise monitoring vehicle in position and the environmental data of concrete article.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described:

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of apparatus of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the structural representation that in the present invention, rfid interrogator is arranged in compartment envelope.

Embodiment

A method for supervising for environment in goods transportation way, comprises the following steps:

One, a plurality of three-dimensional sensors that distribute are set in compartment envelope, obtain the inner three-dimensional environmental data distributing of envelope, obtain exceeding in environmental data data and the position thereof of preset value;

Two, the RFID label adhering on article in envelope environment is positioned, to obtain the positional information of article tag;

Three, by exceeding the positional information of environmental data of preset value and the positional information of article tag, undertaken associatedly, the described data that exceed preset value are write in the article tag of correspondence position.

The technical scheme that the embodiment of the present invention provides, by RFID location algorithm is combined with three-dimensional interpolation algorithm, utilize the storage characteristics of RFID label in prior art, realization is comprehensively monitored the environment in envelope space, compartment, and acquisition exceeds the environmental data of preset value, be then written in article tag, therefore can record the accident because of in transit, the impact that article are caused and article are changed, and this variation is ignorant in prior art, thereby cause the consequence that is difficult to expectation, after adopting the present invention, the consequence that this variation in transit causes is avoidable.Adopt and coordinate other modes such as warning, remote information transmission, this variation even can approach real-time being prevented from.Especially, method of the present invention can accurately be applicable to the many article that simultaneously transport, and can not affect other article, even if each article are different for the requirement of environment, also can guarantee that each article are suitable for different environmental datas.Different from prior art, the present invention not be used on each article sensor is set, even if there is variation in the size of transportation article, the environmental data producing by interpolation method, still can with change after article realize corresponding, therefore the present invention also can be recycled, and further reduces use cost.Sensor in this example includes but not limited to temperature, humidity, acceleration and pressure transducer, obtains correspondingly temperature, humidity, acceleration and pressure environment data, to adapt to the movement requirement of different article.

Preferably, in step 1, comprise the following steps:

One, set up space coordinates, according to the size of article, by the three dimensions of compartment envelope discrete be equal-sized regular discrete unit;

First discretize processing being carried out to according to the size of article case in envelope space, set up space coordinates, is M*N*Q interpolation point according to large young pathbreaker's envelope spatial division of each article case.

Two, by a plurality of sensor random arrangement in a plurality of discrete units;

Three, using the geometric center of each discrete unit as interpolation point, obtain the distance that interpolation is put each sensor, adopt and carry out three dimensions interpolation apart from weight reciprocal, carry out global search, try to achieve the environmental data of various discrete unit;

Obtain described to be inserted some N to each environment information acquisition equipment M _idistance be di,

The property value environment value T that wherein N is ordered is

$T=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}\frac{\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{\left(d_i\right)}^{-u}{T}_i}{\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{\left(d_i\right)}^{-u}},& d_i\≠0\\ T_i,d_i=0& i\end{array}\right.$

Wherein n is illustrated in the sampled point number searching out in spherical search window, and u generally gets 2, represents the described index apart from weight reciprocal, adopts global search.

More than to use described three-dimensional interpolation algorithm to obtain the process of the three-dimensional distributed data of environment in described envelope transport space.

Four, the environmental data of various discrete unit and preset value are compared, obtain the component environment data that exceed preset value in environmental data.

In step 2, comprise the following steps:

One, in compartment envelope, arrange at least four separation and known location rfid interrogator;

Two, according to article tag to be positioned, arrive the signal strength data of each rfid interrogator, obtain article tag to be positioned to the distance of each rfid interrogator, and obtain the position of article tag to be positioned.

Four rfid interrogators, one of them is as the initial point of coordinate system, its excess-three respectively as in x-axis, y-axis and z-axis a bit.

The signal strength data of collecting, processes signal strength data by gaussian filtering and weighted mean;

Described gaussian filtering is applicable to the event of approximate Normal Distribution, for reducing the impact of small probability event on whole event.When a rfid interrogator obtains n RSSI value in the period, by gaussian filtering, choose the RSSI value of high probability, reject small probability event, then get geometrical mean.Reduce like this event of small probability to whole impact, improved the precision of location.

