CN103381870A - Rotary disk sensing element with uneven distribution of magnetic flux by multiple magnetic blocks - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a rotary disc type sensing element with unevenly distributed magnetic fluxes of magnetic blocks, belongs to the technical field of providing signals by magnetic induction, and particularly relates to a technology for providing control signals by multi-point magnetic induction on a rotating part. A plurality of permanent magnets distributed in a ring shape are fixedly arranged on the rotating disc, the magnetic fluxes of at least two permanent magnets are different, and at least one permanent magnet is in threaded connection with the rotating disc; on a certain surface of the rotating disk, the magnetic polarities of the adjacent permanent magnets are opposite, namely the magnetic polarities of all the permanent magnets on the certain surface of the rotating disk are distributed in an N pole, an S pole and an N pole …; the Hall is arranged at a position close to the permanent magnet. The advantages are that: the magnetic polarities of adjacent permanent magnetic blocks are in an NS opposite distribution mode, so that the Hall can obtain rectangular wave signals, and the signals can be conveniently subjected to digital processing; the magnetic fluxes are different, so that rectangular wave signals can represent the positions of the permanent magnets on the rotating disc, and the purposes of different rectangular waves are determined.

Description

Rotary disk sensing element with uneven distribution of magnetic flux by multiple magnetic blocks

the

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of providing signals by magnetic induction, and in particular relates to the technology of providing control signals by multi-point magnetic induction on a rotating component.

Background technique

The Chinese patent 201020295192.0 "Claw Type Torque Sensing Device" applied by Yebao Vehicle Material Industry (Kunshan) Co., Ltd. discloses a sensing device for power-assisted bicycles. The sensing device includes a magnetic part and an elastic part to sense the torque. sensing device. After a long time of use, the change of the elastic coefficient of the elastic member will lead to changes in the sensing signal and the control effect of the controlled motor, and the power-assisted effect will not match the power-assisted needs of people. Moreover, the design structure of the elastic member is complex and the manufacturing cost is high.

The Chinese patent 01201843.0 "Automatic Detection Device for Electric Power-assisted Bicycles" applied by Beijing University of Science and Technology discloses an automatic detection device for electric power-assisted bicycles, which detects pedaling force, speed and steering without contact. There is a spring on the inner disc, and the inner and outer discs are reset by a spring, and the two Halls on the bracket are used to measure the electrical signals generated by the relative moving magnetic discs on the inner and outer discs to indicate pedaling force, speed and steering. .

Disadvantages (1) The use of elastic parts is not durable: after a long time of use, the change of the elastic coefficient of the elastic parts will lead to changes in the sensing signal and the control effect of the controlled motor, and the power-assisted effect will not match the human power-assisted needs. Complicated and costly.

Disadvantage (2) Each disk group is the same and the magnetic poles are set in the same way, but it cannot express the respective positions of different disk groups, and cannot express the special power-assisted requirements of different positions: from Figure 3, 4, 5, 6 of the 01201843.0 patent and the instruction manual The record in the second paragraph of page 2 shows that the magnetic pole setting method of each magnetic sheet group (including a magnetic sheet 4, a magnetic sheet 5, and a magnetic sheet 6) is the same, that is, only the different positions of the inner wheel are simply changed from If the same set of disks is set repeatedly, the respective positions of different sets of disks cannot be represented, and the motion state of a specific position cannot be represented. When a person rides a bicycle, the pedals and the positions corresponding to the pedals are in motion and have their own Special boosting requirements, but the same structure of each magnetic sheet group in this patent cannot express the special boosting requirements of different positions on the pedal.

Disadvantage (3) There is no difference in the signals of each point, so that the man-machine does not cooperate: every disk group is the same, so each disk group cannot indicate the position of the disk group on the inner wheel, and the signal output by Hall cannot express The positions of the pedals and other magnetic disc groups, that is, the signal output by the Hall cannot indicate the demand for power assistance at different pedal positions, resulting in a mismatch between the demand for power assistance and the time for providing power assistance, that is, the unsatisfactory man-machine cooperation.

Disadvantages: Outputting sine waves makes the distance between the edges of the disk groups not less than 4 cm, generally 5 cm is better, but the number of disk groups that can be set is too small, and the man-machine cooperation is not ideal: if the disk groups are the same, the Hall output It is a sine wave as the control signal. As the control signal, the sine wave must have a certain peak-to-valley difference. Since the magnetic disk set of this patent needs a certain length to indicate forward and reverse motion, the maximum set 8 disk groups, generally 5 is better, the Hall can have the sine wave signal of the control function. That is to say, the technical solution of the 01201843.0 patent is used for power-assisted bicycles, the number of magnetic disc groups is limited to less than 8, the control signals are too few, and the man-machine cooperation is not ideal. However, if there are more than 8 magnetic disc groups, when a person pedals faster, the signal pattern output by Hall is close to a horizontal line. This signal has no control function, and cannot control the motor, so that it loses the power assist function when it is particularly needed.

Disadvantage (5) The blind area of the signal is up to 45 degrees, and you can't get it when you need it when you start it: As we all know, the torque of the bicycle pedal is the smallest at the apex, and the 10-45 degrees away from the apex is the area that needs the most assistance. , but the included angle between the magnetic sheet groups in this patent is 45 degrees, and there is no magnetic sheet group in the area where the pedal is 10-45 degrees away from the apex, and there is no control signal. The result is when the power is most needed , but the motor of the power-assisted bicycle does not assist.

