CN103319426A - Preparation method of temperature-resisting lead-free and barium-free primary explosive 5-nitramino tetrazole calcium - Google Patents
Preparation method of temperature-resisting lead-free and barium-free primary explosive 5-nitramino tetrazole calcium Download PDFInfo
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- CN103319426A CN103319426A CN2013102537276A CN201310253727A CN103319426A CN 103319426 A CN103319426 A CN 103319426A CN 2013102537276 A CN2013102537276 A CN 2013102537276A CN 201310253727 A CN201310253727 A CN 201310253727A CN 103319426 A CN103319426 A CN 103319426A
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- nitramino
- tetrazole
- tetrazolium
- calcium
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- XRYANGKWUMRHLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ca].N([N+](=O)[O-])C1=NN=NN1 Chemical compound [Ca].N([N+](=O)[O-])C1=NN=NN1 XRYANGKWUMRHLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- ULRPISSMEBPJLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-tetrazol-5-amine Chemical compound NC1=NN=NN1 ULRPISSMEBPJLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- HURPOIVZCDCEEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2h-tetrazol-5-yl)nitramide Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)NC=1N=NNN=1 HURPOIVZCDCEEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 5-nitramino tetrazolium calcium Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960000935 dehydrated alcohol Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZGZLYKUHYXFIIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-nitro-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C=1N=NNN=1 ZGZLYKUHYXFIIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPESMPPJGWJWNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;lead Chemical compound N.[Pb] GPESMPPJGWJWNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- UOTJPZKIDJHHDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5-nitro-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+](=O)C=1N=NNN=1 UOTJPZKIDJHHDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- JUINSXZKUKVTMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen azide Chemical compound N=[N+]=[N-] JUINSXZKUKVTMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical class OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a temperature-resisting lead-free and barium-free primary explosive 5-nitramino tetrazole calcium. The method comprises the following steps of: mixing nitrosonitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid by a ratio of 1:1, adding 5-amino tetrazole powder under a stirring condition, heating to 50-70 DEG C to react for 4-6 hours, cooling to room temperature and adding anhydrous Na2CO3 till pH value is neutral; extracting by absolute ethyl alcohol, spirally evaporating a filtrate, adding ethyl acetate to generate a white precipitate, filtering a solid product, and drying at 55-65 DEG C to obtain 5-nitramino tetrazole calcium; adding 5-nitramino tetrazole calcium and distilled water to a reaction bottle, stirring, adding solid powder Ca(OH)2 and heating to 75-85 DEG C to react for 1-2 hours, separating out white crystals, cooling to room temperature, filtering the solid product, washing by absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying at 55-65 DEG C to obtain CaNAT. In the synthesizing process, no toxic and harmful gases are generated, so that the primary explosive has very good thermal stability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of priming explosive 5-nitramino tetrazolium calcium (II) preparation method of (being called for short CaNAT).
Background technology
The priming explosive that loads in the domestic and international project detonator at present is generally coprecipitation compounds or the inclusion compounds of nitrogen lead or DDNP.The weakness of last class medicament is that mechanical sensitivity is higher, and the waste water of generation needs to discharge through chemical treatment; Although the production of DDNP, use safety many, the wastewater flow rate that produces is large, dyeability is strong and be difficult to process, the performance of medicament itself also exists deficiency, and is little such as apparent density, resistance to pressure is poor, free-running property is poor etc.
Many novel priming explosives are widely studied in recent years.In United States Patent (USP) 22,066 and 3,965, just reported the research of mercuric 5-nitrotetrazole (II) in 951, it has the superior character of detonating, but makes to use and be restricted because containing poisonous heavy metal Hg.Use the 5-nitro tetrazolium copper (II) of mentioning in the patent 2006/0030715 and have good heat-resistant quality, have good impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity with the lead azoimide ratio, acting is fast, the output energy is high, but because its solid is cotton-shaped crystal, free-running property is bad, in preparation process, be difficult for filtering, not easy to operate in the filling in later stage, and its application is affected.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of Novel detonating medicine---the preparation method of 5-nitramino tetrazolium calcium (II) does not produce toxic and harmful, easily preparation in the building-up process.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems may further comprise the steps:
