CN103563697A - A plant automatic sprinkler irrigation frost prevention system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a plant automatic sprinkler irrigation frost prevention system and method, belonging to the field of agricultural meteorological disaster monitoring and control. Irrigation and anti-frost operations are extensive and control methods are simple, resulting in excessive use of water. In the present invention, after the water in the pond or the lake is pressurized by the water pump, it is sprayed from the direction below the plant canopy through the nozzle; the wet bulb temperature higher than a certain threshold value of the critical freezing damage temperature of the plant is used as the set value, which is different from that of the plant planting in different temperature regions. After the wet bulb temperature is compared, the opening and closing of the water pump and the electromagnetic valve in each area are controlled, so as to realize the control of spray irrigation and frost prevention in each area respectively. The invention can realize automatic spray irrigation and anti-frost of plants, reduce water consumption, and is suitable for anti-frost of plants in areas with water source conditions.

Description

A plant automatic sprinkler irrigation frost prevention system and method

technical field

The invention relates to the field of monitoring and control of agricultural meteorological disasters, in particular to a plant automatic sprinkler irrigation and anti-frost technology.

Background technique

Early spring and late frost damage can cause serious damage to plant growth and development. Among the existing anti-frost measures, flood irrigation is more commonly used. It increases the soil moisture, reduces the porosity, increases the heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the soil, and can increase the temperature of the orchard to a certain extent. waterlogging. In addition, flood irrigation is likely to form surface runoff, causing soil nutrient loss and affecting plant growth.

Japanese patents JPH01291729 and JPH06225650 respectively disclose methods and devices for water spraying and anti-frost for tea gardens and orchards. The principle is: when the temperature is 0°C, 1g of water releases 80cal latent heat when it solidifies and freezes, so it is sprayed on the plants When the water freezes on the surface of the plant, the latent heat released can keep the temperature of the plant above the critical freezing damage temperature, so as to achieve the purpose of frost protection; however, the positions of the disclosed nozzles are all above the plant canopy, and when spraying, use A large number of water droplets remain in the open space without plants, thereby causing a waste of water resources. The Chinese patent with application number 201110333226.X discloses a method for preventing frost in tea gardens during Spring Festival with mist spray irrigation equipment. Calorie requirements. In addition, the water spray and mist frost prevention methods disclosed above all do not involve the control technology during use, if used improperly, it will aggravate the frost damage instead.

Japanese patent JP2006238767 discloses a frost damage prevention device, which uses the lowest temperature in all areas of frost protection as the control condition for starting the system, which may cause water spraying and frost protection in areas where frost damage has not occurred, thereby causing water damage. Waste of resources.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a plant sprinkler irrigation and frost prevention system and method, which can realize the automation of sprinkler irrigation and frost prevention in different areas, and reduce water consumption.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows:

An automatic sprinkler irrigation and anti-frost system for plants, including a dry pipe (1), a water pump (2), a check valve (3), a filter (4), a flow meter (5), a branch pipe (6), and an air valve (7) , pressure gauge (9), vertical pipe (10), nozzle (11), automatic drain valve (13), is characterized in that also includes: controller (14), electromagnetic valve (8), temperature sensor (12); Connect the water pump (2), check valve (3), filter (4), pressure gauge (9) and flow meter (5) in sequence on the main pipe (1); Air valve (7), solenoid valve (8), pressure gauge (9), standpipe (10), automatic drain valve (13); each temperature sensor (12) is placed in different areas of the field, all connected with the controller (14 ) to the input end; the water pump (2) and each electromagnetic valve (8) are connected to the output end of the controller (14).

The nozzle (11) is located below the plant canopy.

The outer surface of the temperature sensor (12) is wrapped with moist absorbent cotton or absorbent gauze, and is distributed in areas of different temperatures in the field.

Utilize the plant sprinkling irrigation anti-frost method of described a kind of plant automatic sprinkler anti-frost system, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:

The first step, in controller (14), input the temperature setting value of control sprinkling irrigation;

In the second step, when the wet bulb temperature in a certain area is less than or equal to the temperature setting value, start the water pump (2), and open the electromagnetic valve (8) on the branch pipe (6) in this area; (8) remain closed;

In the third step, after the sprinkler irrigation and anti-frost system is in operation, when the wet bulb temperature in a certain area is greater than the temperature setting value, close the solenoid valve (8) on the branch pipe (6) in the area;

The fourth step is to keep the water pump (2) and all solenoid valves (8) in the closed state when the wet bulb temperatures in all areas are greater than the temperature setting value.

The temperature setting range is 2.5-3.5°C higher than the critical freezing damage temperature of plants.

Working principle and process of the present invention. The heat released when water condenses into ice is used to keep the plant temperature above the critical freezing damage temperature, so as to achieve the purpose of frost protection.