In short, in addition to the use of elastic parts that are not durable and have a complex structure, due to the structural characteristics of the Hall and the disk group, the size and diameter of the turntable are within 20 cm, which limits the number of disk groups to 8 groups, and the number of disk groups cannot be increased arbitrarily. , so that the human-machine cooperation is not ideal, and there is no assistance when starting, the assistance demand does not match the assistance provided, and the rider's comfort is poor; if the number of magnetic disk groups is forcibly increased, the sensor signal loses the assistance control function.

Wang Naikang's Chinese patent 03264387.X "Time-Type Electric Power-assisted Bicycle Sensor" discloses that no elastic parts are used, only two moving and fixed turntables are used. element, the bicycle pedal makes one revolution, each Hall generates two pulses, and three Hall elements generate six pulses. There are three characteristics and four disadvantages as follows:

Features (1) In order to obtain six pulse signals, the same magnetic poles of the permanent magnets can only be on one side: each Hall needs to generate two pulses, and the same magnetic poles of the two permanent magnets can only be set on the moving side. On the same side of the disc, that is, on a certain side of the moving disc, the two permanent magnets are all north poles or both are all south poles. If on the same side of the moving plate, one permanent magnet is the North Pole and the other is the South Pole, then each Hall can only generate one pulse when the pedal rotates once, and three Halls have only three pulses, which is not Conform to the description of this patent specification. In order to increase the number of pulses and improve the control effect, the same magnetic poles of the permanent magnets can only be on one side.

Features (2) The permanent magnetic steel is used to indicate the fixed position of the pedal, and the three Halls indicate the moving position of the pedal: since the pedal and the moving plate rotate synchronously, one of the two positions on the moving plate corresponding to the two pedals is respectively fixed. Permanent magnetic steel, where a certain pedal is turned, the corresponding permanent magnetic steel is also turned at that position; but only when it is turned at a position with a Hall, can a control signal be sent through the Hall to direct the motor of the power-assisted bicycle to generate Assisted rotation required.

Features (3) Because one Hall cannot represent the position of the pedal movement in different periods of a revolution, it is not possible to use only one Hall: the pedal has a very different demand for power assistance during different periods of a revolution, and it must be reflected For this change in power assist demand, the patent uses three Halls to be set at three positions within an angle of 180 degrees, two permanent magnetic steels are set at two pedal positions, and the pedal is turned at the position where there is a Hall. Hall just outputs a signal to indicate that the pedal has reached the position of the Huo Yuan. However, the use of multiple Halls has the following disadvantages.

These features as a power-assisted bicycle sensor have three disadvantages:

Disadvantages (1) Using two permanent magnets with no difference to represent the fixed positions of the two pedals, only multiple Halls can be used to represent the rotational positions of the pedals: the two permanent magnets have no difference, and the advantages It is possible to indicate the fixed position of the two pedals regardless of the left and right feet, so that the left and right feet can generate power assistance requirements, which can produce the same motor power assistance effect; but the disadvantage is that the permanent magnet itself cannot indicate the rotation position of the pedals, but only Multiple Halls can be set at different corner positions to indicate the rotational position of the pedal, so one Hall cannot be used, but multiple Halls must be used.

Disadvantage (2) You can’t use only one Hall, but three Halls will inevitably cause the original segmentation error of the three control signals, which will distort the power-assisted demand model, and naturally produce power-assisted output inconsistent with the power-assisted demand: whether the power-assisted bicycle is one or two For a motor, the sensing signal for controlling the motor can only be achieved by inputting a sensing signal into the motor controller to achieve the purpose of controlling the motor; while the patent uses three Halls to control the motor, it is necessary to use the three Halls of the three Halls to control the motor. The signals are combined into one combined control signal before being input to the motor controller. The sensing parameters of the three Halls cannot be the same, especially due to changes in ambient temperature and long-term use, the sensing parameters of the three Halls may vary greatly. The output voltages are different, resulting in different power output of the motor, and the power output is inconsistent with the power demand; similarly, when the power demand is the same, the outputs of different Halls may be the same voltage, resulting in the same power output of the motor, and also There is a problem that the power output is inconsistent with the power demand.

Disadvantage (3) The combined control signal is prone to signal drift, which makes the combined control signal not match the motor controller, and the power-assisted demand model is distorted: due to changes in ambient temperature and long-term use, the sensing parameters of the three Halls may vary greatly , the connection points of the three control signals of the three Halls must change, then the combined control signals generated by the same boost demand will produce segmental signal drift, and the combined control signals will produce signal distortion as a whole, that is, the power boost demand model distortion , causing the motor controller to choose any one of the three control signals as a reference will cause the problem that the power output is inconsistent with the power demand.

Disadvantages The sensing points cannot be increased arbitrarily. If there are too few sensing points, the motor will not run smoothly, which will make the rider feel very uncomfortable: due to the disadvantages (1) and (2), it is most important because the number of Halls is greater than One is caused by it. Obviously, the more the number of Halls, the more serious the disadvantages (1) and (2) are. Therefore, the power-assisted bicycle provided by this patent can only be a very bad power-assisted bicycle that makes the rider feel comfortable.

