CN103604875A - 甲基苯丙胺滥用者血清代谢标志物的测定方法 - Google Patents
甲基苯丙胺滥用者血清代谢标志物的测定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103604875A CN103604875A CN201310226406.7A CN201310226406A CN103604875A CN 103604875 A CN103604875 A CN 103604875A CN 201310226406 A CN201310226406 A CN 201310226406A CN 103604875 A CN103604875 A CN 103604875A
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- methamphetamine
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Abstract
本发明公开了“甲基苯丙胺滥用者的血清代谢标志物测定方法”。主要是利用基于气相质谱、液相质谱等分析技术和方法,定量测定甲基苯丙胺滥用者血液中内源性小分子化合物,通过计算和比较滥用组与正常组内源性小分子化合物相对浓度差异,用于实际中甲基苯丙胺滥用程度的诊断。与现有的其它临床诊断指标相比,该方法适应面广、灵敏、取样简便、操作简单、对机体无伤害。更适用于甲基苯丙胺滥用临床指标缺乏,提高甲基苯丙胺滥用者鉴定的效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及甲基苯丙胺滥用血清代谢标志物的测定方法,具体涉及采用气相色谱质谱和液相色谱质谱方法检测人血样中内源性小分子,采用相对定量或绝对定量方法测定甲基苯丙胺滥用嫌疑人血清中内源性小分子,与正常人血清内小分子含量范围进行比较,作为评判依据。
背景技术
甲基苯丙胺的外观为纯白结晶体,晶莹剔透,故被吸毒、贩毒者称为“冰”。由于对人体的中枢神经系统具有极强的刺激作用,且毒性剧烈,又称之为“冰毒”。冰毒吸食后会产生强烈的生理兴奋,能大量消耗人的体力和降低免疫功能,严重损害心脏、大脑组织甚至导致死亡。吸食成瘾者还会造成精神障碍,表现出妄想、好斗等。冰毒的精神依赖性极强,已成为目前国际上危害最大的毒品之一,目前,甲基苯丙胺的滥用快速蔓延,且呈上升趋势,在我国也成为新型毒品滥用的主要品种。随着甲基苯丙胺滥用及成瘾人数的不断增加,其引发的公共卫生问题和社会问题也愈发严重。如何快速准确的判断是否存在甲基苯丙胺滥用及成瘾的深度和其对机体损害程度的大小越来越引起人们的重视。
长期以来,公安实际工作中对于如何判断吸食、注射毒品成瘾的标准存在一些问题。医学上判断吸食、注射毒品成瘾主要是运用CCMD-3、DSM-IV、ICD-10药物依赖性标准,但具体分析这三个标准,发现其中的内容都是主观判断,需要医生通过将病人自述症状于三个标准中的子项进行核对,才能判断是否药物成瘾。而这些自述症状也因心理素质、疼痛阈值等个体差异的不同,造成医生误判。它虽然有客观标准的子项,但其子项的得分来源于病人的主观判断。这个医学标准在对于自愿戒毒人员的吸食、注射毒品是否成瘾的诊断上是非常客观正确的。但在整个禁毒斗争中,被抓获的吸毒人员为了逃避打击,不承认自己吸毒的事实,也就没有了真实的“自述症状”,因而无法和医学上的客观标准子项进行对比,也就不能用医学标准来判断吸食、注射毒品是否成瘾。
因此,目前用于甲基苯丙胺滥用的临床指标局限性大,缺乏一种相对快速准确的测定方法,使公安实际工作中认定甲基苯丙胺滥用程序繁琐,工作效率降低,工作强度增加。
代谢组学通过对机体内内源性小分子化合物进行定量分析,寻找代谢物与生理病理变化的相对关系。机体内源性小分子物质组是生命活动的基础,机体的功能状态必然反映在体内 代谢组(内源性小分子化合物总称)上。研究表明,长期滥用毒品对机体代谢功能及体内大量小分子化合物水平影响很大。利用合适的代谢组学检测工具,可以检测生物样本中数百甚至上千个分子量小于1000的各类小分子化合物。其中GC/MS对很多化合物检测灵敏度高达10-12mol(绝对检测限),相对灵敏度达10-9mol/mL,而HPLC/TOFMS的检测灵敏度则可达到10-14mol。应用GC/TOFMS和HPLC/TOFMS,可以检测包括氨基酸、糖醇类化合物、脂肪酸类、脂类、小分子有机酸类、核苷和嘌呤化合物、氨类化合物、神经递质等各类内源性小分子代谢物。这类小分子物质是机体进行能量合成代谢分解的基础,当机体环境发生变化时,这些小分子代谢物的含量也随之改变。因此,检测的体内小分子的变化可以综合体现体内微环境的变化。目前,没有利用代谢组学检测手段检测血清中分子快速判断毒品滥用程度的报道。