In the present invention, the controller (14) inputs the temperature setting value for controlling sprinkling irrigation. When the wet bulb temperature in a certain area is less than or equal to the temperature setting value, the controller (14) controls the water pump (2) to start, and opens the area. Solenoid valve (8) on branch pipe (6). The water flow passes through the dry pipe (1), the branch pipe (6) and the vertical pipe (10) in sequence, and finally sprays upwards to the plant canopy through the nozzle (11); when the wet bulb temperature of the plant canopy in a certain area is greater than the temperature setting value, The controller (14) controls the electromagnetic valve (8) in this area to close, thereby stopping the sprinkler irrigation in this area; then the automatic drain valve (13) in this area is opened, and the water in the branch pipe (6) passes through the automatic drain valve (13) flow out. When the wet bulb temperatures in all areas are greater than the temperature setting values, the controller (14) controls the water pump (2) and all solenoid valves (8) to be in a closed state.

The invention has beneficial effects. In the present invention, the spray head is arranged under the plant canopy, so as to realize target spraying on the plant canopy from bottom to top, and avoid spraying to open space between plants. Due to the complex site conditions such as terrain and vegetation in the planting area, the temperature difference in different areas is obvious, so the temperature monitoring and sprinkler irrigation control of each area can effectively reduce the water consumption. In the present invention, what is actually measured is the wet bulb temperature, which is generally lower than the dry bulb temperature, so the wet bulb temperature is used as a control parameter to reduce the risk of plant frost damage. The invention can realize the automation of sprinkling irrigation and anti-frost in different areas and reduce water consumption.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system composition and structure of the present invention.

In the figure: 1 dry pipe, 2 water pump, 3 check valve, 4 filter, 5 flow meter, 6 branch pipe, 7 air valve, 8 solenoid valve, 9 pressure gauge, 10 vertical pipe, 11 nozzle, 12 temperature sensor, 13 Automatic drain valve, 14 Controller; dotted line represents control flow.

Detailed ways

The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Take the tea tree in the tea garden as an example.

The composition and structure of the system of the present invention are shown in Figure 1, including a main pipe 1, a water pump 2, a check valve 3, a filter 4, a flow meter 5, a branch pipe 6, an air valve 7, a pressure gauge 9, a vertical pipe 10, and a nozzle 11. Automatic drain valve 13; controller 14, solenoid valve 8, temperature sensor 12; main pipe 1 is connected to water pump 2, check valve 3, filter 4, pressure gauge 9, flow meter 5 in sequence; each branch pipe 6 Connect air valve 7, solenoid valve 8, pressure gauge 9, standpipe 10, automatic drain valve 13 in turn; each temperature sensor 12 is placed in different areas of the field, and is connected with the input end of controller 14; water pump 2, each solenoid valve 8 are all connected with the controller 14 output.

Sprinkler 11 adopts fixed micro-sprinkler, which is arranged under the canopy on one side of the tea tree, 10cm away from the ground; controller 14 adopts Mitsubishi FX2N-32MR-001 type programmable controller; temperature sensor 12 model is WZP-Pt100. According to the difference in temperature in different areas of the tea garden, the test field was divided into three areas, namely test area 1, test area 2 and test area 3.

For better illustrating the scheme of the present invention, now the working process of the present invention in the tea garden is further introduced.

The critical freezing injury temperature of the tested variety Longjing 43 tea tree was -2℃. Using the above-mentioned system, spray irrigation and anti-frost tests were carried out three times, and the temperature setting values of the three tests were 0.5°C, 1.5°C and 1.0°C respectively.

first:

In the first step, the input temperature setting value in the controller 14 is 0.5°C;

In the second step, at 22:00 in the evening, it is detected that the wet bulb temperatures of test areas 1, 2 and 3 are 0.5, 1.2 and 1.5°C respectively, and the controller 14 controls the start of water pump 2 and simultaneously controls the solenoid valve in test area 1 8 is turned on for spray irrigation; at 1:30 in the morning, it is detected that the wet bulb temperatures of test areas one, two and three are 0.2, 0.5, and 1.1°C respectively, and the controller 14 controls the solenoid valve 8 in the test area two to open to carry out irrigation;

In the third step, at 5:00 in the morning, it is detected that the wet-bulb temperatures in the test areas 1, 2 and 3 are 0.3, 1.0 and 1.0°C, the controller 14 controls the solenoid valve 8 in the test area 2 to close, and the test area 2 is stopped. Spray irrigation, while the automatic drain valve 13 is opened to drain water;

In the fourth step, at 6:30 in the morning, it is detected that the wet bulb temperatures of the test areas 1, 2 and 3 are 1.0, 0.8 and 0.8°C, and the controller 14 controls the water pump 2 and the electromagnetic valve 8 in the test area 1 to be closed. Stop the sprinkler irrigation in the test area 1, and at the same time, the automatic drain valve 13 is opened to drain water.

the second time:

In the first step, the input temperature setting value in the controller 14 is 1.5°C;