Disadvantage (5) The blind area of the signal is up to 42 degrees, and you can't get it when you need it when you start it: As we all know, the torque of the bicycle pedal is the smallest at the apex, and the 10-45 degrees away from the apex is the area that needs the most assistance. , but the included angle between the Halls in this patent is 42.5-43.5 degrees. There is no Hall in the area where the pedal is 10-42 degrees away from the apex, and there is no control signal. The result is when the power is most needed , but the motor of the power-assisted bicycle does not assist.

In short, this patent is a technical solution for using multiple Halls to control the booster mode, because only multiple Halls can be used to represent the rotation position of the pedal, and the multiple control signals of multiple Halls must have original errors, and the combined control signals It is also easy to produce signal drift, which can cause distortion of the assist demand model, that is, the same assist demand at different times, but different assist effects; the more the number of Halls, the more serious the distortion of the assist demand model, which limits the number. A small number of Hall will cause the motor to run unsteadily, which makes the rider feel very uncomfortable, and cannot get assistance when starting. To make it undistorted to help the demand model, and to ensure the smooth operation of the motor, there is always a trade-off between these two issues, and it is impossible to have both.

International patent application WO/099/13558AI discloses a sensor for controlling the motor on the motor. The sensor is provided with a depression on the rotating disk, and the permanent magnet block is inserted into the depression of the rotating disk. The size and shape of the depression and the permanent magnet block must be Coordinate well, which is hard to do. Because the sag is too large for the permanent magnet block, the permanent magnet block vibrates in the sag when the rotating disc rotates, and the permanent magnet block is easily damaged; the sag is tightly matched with the permanent magnet block, and it is difficult to snap the permanent magnet block into the rotating disc. in the depression. Therefore, the permanent magnet block can only be permanently fixed at a fixed position in the recess of the rotating disc once, so that the permanent magnet block will not vibrate when the rotating disc is rotating. However, such a structure limits the adjustable depth of the permanent magnet block on the rotating disc, resulting in only one sensing model for one sensor.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a sensing element that only uses one Hall and each permanent magnet block on the rotating disk to obtain speed and acceleration signals, and a sensor can have multiple sensing models. Increase the number of permanent magnet blocks as much as possible, maximize the use of the displacement information of the rotating disk, and output sensing elements with more information and precise positioning. It is used on power-assisted bicycles, without elastic parts and other mechanical torque measurement, and can also make the power-assist demand and the provided power match well, and the motor runs smoothly as a sensor element for power-assisted bicycle sensors.

The concept of the present invention is: a sensor can be adjusted into a variety of sensing models, as long as the rotating disk and the permanent magnet block are connected in an adjustable depth, that is, connected with screws, the permanent magnet block can be used without changing the position. , by adjusting the depth to adjust the magnetic induction intensity of the permanent magnet block to the Hall, so that the Hall can output different sensing signals and obtain different control models. Within the receptive range of one Hall, multiple permanent magnet blocks are set in different ways on a rotating disk, so that one Hall can sense the motion signals of all permanent magnet blocks. The change mode of multiple permanent magnet blocks is mainly the change of magnetic polarity and the change of magnetic flux, so that Hall can obtain the motion signal of permanent magnet blocks with more precise specific position, stronger control function and more quantity. The magnetic polarity of multiple permanent magnet blocks is alternately changed by the south pole and the north pole, so that the signal generated by Hall is a rectangular wave, the control function is stronger and the number is larger; the change of the magnetic flux of multiple permanent magnet blocks makes the signal generated by Hall can express the permanent magnet. The position of the block is more precise, so that the motion state of a specific position can be expressed. For power-assisted bicycles, it is very important to express the motion state of the specific position of the pedals, because the motion state of the pedals directly expresses the state of the person's demand for power assistance on the bike.

The structure of the present invention is:

The rotating disk sensor element with uneven distribution of magnetic flux by multiple magnetic blocks includes a rotating disk 1 and a plurality of permanent magnet blocks 2. The blocks 2 are evenly distributed in a circular trajectory, that is, the distance from each permanent magnet block 2 to the center of the circle where the circular trajectory line 5 is located is the same, and the distance between adjacent permanent magnet blocks 2 is the same; on a certain surface of the rotating disk 1, The magnetic polarities of adjacent permanent magnet blocks 2 are opposite, that is, the magnetic polarity distribution mode of all permanent magnet blocks 2 on a certain surface of the rotating disk 1 is N pole, S pole, N pole, S pole, N pole, S pole...; The magnetic fluxes of at least two permanent magnet blocks 2 are different, and at least one permanent magnet block 2 is threaded to the hole on the rotating disk 1;

Also includes a Hall 3, Hall 3 is located on a certain side of the rotating disk 1, Hall 3 is located close to the permanent magnet block 2 and can feel the position of the permanent magnet block 2 magnetic flux, there is a gap between the Hall 3 and the permanent magnet block 2 Spacing; Hall 3 is a Hall that produces a rectangular wave output signal for opposite magnetic polarity.

The rotating disc 1 can be a plastic plate, a high-strength insulating plate, a copper plate, an aluminum plate, and other non-deformable material plates. When the sensing element is used, the rotating disc 1 will rotate, and the center of rotation is the center of the circle where the plurality of permanent magnet blocks 2 are distributed in a circular shape.