Wherein the formula of gauss of distribution function is:

$f\left(x\right)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\mathrm{\π\σ}}}{e}^{-\frac{{(x-\mathrm{\μ})}^2}{2{\mathrm{\σ}}^2}};$

In formula:

$\mathrm{\μ}=\frac{1}{n}\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{x}_i,{\mathrm{\σ}}^2=\frac{1}{n-1}\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{(x_i-\mathrm{\μ})}^2;$

If be greater than 0.6 for high probability, have

0.6≤f(x)≤1；

Wherein:

$\mathrm{\μ}=\frac{1}{n}\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{\mathrm{RSSI}}_i,\mathrm{\σ}=\sqrt{\frac{1}{n-1}\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{({\mathrm{RSSI}}_i-\frac{1}{n}\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{\mathrm{RSSI}}_i)}^2};$

0.15σ+μ≤x≤3.09σ+μ；

After gaussian filtering, by the filtered RSSI value of taking-up and ask its geometrical mean, being relatively accurate RSSI value after processing is signal strength data.

Logarithm path loss model is to use the change in signal strength of the most general description RFID label in indoor propagated process.

$\mathrm{PL}\left(d\right)=\mathrm{PL}\left(d_0\right)+10\mathrm{nlg}\left(\frac{d}{d_0}\right)+X_{\mathrm{\σ}};$

Wherein PL (d) means that signal is through the path loss of transmission range d, and in indoor environment, d0 generally gets 1m, PL (d) and PL (d0) YidBWei unit.N is path loss index, its value relevant with environmental factor around (shadowing factor and envirment factor), and span is generally [2,5].X σ is that average is 0, and standard deviation is the Gaussian noise (shadowing factor) of σ (dB), represents that the path loss of signal intensity is with the speed of distance growth.

There is following relation with the intensity of emissive power Pt and signal echo in path loss PL (d):

P _r(d)=P _t-PL(d)；

Have:

$P_r\left(d\right)=P_r\left(d_0\right)-10\mathrm{klg}\left(\frac{d}{d_0}\right)-X_{\mathrm{\σ}};$

What Pr (d0) represented is the label signal intensity that rfid interrogator receives at d0 place, and what Pr (d) represented is the label signal intensity that rfid interrogator receives, and its unit is dBm, by this formula, can obtain the relation between distance and RSSI.

Work as d ₀during=1m, in above formula, can be rewritten as:

P _r(d)=A-10klg(d)-X _σ；

In above formula, parameter A and k are empirical values, and its value is relevant with concrete actual environment of living in and hardware, and in different environment, A is different from k, therefore need in actual environment, test.Therefore, suitable A and k must be selected, range error could be reduced as much as possible.In order to reduce the impact of environment, can take described least-squares algorithm to carry out curve fitting, determine A optimum in current environment and the value of k, and then set up relatively accurate indoor range finding model.

The step of utilizing least square method to carry out matching is:

(if xi, yi) (i=1,2 ... N), and be given data, equation y=f (x)=Sx+T, asks S with least square fitting straight line, and T also makes:

$E(S,T)=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{[f\left(x_i\right)-y_i]}^2=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{[S{x}_i+T-y_i]}^2$ Minimum, asks local derviation to E (S, T)

$\frac{\∂E(S,T)}{\∂S}=0,\frac{\∂E(S,T)}{\∂T}=0;$

Have:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}S\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{x_i}^2+T\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{x}_i=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{x}_i{y}_i\\ S\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{x}_i+\mathrm{NT}=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{y}_i\end{array}\right.;$

Can obtain S, T, and guarantee E (S, T) minimum.Therefore for formula (1), P _r(d) linear with lgd, therefore, can be by some groups of (P _r(d), lgd), and carry out matching with least-squares algorithm, obtain the value of optimum A and k.

Said process is summarized as: by the indoor classical distance～loss model of the signal strength data substitution after processing, obtain environmental parameter and the distance value of model;

Described gaussian filtering refers to by certain data processing and reduces the impact of small probability event on whole event;

Described indoor classical distance～loss model refers to through real example, and summarize the rule of the signal intensity obeys logarithm normal distribution receiving after multipath transmisstion, by signal, the decay in space carrys out estimated distance to this model.