(1) adding mass concentration in reaction flask is 98% nitrosonitric acid, and the ice bath cooling drips mass concentration and be 98% the vitriol oil, and the mass ratio of nitrosonitric acid and the vitriol oil is 1:1; Add 5-amino tetrazole powder under agitation condition, the mass ratio of 5-amino tetrazole and nitrosonitric acid is 0.43:1; Be warming up to 50-70 ℃ of reaction 4-6 hour, be cooled to room temperature and add anhydrous Na
2CO
3Neutral to the pH value; Use dehydrated alcohol extraction, the mass ratio of dehydrated alcohol and nitrosonitric acid is 8:1, and rotary evaporation filtrate adds ethyl acetate to producing white precipitate, filters out solid product, 60 ± 5 ℃ of lower oven dry, obtains 5-nitramino tetrazolium;
(2) add 5-nitramino tetrazolium and distilled water in reaction flask, the mass ratio of 5-nitramino tetrazolium and distilled water is 1.3:10, stirs, and adds pressed powder Ca (OH)
2Be warming up to 80 ± 5 ℃, 5-nitramino tetrazolium: Ca (OH)
2Molar mass than for 1:1, reacted 1-2 hour, separate out white crystals, be cooled to room temperature, filter out solid product, use absolute ethanol washing, 60 ± 5 ℃ of oven dry, obtain CaNAT.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: not containing heavy metal and the perchlorates such as lead, barium in the molecule of CaNAT, do not produce toxic and harmful in the building-up process, is the Novel detonating medicine that meets environmental requirement.Its heat decomposition temperature is higher than any priming explosive of active service, shows that CaNAT has extraordinary thermostability.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the infrared spectrogram of 5-NAT;
Fig. 2 is 5-NAT
1H NMR spectrogram;
Fig. 3 is
13C NMR spectrogram;
Fig. 4 adopts the DSC204F1 tester to the analytical results figure of 5-NAT sample;
Fig. 5 adopts the infrared spectrum analyser of Magna-760 model of U.S. Nicolet company to the analytical results figure of CaNAT sample;
Fig. 6 adopts VEGA TS5136XM type scanning electronic microscope and INCA300 type energy dispersive spectrometry, to the analytical results figure of CaNAT sample;
Fig. 7 is CaNAT
1H NMR spectrogram;
Fig. 8 adopts the DSC204F1 tester to the analytical results figure of CaNAT sample.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of Novel detonating medicine---the preparation method of 5-nitramino tetrazolium calcium (II), preparation process was divided into for two steps:
(1) preparation 5-nitramino tetrazolium:
(2) preparation 5-nitramino tetrazolium calcium:
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
(1) adding mass concentration in reaction flask is 98% nitrosonitric acid, and the ice bath cooling drips mass concentration and be 98% the vitriol oil, HNO
3: H
2SO
4Mass ratio be 1:1.Under agitation add 5-amino tetrazole powder.Be warming up to 50-70 ℃ of reaction 4-6 hour, be cooled to room temperature and add anhydrous Na
2CO
3Neutral to the pH value.Use dehydrated alcohol extraction, rotary evaporation filtrate adds ethyl acetate and produces white precipitate, filters out solid product, 60 ± 5 ℃ of lower oven dry, obtains 5-nitramino tetrazolium.
(2) in reaction flask, add 5-nitramino tetrazolium and distilled water, stir, add pressed powder Ca (OH)
2Be warming up to 80 ± 5 ℃, 5-nitramino tetrazolium: Ca (OH)
2Molar mass than for 1:1, reacted 1-2 hour, separate out white crystals, be cooled to room temperature, filter out solid product, use absolute ethanol washing, 60 ± 5 ℃ of oven dry, obtain CaNAT.
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, and technical scheme of the present invention includes but are not limited to following embodiment.
1, the preparation of 5-nitramino tetrazolium
Add the 10g nitrosonitric acid in the there-necked flask, the ice bath cooling drips the 10g vitriol oil (98%), under agitation adds 4.3g(0.05mol) 5-AT.Be cooled to room temperature behind the reaction 6h in 60 ℃ of water-baths, add anhydrous sodium carbonate (at every turn adding 1-2g) to neutral in batches.With the extraction of 100mL dehydrated alcohol, rotary evaporation filtrate, add the 20mL ethyl acetate and produce precipitation, to filter, oven dry obtains product 5-NAT3.5g.
2, the preparation of 5-nitramino tetrazolium calcium
Add 20ml distilled water in the there-necked flask, add 2.6g(0.2mol) 5-NAT, stir and make it dissolving, add 1.48g(0.2mol) Ca (OH)
2Powder, oil bath are warming up to 80 ℃ of reactions 2 hours, filter, and recrystallization obtains products C aNAT1.8g.
The infrared spectrogram of 5-NAT is seen Fig. 1, wherein 3538cm
-1, 3463cm
-1Be the stretching vibration of N-H, 1597cm
-1Be the antisymmetric stretching vibration of NO2,1321cm
-1Be the symmetrical stretching vibration of NO2,757cm
-1Be the outer formation vibration of the face of tetrazole ring.Show and contain nitro and tetrazolium functional group in the synthetic compound.
5-NAT's
1Be presented in the H NMR spectrogram 11.896 places have one unimodal, this shows that sample only has a kind of H of environment, sees Fig. 2.
13Show 1 peak δ C153.107 in the C NMR collection of illustrative plates, this shows that sample only has a kind of carbon, sees Fig. 3.
Adopt the DSC204F1 tester that the 5-NAT sample is analyzed, the results are shown in Figure 4.The decomposition temperature of 5-NAT is 125 ℃.