The purpose of a plurality of permanent magnet blocks 2 being distributed in a circular shape is that only one Hall 3 can be used to feel the motion state of all the permanent magnet blocks 2 on the rotating disk, that is, to feel the moving positions and speeds of all the permanent magnet blocks 2 on the rotating disk, As well as the change of speed, or acceleration, this Hall 3 can express the motion state of the permanent magnet block 2 with a continuous electrical signal, and because all the permanent magnet blocks 2 are respectively fixed on the rotating disk, that is, the rotating disk 1 On the above, the continuous electrical signal generated by Hall 3 can express the motion state of the rotating disk. If this continuous electrical signal is used to control other objects, this continuous electrical signal is a control signal. If it is used to control the motor of a power-assisted bicycle, it is also necessary to use a single-chip microcomputer or other electronic components as a sensor signal processor to convert the position, speed, and acceleration elements in the control signal into the power-assisted signal of how much power is needed. The conversion function is the power-assisted demand model, or booster model.

The meaning of the different magnetic fluxes of multiple permanent magnet blocks 2 is that the electrical signal generated by Hall 3 is not exactly the same pulse signal, but a pulse signal with different peak-to-valley differences, and different pulse signals are used to distinguish different permanent magnets. Different positions of the magnet block 2, so that the motion state of the permanent magnet block 2 at different positions can be obtained. A certain position of the rotating disk can be accurately expressed, or the motion state of each permanent magnet block 2 can be achieved. If it is used for power-assisted bicycles, it can accurately express the needs of the pedals for power assistance at different positions, so that the expression of power-assisted needs can be more precise, and the cooperation between the car and the person will be more consistent. the

The magnetic flux of multiple permanent magnet blocks 2 is not the same, that is, the magnetic flux of multiple permanent magnet blocks 2 changes, and the range of change should be the range of magnetic flux that can be felt by the same Hall 3 with the same position, that is to say, more The highest value and the lowest value of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet block 2 should be within the range of the magnetic flux that the Hall 3 can feel.

The Hall 3 is located close to the permanent magnet 2 and can feel the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 2. The purpose is to use the Hall 3 to sense the motion state of the permanent magnet 2, that is, the motion position, speed, and acceleration.

The significance of the control starting point of threaded connection: Hall 3 needs to feel the movement position of rotating disk 1, and Hall 3 must have a waveform difference. When multiple permanent magnet blocks 2 have the same size, shape, and magnetic flux, they are uniformly circular Under the condition of shape track distribution, Hall 3 needs to obtain waveform difference, that is, Hall 3 needs to obtain a different waveform, only by adjusting the distance between permanent magnet block 2 and Hall 3, so that Hall 3 is opposite to the same permanent magnet at the same position. The magnetic block 2 obtains different magnetic fluxes, thereby obtaining different waveforms before and after adjustment, which are different from the waveforms of other permanent magnet blocks 2, so that the different waveforms can make the Hall 3 feel the moving position of the rotating disk 1. The distance between the permanent magnet block 2 and the rotating disc 1 can be adjusted by screwing the permanent magnet block 2 to the Hall 3 , so this structure can make the Hall 3 feel the movement position of the rotating disc 1 . The Hall 3 signal with a position mark can provide a control start point as a control signal, but a control signal without a waveform difference cannot provide a control start point.

There are at least the following four adjustment control methods for threaded connections:

The first one is to adjust the position of the permanent magnet block 2 deep into the circular groove rotating disk 1 so that it is far away from the Hall 3, and the magnetic flux received by the Hall 3 at this point decreases, and the output signal corresponding to this point decreases;

The second is to adjust the position of the permanent magnet block 2 to the annular groove rotating disk 1, so that it is close to the Hall 3, and the magnetic flux received by the Hall 3 at this point is enhanced, and the output signal corresponding to this point is increased;

The third is to take out the permanent magnet block 2 from the ring groove rotating disk 1, so that there is no permanent magnet block 2 at this position, the magnetic flux received by Hall 3 at this point is zero, and the output signal corresponding to this point is zero;

Fourth, after the permanent magnet block 2 is taken out of the annular groove rotating disk 1, the south pole and the north pole of the permanent magnet block 2 taken out are reversely rotated into the original annular groove rotating disk 1 hole, so that the The magnetic poles of the permanent magnet block 2 and two adjacent permanent magnet blocks 2 are the same. Hall 3 receives three identical magnetic poles continuously near this point, and Hall 3 outputs three wide-wave signals with waveforms in the same direction combined.

The significance of the adjustment control mode of the threaded connection: that is, the meaning of the adjustment control model is that under the condition that all parts of the sensing element are the same, that is, the parts are not changed, at different times, Hall 3 can output different waveform signals to produce different control Model. If this sensing element is installed on a power-assisted bicycle, a power-assisted model can be used for riding on flat roads. When riding on mountain roads, just adjust the permanent magnet block 2 to the rotating disc 1 deeply and away from Hall 3 , Hall 3 can output another waveform signal, so that the waveform signal can make the electric motor produce another power-assisted model suitable for mountain road riding on the power-assisted bicycle. Since it is very convenient to adjust the permanent magnet block 2 to go deep or shallow to the rotating disk 1, it is also very convenient to adjust the different waveform signals output by the Hall 3, and it is very convenient to adjust the power-assisted bicycle to ride on different road conditions such as flat roads or mountain roads.

