CN103310685A - Eukaryote chromosome mode structure teaching aid - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a eukaryotic cell chromosome model structure teaching aid, which comprises an "X" shaped box body, a cover body fixedly connected to the body on one side, and a linear inlay arranged in the box body. The invention has a simple structure and can vividly express the model structure of the chromosome.

Description

A teaching aid for eukaryotic chromosome pattern structure

technical field

The invention relates to the field of teaching aids, in particular to a eukaryotic cell chromosome pattern structure teaching aid.

Background technique

During mitosis, the DNA of eukaryotic cells is highly helicated and presents a specific shape, which is easily stained by basic dyes, called autosomes. After the chromosome is replicated, it contains two chromatids juxtaposed vertically, and only the centromere region is still connected together. That is, two chromatids form a chromosome. Each chromosome consists of two chromatids, and the narrow place in the middle is called the centromere, also known as the main constriction, which divides the chromosome into a short arm (p) and a long arm (q). At the end of chromosome arms there is a structure called telomere, which has the function of maintaining the integrity of chromosomes.

Eukaryotic chromosomes contain linear double-stranded DNA, DNA and various types of related proteins that make up chromosomes. The ultrastructure of chromosomes shows that chromosomes are composed of DNA-histone highly helical fibers with a diameter of only 10 nanometers. Binding of histone HI to nucleosomes induces their assembly into rings of 6 nucleosomes, and these rings form cylindrical helical structures.

Eukaryotic chromosomes can be condensed to varying degrees. The primary structure of the chromosome is spiralized to form a hollow linear body, called a helix or a helical tube or a nuclear filament or a helicoid, which is the "secondary structure" of the chromosome, with an outer diameter of about 30 nanometers and an inner diameter of 10 nm, and the pitch between adjacent helices is 11 nm. The helicoid is further spiralized to form a cylindrical body with a diameter of 0.4 microns (μm), called a superhelicoid. This is the "tertiary structure" of chromosomes. After the superhelicoid is further folded and coiled, it forms a chromatid—the "quaternary structure" of chromosomes.

In the field of teaching, the teaching of chromosome structure is usually in the form of pictures, but the picture form lacks three-dimensional sense and is not vivid, it is difficult to stimulate students' interest, and it cannot well show the specific structural characteristics of chromosomes.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a chromosome model structure teaching aid which has a simple structure and can well display the chromosome structure.

In order to achieve the purpose of the above invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a eukaryotic cell chromosome pattern structure teaching aid, which includes an "X" shaped box body, one side of which is fixedly connected to the box body, and is arranged on the A linear inlay in the box.

In a preferred technical solution, the cover and the box are opened and closed by buckles.

In a preferred technical solution, the inlay includes a helical linear body, an end body connected to one end of the body, and the end body further includes two structural lines connected to the body, uniformly arranged on the two A string of strips between structural lines, said structural lines being in the form of a helix.

In a further technical solution, two strings of beads are arranged on the string.

In the above technical solution, the helical body is a soft wire, which can be stretched under force; the structural wire of the end body is also a soft wire, which can be stretched under force.

The primary structure of the chromosome is helicized to form a hollow linear body, which is called the helix or nuclear filament or the helix or the helical tube. This is the "secondary structure" of the chromosome. Each helix of the helix includes 6 A nucleosome; the spirochete is further spiraled to form a superhelix, which is the "tertiary structure" of the chromosome; after the superhelix is further folded and coiled, a chromatid is formed, the "quaternary structure" of the chromosome ; Two chromatids form a chromosome.

In the above technical scheme, the box body represents the metaphase chromosome of the eukaryotic cell, the inlay represents the DNA molecule in the chromatid, the string represents the base pair, and the string of beads represents the base, and different colors can be used to represent different types of bases .

Due to the use of the above-mentioned technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

The invention is simple in structure and easy to use, not only can specifically display the structure of the chromosome but also can deepen the user's memory of the chromosome pattern structure through the three-dimensional mechanism.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention;

Figure 2 is an exploded view of the present invention.

Among them: 1. Box body; 2. Cover body; 3. Inlay; 4. Body; 5. String string; 6. Bead string; 7. End body; 8. Structure line.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment:

Embodiment one:

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a chromosome pattern structure teaching aid includes an "X"-shaped box body 1, a cover body 2 fixedly connected to the box body 1 on one side, and a linear Inlay 3.

The cover body 2 and the box body 1 are opened and closed by buckles.

The inlay 3 includes a helical body 4, an end body 7 connected to one end of the body 4, and the end body 7 further includes two structural lines 8 connected to the main body 4, and string bars 5 evenly arranged between the two structural lines 8. , the structural line 8 is helical.

Two strings of beads 6 are arranged on the string 5 .

Beads 6 can be made into 4 different colors of red, blue, yellow and green, each representing the 4 bases A, T, C, and G in the chromosome, where A is paired with T, and C is paired with G, that is, red, blue Color beads 6 are on a string 5, and yellow and green beads 6 are on a string 5.

Box 1 represents the chromosome. Box 1 is "X" shaped and is divided into left and right parts from the middle. The left half and the right half represent a chromosome monomer, and the junction between the left half and the right half represents the chromosome. On the centromere, inlay 3 represents the DNA molecule in the chromatid, and string 5 represents the base pair.

This embodiment has a simple structure and can vividly express the structural features of chromosomes.

Claims (4)

1. A teaching aid for eukaryotic chromosome pattern structure, characterized in that: it comprises an "X" shaped box, one side is fixedly connected to the lid on the box, and the linear Inlay. 2. A chromosome pattern structure teaching aid according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cover and the box are opened and closed by buckles. 3. A eukaryotic cell chromosome pattern structure teaching aid according to claim 1, characterized in that: said inlay comprises a helical linear body, a terminal body connected to one end of said body, and said terminal body is It includes two structural lines connecting the body, and string bars evenly arranged between the two structural lines, and the structural lines are in a spiral shape. 4. A eukaryotic cell chromosome pattern structure teaching aid according to claim 3, characterized in that: two beads are arranged on the string.