发明内容
本发明需要解决的技术问题是:利用代谢组学的高通量检测及数据处理方法,鉴定并定量分析血清中小分子化合物,用于甲基苯丙胺滥用的快速诊断。
为解决上述问题,本发明提供如下技术方案,步骤包括:
样品采集和处理:采集甲基苯丙胺滥用者血清和健康人血清;按照1∶4(血清-甲醇)加入甲醇沉淀蛋白和提取,离心后取上清液处理后进样测定。
样品分析与测定:用于气相色谱-质谱检测的样品先进行干燥,随后衍生化处理后进样测定。
数据处理与处理与代谢标志物鉴定:对检测样品进行分析,发现并鉴定在正常组与滥用组之间有显著差异的化合物,采用上述方法进行定量检测。
本发明的有益效果:
1.通过检测甲基苯丙胺滥用诊断标志物可快速发现毒品滥用者对毒品的滥用程度。
2.与实际现有诊断方法相比,本方法测定血液中与代谢相关的分子,测定更加灵敏、特异性强,操作方便、对甲基苯丙胺成瘾者伤害性小,便于实施。
具体实施方式
本发明通过下面的实施例进行详细的解释,但并不意味着本发明仅限于此。
甲基苯丙胺滥用快速诊断的血清代谢标志物测定方法
1.实验方案和样品采集
39名健康人(男性23人,女性16人)和41名甲基苯丙胺滥用者(男性29人,女性12人)分别记录其性别、年龄、滥用年限,筛查肝肾功能指标,包括谷丙、谷草、谷氨酰、尿素氮、肌酐、血糖值,确认其均在正常范围。健康志愿者和甲基苯丙胺滥用者早晨空腹时采血1ml入凝胶管,3500rpm离心后收集上层血清,-80℃保存。
2.样品处理
冷冻血清在37℃水浴解冻20min,涡旋振荡后,取50μl血清加入200μl含有稳定同位素13C标记肉蔻酸的甲醇溶液(2.5μg/ml)涡旋振荡3min,4℃冰箱静置1小时,19600g和4℃离心10min,取100μl上清液于GC小瓶中,减压挥干。向GC小瓶中加入30μl甲氧胺吡啶溶液(10mg/ml),涡旋振荡3min,室温下静置16h进行肟化。加入30μl三甲基硅烷基三氟乙酰MSTFA(含1%TMCS作为催化剂),涡旋振荡1min,室温静置1h进行衍生化反应,最后再加入30μl外标甲基肉蔻酸酯的庚烷溶液(30μg/ml),混合后GC-MS检测。
另取50μl血清加入含有稳定同位素13C肉蔻酸内标(2.5μg/ml,200μl)甲醇溶液,涡旋振荡3min,12000g和4℃离心15min,取200μl上清液过0.22μm的有机微孔滤膜后转入进样瓶,进行HPLC-QTOF/MS检测。
3.GC-MS测定
仪器:气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)检测系统(岛津气相色谱质谱联用仪:GCMS-QP2010)。
色谱条件:色谱柱:DB-5石英毛细管柱(10m×0.18mm i.d.,J&W Scientific,USA);进样量:1μl,采用分流进样模式;载气:氦气;恒流速度:1ml/min;程序升温模式:70℃保持2.0min,然后以35℃/min线性匀速线性升温至305℃,保持2.0min。
质谱条件:进样口温度:250℃;清洗时间和流速:1min,20ml/min;传输管温度:250℃;离子源温度:200℃;离子源电压和电流:-70eV,3.0mA;MS采用全扫描方式进行数据采集,MS采用全扫描方式进行数据采集;扫描范围:m/z50-800;扫描速度:20spectra/s;检测电压为-1690v。
4.HPLC-QTOF/MS测定
仪器:高液相色谱-飞行时间质谱(HPLC/TOF-MS)检测系统(HPLC:岛津Prominence UFLCXR液相色谱仪;TOF-MS:AB SCIEX TripleTOFTM5600System)。