The opposite magnetic polarity of adjacent permanent magnet blocks 2 is a very important technical feature, and the magnetic polarity distribution mode of all permanent magnet blocks 2 is N pole, S pole, N pole, S pole, N pole, S pole..., so that Huo Er 3 outputs high and low alternating rectangular wave signals, as a rotating disk with limited size, to obtain as many accurate change signals as possible for one rotation, of course, it should be a rectangular wave for use. Because the change time of the peak and valley values of the rectangular wave signal is short, as many signals with control significance as possible can be generated within a certain period of time. The structure with the opposite magnetic polarity of the adjacent permanent magnet blocks 2 produces a rectangular wave, while the structure with the same magnetic polarity of the adjacent permanent magnet blocks 2 produces a sine wave, especially when used for power-assisted bicycles, the rotating disk as a sensing component is generally limited In the diameter of 10-15 cm, in this limited range to obtain a signal with a control function, the number of pulses that can be generated by generating a rectangular wave is 7-9 times greater than that of a sine wave. Naturally, the opposite structure of the magnetic polarity of the adjacent permanent magnet block 2 has a better control effect on the power-assisted bicycle, the cooperation between the person and the bicycle is better, and the rider feels more comfortable.

The Hall 3 is arranged at the position facing the circular locus 5 of the plurality of permanent magnet blocks 2 . Because the Hall 3 is a part that can feel the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet block 2 with a distance and output an electric signal, and in order to reduce the volume of the permanent magnet block 2 as much as possible, make it set as many permanent magnet blocks 2 as possible on the rotating disk 1, so that The smallest possible permanent magnet block 2 can be induced by the Hall 3; the Hall 3 should be located at the position facing the circular trajectory line 5 of multiple permanent magnet blocks 2, that is, the circular track that can run through all the permanent magnet blocks 2 The position of the trajectory line.

The part where the permanent magnet block 2 and the rotating disk 1 are threadedly connected is also provided with a fixing piece for fixing the relative position of the permanent magnet block 2 and the rotating disk 1 . After the permanent magnet block 2 is adjusted deeply or shallowly out of the rotating disk 1, the position of the adjusted permanent magnet block 2 should be fixed, so the adjusted permanent magnet block 2 position should be fixed with a fixing piece. Fixing parts can be selected modes such as rubber pad, spring pad or nut 6 for use. The same sensing element can be easily adjusted to output various electrical signal models.

Preferably, the fixing part is a nut 6 on the permanent magnet block 2 . With the number of shredded turns of the nut 6, it is easy to judge with the naked eye that the permanent magnet block 2 adjusts the size of the deep or shallow rotating disk 1, which is suitable for a relatively extensive permanent magnet block 2 adjustment method that anyone can operate.

The rotating disk 1 is provided with a central hole within the circle where the circular locus lines 5 of the plurality of permanent magnet blocks 2 are located. If the rotating disk 1 is to be used on a rotating shaft, a hole for passing through the rotating shaft will be set on the rotating disk 1; in order to ensure that the rotating disk 1 rotates with the rotating shaft, Hall 3 can feel the rotation of the rotating disk 1. For the motion signal of each permanent magnet block 2, the threading hole on the rotating disk 1 should be located at the center of the circular locus line 5 of a plurality of permanent magnet blocks 2, that is, the center hole. That is to say, the central hole is not necessarily a circle, but can be square, triangular and other shapes, so that it can be nested with the rotating shafts of shapes such as square and triangular, but the inner space of the central hole must include the circle where the circular locus line 5 is located. Only in the center can a Hall 3 be used to feel the motion signals of all the permanent magnets 2 on the rotating disk 1 rotating disk.

The magnetic flux of at least one permanent magnet block 2 is not equal to the magnetic flux of any other permanent magnet block 2 . Not equal to other magnetic fluxes, that is, special magnetic fluxes can be used to indicate the position of bicycle pedals. Preferably, the magnetic flux of at least two permanent magnet blocks 2 is not equal to the magnetic flux of any other permanent magnet block 2, and the permanent magnet blocks 2 of these two special magnetic fluxes correspond to two pedals respectively, which are used to represent the two pedals of the bicycle. position of the pedals. Because of the circular motion of the bicycle pedals, it is very important to determine the position of the pedals to obtain the speed of this circular motion and determine the assist model for the next circular motion.

The rotating disk 1 is a certain kind of plastic plate, aluminum plate, copper plate of non-magnetic material. Because the present invention is a structure in which the magnetic polarities of adjacent permanent magnet blocks 2 are opposite, the edges of adjacent permanent magnet blocks 2 can be almost attached to each other and the Hall 3 can output electrical signals with control functions. It is better to use plastic plates, aluminum plates, copper plates of non-magnetic materials, or other rotating disks that are not easily deformed.

The invention has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, unlimited number of permanent magnets on the ring of permanent magnets, standard pulse signal can be output at the position of the permanent magnets with adjustable magnetic flux, no signal blind area, and only one Huo A set of output signals can fully represent the entire motion state of the moving plate, the output signal will not be distorted or drifted, and the fixed position can be represented by the change of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet block, and the moving position of each permanent magnet block can be included in the output signal , used to assist the bicycle, so that the output of the assist and the demand for the assist can be highly matched so that the rider feels very comfortable.

［1］Adjustable hall output signal model: the permanent magnet block with adjustable magnetic flux can be connected to the rotating disk in four ways: deep, shallow, withdrawn, magnetic pole reversely screwed in, that is, there are four Adjust the model of the Hall output electrical signal in one way, so that the same sensor element can be easily adjusted to the model output of the other four electrical signals. When the signal model changes, you can choose a different signal model to control the controlled object and realize personalized control. If it is used for assisting bicycles, a suitable signal model can be selected according to the strength of different people, or the habit of exerting force, and riding on plains or mountains, that is, it has the function of adjusting the assist according to individuality at any time.