A kind of clustering algorithm that the present invention also provides, described method comprises:

Obtain the total n of sample, and n sample is divided into n class;

Calculate the distance between class between two, build symmetry distance matrix;

Off-diagonal least member in chosen distance matrix, is merged into a new class by two classes of least member;

Two corresponding row of class of cancellation least member and row, a line and the row that add new class and the remaining between class distance not being aggregated to form, obtain new distance matrix;

Repeat abovementioned steps, find off-diagonal least member in new distance matrix, until meet the end condition of classification, export optimum cluster.

In step 3, use least square location algorithm to treat positioning label position and carry out refinement, comprising:

Using the rfid interrogator of location aware as with reference to rfid interrogator;

For label to be positioned, obtain with reference to the distance between rfid interrogator and label to be positioned, and form distance set;

Adjust the distance and carry out cluster, reject the reference rfid interrogator that some numerical value differ greatly, remaining with reference to rfid interrogator continuation participation location;

The reference rfid interrogator of the accumulation cluster degree minimum of chosen distance error is as reference rfid interrogator;

Adopt least square method to ask for the coordinate of target to be positioned.

The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of LSL_DCRB algorithm flow, and described method comprises:

Using the rfid interrogator of location aware as described with reference to rfid interrogator;

For label to be positioned, obtain with reference to the distance between rfid interrogator and label to be positioned, and form distance set;

Adjust the distance and carry out described cluster, reject described with reference to rfid interrogator that some numerical value differ greatly, remaining with reference to rfid interrogator continuation participation location;

The reference rfid interrogator of the accumulation cluster degree minimum of the distance error described in selecting is as described reference rfid interrogator;

Adopt least square method to ask for the coordinate of target to be positioned.

In system of equations, introduce range error, have:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{(x_1-x)}^2+{(y_1-y)}^2={{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="d"\; filenames="131226183005.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">d</figure-callout>}}_1}^2+e_1\\ {(x_2-x)}^2+{(y_2-y)}^2={d_2}^2+e_2\\ \&CenterDot;\\ \&CenterDot;\\ \&CenterDot;\\ {(x_{n-1}-x)}^2+{(y_{n-1}-y)}^2={d_{n-1}}^2+e_{n-1}\\ {(x_n-x)}^2+{(y_n-y)}^2={d_n}^2+e_n\end{array}\right.;$

In above-mentioned system of equations, other separate equations of system of equations deduct j equation and carry out depression of order,

AX=B ^*+E

Wherein:

$B^{*}=\left[\begin{array}{c}(x_1^2-x_j^2)+({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="y"\; filenames="131226183005.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">y</figure-callout>}}_1^2-y_j^2)-({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="d"\; filenames="131226183005.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">d</figure-callout>}}_1^2-d_j^2)\\ (x_2^2-x_j^2)+(y_2^2-y_j^2)-(d_2^2-d_j^2)\\ \&CenterDot;\\ \&CenterDot;\\ \&CenterDot;\\ (x_{j-1}^2-x_j^2)+(y_{j-1}^2-y_j^2)-(d_{j-1}^2-d_j^2)\\ (x_{j+1}^2-x_j^2)+(y_{j+1}^2-y_j^2)-(d_{j+1}^2-d_j^2)\\ \&CenterDot;\\ \&CenterDot;\\ \&CenterDot;\\ (x_n^2-x_j^2)+(y_n^2-y_j^2)-(d_n^2-d_j^2)\end{array}\right];$

$E=\left[\begin{array}{c}(e_j-e_1)\\ (e_j-e_2)\\ \&CenterDot;\\ \&CenterDot;\\ \&CenterDot;\\ (e_j-e_{j-1})\\ (e_j-e_{j+1})\\ \&CenterDot;\\ \&CenterDot;\\ \&CenterDot;\\ (e_j-e_n)\end{array}\right]$

AX=B ^*+E，X=(A ^TA) ^-1A ^T(B ^*+E)

Above-mentioned steps is to use improved least square location algorithm to treat the process that refinement is carried out in positioning label position.

In goods transportation way, a supervising device for environment, comprises environment information acquisition module, position acquisition module and information writing module;

Environmental data acquisition module, for according to the three-dimensional distributed data of described compartment envelope transport space environment, obtains the data that exceed default environment value in described three-dimensional distributed data;

Position acquisition module, for using RFID location algorithm to position envelope environment article tag, obtains the positional information of article tag;

Information writing module, is undertaken associatedly by exceeding the positional information of environmental data of preset value and the positional information of article tag, and the described data that exceed preset value are write in the article tag of correspondence position.