色谱条件:色谱柱是C-18反相色谱柱(2.1*100mm,1.7μm),进样量:5μl;恒流速度:200ul/min;柱温:45℃;流动相:A.水相(0.1%甲酸-水),B.有机相(0.1%甲酸-乙腈); 梯度洗脱条件:0-3min10%B;3-10min10%-55%B;10-55min55%-95%B;55-65min95%-10%。
质谱条件:电喷雾离子化源(ESI),负离子检测模式。离子源温度:500℃;扫描方式:全扫描;扫描离子范围m/z:100-1500;负离子模式下毛细管电压为:-120V;锥孔电压正负离子模式分别为:-30V。
5.化合物鉴定与数据分析
在上述检测条件下可获得样品的GC-MS及HPLC-QTOF/MS的总离子流图。利用现有化合物谱库如NIST、Wiley、MetabolitePilotTM对样品中的化合物进行鉴定,获取各鉴定化合物色谱峰峰面积,由内标计算各化合物在样品中相对含量,或由相同同位素内标计算所得化合物的绝对含量。对各个化合物在各组(对照组、滥用组)中相对含量进行统计分析,确定在正常组与甲基苯丙胺滥用有显著性差异的化合物,选择2组间统计差异最大、相对误差最小的化合物,是用于鉴定甲基苯丙胺滥用的代谢标志物。
6.甲基苯丙胺滥用的快速鉴定方法
本研究主要依据血清中分子含量出现的显著异常变化,确定甲基苯丙胺快速鉴定的代谢标志物。采用适当方法检测后,采用与内标化合物峰面积比较方法得到各诊断标志物相对含量,比较正常组与甲基苯丙胺滥用组之间差异的显著性。GC-MS测定发现甲基苯丙胺滥用组的谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、组氨酸、脯氨酸、甘氨酸等氨基酸类物质及次黄嘌呤、氨基丙二酸、乳酸等内源性化合物大幅度升高;而硬脂酸、胆固醇、棕榈酸、亚油酸、油酸等脂肪酸类物质降低,另外,维生素E、2-羟基丁酸、尿酸、α-氨基丁酸等有机酸也大幅度下降(表1)。将正常组数值(内标校正)作为基准对照,平均值设定为1,计算对照组与甲基苯丙胺滥用组的相对值与95%置信区间,作为评估甲基苯丙胺滥用程度的标准(表2)。
在进行甲基苯丙胺滥用程度判定时,可由正常组样品测定结果得到各个诊断标志物相对含量的正常范围,超出正常范围、落入甲基苯丙胺滥用相对含量范围的可以初步诊断为甲基苯丙胺滥用。还可以通过比较多个诊断标志物含量,对甲基苯丙胺滥用程度进行综合评判。另外,也可以选择在甲基苯丙胺滥用者血清中相对含量出现相反变化趋势的分子,计算其比值,与正常人群该比值进行比较进行诊断。
HPLC-QTOF/MS测定发现甲基苯丙胺滥用者血清中的神经节苷脂GD2(D18:1/23:0)、磷脂酰肌醇(12:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))、磷脂酸(16:0/0:0)、磷脂酰甘油(P-16:0/15:1(9Z))、焦谷氨酸、磷脂酰肌醇(16:0/0:0)、磷脂酰肌醇(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/0:0)、磷脂酰胆碱(O-14:0/O-1:0)、溶血性磷脂酰胆碱(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))、溶血性磷脂酰乙胺醇(0:0/20:3(11Z,14Z,17Z))、磷脂酰乙醇胺(18:1(9Z)/0:0)、溶血性磷脂酰胆碱(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))、磷脂酰乙醇胺(18:0/0:0)、磷脂酰丝氨酸(14:1(9Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))及溶血性磷脂酰乙胺醇(0:0/22:2(13Z,16Z))等显著高于正 常组(表3);亚油酸、花生四烯酸乙酯、胆红素、葡萄糖-6-硫酸酯、棕榈酸甲酯、16-戊二酰-1α,25-二羟基维生素D3、脱氧胆酸等显著低于正常组(表3)。将正常组数值(内标校正)作为基准对照,平均值设定为1,分别计算甲基苯丙胺滥用组的相对值与95%置信区间,作为评诊断甲基苯丙胺滥用的标准(表4)。
表1GC/MS检测血样中甲基苯丙胺滥用诊断标志物在正常和滥用者体内的相对含量范围
表2GC/MS测定血样中甲基苯丙胺滥用标志物在滥用者体内相对含量及置信区间