［2］Simple structure, no elastic parts, no mechanical failure: use the Hall to sense the rotation output signals of multiple permanent magnets, use the principle of the speed to calculate the torque provided by Chinese patent 01201843.0, and use a variety of mathematical models to calculate the torque of the power-assisted bicycle Parameters, used to control the motor of the assist bicycle to achieve assist. No elastic parts are needed, the structure is simple, and the cost is lower than that of sensors using elastic parts and mechanical force. It avoids the problems of deformation of various mechanical parts, no mechanical failure, and poor coordination after long-term use.

[3] The magnetic polarity is opposite, and the rectangular wave signal is output, which has precise control function: since the magnetic polarity of the adjacent permanent magnet block is opposite, and Hall uses the Hall that generates a rectangular wave output signal for the opposite magnetic polarity, the adjacent permanent magnet Regardless of the block spacing, even if there is no gap between adjacent permanent magnet blocks, Hall can also output a rectangular wave signal. If it is used for power-assisted bicycles, using a rectangular wave output signal to control the motor of a power-assisted bicycle is better than using a sine wave, because the rectangular wave can make the signal at any point in time, and the meaning of the signal indicating the motion position and speed is accurate, so it can be accurately expressed The motion position and speed of the bicycle pedal are assisted, so that the correct power assist demand of the motion state can be calculated from the precise position and speed of the pedal.

[4] The magnetic polarities of adjacent permanent magnet blocks are opposite, the number of permanent magnet blocks is not limited, and the sensing points can be increased as much as possible: due to the opposite magnetic polarity, the output rectangular wave signal, even if there is no gap between adjacent permanent magnet blocks, the The output signal is still a numerical and distinguishable rectangular wave signal, and still has a control function, that is to say, it will not output an unchanged linear signal without a control function. If it is used for power-assisted bicycles, since the diameter of the rotating disk linked with the pedal is limited, it is possible to increase the number of permanent magnet blocks, increase the sensing points as much as possible, and use as many sensing signals as possible on the rotating disk of the specified size. Indicates the position and speed of bicycle pedal movement, and accurately represents the state of movement.

[5] The magnetic polarity of the adjacent permanent magnet blocks is opposite, and there are more permanent magnet blocks and more sensing points, which can accurately represent the motion state of the rotating disc: for bicycles, the size of the rotating disc with fixed permanent magnet blocks is affected by Strictly limited, the diameter of the general rotating disk can only be within 10-15 cm. In order for Hall to obtain the magnetic pole signal of the permanent magnet block under the condition of a distance, the diameter of the permanent magnet block should be at least Ф0.6-0.8 cm, then 35-73 permanent magnet blocks [10-1*3.14/0.8=35; 15-1*3.14/0.6=73] can be set around the periphery of the rotating disk with a diameter of 10-15 cm without gaps, that is, the pedal rotates once , Hall can obtain 35-73 signals for controlling the motor of the power-assisted bicycle. But if it is the prior art with the same magnetic polarity of adjacent permanent magnet blocks, if the adjacent permanent magnet blocks are spaced at 5 centimeters, only 5-8 permanent magnet blocks [10] can be set at most on the rotating disk with a diameter of 10-15 cm. -1*3.14/5.8=5; 15-1*3.14/5.6=8]. It can be seen that this patented technology can set 7-9 times more permanent magnet blocks [35/5=6; 73/8=9] than the prior art, and set 30-65 more permanent magnet blocks [35-5=30; 73 -8=65]. Therefore, when the rotating disk rotates once, the patented technology increases the rotation point signal of the rotating disk by 7-9 times compared with the prior art. The motor control accuracy of the power-assisted bicycle is naturally increased by 7-9 times, and the accuracy of the rider's demand for power assistance is also increased by 7-9 times. The degree of cooperation between the car and the person is greatly improved, and the comfort of the rider is greatly increased. , It is no longer the uncomfortable feeling of one speed and one slow speed of the moped in the prior art. According to the actual experience, the present invention asks that when 15 permanent magnet blocks are arranged roughly evenly on the rotating disk, the uncomfortable feeling of one fast and one slow in the prior art is basically eliminated by only setting 5-8 permanent magnet blocks. Feeling; when 20 permanent magnet blocks are roughly evenly arranged on the rotating disk, the cooperation between the car and the person can meet the needs of the person, and the feeling of riding the moped is very comfortable.

［6］There is no signal blind area, and you will get matching assistance at any time: This patent can set up to 35-73 permanent magnet blocks around the rotating disc with a diameter of 10-15 cm, and the average clamp between the permanent magnet blocks The angle is 5-10 degrees. For power-assisted bicycles, when starting or running, there are 4-7 permanent magnet blocks within a 35-degree area of 10-45 degrees away from the top of the pedal, and there will be a signal at a position 10 degrees away from the top. Then Hall can output 4-7 control signals to respond to the need for power assistance, which can achieve the excellent technical effect of obtaining corresponding power assistance at any position and at any time, so that the cooperation between the car and the person is good, and the rider feels labor-saving and comfortable.