Environmental data acquisition module comprises:

The first data capture unit, for being used three-dimensional interpolation algorithm to obtain the three-dimensional distributed data of described envelope transport space environment;

The second data capture unit, for described three-dimensional distributed data and described default environment value are compared, obtains the data that exceed default environment value in described three-dimensional distributed data.

Described the first data capture unit is used for setting up space coordinates, according to the size of article case, transport space is carried out to discretize processing, the size of each unit and article packing in the same size, by the three dimensions of compartment envelope discrete be equal-sized regular discrete unit; As a reference point with described environment information acquisition equipment, in several discrete units of three dimensions that several environment information acquisition deployed with devices are transported at described envelope; Using the geometric center of each discrete unit as interpolation point, obtain point to be inserted to each sensor distance, adopt and carry out three-dimensional interpolation apart from weight reciprocal, carry out global search, try to achieve the environmental data of various discrete unit.

Described position acquisition module comprises:

Range cells, for using signal strength data and indoor range finding model, obtains the distance of rfid interrogator and label to be positioned;

Location information acquiring unit, for the range information by rfid interrogator and label to be positioned and location model, obtains the positional information of label to be positioned;

Position refinement unit, carries out refinement for using improved least square location algorithm to treat positioning label position.

Described range cells, for collecting signal strength data, processes signal strength data by described gaussian filtering and weighted mean; By in the indoor classical distance～loss model of the signal strength data substitution after processing, obtain environmental parameter and the distance value of model;

Described position refinement unit is for using the rfid interrogator of location aware as with reference to rfid interrogator; For label to be positioned, obtain with reference to the distance between rfid interrogator and label to be positioned, and form distance set; Adjust the distance and carry out cluster, reject the reference rfid interrogator that some numerical value differ greatly, remaining with reference to rfid interrogator continuation participation location; The reference rfid interrogator of the accumulation cluster degree minimum of chosen distance error is as reference rfid interrogator; Adopt improved least square method to ask for the coordinate of target to be positioned.

It should be noted that: during the monitoring of the supervising device of the described environment in transit that above-described embodiment provides environment in goods transportation way, only the division with above-mentioned each functional module is illustrated, in practical application, can above-mentioned functions be distributed and by different functional modules, completed as required, the inner structure of the equipment of being about to is divided into different functional modules, to complete all or part of function described above.In addition, in the goods transportation way that above-described embodiment provides, in the supervising device of environment and goods transportation way, the method for supervising embodiment of environment belongs to same design, and its specific implementation process refers to embodiment of the method, repeats no more here.

The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention not all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (11)