表3HPLC-QTOF/MS检测血样中甲基苯丙胺滥用诊断标志物在体内的相对含量范围
表4HPLC-QTOF/MS测定血样中甲基苯丙胺滥用标志物在滥用者体内相对含量及置信区间
Claims (5)
1.通过测定血清中代谢标志物用于甲基苯丙胺滥用者快速鉴别,其特征包括以下几个方面:
a)采用人血清作为样本进行检测;
b)采用甲醇等溶剂对血清中代谢标志物进行提取;
c)采用三甲基硅烷基三氟乙酰MSTFA的方法对血清中代谢标志物进行衍生化;
d)采用气相色谱-飞行时间质谱(GC/TOF-MS)、超高液相色谱-飞行时间质谱(UPLC/TOF-MS)进行样本分析;
e)利用仪器所检测的信号强度进行相对定量,或者利用标准品和内标进行绝对定量。
2.除权利要求1中血清作为生物样本外,生物样本还可为血浆、全血,或来源于人的其它体液、组织、细胞等,具体包括尿液、红细胞、尿液、脑脊液、唾液、泪液、汗液、组织匀浆、细胞或细胞培养液。
3.除权利要求1中甲醇沉淀蛋白的方法处理生物样本外,还包括不经过前处理的方法,或过滤/超滤的方法,或固相萃取方法,或经过高速离心和超速离心沉淀;或者生物样本采样其它蛋白沉淀方法,如加入有机溶剂(如乙醇、丙酮、乙腈、异丙醇)、各种酸碱盐沉淀、微波、加热沉淀的方法;或经过有机溶剂进行液-液提取,有机溶剂包括乙酸乙酯、氯仿、乙醚、正丁醇、石油醚、二氯甲烷、苯、正己烷、环己烷、乙腈等处理的方法。
4.除权利要求1中采用气相色谱-飞行时间质谱(GC/TOF-MS)、高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱(LC/TOF-MS)进行样本分析外,还包括其它任何基于紫外检测、荧光检测、红外检测、氧化还原反应、免疫应答、电流变化等各种检测技术(如HPLC)、质谱测定技术(如LC/MS、LC/MS-MS、GC/MS、GC/MS-MS、CE/MS、CE/MS-MS)、核磁共振测定技术和其它代谢组学测定技术的分析方法,以及依据上述技术开发的单独的或者联用方法及试剂盒。
5.权利要求1中所得到的数据可以是绝对定量数据,也可以为相对定量数据、半定量数据,如峰面积、峰高。或采用数学方法对检测分子进行不同数学方式计算得到的数据,通过与健康人群的正常数值/置信区间以及甲基苯丙胺滥用短期、中期、长期人群异常值/置信区间进行比较,从而对甲基苯丙胺滥用者的滥用程度进行判断。
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| CN105044361A (zh) * | 2015-08-14 | 2015-11-11 | 山东省肿瘤防治研究院 | 一种适合于食管鳞状细胞癌早期诊断的诊断标记物及其筛选方法 |
| CN105044361B (zh) * | 2015-08-14 | 2017-07-28 | 山东省肿瘤防治研究院 | 一种适合于食管鳞状细胞癌早期诊断的诊断标记物及其筛选方法 |
| CN106501414A (zh) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-03-15 | 公安部物证鉴定中心 | 一种苯丙胺类片剂的均质化方法 |
| CN108320782A (zh) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-07-24 | 北京大学 | 一种辅助判断甲基苯丙胺使用者发生精神症状风险程度的试剂盒 |
| CN110286187A (zh) * | 2018-03-19 | 2019-09-27 | 深圳华大法医科技有限公司 | 人体中毒品的检测方法 |
| CN109187614A (zh) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-01-11 | 厦门大学 | 基于核磁共振和质谱的代谢组学数据融合方法及其应用 |
| CN109187614B (zh) * | 2018-09-27 | 2020-03-06 | 厦门大学 | 基于核磁共振和质谱的代谢组学数据融合方法及其应用 |
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