[7] Only one Hall is used, and one control signal indicates the entire motion state of the rotating disk. The control signal is completely consistent with the motion state of the rotating disk, and the control signal is completely consistent with human needs: multiple permanent magnets are fixed on the rotating disk. On the above, the permanent magnet block and the rotating disk rotate synchronously, and use a Hall to sense all the motion signals of the permanent magnet block, then the control signal output by the Hall is completely consistent with the motion state of the rotating disk, and it is completely consistent with the needs of people. The control signal will not have the original segmentation error and signal drift problem. Even if the Hall sensing parameters change, the entire control signal moves in parallel. As long as the receiving range of the motor controller receiving the Hall control signal is wide, the control effect of the changed Hall control signal will change systematically. If it is used for power-assisted bicycles, the power-assisted demand model will not be distorted, and the matching relationship between the power-assisted output and the power-assisted demand still maintains the original model. Riders can easily grasp this systematic change in power-assisted performance.

[8] The magnetic flux of each permanent magnet changes, and the permanent magnet with changing magnetic flux can represent the motion state of a specific point: because the magnetic flux of each permanent magnet changes, each permanent magnet makes the Hall output unique peak-to-valley difference value waveform control signal, the control signal of the unique peak-to-valley difference waveform can directly represent the motion state of a fixed permanent magnet block on the rotating disk; if each permanent magnet block has its own specific magnetic flux, it can reach As many permanent magnet blocks as there are, the motion state signals of specific points can be obtained. For example, if it is used for power-assisted bicycles, the diameter of the rotating disc is within 10-15 cm. When the rotating disc rotates once, Hall can obtain the control signals of the motion status of 35-73 different points, and naturally knows the assisting needs of 35-73 positions. Obviously, the existing technology can only have a maximum of 5-8 power-assist demands when the rotating disc rotates once, which is far inferior to the maximum 35-73 power-assist demand signals available in this patent, which can more truly and informatively reflect the rider's needs. Boost needs. That is to say, the power-assisted bicycle uses this patented technology, and the bicycle can be more consistent with people's needs. The rider feels that the pedal can completely control the speed of the bicycle at any rotational position, and the comfort is good. And the power-assisted bicycle of prior art can only just can control the speed of a vehicle at most 5-8 rotational positions. the

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sensing element with non-uniform distribution of magnetic flux by multiple magnetic blocks on the rotating disk, and adjacent permanent magnetic blocks N-S alternately.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sensing element in which the magnetic flux is unevenly distributed by multiple magnetic blocks on the rotating disk, and the high-density adjacent permanent magnetic blocks form N-S alternately. The different thicknesses of the lines of the permanent magnetic blocks in the figure indicate different magnetic fluxes;

Fig. 3 is the sectional structure schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure after the two permanent magnet blocks in Fig. 3 are adjusted and one of the permanent magnet blocks is taken out;

Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the two permanent magnet blocks in Fig. 3 being adjusted in different directions.

Among the figure, 1 is a rotating disk, 2 is a permanent magnet block, 3 is a Hall, 5 is a circular trajectory line, and 6 is a nut.

Detailed ways

Embodiment 1. Rotary disk sensor element with non-uniform distribution of magnetic flux by multiple magnetic blocks

As shown in Figures 1, 3, 4, and 5, 20 permanent magnet blocks 2 are fixedly arranged on a rotating disc 1 with a diameter of 10.0 cm by injection molding of a high-strength plastic.

All permanent magnet blocks 2 are evenly distributed in a circular trajectory, and each permanent magnet block 2 is fixed on a circular trajectory line 5 with a diameter of 9.0 cm, that is, the distance from each permanent magnet block 2 to the center of the circle where the circular trajectory line 5 is located is the same , The distance between adjacent permanent magnet blocks 2 is the same. The magnetic flux of the permanent magnet block 2 is different selected values in the range of 146---279 (B·H)max/KJ·m ^-3 , and the magnetic flux of the adjacent permanent magnet block 2 is not equal. There are two permanent magnet blocks 2 and the holes on the rotating disk 1 are threaded; the permanent magnet block 2 protrudes from the outer column of the rotating disk 1 with a nut 6, and the nut 6 and the screw thread in the hole of the rotating disk 1 Fix the permanent magnet block 2 firmly. To adjust the depth of the permanent magnet block 2 and the rotating disk 1 or when taking it out, first rotate and loosen the nut 6, then adjust the depth of the permanent magnet block 2 and the rotating disk 1, and finally the permanent magnet block 2 protrudes outside the rotating disk 1 There are nuts 6 on the post to be tightened again.

Adjust the depth of the permanent magnet block 2 on the rotating disk 1 as shown in Figure 5, or adjust the permanent magnet block 2 on the rotating disk 1 and take it out as shown in Figure 4.

The magnetic flux of two permanent magnet blocks 2 is not equal to the magnetic flux of any other permanent magnet block 2, and the magnetic flux of these two permanent magnet blocks 2 is also not equal. At both ends of a diameter, these two permanent magnet blocks 2 are used to represent the movement positions of the two pedals on the power-assisted bicycle.

All the permanent magnet blocks 2 arranged on one surface of the rotating disk 1 are arranged in such a way that the magnetic polarities of the adjacent permanent magnet blocks 2 are opposite, that is, the magnetic polarity distribution mode of all the permanent magnet blocks 2 on one surface of the rotating disk 1 is N pole , S pole, N pole, S pole, N pole, S pole....