1. A method for monitoring the environment during the transportation of articles, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: 1. A plurality of three-dimensionally distributed sensors are installed in the carriage body to obtain the three-dimensionally distributed environmental data inside the carriage body, and obtain the data and their positions exceeding the preset value in the environmental data; 2. Locate the RFID tags attached to the items in the box environment to obtain the location information of the item tags; 3. Associating the position information of the environmental data exceeding the preset value with the position information of the item tag, and writing the data exceeding the preset value into the item tag at the corresponding position. 2. A method for monitoring the environment during the transportation of goods according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 1, comprising the following steps: 1. Establish a spatial coordinate system, and discretize the three-dimensional space of the carriage body into regular discrete units of equal size according to the size of the item; 2. Randomly arrange multiple sensors in multiple discrete units; 3. Take the geometric center of each discrete unit as the point to be interpolated, obtain the distance from the point to be interpolated to each sensor, use the reciprocal of the distance weight to perform three-dimensional space interpolation, and perform a global search to obtain the environmental data of each discrete unit; 4. Comparing the environmental data of each discrete unit with the preset value, and obtaining part of the environmental data exceeding the preset value in the environmental data. 3. A method for monitoring the environment during the transportation of goods according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 2, comprising the following steps: 1. Install at least four separate and known RFID readers in the compartment; 2. Obtain the distance from the tag of the item to be located to each RFID reader-writer according to the signal strength data of the tag of the item to be located when it arrives at each RFID reader-writer, and obtain the position of the tag of the item to be located. 4. The method for monitoring the environment in a kind of article transportation according to claim 3, characterized in that: four RFID readers, one of which is used as the origin of the coordinate system, and the remaining three are respectively used as x-axis, y-axis and z A point on the axis. 5. A method for monitoring the environment during the transportation of articles according to claim 3, characterized in that: the collected signal strength data is processed by Gaussian filtering and weighted average; Substitute the processed signal strength data into the indoor classic distance-loss model to obtain the environmental parameters and distance values of the model; The Gaussian filter refers to reducing the impact of small probability events on the overall event through certain data processing; The indoor classical distance-loss model refers to the rule that the received signal strength obeys the log-normal distribution after multipath propagation is concluded through empirical evidence, and the model estimates the distance through the attenuation of the signal in space. 6. A method for monitoring the environment during the transportation of goods according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step 3, use the least squares positioning algorithm to refine the position of the label to be located, including: Use the RFID reader whose location is known as the reference RFID reader; For the tag to be located, obtain the distance between the reference RFID reader and the tag to be located, and form a distance set; Cluster the distance, remove some reference RFID readers with large numerical differences, and the remaining reference RFID readers continue to participate in positioning; Select the reference RFID reader with the minimum cumulative clustering degree of the distance error as the benchmark reference RFID reader; The coordinates of the target to be positioned are obtained by the least square method. 7. A monitoring device for the environment during the transportation of goods, characterized in that: Including environment information acquisition module, location acquisition module and information writing module; An environmental data acquisition module, configured to acquire data exceeding a preset environmental value in the three-dimensional distribution data according to the three-dimensional distribution data of the environment in the carriage body transportation space; The position acquisition module is used to use the RFID positioning algorithm to locate the item tag in the car body environment, and obtain the position information of the item tag; The information writing module associates the position information of the environmental data exceeding the preset value with the position information of the item tag, and writes the data exceeding the preset value into the item tag at the corresponding position. 8. A monitoring device according to claim 7, characterized in that the environmental data acquisition module comprises: The first data acquisition unit is configured to use a three-dimensional space interpolation algorithm to acquire the three-dimensional distribution data of the environment in the car body transportation space; The second data acquisition unit is configured to compare the stereo distribution data with the preset environment value, and acquire data exceeding the preset environment value in the stereo distribution data. 9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that: the first data acquisition unit is used to establish a space coordinate system, according to the size of the article packing box, the transport space is discretized, and the size of each unit is the same as The size of the item packaging is consistent, and the three-dimensional space of the carriage body is discretized into regular discrete units of equal size; taking the environmental information acquisition device as a reference point, deploying several environmental information acquisition devices in the three-dimensional space of the carriage body transportation In several discrete units; take the geometric center of each discrete unit as the point to be interpolated, obtain the distance from the point to be interpolated to each sensor, use the reciprocal of the distance weight to interpolate in three-dimensional space, perform a global search, and obtain the distance of each discrete unit environmental data. 10. A monitoring device according to claim 7, characterized in that said position acquisition module comprises: The ranging unit is used to obtain the distance between the RFID reader and the tag to be positioned by using the signal strength data and the indoor ranging model; The location information acquisition unit is used to obtain the location information of the tag to be positioned through the distance information and the positioning model between the RFID reader and the tag to be positioned; The position refinement unit is configured to use an improved least squares positioning algorithm to refine the position of the label to be positioned. 11. A monitoring device according to claim 10, characterized in that: The ranging unit is used to collect signal strength data, and process the signal strength data through the Gaussian filter and weighted average; substitute the processed signal strength data into the indoor classic distance-loss model, and obtain the environmental parameters of the model and distance value; The position refinement unit is used to use the RFID reader-writer whose position is known as the reference RFID reader-writer; for the tag to be positioned, obtain the distance between the reference RFID reader-writer and the tag to be positioned, and form a distance set; The distance is clustered, and some reference RFID readers with large numerical differences are eliminated, and the remaining reference RFID readers continue to participate in positioning; the reference RFID reader with the smallest cumulative clustering degree of distance error is selected as the reference reference RFID reader device; use the improved least squares method to find the coordinates of the target to be located.

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