Adopt the infrared spectrum analyser of the Magna-760 model of U.S. Nicolet company that the CaNAT sample is analyzed, the results are shown in Figure 5.As can be seen from Figure 5: wherein 1503,1475cm
-1Be NO
2Antisymmetric stretching vibration, 1408,1297cm
-1Be NO
2Symmetrical stretching vibration, 868cm
-1Be the stretching vibration of C-N key, 604cm
-1The outer formation vibration of the face of tetrazole ring.
Adopt VEGA TS5136XM type scanning electronic microscope and INCA300 type energy dispersive spectrometry, the CaNAT sample is carried out energy spectrum analysis, the results are shown in Figure 6.The EDAX results of CaNAT shows: contain C, N, O, Ca element in the synthetic medicament, conform to the molecular formula of target product.
CaNAT's
1Be presented in the H NMR spectrogram 3.33 places have one unimodal, this is the peak of hydrogen atom in the crystal water, sees Fig. 7.
Adopt Vario EL III type elemental analyser, C, N, H element in the CaNAT sample are analyzed, test-results sees the following form.By data in the table as can be known, the trial value of 3 kinds of elements is all coincide better with theoretical value in the CaNAT sample.
The results of elemental analyses of CaNAT
Adopt the DSC204F1 tester that the CaNAT sample is analyzed, the results are shown in Figure 8.As can be seen from Figure 8: CaNAT has an obvious endotherm(ic)peak at 85 ℃, and this is a process of sloughing crystal water; Violent decomposition reaction then occurs near 402 ℃, and peak shape is sharp-pointed, has the notable feature of priming explosive.The decomposition temperature of CaNAT and other several priming explosives such as following table, the heat decomposition temperature of CaNAT is all higher than CuNT, MNT, BNCP, LA, shows that CaNAT has extraordinary thermostability.
The heat decomposition temperature of CaNAT and related agents thereof (10 ℃/min)
Claims (1)
1. the unleaded preparation method without barium priming explosive 5-nitramino tetrazolium calcium of heatproof is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) adding mass concentration in reaction flask is 98% nitrosonitric acid, and the ice bath cooling drips mass concentration and be 98% the vitriol oil, and the mass ratio of nitrosonitric acid and the vitriol oil is 1:1; Add 5-amino tetrazole powder under agitation condition, the mass ratio of 5-amino tetrazole and nitrosonitric acid is 0.43:1; Be warming up to 50-70 ℃ of reaction 4-6 hour, be cooled to room temperature and add anhydrous Na
2CO
3Neutral to the pH value; Use dehydrated alcohol extraction, the mass ratio of dehydrated alcohol and nitrosonitric acid is 8:1, and rotary evaporation filtrate adds ethyl acetate to producing white precipitate, filters out solid product, 60 ± 5 ℃ of lower oven dry, obtains 5-nitramino tetrazolium;
(2) add 5-nitramino tetrazolium and distilled water in reaction flask, the mass ratio of 5-nitramino tetrazolium and distilled water is 1.3:10, stirs, and adds pressed powder Ca (OH)
2Be warming up to 80 ± 5 ℃, 5-nitramino tetrazolium: Ca (OH)
2Molar mass than for 1:1, reacted 1-2 hour, separate out white crystals, be cooled to room temperature, filter out solid product, use absolute ethanol washing, 60 ± 5 ℃ of oven dry, obtain CaNAT.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107739348A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-02-27 | 中国航天科技集团公司川南机械厂 | A kind of synthetic method of 5 nitro tetrazolium copper |
| US10899680B2 (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2021-01-26 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | High temperature initiator |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101463017A (en) * | 2008-06-05 | 2009-06-24 | 北京理工大学 | Method for synthesizing 5-nitramino tetrazole |
| US20110041968A1 (en) * | 2006-05-23 | 2011-02-24 | Ulrich Bley | Ignition charge |
-
2013
- 2013-06-24 CN CN2013102537276A patent/CN103319426A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20110041968A1 (en) * | 2006-05-23 | 2011-02-24 | Ulrich Bley | Ignition charge |
| CN101463017A (en) * | 2008-06-05 | 2009-06-24 | 北京理工大学 | Method for synthesizing 5-nitramino tetrazole |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| NIKO FISCHER ET AL: "Calcium 5-Nitriminotetrazolate-A Green Replacement for Lead Azide in Priming Charges", 《JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS》 * |
| THOMAS M.KLAPOTKE ET AL: "Alkaline Earth Metal Salts of 5-Nitro-2H-tetrazole: Prospective Candidates for Environmentally Friendly Energetic Applications", 《EUR.J.INORG.CHEM》 * |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10899680B2 (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2021-01-26 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | High temperature initiator |
| CN107739348A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-02-27 | 中国航天科技集团公司川南机械厂 | A kind of synthetic method of 5 nitro tetrazolium copper |
| CN107739348B (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2021-07-09 | 四川航天川南火工技术有限公司 | A kind of synthetic method of 5-nitrotetrazolium copper |
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Application publication date: 20130925 |