Use a Hall 3 to set on the side of the rotating disk 1 with the permanent magnet block 2, and the Hall 3 is set at a position close to the permanent magnet block 2, that is, the Hall 3 is set on the circular trajectory line 5 where each permanent magnet block 2 is located. Within the range, Hall 3 keeps a distance of 0.3 cm from each permanent magnet block 2 in the rotating state, so that when each rotating permanent magnet block 2 passes Hall 3, Hall 3 can generate a corresponding rectangular wave electric current. signal output.

There are at least the following four adjustment control methods for threaded connections:

The first one is to adjust the position of the permanent magnet block 2 deep into the circular groove rotating disk 1 so that it is far away from the Hall 3, and the magnetic flux received by the Hall 3 at this point decreases, and the output signal corresponding to this point decreases;

The second is to adjust the position of the permanent magnet block 2 to the annular groove rotating disk 1, so that it is close to the Hall 3, and the magnetic flux received by the Hall 3 at this point is enhanced, and the output signal corresponding to this point is increased;

The third is to take out the permanent magnet block 2 from the ring groove rotating disk 1, so that there is no permanent magnet block 2 at this position, the magnetic flux received by Hall 3 at this point is zero, and the output signal corresponding to this point is zero;

Fourth, after the permanent magnet block 2 is taken out of the annular groove rotating disk 1, the south pole and the north pole of the permanent magnet block 2 taken out are reversely rotated into the original annular groove rotating disk 1 hole, so that the The magnetic poles of the permanent magnet block 2 and two adjacent permanent magnet blocks 2 are the same. Hall 3 receives three identical magnetic poles continuously near this point, and Hall 3 outputs three wide-wave signals with waveforms in the same direction combined.

Rotating disk 1 is provided with central hole at the center of circular locus line 5 where all permanent magnet pieces 2 are located, and central hole is used for being enclosed within the pedal central axis of power-assisted bicycle or usefulness on the running wheel rotating shaft.

Embodiment 2. Rotary disk sensor element with uneven distribution of magnetic flux with high-density multi-magnetic blocks

As shown in Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5, one surface of a high-strength aluminum rotating disk 1 with a diameter of 10.0 centimeters is provided with 40 permanent magnet blocks 2 with a diameter of 0.4-0.6 centimeters. The magnetic flux of the permanent magnet block 2 is different selection values within the range of 146---279 (B·H)max/KJ·m ^-3 , and the magnetic flux of the adjacent permanent magnet block 2 is not equal, and the Hall 3 and the rotating state Each permanent magnet block 2 keeps a distance of 0.2 cm, so that when each rotating permanent magnet block 2 passes through the Hall 3, the Hall 3 can generate a corresponding rectangular wave electric signal output. The structures of other rotating disk 1, permanent magnet block 2, and Hall 3 are the same as those in embodiment 1.

Claims (7)

1. the rotating disc type sensitive member of many magnetic patch uneven distribution magnetic flow, comprise a rolling disc (1) and a plurality of permanent magnets (2), it is characterized in that: be fixedly installed a plurality of permanent magnets (2) on rolling disc (1), these a plurality of permanent magnets (2) rounded track equably distribute, and namely each permanent magnets (2) is identical to the distance between identical, the adjacent permanent magnets of distance (2) at circle center, circular rail trace (5) place; In certain one side of rolling disc (1), the magnetic polarity of adjacent permanent magnets (2) is opposite, and namely simultaneously to go up the magnetic polarity distribution mode of whole permanent magnets (2) be the N utmost point, the S utmost point, the N utmost point, the S utmost point, the N utmost point, the S utmost point for certain of rolling disc (1) Have at least the magnetic flow of two permanent magnets (2) not identical; And having a permanent magnets (2) at least is with being threaded with hole on rolling disc (1);

Also comprise a Hall (3), Hall (3) is positioned at certain one side of rolling disc (1), and Hall (3) is located near permanent magnets (2) also can experience the position of permanent magnets (2) magnetic flow, between Hall (3) and permanent magnets (2), spacing is arranged; Hall (3) is opposite magnetic polarities to be produced the Hall of square wave output signal.

2. the rotating disc type sensitive member of many magnetic patch uneven distribution magnetic flow according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described permanent magnets (2) and rolling disc (1) also are provided with the fixedly connecting element of permanent magnets (2) and rolling disc (1) relative position with screw connection point.

3. the rotating disc type sensitive member of many magnetic patch uneven distribution magnetic flow according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described connecting element is the colloid that oneself solidifies, or the nut (6) on permanent magnets (2).

4. the rotating disc type sensitive member of many magnetic patch uneven distribution magnetic flow according to claim 3 is characterized in that: Hall (3) is located at over against the position of the circular rail trace (5) of a plurality of permanent magnets (2).

5. the rotating disc type sensitive member of many magnetic patch uneven distribution magnetic flow according to claim 4 is characterized in that: rolling disc (1) is provided with centre hole in the round scope in circular rail trace (5) place of a plurality of permanent magnets (2).

6. the rotating disc type sensitive member of according to claim 1 and 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 any one described many magnetic patch uneven distribution magnetic flow is characterized in that: have at least the magnetic flow of a permanent magnets (2) to be not equal to the magnetic flow of other any one permanent magnets (2).

7. the rotating disc type sensitive member of many magnetic patch uneven distribution magnetic flow according to claim 6 is characterized in that: rolling disc (1) is plastic flagstone, aluminum board, copper material plate a certain of non-magnet_conductible material.

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