In the second step, at 23:00 in the evening, it is detected that the wet bulb temperatures of test areas 1, 2 and 3 are 1.5, 1.8 and 2.0°C respectively, and the controller 14 controls the start of water pump 2 and simultaneously controls the solenoid valve in test area 1 8 is turned on for spray irrigation; at 2:00 in the morning, it is detected that the wet bulb temperatures of test areas one, two, and three are 1.2, 1.5, and 1.8°C respectively, and the controller 14 controls the solenoid valve 8 in the test area two to open to carry out irrigation;

In the third step, at 4:30 in the morning, it is detected that the wet-bulb temperatures of the test areas 1, 2 and 3 are 1.4, 2.1 and 1.7°C, the controller 14 controls the solenoid valve 8 in the test area 2 to close, and the test area 2 is stopped. Spray irrigation, while the automatic drain valve 13 is opened to drain water;

In the fourth step, at 7:00 in the morning, it is detected that the wet bulb temperatures in the test areas 1, 2 and 3 are 2.0, 2.2 and 1.9°C, and the controller 14 controls the water pump 2 and the electromagnetic valve 8 in the test area 1 to be closed. Stop the sprinkler irrigation in the test area 1, and at the same time, the automatic drain valve 13 is opened to drain water.

the third time:

In the first step, the input temperature setting value in the controller 14 is 1.0°C;

In the second step, at 22:30 in the evening, it is detected that the wet bulb temperatures of test areas 1, 2, and 3 are 1.0, 1.2, and 2.1°C respectively, and the controller 14 controls the water pump 2 to start, and at the same time controls the solenoid valve in test area 1 8 is turned on for spray irrigation; at 1:50 in the morning, it is detected that the wet bulb temperatures of test areas one, two, and three are respectively 0.8, 1.0, and 1.5°C, and the controller 14 controls the solenoid valve 8 in the test area two to open to carry out irrigation;

In the third step, at 5:00 in the morning, it is detected that the wet bulb temperatures of the test areas 1, 2 and 3 are 0.7, 1.6 and 1.1°C, the controller 14 controls the solenoid valve 8 in the test area 2 to close, and the test area 2 is stopped. Spray irrigation, while the automatic drain valve 13 is opened to drain water;

In the fourth step, at 6:40 in the morning, it is detected that the wet bulb temperatures of the test areas 1, 2 and 3 are 1.5, 1.9 and 1.3°C, and the controller 14 controls the water pump 2 and the solenoid valve 8 in the test area 1 to close , stop the sprinkler irrigation in the test area 1, and at the same time, the automatic drain valve 13 is opened to drain water.

The observation results show that during the implementation of the three tests in the tea garden, frost damage did not occur in the area where the sprinkler irrigation and frost protection system was installed; in the area where the sprinkler irrigation and frost protection system was not installed, frost appeared on the tea tree canopy, and the symptoms of frost damage began to appear the next day.

Claims (5)

1. the anti-defrosting system of a Plants automatic irrigation, comprise main (1), water pump (2), non-return valve (3), filter (4), flowmeter (5), arm (6), air valve (7), manometer (9), vertical tube (10), shower nozzle (11), automatic drainage valve (13), characterized by further comprising: controller (14), magnetic valve (8), temperature sensor (12); On described main (1), connect successively water pump (2), non-return valve (3), filter (4), manometer (9), flowmeter (5); On each arm (6), connect successively air valve (7), magnetic valve (8), manometer (9), vertical tube (10), automatic drainage valve (13); Each temperature sensor (12) is placed in field zones of different, is all connected with controller (14) input; Water pump (2), each magnetic valve (8) are all connected with controller (14) output.

2. the anti-defrosting system of a Plants automatic irrigation as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described shower nozzle (11) is positioned at the below of plant canopy.

3. the anti-defrosting system of a Plants automatic irrigation as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described temperature sensor (12) outer surface wraps up moistening absorbent cotton or absorbent gauze, is distributed in the region of field different temperatures.

4. the plant sprinkling irrigation frost prevention method of utilizing the anti-defrosting system of a Plants automatic irrigation as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:

The first step, the desired temperature of input control sprinkling irrigation in controller (14);

Second step, when certain region wet-bulb temperature is less than or equal to described desired temperature, starts water pump (2), and opens the magnetic valve (8) on this region arm (6); Otherwise the magnetic valve (8) that makes this region keeps cutting out;

The 3rd step, sprays after anti-defrosting system operation, when certain region wet-bulb temperature is greater than desired temperature, closes the magnetic valve (8) on this region arm (6);

The 4th step, when All Ranges wet-bulb temperature is all greater than desired temperature, keeps water pump (2) and all magnetic valves (8) all in closed condition.

5. the plant of the anti-defrosting system of a Plants automatic irrigation as claimed in claim 4 sprinkling irrigation frost prevention method, is characterized in that: described desired temperature scope is higher than 2.5 ~ 3.5 ℃ of the critical freeze injury temperature of plant.

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